CVE 4308

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

REPORT

ASSIGMENT 3:
Site Visit –Earthwork & IBS Construction for proposed twin INTI mirror campus

GROUP MEMBER:
1. ABDUL QADIR (I17)
2.ADNAN ORAKZAI (I17014327)
3.HASSAN
4. ADIL
5.

LECTURER:
MR. KUMAR

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CIVIL ENGINEERING MSc BCEGI X DCEI

ADNAN ORAKZAI
Student Name

I17014327 IC/PASSPORT NO:

ID Number

CVE4308 ONE TWO THREE FOUR

Module Name CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY YEAR

Title of the
ASSIGNMENT TITLE: A3 Site Visit –Earthwork & IBS Construction for proposed twin INTI mirror campus
coursework
I certify that this assignment is my own work and where materials have been used from other resources, they
have been properly acknowledged. I also understand that I will face all the possibility of failing unit if the contents
Student’s Declaration of this assignment are plagiarized.

Signed : _____ADNAN _______________ Date : __________________

Marks obtained

Date Handout 16 Oct 2019 Date Due 18 Nov 2019

Student’s work assessed and

Date Received
returned/date
Please write feedback based on the marks obtained

Assessor’s
comments/
Feedback.

Student’s comments

Name and Signature

NAME: KUMARASON Name and Signature NAME: DR NURHARNIZA
of Supervisor/
of HOD
Examiner
SIGN: SIGN:
Date Date

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Coursework Policies

1. All coursework submitted must include

 A copy of the full brief given by the module leader (with the signed coversheet)
 All source material must be cited in the text and a full bibliography of source material (including author,
title, publisher and date) listed at the end of the submission

2. All work must be submitted in the mode instructed by the module leader.

3. Work submitted under the student’s name must only be the work of that student. All information sources
must be acknowledged. Plagiarism is a serious offence and will render offenders liable to disciplinary action
as set out in the INTI International University rules and regulation.

4. Students MUST keep a copy of all submitted work for reference purposes prior to the original being handed
in and returned. This will provide proof that the work was completed, in the event that the work goes astray.

4. Coursework received after the submission deadline without an authorized time extension will be marked if
submitted within two weeks of the initial deadline. However, the mark awarded will be the minimum (50%).
Where the quality of work is below a pass level (i.e. 50%), a mark of 0-49% will be awarded as appropriate.

5. Whenever a candidate submits work after two weeks without an authorized extension, a mark of zero (0%)
will be awarded. Examiners may comment on the quality of the work for learning purposes.

6. Requests for extensions of submission deadlines must be made in writing prior to the submission deadline to
the module leaders and must be supported by documentary evidence.

CLAS RANGE GUIDELINES

S
A+ 90 – 100% In addition to that for 70 – 79% below, an outstanding answer that could hardly
be bettered. High degree of understanding, critical/analytic skills and original
research, where specified. Outstanding in all respects.

A 80 – 89% In addition to that for 70 – 79% below, the answer will demonstrate an excellent
level of understanding, presence of clear description, critical/analytical skills or
research, as appropriate.

Answer entirely relevant to the assignment set. Answer will demonstrate clear
A- 75– 79% understanding of theories, concepts, issues and methodology, as appropriate.
There will be evidence of wide-ranging reading and/or research, as appropriate,
beyond the minimum recommended. Answers will be written/presented in a clear,
well-structured way with clarity of expression. At level 3, evidence of
independent, critical thought would normally be expected.

B+ 70 -74% Answer demonstrating a very good understanding of the requirements of the

assignment. Answer will demonstrate very good understanding of theories,
concepts, issues and methodology, as appropriate.

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 B 65 – 69% Answer will be mostly appropriate, with few errors. Little, if any, irrelevant
material may be present. Reading beyond the recommended minimum will be
present where appropriate. Well organized and clearly written/presented.

B- 60 – 64%
A good understanding, with few errors. Some irrelevant material may be present.
Well organized and clearly written/presented. Some reading/research beyond
recommended in evidence.

C+ 55 – 59% Answer demonstrating a good understanding of relevant theories, concepts, issues

and methodology. Some reading/research beyond that recommended may be
present. Some errors may be present and inclusion of irrelevant material. May
not be particularly well-structured, and/or clearly presented.

C 50 – 54% Answer demonstrating a reasonable understanding of theories, concepts, issues

and methodology. Answer likely to show some errors of understanding. May be
significant amount of irrelevant material. May not be well-structured and
expression/presentation may be unclear at times.

