2 Functions and Graphs

Extra Examples

(P01C02L01Q001)
Example 2.1R
If f(x) = –4x2 + 3x, find the values of the function when
(a) x = –1,
1
(b) x = .
2

(P01C02L01Q002)
Example 2.2R
1
If h(x) = x  2
, find the values of
x 1
(a) h(–2),
(b) h(0),
(c) h(2).

(P01C02L01Q003)
Example 2.3R
If f(x) = kx – x2 and f(5) = –5, find the values of
(a) k,
(b) f(–5).

(P01C02L01Q004)
Example 2.4R
If f(x) = 2x2 + x, find the values of
a
(a) f  ,
3
(b) f(b – 3).

26
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L01Q005)
Example 2.5R
x
(a) Plot the graph of the function y  1.
2
x
(b) Hence, find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of y  1.
2

(P01C02L01Q006)
Example 2.6R
The figure shows the graph of y = ax + b.
(a) Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph.
(b) Find the values of a and b.

(P01C02L01Q007)
Example 2.7R
Determine the directions of opening and find the y-intercepts of the graphs of the following functions.
(a) y = x2 – 3x + 1
(b) y = x(4 – x) – 2

(P01C02L01Q008)
Example 2.8R
(a) Plot the graph of y = –x2 + 4x – 3 from x = 0 to x = 4.
(b) State the following features of the graph:
(i) Axis of symmetry
(ii) Coordinates of the vertex
(iii) y-intercept
(iv) Direction of opening

27
 Question Bank

(P01C02L01Q009)
NF Example 2.9R

Find (a) the direction of opening,

(b) the vertex,
(c) the axis of symmetry
of the graph of y = –3(x + 1)2 + 2.

(P01C02L01Q010)
NF Example 2.10R

Given y = 2(x – 3)2 – 4, find

(a) its optimum value,
(b) the direction of opening and the axis of symmetry of its graph.

(P01C02L01Q011)
NF Example 2.11R

Find the optimum value for each of the following quadratic functions and the axis of symmetry of their
graphs.
(a) y = x2 + 6x – 7
(b) y = –2x2 – 8x + 3

(P01C02L01Q012)
NF Example 2.12R

Given that the minimum value of the function y = x2 – 6x + k is –17, find the value of k.

(P01C02L01Q013)
NF Example 2.13R

A marble is projected vertically upwards to the ceiling of a house from the floor. After t seconds, its height
(h m) above the ground is given by:
h = –5t2 + 5t + 1
(a) When will the marble attain its maximum height?
(b) If the ceiling is 3 m above the ground, will the marble hit the ceiling?

28
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L01Q014)
NF Example 2.14R

The figure shows a garden in the shape of two squares alongside each other. If MN is 12 m long, find the
minimum area of the garden.

(P01C02L01Q015)
Example 2.15R
Solve the following inequalities graphically.
(a) x2 – 4x + 1 > –2
(b) x2 – 4x + 1 < –2

(P01C02L01Q016)
Example 2.16R
1
Solve 4 x  graphically.
4

(P01C02L01Q017)
Example 2.17R
Solve 2x3 – 5x2 + 3x  2 graphically.

(P01C02L01Q018)
Example 2.18R
Given the graph of y = x2 – 3x – 1, solve the inequality x2 – 3x + 2 > 0 by adding a suitable straight line on
the graph.

29
 Question Bank

(P01C02L01Q019)
NF Example 2.19R

It is given that f(x) = 2x2 + 3 and g(x) = 2x2 – 1. If f(x) is transformed to g(x), describe the effect of the
transformation on the graph of y = f(x).

(P01C02L01Q020)
NF Example 2.20R

In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = x2 – 2x – 3 in the positive
direction of the y-axis. Find the symbolic representation of g(x).

(P01C02L01Q021)
NF Example 2.21R

The following table shows the tabular representation of a function f(x):

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 7 2 –1 –2 –1 2 7 14
If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) in the negative direction of the y-axis
by 3 units, complete the following tabular representation of g(x):
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
g(x)

(P01C02L01Q022)
NF Example 2.22R

If f(x) = x2 – 2 is transformed to g(x) = x2 – 6x + 7, describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of
y = f(x).

30
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L01Q023)
NF Example 2.23R

(a) It is given that f(x) = x2 + 2. Plot the graph of y = f(x) for –4  x  4 and find the coordinates of the
vertex of the graph.
(b) Hence, if g(x) = f(x – 1), find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = g(x) without plotting the
graph.

(P01C02L01Q024)
NF Example 2.24R

In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = (x + 3)2 in the negative
direction of the x-axis. Find the symbolic representation of g(x).

(P01C02L01Q025)
Example 2.2X
If f ( x)   x  1 , find the values of
(a) f(0) and f(1),
f [ f [ f  f [ f (0)]]]
(b)       .
100 times

(P01C02L01Q026)
Example 2.3X
It is given that f ( x)  x 2  kx  2 .
(a) Find f ( x) .
(b) If for any real number x, f ( x)  f ( x) , find the value of k.

31
Question Bank

(P01C02L01Q027)
Example 2.15X
Given the graph of y  x 2  4 x  1 , solve the inequality x 2  4 x  1  2 by adding a suitable straight
line on the graph.

