Today We Will Discuss About SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Disease

Today we will discuss about SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Disease.
As we know we are currently dealing with a covid19 pandemic, and SARS is similar to
covid 19 what are the differences? we will discuss it later. OK we start with the
definition. SARS or severe acute respiratory syndrome, is a severe respiratory infection
accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms caused by coronavirus. So what is the
difference with covid-19? Both of these diseases are caused by coronavirus but has a
different types of virus. Covid-19 is caused by SARS Coronavirus type 2. And SARS is
caused by a virus known as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
According to the Center for disease control and prevention (CDC), SARS recognized as
a global threat in March 2003. The viral disease first appeared in Southern China
November 2002, and spread to more than one 24 countries in Asia, North America,
and South America. There have not been any new case of SARS since 2004, And the
risk is relatively low.
About the SARS,

At that time we were dealing with a newly discovered virus that behaved differently than
other known viruses. World Health officials were able to contain the SARS epidemic
within a few short months. China has reported a few cases of SARS since December
2003. All health care professionals have heightened awareness of symptoms and are
prepared to use proper infection control measures to prevent another outbreak.
The SARS virus would need to be transmitted from an animal source, a lab accident, or
humans who have not been rapidly diagnosed, isolated, and treated. Transmission
occurs through droplets originating from the nose or mouth, which if there is contact with
the mucosal glands then an infection will occur. Transmission efficiency appears to be
greatest from severely ill patients or those experiencing rapid clinical deterioration,
usually during the second week of illness.
Donnelly et al analysed 1425 cases notified to 28 April in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region of China for whom epidemiological, demographic and clinical
data were linked. The data were fitted to γ distributions by maximum likelihood
estimation methods with allowance for censoring. The maximum likelihood estimate of
the mean and variance of the time from infection to onset was 6.37 days and 16.69
days respectively; therefore 95% of the patients would experience the onset of
symptoms within 14.2 days of infection. Four Centres stated that the maximum
observed incubation period was 10 days.
The case-fatality ratio of SARS is estimated to range from 0% to more than 50%
depending on the age group affected, with an overall CFR estimate of approximately
15%. Using a non-parametric survival analysis estimated from interval-censored data,
which provides an unbiased estimation of case-fatality, WHO estimated a crude CFR of
14% in Singapore and 15% in Hong Kong SAR. The method used to calculate CFR in
China has not been reported; accordingly, it is unclear whether the lower age-specific
CFR among older age groups in China reflects a healthier cohort of elderly and aged
persons than elsewhere or the effect of the method of CFR calculation.
Risk factors for SARS were described in a number of studies. Health care workers,
especially those involved in procedures generating aerosols, account for 21% of all
cases, ranging from 3% of reported probable cases in the United States of America
(1/33 cases) to 43% in Canada (108/251 cases). Other risk factors include household
contact with a probable case of SARS, increasing age, male sex and the presence of
co-morbidities. The care and slaughter of wildlife for human consumption in the wet
markets of southern China is associated with serological evidence of infection.
What causes the SARS? A virus known as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

causes the illness. Coronaviruses commonly cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory
illness in humans, but can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, and neurologic
diseases in animals.
As researchers quickly rushed to stop the spread of SARS in 2003, they learned more
about the characteristics of SARS-CoV, which had never been identified before. While
they still have not confirmed the disease's origin, many believe SARS-CoV first
occurred in animals and then spread to humans.
SARS has several common symptoms, including:
1. Headache
2. Overall feeling of discomfort
3. Body aches and chills
4. Sore throat
5. Dry Cough
6. Pneumonia
7. Difficulty breathing
8. Shortness of breath
9. Hypoxia (insufficient oxygen in the blood)
10. Diarrhea (for 10 to 20 percent of patients)
There's currently no cure for SARS, but research to find a vaccine is ongoing.
A person suspected of having SARS should be admitted to hospital immediately and
kept in isolation under close observation.
Treatment is mainly supportive, and may include:
 assisting with breathing using a ventilator to deliver oxygen
 antibiotics to treat bacteria that cause pneumonia
 antiviral medicines
 high doses of steroids to reduce swelling in the lungs
There's not much scientific evidence to show that these treatments are effective. The
antiviral medicine ribavirin is known to be ineffective at treating SARS.
How to preventing SARS:

Do not travel to areas of the world where there's an uncontrolled SARS outbreak.
To reduce your risk of becoming infected, avoid direct contact with people who have the
SARS virus until at least 10 days after their symptoms have gone.
To prevent spreading the infection, it's important to:

 wash your hands regularly with warm water and soap.
 Avoid touching their eyes, nose, and mouth.
 cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough
 avoid sharing food, drink and utensils
 regularly clean surfaces with disinfectant
In some situations it may be appropriate to wear gloves, masks and goggles to help
prevent the spread of SARS.

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Today we will discuss about SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Disease.

About the SARS,

What causes the SARS? A virus known as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

SARS has several common symptoms, including:

2. Overall feeling of discomfort

3. Body aches and chills

9. Hypoxia (insufficient oxygen in the blood)

10. Diarrhea (for 10 to 20 percent of patients)

How to preventing SARS:

To prevent spreading the infection, it's important to:

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