FAIL < 49.50

C- 45 - 49% An understanding demonstrated, but may be incomplete and with some errors.
Limited use of material with limited reading/research on the topic. Likely to be
poorly structured and not well-expressed/presented. Irrelevant material likely to
be present.

D 40 – 44% Some relevant material will be present. Understanding will be poor with little
evidence of reading/research on the topic. Fundamental errors and
misunderstanding likely to be present. Poor structure and poor
expression/presentation. Much material may not be relevant to the assignment.

F 30 – 39% Inadequate answer with little relevant material and poor understanding of
theories, concepts, issues and methodology, as appropriate. Fundamental errors
and misunderstandings will be present. Material may be largely irrelevant.
Poorly structured and poorly expressed/presented.

20 – 29% Clear failure to provide answer to the assignment. Little understanding and only a
vague knowledge of the area. Serious and fundamental errors and lack of
understanding. Virtually no evidence of relevant reading/research. Poorly
structured and inadequately expressed/presented.

Complete failure, virtually no understanding of requirements of the assignment.

0 – 19%
Material may be entirely irrelevant. Answer may be extremely short, and in note
form only. Answer may be fundamentally wrong, or trivial. Not a serious
attempt.

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5
CONTENT

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INTRODUCTION:
Before the construction of any kind of structure on small scale or large and for the infrastructure
project site in civil engineering site analysis and site preparation is required before actual
operation process of the construction is initiated. The stability and the reliability of the any type
of structure depends heavily on the condition of the ground and type and the condition of the sub
soil. The condition of the ground and the quality of sub soil depends upon the environmental
actions that has impacted on it for years. To make sure the reliability of super structure and any
type of infrastructure soil investigation is really important to be carried out to understand the
condition ground and soil by conducting it. The soil investigation is based on three stages which
are: desk study, site reconnaissance and soil investigation. Desk study: to study already available
soil investigation report of site, topographical map, geological map, rain water record, Site
reconnaissance: talking to living inhabitants living by the site, physically visiting the site,
topography, ground water condition, site access and Soil investigation: suitability of the site for
the proposed structure, difficulties which may arise during construction, changes in subs soil
condition including standard penetration testing to get the value for the bearing capacity of the
soil ( higher the N value the better the subsoil for the proposed structure.) Assuming for
proposed site soil investigation performed provides satisfactory result, after that second stage of
the construction is started which requires the cut and fill, levelling the site for the required super
structure or sub structure. The cut and fill and levelling the site would require the usage of the
construction machinery available such as backhoe, crane, shovel, bulldozer, compaction
machine, caterpillar D11N, caterpillar D8 and variety of machines available on the market
depending upon the requirement of the proposed site plan.

We are required to produce report for the proposed site provided by the teacher where the
already built campus of INTI university has to replicated on the empty slot of land. The plan on
how the earth work has to carried out and the construction technological activities, techniques
implemented in the construction process, challenges faced due to the environment, safety of the
nearby existing buildings and safety of the workers wellbeing and their health along with
additional factors and steps which are carried out in this construction process.
The coordinates are provided here which will point to the plot of land where site clearing will
take place http://satellites.pro/#2.814111,101.759693,18. A snapshot of the land in image A,

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by the help of google map is taken and by using google map approximate total area and
approximate total distance values is provided which is in meters and in feet.

(SNAP SHOT OF THE PLOT OF LAND FOR INTI CAMPUS TO BE

BUILT-image A)

The total area measured by the help of google map is about: 76,843.28 m² (827,134.23 ft²) and
the total distance measured is about: 1.14 km (3,727.95 ft) and the coordinates recorded for the
pinpoint is 2°48'47.5"N 101°45'36.3"E.

The instructions were provided to replicate the already built campus of INTI university. Below
the image B provided is where inti university full campus is in snapshot with the site which will

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be cleared. A rough sketch was drawn to visually have an idea of how the replicate version of
inti campus would look. In the image B, the drawn rough sketch gives a hypothetical visual
understanding if the land is sufficient enough to replicate the inti campus and it’s fair to assume
that land is almost enough for the replication of inti university campus. The already built pattern
of roads and facilities of inti university will be followed from the design perspective for the plot
of land for the sake of the comfort of students and visitors for easy manoeuvrability. The
boundaries for the new campus are also highlighted and two additional routes are added to new
campus. Route A (R A) to connect the existing new campus to the old campus which
encompasses almost the whole new campus and then route MR which is main road and is
connected to (R A)of new campus and serves as quick exit route for staff and students of the
university.
The rough sketch of the new campus presented in image B will be drawn in AutoCAD image C
with appropriate measurement for area and the length as well which will provide a proper visual
representation of replication of the new campus and its facilities and the routes.