(P01C02L01Q028)
Example 2.18X
3 3
Given the graph of y  , solve the inequality  2 .
x x

32
 2 Functions and Graphs

Pre-requisite Questions

(P01C02L02Q001)
1. Write down the linear equation 12x – 2y + 8 = 0 in the form y = ax + b.

(P01C02L02Q002)
2. Write down the linear equation 4(1 – x) + 5y = 24 in the form y = ax + b.

(P01C02L02Q003)
3. (a) Given y = 2x + 3, complete the following table.
x –2 0 2
y
(b) Plot the graph of y = 2x + 3 from x = –2 to x = 2.

(P01C02L02Q004)
4. (a) Given y = –4x – 1, complete the following table.
x –1 0 1
y
(b) Plot the graph of y = –4x – 1 from x = –1 to x = 1.

(P01C02L02Q005)
5. If P(a, 2) and Q(0, b) both lie on the graph of x – y + 4 = 0, find the values of a and b.

33
Question Bank

(P01C02L02Q006)
6. If P(–2, –7) and Q(1, 2) both lie on the graph of y = ax + b, find the values of a and b.

(P01C02L02Q007)
7. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 + x – 2.

(a) Using the graph, state the number of real roots of x2 + x = 2.

(b) Solve the equation x2 + x = 2 graphically.

(P01C02L02Q008)
8. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 + bx + c which cuts the x-axis at A(–6, 0) and B(1, 0). Find the
values of b and c.

34
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L02Q009)
9. (a) Plot the graph of y = x2 – 4x – 5 from x = –2 to x = 6.
(b) Hence, solve the equation x2 – 4x – 5 = 0 graphically.

(P01C02L02Q010)
10. (a) Plot the graph of y = x2 – 4x + 4 from x = –1 to x = 5.
(b) Hence, solve the equation x2 + 2 = 2(2x – 1) graphically.

(P01C02L02Q011)
NF 11. Given that the following expressions are perfect squares, find the value of p. Rewrite the expressions
in the form (x  m)2.
(a) x2 + 6x + p (b) x2 – 10x + p

(P01C02L02Q012)
NF 12. Given that the following expressions are perfect squares, find the value of p. Rewrite the expressions
in the form (x  m)2.
x
(a) x2 + 3x + p (b) x2  p
2

35
Question Bank

Level 1 Questions

(P01C02L03Q001)
1. If f(x) = 2x + 5, find the values of the function when
(a) x = 0, (b) x = 5, (c) x = –3.

(P01C02L03Q002)
2. If g(x) = 1 – (x + 1)(x – 2), find the values of g(x) when
(a) x = 2, (b) x = 0, (c) x = –4.

(P01C02L03Q003)
x5
3. If h(x) = , find the values of
x5
(a) h(0),
(b) h(a + 5),
1
(c) h .
b

(P01C02L03Q004)
4. It is given that f(x) = 3x2.
(a) Find the values of f(1) and f(2).
(b) Does the relation f(1) + f(1) = f(2) hold?

(P01C02L03Q005)
1
5. If h(x) =  2 x 2 and h(5) = 100, find the value of a.
ax

(P01C02L03Q006)
6. It is given that f(x) = ax2 + 2x + 1 and g(x) = x2 + 3x.
(a) If f(–2) = 1, find the value of a.
(b) If h(x) = g(x – 1), find the symbolic representation of h(x).
(c) Solve the equation f(x) = h(x) + 2.

(P01C02L03Q007)
7. It is given that f(x) = (x + 3)(kx – 3) and g(x) = (x – 1)(x + 6).
(a) If f(3) = 18, find the value of k.
(b) If h(x) = g(2x), write down the symbolic representation of h(x).
(c) Solve the equation 2f(x) – h(x) = 0.

36
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L03Q008)
8. (a) Plot the graph of the function y = 2x + 5.
(b) Hence, find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph.

(P01C02L03Q009)
9. The figure shows the graph of ax + y + 9 = 0.

(a) Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph.

(b) Find the value of a.

(P01C02L03Q010)
10. Determine the directions of opening and find the y-intercepts of the graphs of the following functions.
(a) y = x2 – 4x + 6 (b) y = (1 – 2x)2 – 3

(P01C02L03Q011)
11. Determine the directions of opening and find the y-intercepts of the graphs of the following functions.
(a) y = –3x2 + 10x – 7 (b) y = (x – 8)(1 + 2x) + 6

(P01C02L03Q012)
12. The figure shows the graph of y = 2x2 + 8x + 6. State the following features of the graph:
(a) Axis of symmetry
(b) Coordinates of the vertex
(c) y-intercept
(d) Direction of opening

37
 Question Bank

(P01C02L03Q013)
13. The figure shows the graph of y = –2x2 + 8x. State the following features of the graph:
(a) Axis of symmetry
(b) Coordinates of the vertex
(c) y-intercept
(d) Direction of opening

(P01C02L03Q014)
14. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 – 4x + c. D(d, –16) is the minimum point of the graph.

(a) Find the values of c and d.

