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Unix Commands

This document lists and describes 47 basic Unix commands, including commands for listing files and directories (ls), changing directories (cd), viewing file contents (cat), creating/removing directories and files (mkdir, rm, rmdir), copying/moving files and directories (cp, mv), finding files (find), managing users and groups (useradd, groupadd, passwd), and changing file/directory permissions (chmod, chown, chgrp). It provides the syntax for each command.

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Shabarish Gunasekaran
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views

Unix Commands

This document lists and describes 47 basic Unix commands, including commands for listing files and directories (ls), changing directories (cd), viewing file contents (cat), creating/removing directories and files (mkdir, rm, rmdir), copying/moving files and directories (cp, mv), finding files (find), managing users and groups (useradd, groupadd, passwd), and changing file/directory permissions (chmod, chown, chgrp). It provides the syntax for each command.

Uploaded by

Shabarish Gunasekaran
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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47 Basic Unix Commands

Basic Unix Commands

1.ls -l for listing the files as well as directories those


are kept in the particular working directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls -l

2.ls -la same as 'ls -l'but by this command we can also see
the hiden files.

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls -la

3.ls -li same as 'ls -la' but it will also shows us the inode
number of each and every file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls -li

4.ls by this command we can see only file name nothing


else

syntax: [root@localhost root]#ls

5.clear it will clear the screen(short cut ctl+l)

syntax: [root@localhost root]#clear

6.exit to end a current session as well current terminal


logging

syntax:[root@localhost root]exit

7.touch to create a new empty file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#touch

8.cd to change the working/present directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#cd /home/mango


where '/home/mango' is the desired directory to be
change from '/root'

9.cat to view the contents of a file and it is also used


for creating a new file with some contents

syntax: [root@localhost root]#cat to view


file contents
[root@localhost root]#cat > newfilename
enter,then you can write something in the file and
then to save the file contents press clt+d then enter

10.mkdir to make a new directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mkdir newdirname


you can also create a directory at your desired path
without changing your present working directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mkdir


/home/mango/newdirname

11.rm to remove a empty file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rm filename

12.rmdir to remove a empty directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rmdir directoryname

13.rm [-i/-r/-f] to remove a directory with its subdirectories as well


as its files that is to remove a directory which
already contains some files in it

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rm -i


directory/filename

-i stands for interactively


-r stands for recursively
-f stands for forcefully

14.cp to copy something in a destination file or directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#cp sourcepath


destinationpath
example: [root@localhost root]#cp
/home/mango/webmin.rpm /root/abcd
in this example the webmin.rpm file will be
copied in /root/abcd directory

15.mv to move one file or directory from one place to


another place, it is also used for renaming adirectory or
file

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mv source destination


[root@localhost root]#mv oldfilename
newfilename [to change the file name]

16.man to view the mannual page of commands for syntax

syntax: [root@localhost root]#man commandname


17.info to view the information about any command

syntax: [root@localhost root]#mkdir info

18.--help to view the help doccuments of a command

syntax: [root@localhost root]#commandname --help

19.dir to view the subdirectories and filesn under the


directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#dir

20.su - to become a super user

syntax: [mango@localhost mango]$su -


output wil be [root@localhost root#]

21.who by this command you can see the user name and their
ip addresses who have loged in on your server

syntax: [root@localhost root]#who

22.whoami this command shows your current logged in terminal


user name

syntax: [root@localhost root]#whoami

23.who am i this command shows you the logged in terminal number


and user name and more detailed information

syntax: [root@localhost root]#who am i

24.pwd to view the present working directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#pwd

25.rpm -ivh to install a rpm package

syntax: [root@localhost root]#rpm -ivh


packagename.rpm

rpm stands for 'redhat package manager'


-i stands for install
-v stands for verbose mode
-h stands for with hash sign(#)

26.rpm -q to querry about any rpm package


syntax: [root@localhost root]#rpm -q packagename

27.rpm -e to uninstall a rpm package

synatx: [root@localhost root]#rpm -e package

28.find / -name to find any file or directory in linux file system

syntax: [root@localhost root]#find / -name filename

29.su username to switch from one user to another users home


directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#su mango


output will be [mango@localhost root]#cd
[mango@localhost mango]#

30.su - username to switch from one user to another user users home
directory directly

syntax: [root@localhost root]#su - mango

31.useradd to create a new user

synatx: [root@localhost root]#useradd username

32.passwd to give a password of a user

syntax: [root@localhost root]#passwd tarun


output will be give a password for user tarun:(here
you have to type a password for tarun user)
confirm password:(again type the same password)

33.userdel to remove a user from linux

syntax: [root@localhost root]#userdel tarun

34.groupadd to add a new group

syntax: [root@localhost root]#groupadd groupname

35.gruopdel to delete a group

syntax: [root@localhost root]#groupdel groupname

36.chown to change the ownership of a file or directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#chown ownername


filename
example:[root@localhost /]#ls -l
output:
drwxrw-rw- 2 root root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd
(permission) (own) (group own)(size) (name)

[root@localhost root]#chown tarun /abcd


in this example /abcd directory owner will be change
to tarun user effect

[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd

37.chgrp to change the group ownership of a file or directory

syntax: [root@localhost root]#chgrp newgroupownername


filename
example:[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd

[root@localhost root]#chgrp tarun /abcd


effect:[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun tarun 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd

38.chmod to change the permission of a file or directory

drwxrw-rw- 2 root root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd


(permission) (ownr) (grpownr) (size) (name) IN

OCTAL VALUE:d stands for directiry READ=4


r stands for read only permission WRITE=2
w stands for write only permission
EXECUTE=1
x stands for execute only permission

drwxrw-rw- FIRST OCTET FOR DENOTING THE DIRECTORY OR


FILE OR LINK FILE ETC.

SECOND THREE OCTET FOR USER OR OWNER PERMISSION (rwx OR


7 IN OCTAL VALUE)
THIRD THREE OCTET FOR GROUP PERMISSION (rw- OR 6 IN
OCTAL VALUE)
FORTH THREE OCTET FOR OTHERS PERMISSION (rw- OR 6 IN
OCTAL VALUE)

SYNTAX: [root@localhost root]#chmod value


fileordirectoryname
example:[root@localhost /]#ls -l

drwxrw-rw- 2 tarun root 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd

[root@localhost /]#chmod 402 /abcd


[root@localhost /]#ls -l
drw-----w- 2 tarun tarun 4096 Mar 11 12:03 abcd

40.usermod to modify the user profile


synatx: [root@localhost root]#usermod -parameter
groupname username

41.vi to edit a file.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#vi


filename/absolute_path/relative_path

42.ipconfig to get information about Ethernet card (for WINDOWS).

synatx: [root@localhost root]#ipconfig /all

43.ifconfig to get information about Ethernet card (for LINUX).

synatx: [root@localhost root]#ifconfig

44.ping to check whether two machines are connected or not.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#ping

45.telnet to login to the server(in which LINUX operating system


is running) from a remote machine.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#telnet

46.init to change the Run Level.

synatx: [root@localhost root]#init run_level


run_level: 0 --> halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
1 --> Single user mode
2 --> Multiuser, without NFS(The same as 3,
if you do not have networking)
3 --> full multiuser mode
4 --> unused
5 --> for graphics mode(X11)
6 --> reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to
this)

47.shutdown to halt/restart the machine

synatx: [root@localhost root]#shutdown -h/-r time


-h --> for halt
-r --> for restart

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