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 R
M A
R

(ROUGH SKETCH OF THE REPLICATE INT UNIVERSITY CAMPUS-

image B)

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(AUTOCAD SKETCH – image C)

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 (SITE CLEARING PLAN LAYOUT AND ROUTES- image D)
Before the construction process to be carried out site clearing is always a first priority. For site
clearing to be carried out by the machinery the plot of land is divided into the following sections
which will me marked as well: section 1, section 2, section3, section 4 and section 5. There is
main road of new campus of inti university named (main road inside inti) which connects the old
campus to new campus which will be used in site clearing process and a temporary road is made
for the ease of the movement of the construction machinery. The main entrance for entering,
exiting of machine’s are highlighted which are: main entrance one, two and three. The purpose
of dividing site clearing plane in such sections to for better manoeuvrability of the site clearing
machines, to save time and make sure timely completion of site clearing. The routes in yellow
colour in site clearing plan layout are temporary routes designed and made for the movement of
the site clearing machines which would allow efficient progress and to allow an ease of
movement from section to section for the purpose of change of machinery for different task and
for the dump trucks taking out waste material from the site.

OSHA (OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH):

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The Occupational Safety and Health Act is an Act which provides the legislative framework to
secure the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysian workforce and to protect others
against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of persons at work.

This Act was gazetted on 24th February 1994 and may be cited as the Occupational Safety and
Health Act 1994. This Act is a practical tool superimposed on existing safety and health
legislation.

The aims of this Act are

 to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or health
arising out of the activities of persons at work.

 to protect person at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to safety or
health arising out of the activities of persons at work.

 to promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their

physiological and psychological needs

 to provide the means whereby the associated occupational safety and health legislation
may be progressively replaced by a system of regulations and approved industry codes of
practice operating in combination with the provisions of this Act designed to maintain or
improve the standards of safety and health.

The provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 are based on the self-regulation
scheme. Its primary responsibility is to ensure safety and health of work lies with those who
create the risks and those who work with the risks.

Through self-regulating scheme that is designed to suit the particular industry or organization,
this Act also aims to establish effective safety and health organization and performance.

The concept of self-regulation encourages cooperation, consultation and participation of

employees and management in efforts to upgrade the standards of safety and health at the
workplace.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 is enforced by the Department of

Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), a government department under the Ministry of

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Human Resources Malaysia. While it will ensure through enforcement and promotional works
that employers, self-employed persons, manufacturers, designers, importers, suppliers and
employees always practise safe and health work culture, and always comply with existing
legislation, guidelines and codes of practice. Meanwhile, it will also formulate and review
legislation, policies, guidelines and codes of practice pertaining to occupational safety, health
and welfare as a basis in ensuring safety and health at work.

it is also the secretariat to National Council for Occupational Safety and Health, a council
established under section 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994.

Employer Responsibilities:

 Provide workplace free from hazard.

 Be knowledgeable of mandatory OSHA standards and make copies for employee on

request.

 Keep employees informed about OSHA.

 Continually examine workplace conditions to ensure that they conform to standards.

 Minimize or reduce hazards.

 Make sure employees have and use safe tools and equipment.

 Report to nearest OSHA office within 48 hours any fatal accident or one that results in
hospitalization or 5 more employees.

Duties of employee (workers) at the site to ensure everything go smooth:

 Take reasonable care at work for the safety of yourself and other persons

 Cooperate with your employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty, under the
Act or Regulations

 Wear or always use any protective equipment and clothing provided by your employer
for the purpose of preventing risks to your safety and health

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  Comply with any instruction or measure on occupational safety and health as required
under the Act or Regulations

During the construction process, the Acts enlisted in OSHA were strictly followed and
employers had been made knowledgeable of their responsibilities. The employers were informed
to work in legal frame work and allowable time constraints and not to over power or over step
the workers/ employee on the site. The workers on responsible for the task carried out on site
were informed about their rights, were strictly informed about the health and safety issues which
they might face on the construction site and were advised to take necessary precautions and
make responsible usage of personal protection equipment. The workers were also strictly advised
not to perform task on the construction site for which they are not qualified and make the
environment around them on the site safe for themselves and safe for their colleagues.