(b) State the following features of the graph:
(i) Axis of symmetry
(ii) Coordinates of the vertex
(iii) y-intercept
(iv) Direction of opening

(P01C02L03Q015)
NF 15. For each of the following quadratic functions,
find (i) the direction of opening,
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex,
(iii) the axis of symmetry
of its graph.
(a) y = (x – 1)2 + 3
(b) y = –3(x + 4)2 – 9

38
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L03Q016)
NF 16. Find the optimum values of the following quadratic functions.
(a) y = –(x – 5)2 – 17 (b) y = (x + 2)2 + 1

(P01C02L03Q017)
NF 17. Find the optimum value for each of the following quadratic functions and the axis of symmetry of
their graphs.
(a) y = x2 – 10x + 27 (b) y = –2x2 – 16x + 1

(P01C02L03Q018)
NF 18. For the quadratic function y = –3x2 – 12x – 20,
(a) find the optimum value of the function,
(b) state (i) the direction of opening,
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex,
(iii) the axis of symmetry
of its graph.

(P01C02L03Q019)
NF 19. Given that the maximum value of the function y = –3x2 + 6x + p is 11.
(a) Find the value of p.
(b) State the coordinates of the vertex of its graph.

(P01C02L03Q020)
NF 20. Given that the maximum value of the function y = (4 – 2x)(x + k) + 2(k – 10)x is –4.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) State the axis of symmetry of its graph.

(P01C02L03Q021)
NF 21. If the sum of two numbers is 12, find the maximum value of the product of these two numbers.

(P01C02L03Q022)
NF 22. Given that the difference between two numbers is 10, find the minimum value of the product of these
two numbers.

39
Question Bank

(P01C02L03Q023)
23. Describe the properties (number of x-intercepts, axis of symmetry and maximum or minimum point)
of the following graphs.

(a) (b)

(P01C02L03Q024)
24. Describe the properties (number of x-intercepts, axis of symmetry and maximum or minimum point)
of the following graphs.

(a) (b)

(P01C02L03Q025)
25. Describe the properties (number of x-intercepts, axis of symmetry and maximum or minimum point)
of the following graphs.

(a) (b)

40
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L03Q026)
26. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 – 2x – 3. Solve the inequality x2 – 2x – 3 < –3 by drawing a
suitable straight line on the graph.

(P01C02L03Q027)
27. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 – x + 1. Solve the inequality x2 – x + 1 > 3 by drawing a suitable
straight line on the graph.

(P01C02L03Q028)
28. The figure shows the graph of y = x3 – 2. Solve the inequality x3 – 2  6 by drawing a suitable straight
line on the graph. (Give your answer correct to the nearest 0.2.)

41
 Question Bank

(P01C02L03Q029)
29. The figure shows the graph of y = 2x + 3. Solve the inequality 2x + 3  7 by drawing a suitable straight
line on the graph. (Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place.)

(P01C02L03Q030)
30. It is given that the graphs of y = x2 + 5x + 9 and y = 4. Suggest an inequality that can be solved.

(P01C02L03Q031)
NF 31. In each of the following, if f(x) is transformed to g(x), describe the effect of the transformation on the
graph of y = f(x).
(a) g(x) = f(x) – 2 (b) g(x) = f(x + 2)

(P01C02L03Q032)
NF 32. The following table shows the tabular representation of a function f(x):
x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 3 4 6 9 13
If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) in the negative direction of the
y-axis by 7 units, complete the following table.
x 0 1 2 3 4
g(x)

(P01C02L03Q033)
NF 33. The following table shows the tabular representation of a function f(x):
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) in the positive direction of the x-
axis by 1 unit, complete the following table.
x 1 2 3 4

42
 2 Functions and Graphs

g(x)
(P01C02L03Q034)
NF 34. If f(x) = x2 – x – 6 is transformed to g(x) = x2 – x + 36, describe the effect of the transformation on the
graph of y = f(x).

(P01C02L03Q035)
NF 35. If f(x) = (3x + 5)2 is transformed to g(x) = 9x2 + 12x + 4, describe the effect of the transformation on
the graph of y = f(x).

(P01C02L03Q036)
NF 36. It is given that f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3. If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x)
in each of the following directions, find the symbolic representation of g(x).
(a) Translated in the negative direction of the y-axis by 2 units.
(b) Translated in the positive direction of the x-axis by 4 units.

(P01C02L03Q037)
NF 37. It is given that f(x) = (2 – 3x)2. If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) in
each of the following directions, express g(x) in the form ax2 + bx + c.
(a) Translated in the positive direction of the y-axis by 4 units.
(b) Translated in the negative direction of the x-axis by 3 units.

43
Question Bank

Level 2 Questions

(P01C02L04Q001)
2 1 1
1. If f ( x )  x  2, show that f     f ( x ) .
x x

(P01C02L04Q002)
1
2. It is given that g(x) = 4x – 9. Find the values of x if g ( x )  g    0 .
 x

(P01C02L04Q003)
3. If f(x) = x2 + 3x – 15, find the values of
(a) f(3), (b) f(–a), (c) f(2b + 1).

(P01C02L04Q004)
4. It is given that f(x) = (x + k)(x – 1) – 2x and f(k) = k2 – 3. Find the value(s) of k.

