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Learn Java - Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet - Codecademy PDF

The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming in Java including: 1) Objects in Java have state represented by instance fields and behavior represented by methods. 2) Instances are created using the new keyword and access their own instance fields. 3) The dot notation . is used to access variables and methods of an object. 4) Constructors initialize instances and are called when a new object is created.

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abhi yadav
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484 views

Learn Java - Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet - Codecademy PDF

The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming in Java including: 1) Objects in Java have state represented by instance fields and behavior represented by methods. 2) Instances are created using the new keyword and access their own instance fields. 3) The dot notation . is used to access variables and methods of an object. 4) Constructors initialize instances and are called when a new object is created.

Uploaded by

abhi yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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27/04/2020 Learn Java: Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn Java

Object-Oriented Java
TOPICS

Java objects’ state and behavior


In Java, instances of a class are known as objects. Every object has state and behavior in the form of instance fields and methods
respectively.

public class Person {


// state of an object
int age;
String name;

// behavior of an object
public void set_value() {
age = 20;
name = "Robin";
}
public void get_value() {
System.out.println("Age is " + age);
System.out.println("Name is " + name);
}

// main method
public static void main(String [] args) {
// creates a new Person object
Person p = new Person();

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27/04/2020 Learn Java: Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet | Codecademy

// changes state through behavior


p.set_value();
}
}

Java instance
Java instances are objects that are based on classes. For example, Bob may be an instance of the class Person .
Every instance has access to its own set of variables which are known as instance fields, which are variables declared within the
scope of the instance. Values for instance fields are assigned within the constructor method.

public class Person {


int age;
String name;

// Constructor method
public Person(int age, String name) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Person Bob = new Person(31, "Bob");
Person Alice = new Person(27, "Alice");
}
}

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27/04/2020 Learn Java: Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Java dot notation


In Java programming language, we use . to access the variables and methods of an object or a Class.
This is known as dot notation and the structure looks like this-
instanceOrClassName.fieldOrMethodName

public class Person {


int age;

public static void main(String [] args) {


Person p = new Person();

// here we use dot notation to set age


p.age = 20;

// here we use dot notation to access age and print


System.out.println("Age is " + p.age);
// Output: Age is 20
}
}

Constructor Method in Java.


Java classes contain a constructor method which is used to create instances of the class.
The constructor is named after the class. If no constructor is defined, a default empty constructor is used.

public class Maths {


public Maths() {
System.out.println("I am constructor");
}
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27/04/2020 Learn Java: Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet | Codecademy
}

public static void main(String [] args) {


System.out.println("I am main");
Maths obj1 = new Maths();
}
}

Creating a new Class instance in Java


In Java, we use the new keyword followed by a call to the class constructor in order to create a new instance of a class.
The constructor can be used to provide initial values to instance fields.

public class Person {


int age;

public Person(int a) {
age = a;
}

public static void main(String [] args) {


// Here, we create a new instance of the Person class
Person p = new Person(20);

System.out.println("Age is " + p.age);


// Output: Age is 20
}
}

The body of a Java method


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27/04/2020 Learn Java: Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet | Codecademy
The body of a Java method

In Java, we use curly brackets {} to enclose the body of a method.


The statements written inside the {} are executed when a method is called.

public class Maths {


public static void sum(int a, int b) { // Start of sum
int result = a + b;
System.out.println("Sum is " + result);
} // End of sum

public static void main(String [] args) {


// Here, we call the sum method
sum(10, 20);
// Output: Sum is 30
}
}

Method parameters in Java


In java, parameters are declared in a method definition. The parameters act as variables inside the method and hold the value that
was passed in. They can be used inside a method for printing or calculation purposes.
In the example, a and b are two parameters which, when the method is called, hold the value 10 and 20 respectively.

public class Maths {


public int sum(int a, int b) {
int k = a + b;
return k;
}
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27/04/2020 Learn Java: Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet | Codecademy

public static void main(String [] args) {


Maths m = new Maths();
int result = m.sum(10, 20);
System.out.println("sum is " + result);
// prints - sum is 30
}
}

Java Variables Inside a Method


Java variables defined inside a method cannot be used outside the scope of that method.

//For example, `i` and `j` variables are available in the `main` method only:

public class Maths {


public static void main(String [] args) {
int i, j;
System.out.println("These two variables are available in main method only");
}
}

Returning info from a Java method


A Java method can return any value that can be saved in a variable. The value returned must match with the return type specified
in the method signature.
The value is returned using the return keyword.
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27/04/2020 Learn Java: Object-Oriented Java Cheatsheet | Codecademy

public class Maths {

// return type is int


public int sum(int a, int b) {
int k;
k = a + b;

// sum is returned using the return keyword


return k;
}

public static void main(String [] args) {


Maths m = new Maths();
int result;
result = m.sum(10, 20);
System.out.println("Sum is " + result);
// Output: Sum is 30
}
}

Java method signature


In Java, methods are defined with a method signature, which specifies the scope (private or public), return type, name of the
method, and any parameters it receives.

// Here is a public method named sum whose return type is int and has two parameters a and b
public int sum(int a, int b) {
return(a + b);
}

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