SITE PREPARATION

Preparation of the site includes demolition or wreckage of buildings and other structures,
clearing of construction sites and selling materials from demolished structures. Preparation of the
site also includes drilling, sampling, dumping, levelling, earth-moving, digging, soil draining and
other preparation of the ground. Tunnelling, overburden removal and other mineral resources and
sites construction and preparation, except for oil and gas fields, are also included. While to be
done with the site preparation we have to follow a few steps included below:

A. SITE CLEARING:

We first need to clear the site before creating a brand-new parking lot or road or starting any kind
of process relate to the foundation or placing the project. Site clearing is the first step. In which,
clearing off the construction site's vegetation and surface soil. A successful site clearing involves
several steps. Here's what we do to make sure we get a plan set up for success once we clear site:

 Clearing vegetation:

The first step is to remove vegetation after designating the area to be cleaned. It starts with the
undergrowth. Only large vegetation, such as trees and shrubs, is left to be cleaned after the
undergrowth is cleared. Clearing the ground first creates a safer, easier place to work or remove
the tree. The cutting of trees can be very dangerous and requires expertise and skill. The trees

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were cut to make it easier to remove high stumps. Using machinery (bottom dump shovel,
caterpillar d11n, multipurpose excavator, backhoe machine, caterpillar d10 and bulldozer
removing trees ) we remove the stumps, then focus on removing the roots .Even though the
decaying woody material can cause cracks in concrete structures built on the site, removing
stumps and roots is particularly important. We also remove large stones and dig out and cover
with clay animal burrows. Vegetation should be cleaned within a specified workspace zone. This
is therefore necessary to clear any trees or shrubs within at least 30 feet of the construction site.

 Clearing surface soil:

Surface soil is rich in roots and other decaying materials. This makes surface soil an unstable
foundation on which to construct. The area is to be cleaned and the top surface soil about 150mm
is then loosened, removed and transported. The topsoil can be used elsewhere; otherwise it will
be transported to where it can be used. We grade the new surface of the soil and prepare it for
foundation building and the application of concrete or asphalt.

B. SITE SURVEYING:

Site surveys are inspections of an area where work is proposed, collecting information to
complete the initial tasks required for an outdoor activity for a design or estimate. It can
determine the exact location, the access, the best site orientation and the location of obstacles.

If the survey pegs don't clearly identify your building block, you can't be sure you're building on
the right block. A surveyor will survey the site and identify exactly where to build the structure
or road project. The Surveying process is not an option it is a requirement for most processes of
zoning and authorizing. Surveying is converting a series of construction plans from a contractor
into a physical representation on the site of the project.

The surveyor's job is to pinpoint the boundary lines of the structure to be built and is denoted in a
horizontal position with physical markers, usually a stake in the lathe, pin or survey. However,
the surveyor's marks are also correspondence to the contractor regarding the actual elevation and
the cut or fill required to obtain the elevation of the model. It also involves checking the
improvements and temporary construction objects put to construct those improvements.

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Contractors use the surveyor's marks to verify the construction plans for the horizontal and
vertical location.

Furthermore, Total station, Transit (surveying) and level are some of the tools, surveyors were
using during this step. In which, By Using those tools the site was very well levelled and the
work was done professionally to make the site ready for the next step.

C. SOIL TESTING:

Soil testing is a critical task that must be done before the site is purchased. To analyse the ability
to withstand structure and to assess the ability to absorb water. While, the soil composition must
be known. The site Engineer will always insist that the committee taking care of soil testing do
all necessary soil testing before commencing any structural task on the soil. So, for this project
we had to use “soil penetration test” to check the suitability of the site for the proposed project.

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Soil penetration testing:

The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a common method of in situ testing used to assess the
geotechnical properties of subsurface soils. Estimating the relative density of soils and estimated
shear strength parameters. Overall it is a simple and cheap test. This test is depending on the
number or blows ‘N’ required for 12 inches penetration resistance of the soil. It is generally
referred as the ‘N’ value and measured in blows/unit penetration. In which the bigger number of
‘N’ the good suitability of the site for the project.