(P01C02L04Q005)
5. It is given that f(x) = (x + 2k)2 and g(x) = 5k + x.
(a) If f(0) – 3g(3) = k – 25, find the value of k.
(b) Solve the equation f(x) – 2g(x) = 3.

(P01C02L04Q006)
2
x 1
6. Let g ( x)    .
 x  1
 x 1
(a) Find g  .
 x  1
5
(b) Hence, find the value of g   .
7

(P01C02L04Q007)
7. It is given that f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2.
(a) Find the values of f(2a) and f(a + 2).
(b) If f(2a) = f(a + 2) + 2f(a), find the value(s) of a.

(P01C02L04Q008)
8. It is given that f(x) = (x – a)(x – b) + 5. If f(a) = b and f(2b) = 3b, find the values of a and b.

44
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L04Q009)
9. It is given that f(x) = ax2 + bx + 3.
(a) If f(–1) = 1 and f(3) = 33, find the values of a and b.

NF  x
(b) If g    f ( x) , find the symbolic representation of g(x).
2
(c) Hence, find the values of g(5) and g(p – 1).

(P01C02L04Q010)
10. (a) Plot the graph of y = 3x2 – 12x + 9 from x = 0 to x = 4.
(b) State (i) the axis of symmetry,
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex,
(iii) the y-intercept,
(iv) the direction of opening
of the graph.

(P01C02L04Q011)
11. (a) Plot the graph of y = –x2 – 2x + 15 from x = –6 to x = 4.
(b) State (i) the axis of symmetry,
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex,
(iii) the y-intercept,
(iv) the direction of opening
of the graph.

(P01C02L04Q012)
12. (a) Plot the graph of y = 9 – (x + 5)(x – 3) from x = –6 to x = 4.
(b) State (i) the axis of symmetry,
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex,
(iii) the y-intercept,
(iv) the direction of opening
of the graph.

(P01C02L04Q013)
13. (a) Plot the graph of y = (2x – 3)2 + 2(1 – 2x) from x = 0 to x = 4.
(b) State (i) the axis of symmetry,
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex,
(iii) the y-intercept,
(iv) the direction of opening
of the graph.

45
 Question Bank

(P01C02L04Q014)
14. For each of the following graphs of y = ax2 + bx + c, state the signs of a and c.

(a) (b)

(P01C02L04Q015)
15. The figure shows the graph of y = ax2 – 2x + c. Show that 0 < ac < 1.

(P01C02L04Q016)
NF 16. For the quadratic function y = (x + 3)2 – 2(5 + 2x),
(a) find the optimum value of the function,
(b) state (i) the coordinates of the vertex,
(ii) the axis of symmetry,
(iii) the direction of opening
of its graph.

(P01C02L04Q017)
NF 17. For the quadratic function y = (3x – 2)(4 – x) – 2(x – 2),
(a) find the optimum value of the function,
(b) state (i) the coordinates of the vertex,
(ii) the axis of symmetry,
(iii) the direction of opening
of its graph.

46
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L04Q018)
NF 18. Given that the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = x2 – 4qx + 6q2 is x = 6.
(a) Find the value of q.
(b) Find the optimum value of y.

(P01C02L04Q019)
NF 19. Given that the minimum value of the function y = (x – k)2 + 6k(x – 1) is 3.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) State the axis of symmetry of its graph.

(P01C02L04Q020)
NF 20. If the optimum value of the function y = x2 – 3px + 21 is 6p, where p is positive, find the axis of
symmetry of its graph.

(P01C02L04Q021)
NF 21. The profit ($ P) of holding a party with x tickets sold is given by:
P = 2400x – 80x2
(a) How many tickets are sold when the profit is maximum?
(b) What is the maximum profit of holding a party?

(P01C02L04Q022)
NF 22. It is given that the total length of all the sides of the two cubes is 12 cm.
(a) Find the minimum value of the total volume of the two cubes.
(b) Find the lengths of a side of the two cubes when the total volume of the two cubes is minimum.

(P01C02L04Q023)
NF 23. In the figure, a rectangular picture ABCD of perimeter 160 cm is hung
by a piece of rope AED at the peg E, where AE = ED. It is given that
the shortest distance between the peg and the picture is 15 cm.
(a) Find the maximum possible area of the picture.
(b) Find the length of the rope when the area of the picture is
maximum.

(P01C02L04Q024)
NF 24. Suggest a quadratic function such that the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The maximum value of the function is 5.
(2) The axis of symmetry of its graph is x = 1.
(3) The y-intercept of its graph is a positive integer.

47
Question Bank

(P01C02L04Q025)
25. The figure shows the graph of the function y  x 3  x 2  x  1 .

(a) Find the minimum value of the function for 0  x  2 .

(b) Is the value obtained in (a) a minimum value of the function?

(P01C02L04Q026)
26. The figure shows the graph of the function y  x 3  ax 2  b .

(a) Find the values of a and b.

(b) If C(0, c) and D(2, d) lie on the graph, find the values of c and d.

(P01C02L04Q027)
27. Given the graph of y = x2 + 7x + 5. Find the equation of the straight line that should be added on the
graph in order to solve x2 + 7x < 1.

(P01C02L04Q028)
28. Given the graph of y = x3 – 2x – 1. Find the equation of the straight line that should be added on the
graph in order to solve 2x3 – 4x  8.

48
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L04Q029)
29. The figure shows the graph of y = 3x.

(a) Solve 3x – 9 < 0 graphically.

(Give your answer correct to the nearest 0.2.)
(b) Find the smallest integer x that satisfies –3x + 10 < –5.

(P01C02L04Q030)
30. The figure shows the graph of y = –x2 – 2x + 1.

(a) Solve (x – 1)2 + 4x < 0 graphically.

(b) Find the largest integer x that satisfies x(x + 2)  4.

(P01C02L04Q031)
31. Solve the inequality x2 + 5x – 4 > –10 graphically.

(P01C02L04Q032)
32. Solve the inequality –3x2 + 6x + 2  2 graphically.

49
 Question Bank

(P01C02L04Q033)
33. (a) Plot the graph of y = x2 + 3x – 4.
(b) Hence, find the largest integer k such that the inequality (x + 2)(x – 2) > k – 3x is always true.

(P01C02L04Q034)
NF 34. It is given that f(x) = x2 + 4x + 1 and g(x) = x2 + 10x + 22. If f(x) is transformed to g(x), describe the
effect of the transformation on the graph of y = f(x).

(P01C02L04Q035)
NF 35. Given that f(x) = 2x2  3x  4 is transformed to g(x) = 2x2  3x + 1 first, then to h(x) = 2x2  11x + 15.
Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = f(x) when f(x) is transformed to h(x).

(P01C02L04Q036)
NF 36. It is given that f(x) = x2 + 5, g(x) = f(x) – 8 and h(x) = g(x + 2).
(a) (i) Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = f(x) when f(x) is transformed
to g(x).
(ii) Find the symbolic representation of g(x).
(b) (i) Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = g(x) when g(x) is transformed
to h(x).
(ii) Find the symbolic representation of h(x).

(P01C02L04Q037)
NF 37. It is given that f(x) = x2 + 3x  29, g(x) = f(x  3) and h(x) = g(x) + 3.
(a) (i) Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = f(x) when f(x) is transformed
to g(x).
(ii) Find the symbolic representation of g(x).
(b) (i) Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = g(x) when g(x) is transformed
to h(x).
(ii) Find the symbolic representation of h(x).

(P01C02L04Q038)
NF 38. (a) Given that the function f(x) = x2  3x + 10, find the y-intercept of its graph.
(b) Hence, if g(x) = f(x)  2, find the y-intercept of the graph of y = g(x).

(P01C02L04Q039)
NF 39. (a) Given that the function f(x) = x2 + 8x + 12, find the x-intercept(s) of its graph.
(b) Hence, if the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) in the negative
direction of the x-axis by 2 units, find the x-intercepts of the graph of y = g(x).

50
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L04Q040)
NF 40. (a) It is given that f(x) = x2 + 4x – 5. Plot the graph of y = f(x) for –6  x  2 and find the coordinates
of the vertex of the graph.
(b) It is given that g(x) = f(x + 1).
(i) Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = f(x) when f(x) is transformed
to g(x).
(ii) By the result obtained in (a), find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = g(x).

(P01C02L04Q041)
NF 41. In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = –x2 + 2x + 15.

(a) Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = –x2 + 2x + 15.
(b) Find the symbolic representation of g(x).

(P01C02L04Q042)
NF 42. In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = 2x2  8x + 10.

(a) Describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = 2x2  8x + 10.
(b) Find the symbolic representation of g(x).

51
 Question Bank

(P01C02L04Q043)
NF 43. It is given that the coordinates of the vertices of the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x) are (h, k) and
(h + 3, k) respectively. If f(x) is transformed to g(x),
(a) describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = f(x),
(b) find the symbolic relation between f(x) and g(x).

(P01C02L04Q044)
NF 44. It is given that f(x) = 2x2  4x  1 is transformed to g(x). If the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
of y = g(x) are (1, 3), find the symbolic representation of g(x).

(P01C02L04Q045)
NF 45. It is given that f(x) = 4x2 – 12x + 9 and g(x) = f(x + 3).
(a) Solve f(x) = 0.
(b) Hence, solve g(x) = 0.

(P01C02L04Q046)
NF 46. It is given that g(x) = 2x2 + 5x  3 and g(x) = f(x  2).
(a) Solve g(x) = 0.
(b) Hence, solve f(x) = 0.

(P01C02L04Q047)
NF 47. The following table shows the tabular representations of the functions f(x) and g(x). If f(x) is
transformed to g(x), find the symbolic relation between f(x) and g(x).
x 2 1 0 1 2
f(x) 5 1 1 5 13
g(x) 2 2 2 2 10

(P01C02L04Q048)
NF 48. The following table shows the tabular representations of the functions g(x) and h(x). If g(x) is
transformed to h(x), find the symbolic relation between g(x) and h(x).
NF x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
g(x) 14 6 0 –4 –6 –6 –4
h(x) 24 14 6 0 –4 –6 –6

52
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L04Q049)
NF 49. The following tables show the tabular representations of the functions p(x) and q(x).
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
p(x) 35 21 11 5 3 5 11

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
q(x) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) (i) Find the symbolic representation of q(x).
(ii) Given that p(x) is a quadratic function. Find the symbolic representation of p(x).
(b) (i) If r(x) = p(x) + q(x), describe the effect of the transformation on the graph of y = p(x) when
p(x) is transformed to r(x).
(ii) If the graph of y = s(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = r(x) in the positive
direction of the x-axis by 6 units, find the symbolic relation between r(x) and s(x).
(c) Hence, find the symbolic representations of r(x) and s(x).