The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is commonly used to specifically at a certain depth the
bearing capacity of the soil. It is often possible to estimate the consistency of clayey soils from
this test. The drilling tools are removed when a borehole is extended to a predetermined depth
and the sampler (split spoon) is lowered to the borehole's bottom. The sampler is driven into the
ground by blowing the hammer to the top of the drill rod. The hammer's standard weight is 140
lbs. (62.3 N) the number of blows required to penetrate the spoon is recorded at intervals of three
"6" inches (15 cm). The number of blows required for the last two intervals are added to give the
standard penetration number at that depth.

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D. SITE PLAN DESIGN:

The site plan design process is initiated when the top soil is cleared of about 150mm and the
value obtained for the sub soil (the N value) of that site due to standard penetration testing
procedure, is accepted satisfactory. Site planning is defined as an art of arranging structures on
the land and shaping the spaces between which can be linked to architecture, landscape
architecture and city planning. Site planning in civil is defined as organizational stage of the
landscape design process. It consists of arranging compositional elements of landform such as
water, roads, buildings, parking, drainage and sewerage facilities, trails, garden elements.

The site plan for our location coordinates: http://satellites.pro/#2.814111,101.759693,18 will

show the building foot print, parking lot, travel ways, drainage and sewer tank facilities, garden
elements, sports court, library, labs. Since the instructions provided for this report are that new
built campus would be almost exact replica therefore, in site design plan there, won’t be drastic
changes.

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 (DIMNENSIONS OBTAINED VIA GOOGLE MAP – image E)

The total area measured (image E) by the help of google map is about: 76,843.28
m² (827,134.23 ft²) and the total distance measured is about: 1.14 km (3,727.95 ft).

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 R

(NEW CAMPUS IN COMPARISON WITH THE OLD CAMPUS- image F)

In (image F) a rough sketch is provided of new campus which would be almost exact replica of
the old campus. The buildings will be facing front to front each other. In planning of the new
campus, the inti international university, library and sports court will be placed adjacent just as
the formation visible in the old campus of inti university but with the exception of adding the
additional route A which will serve as route for the drivers as well as a connecting route between
old and new campus.

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 R A route

MR
route

MAIN
PARKING

(NEW CAMPUS SITE PLAN LAYOUT- image G)

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 In image G above almost exact replica of new campus is designed on bases of old campus
layout. The water tank system is placed at inti university lab section due to elevation and septic

tank

(SEPTIC TANK)

is placed at the empty land location which is closed to the spirt field. Due to the clearing of site
tress were cut down which might have impact on the ground water so trees were planted at
maximum capacity to some extent remedy the issue. The RA route is highlighted connecting
both of the campuses and RA route is also connected to main road for the passengers. The travel
ways for the pupil in university is mostly by the usage of pedestrian road.

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 (OLD AND NEW CAMPUS SITE PLAN COMPARISON- image H)

In this image H old and new campus are compared to present the position of all the components
of new inti university. The position of the buildings are set in such a way that they are facing
each other apart distance between them. To keep the design layout of new campus on the bases

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of old design layout of inti university provides simplicity for the students and for the pupil of the
university.

E. GEOTECHNIACAL SITE INVESTIGATION:

Geotechnical site investigation is one of the most important requirements before any type of
super structure or infrastructure is built. It is performed in order to characterize soil, rock and
ground water condition of the proposed site. Geotechnical site investigation purpose to collecting
the information and evaluating conditions on the site for the purpose of designing and
constructing the structure, foundation, parking lot or a bridge. Due to good planning and
management in geotechnical site investigation it allows the field engineers to collect sufficient
and accurate site information. In our project for the purpose of geotechnical site investigation
standard penetration testing is performed which is affordable and provides satisfactory result.
The higher value of N, the satisfactory the sub soil for the proposed structure. The main purpose
of standard penetration testing is it provides value the bearing capacity of the soil on which the
proposed structure is to be built.

F. SITE FINAL PREPARATION AND INSTALLATION OF IMPORTANT UNITS FOR

NEXT PHASE OF CONTRUCTION:

After all the steps taken for the site preparation, barricades are installed all over the land to
protect the construction equipment. The gates or the fence height is about 1.8 m to protect the
equipment on the site and also the public can avoid any kind of accidents. The entry and exit
gates are installed at specific points for easy mobility of the workers and for the sake of the
construction process. Temporary mobile offices are installed for the any visiting supervisors or
inspectors where briefing about the whole construction process about the new campus of INTI
university is provided. For the workers working on the site temporary accommodation units are
built which are in the form of light temporary man made structure or massive cargo containers
which functions well against any kind of harm at night and to avoid rain as well.

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