53
Question Bank

Level 2 Questions

(P01C02L05Q001)
1. It is given that p(x) = x2 + 1, q(x) = 2x – 5 and r(x) = 4x2 – 12x + 10.
(a) Show that r(x) = p[q(x) + 2].
(b) Find the symbolic representation of q[p(x) + 2].
(c) Find the range of possible values of x if r(x)  2q[p(x) + 2].
(d) For the minimum integral value of x in (c), find the value of r[p(x) + q(x)].

(P01C02L05Q002)
k2
2. (a) Given that f(x) = (x  a)(x  b) and a  b = k. Prove that the minimum value of f(x) is  .
4
(b) Let g(x) = x2  6x + 5 and h(x) = (x  3)(x  b), where b < 3.
(i) By the result obtained in (a), if g(x) and h(x) have the same minimum value, find the value
of b.
(ii) Hence, if h(x) = g(x + m) + n, find the values of m and n.

(P01C02L05Q003)
1 2
3. Let f ( x)   x  2 x  6 . In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of
2
y = f(x) in the direction of the x-axis. The graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect at P(0, p). The graph
of y = f(x) cuts the x-axis at Q(q, 0) and R(r, 0). The graph of y = g(x) cuts the x-axis at S(s, 0) and
T(t, 0). It is given that A(a, 6) lies on the graph of y = f(x).

(a) Find the values of a, p, q and r.

(b) (i) Find the symbolic relation between f(x) and g(x).
(ii) Hence, find the values of s and t.

54
 2 Functions and Graphs

(c) (i) Find the area of △PQT.

(ii) If f(x) is transformed to g(x) such that the area of △PQT formed is smaller than that in (c)
(i), suggest a possible function g(x).

(P01C02L05Q004)
4. (a) Let f(x) = a(x  h)2 + k and g(x) = b(x  m)2 + n. If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating
the graph of y = f(x), prove that a = b.
(b) Let F(x) = c(x  s)2 + t and G(x) = 3x2  12x +16. It is given that the graph of y = G(x) is
obtained by translating the graph of y = F(x) in the positive direction of the x-axis by 3 units, and
then in the negative direction of the y-axis by 2 units. Find the values of c, s and t.
(c) Suggest quadratic functions f(x) and g(x) such that the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The graph of y = f(x) passes through (1, 2).
(2) The graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) in the negative
direction of the x-axis, and then in the positive direction of the y-axis.

(P01C02L05Q005)
1 2
5. The figure shows the graphs of y = x2 and y  x .
4

(a) (i) Solve x2 < 1 by adding a suitable straight line on the graph.
(ii) Hence, solve (x  2)(x + 2) < 0.
(Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place.)
(b) (i) Suggest a quadratic function f(x) such that the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The coordinates of the vertex of its graph are (0, 0).
(2) f(x) < 1 for k < x < k, where 0 < k < 1
(ii) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) obtained in (b)(i).

55
Question Bank

(c) For each of the following quadratic function g(x), determine whether the inequality g(x) > 1 is
always true.
(i) g(x) = x2  2x + 6
(ii) g(x) = x2 + 2x + 4
(d) Suggest a quadratic function h(x) such that the inequality h(x) < 4 is always true.

(P01C02L05Q006)
6. (a) It is given that 27x2 – 66x + 40  A(3x – 2)2 + B(3x – 2) + C. Find the values of A, B and C.
(b) Hence, if f(3x – 2) = 27x2 – 66x + 40, find the symbolic representation of f(x).
(c) If the graph of y = f(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = g(x) in the positive direction of
the y-axis by 3 units, find
(i) the symbolic relation between g(x) and f(x),
(ii) the symbolic representation of g(x).
(d) If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = h(x) in the positive direction of
the x-axis by 2 units, find
(i) the symbolic relation between h(x) and g(x),
(ii) the symbolic representation of h(x).

(P01C02L05Q007)
7. (a) It is given that y = ax2 + kax + c, where a ≠ 0. Express the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
of y = ax2 + kax + c in terms of a, c and k.
(b) Let f(x) = 2x2  6x + 3, g(x) = x2  3x  2 and h(x) = f(x) + g(x).
(i) By the result obtained in (a), find the minimum values of f(x) and g(x).
(ii) Show that the minimum value of h(x) is equal to the sum of the minimum values of f(x) and
g(x).
(c) Suggest two quadratic functions such that the result obtained in (b)(ii) is not true.

(P01C02L05Q008)
8. (a) Sandy throws a ball P upwards. After tp seconds, the height (hp m) of the ball P above the ground
is given by hp = 5tp2 + 20tp + 13.
(i) When will the ball P attain its maximum height?
(ii) What is the maximum height reached by the ball P?
(b) When the ball P attains its maximum height, Janis throws another ball Q. After tQ seconds, the
height (hQ m) of the ball Q above the ground is given by hQ = 5tQ2 + 15tQ + 13.
(i) Find the maximum height that can be reached by the ball Q.
(ii) Find the height of the ball P when the ball Q attains its maximum height.
(c) Who will receive her ball first? After how many seconds the other one will receive her ball?

56
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L05Q009)
9. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 + 5x + c which cuts the y-axis at P(0, 8), and passes through
Q(1, k). It is given that Q is reflected about the axis of symmetry of the graph to R.

(a) Find the values of c and k.

(b) (i) Find the axis of symmetry of the graph.
(ii) Hence, find the coordinates of R.
(c) Solve x(x  5)  c  k.
(d) (i) Plot the graph of y = x2 + 5x + c from x = 2 to x = 7.
(ii) Solve x2  5x  c + 4k  0 by adding a suitable straight line on the graph.
(e) Using the result obtained in (d), find the possible values of integer x that satisfy
k + 6 < 3(x + 3)  (1  x)2 < 7k.

(P01C02L05Q010)
10. In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x). It is given that
f(x) = 4x2 – 8x + 3.

(a) (i) Find the symbolic relation between f(x) and g(x).
(ii) Find the symbolic representation of g(x).

57
Question Bank

(b) If the graph of y = h(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = g(x) in the positive direction of
the x-axis by 2 units,
(i) find the symbolic relation between g(x) and h(x),
(ii) find the symbolic representation of h(x).
(c) (i) Solve the inequality g(x) > 12 by adding a suitable straight line on the graph.
(ii) Hence, solve the inequality (x – 3)(x – 1) > 3 without adding any straight lines on the
graph.

58
 2 Functions and Graphs

Multiple Choice Questions

(P01C02L06Q001) C. 3
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of D. 8
x?
A. y=5–x (P01C02L06Q006)
B. 2
y = x + 9x – 12 6. The figure shows the graph of y = ax + b. If
1 f(x) = ax + b, find the value of f(3).
C. y  x3 
x
D. y2 = 4x

(P01C02L06Q002)
2. If f(x) = (x – 1)(2x + 3), find the value of f(5).
A. 7
B. 5
C. 52
D. 20
3
A. 
(P01C02L06Q003) 2
3. If f(x) = ax + b, then f(ax + b) = B. 0
A. ax + b. C. 9
B. a2x + ab + b. D. –9
C. 2 2
a x + 2ax + b . 2

D. 2ax + 2b. (P01C02L06Q007)

7. The figure shows the graph of
(P01C02L06Q004) y = ax2 + bx + c. Determine the signs of a and
4. If g(x + 1) = 2x2 + 4x + 2, then g(x) = c.
NF A. x2.
B. 2x2.
C. 2x2 + 4x + 2.
D. 2x2 + 8x + 8.

(P01C02L06Q005)
5. If f(x) = x3 + kx2 + kx + 1 and f(1) + f(–1) = 8,
find the value of k. A. a < 0, c < 0
A. 0 B. a > 0, c < 0
B. 1 C. a < 0, c > 0
D. a > 0, c > 0

59
Question Bank

(P01C02L06Q008) (P01C02L06Q009)
8. Which of the following may represent the 9. The figure shows the graph of
2
graph of y = ax + bx + c, where ac < 0? y = –x2 + 3x + 4. Find the area of the
rectangle OABC.

A.

A. 9
B. 12
C. 16
D. 6

(P01C02L06Q010)
B.
10. The figure shows the graph of
y = ax2 + bx + c. The coordinates of the vertex
of the graph is (–2, –5). Which of the
following must be true?

C.

I. The axis of symmetry is x = –5.

II. The graph opens downwards.
III. ac > 0
D.
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III only

60
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L06Q011) (P01C02L06Q014)
11. In the figure, the axis of symmetry of the 14. It is given that the function
NF
graph of y = (x  h)2 + k is x = 3. Find the y = (x + 1)2 + 4(x + 1) + 5. Which of the
optimum value of y. following about its graph must be true?
I. The axis of symmetry is x = 3.
II. The graph opens downwards.
III. The coordinates of the vertex are (1, 9).
A. II only
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
A. 4
B. 8 (P01C02L06Q015)
C. 12 15. It is given that f(x) = 4x2 – 4x + 13. Which of
NF
D. 14 the following must be true?
I. The minimum value of f(x) is 12.
(P01C02L06Q012) II. The axis of symmetry of the graph of
12. Which of the following functions has a 1
NF y = f(x) is x =  .
maximum value of –2? 2
A. f(x) = (x + 1)2 – 2 III. The coordinates of the vertex of the
B. 2
f(x) = –(x – 2) + 1 1
graph of y = f(–x) is (  , 12).
C. 2
f(x) = –(x + 1) – 2 2
D. f(x) = (x – 2)2 + 1 A. I and II only
B. I and III only
(P01C02L06Q013) C. II and III only
13. If the axis of symmetry of the graph of D. I, II and III
NF
3
y = 2x2 + kx + 9 is x  , find the value of k.
2 (P01C02L06Q016)
A. 3 16. Find the optimum value of
NF
B. 6 2
y= .
C. –3  ( x  4) 2  6
D. –6 A. maximum value of y = 6
1
B. minimum value of y 
3
C. maximum value of y = 2
D. minimum value of y = 3

61
Question Bank

(P01C02L06Q017) (P01C02L06Q020)
17. It is given that the perimeters of two 20. Which of the following inequality can be
NF rectangles are 36 m and 44 m respectively. solved by adding the straight line y = –3 on
What is the difference between their the graph of y = 3x3 + 2x2 – 5?
maximum areas? A. 3x3 + 2x2 – 8 > 0
A. 40 m2 B. 2x2  –3x3 + 2
B. 64 m2 C. 3 – 2x2 < 3x3
C. 81 m2 D. –3x3 – 2x2  2
D. 121 m2
(P01C02L06Q021)
(P01C02L06Q018) 21. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 – 4x – 5.
18. Which of the graphs of the following Find the largest integer x that satisfies
functions has the maximum number of x- x2 < 4(x + 2).
intercepts?
A. y = 5x2 – 6x + 8
B. y = 9 – 2x
C. y = x3
D. y = 10x – x2

(P01C02L06Q019)
19. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 + 5x.
Solve x2  5x + 6 < 0. A. –2
B. 0
C. 4
D. 5

A. 2<x<3
B. x < 2 or x > 3
C. 1 < x < 6
D. x < 1 or x > 6

62
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L06Q022) (P01C02L06Q024)
22. The figure shows the graph of 24. In the figure, the graphs of y = 2x2 + 3x – 1
y = –2x2 + 5x + 8. Find the number of integral and y = 1 intersect at A(a, 1) and B(b, 1).
solutions of the inequality 5x > 2(x2 + 1). Which of the following is true?

A. 0
B. 1 A.

2 x
2
 3 x  2 , where x  a or x  b
C. 2 

2 x
2
 3 x  2 , where a  x  b

D. 3 B.

2 x
2
 3 x  2 , where x  a or x  b


2 x
2
 3 x  2 , where a  x  b

(P01C02L06Q023) C.
 2
 3 x  2  0 , where x  a or x  b
23. The figure shows the graph of y = x2  4x
2 x


2 x
2
 3 x  2  0 , where a  x  b

which has the minimum value of k. Which D.


2( x
2
 1)  3 x , where x  a or x  b
of the following inequality can be solved by 

2( x
2
 1)  3 x , where a  x  b

adding the straight line y = k + 1 on the

graph? (P01C02L06Q025)
25. If f(x) = x2  7x  4 is transformed to
NF
g(x) = x2  7x + 4, find the symbolic relation
between f(x) and g(x).
A. g(x) = f(x)  8
B. g(x) = f(x) + 8
C. g(x) = f(x  8)
D. g(x) = f(x + 8)

A. x(x  2)  2x + 3
B. x(x  2)  2x  3
C. x(x  3)  x + 5
D. x(x  3)  x  5

63
Question Bank

(P01C02L06Q026) (P01C02L06Q028)
26. If the graph of y = g(x) is obtained by 28. The following tables show the tabular
NF NF
translating the graph of y = f(x) in the representations of functions
negative direction of the x-axis by 2 units, f(x) = (1 – 2x)2 + x(x + 5) and g(x).
find the symbolic relation between f(x) and x 0 1 2 3 4
g(x). f(x) 1 7 23 49 85
A. g(x) = f(x)  2
B. g(x) = f(x) + 2 x 1 2 3 4 5
C. g(x) = f(x  2) g(x) 1 7 23 49 85
D. g(x) = f(x + 2) If f(x) is transformed to g(x), find the
symbolic representation of g(x).
(P01C02L06Q027) A. g(x) = 5x2 + x + 2
27. In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained B. g(x) = 5x2 + x
NF
by translating the graph of y = 2x2 – 2x + 4 C. g(x) = 5x2 + 11x + 7
downwards. Which of the following is the D. g(x) = 5x2 – 9x + 5
symbolic representation of g(x)?
(P01C02L06Q029)
29. It is given that f(x) = x2 – 7x + 10. If the graph
NF
of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the
graph of y = f(x) in the negative direction of
the y-axis by 6 units, find the coordinates of
the vertex of the graph of y = g(x).
19 9
A. ( ,  )
2 4
5 9
B. ( ,  )
A. g(x) = 2x2 – 2x + 7 2 4
B. g(x) = 2x2 – 2x + 1 7 15
C. ( , )
C. g(x) = 2x2 + 10x + 16 2 4
D. g(x) = 2x2 – 14x + 28 7 33
D. ( ,  )
2 4

64
 2 Functions and Graphs

(P01C02L06Q030)
30. In the figure, the graph of y = g(x) is obtained
NF
by translating the graph of y = x2 – 2x in the
direction of the x-axis. If A(0, 3) lies on the
graph of y = g(x), find the symbolic
representation of g(x).

A. g(x) = x2 – 1
B. g(x) = x2 + 4x + 3
C. g(x) = x2 – 8x + 15
D. g(x) = x2 – 4x + 3

65