Name: Amelia Amsya Putri Class: TBI 4 A Nim: 1830104003 Logical Fallacies

Name: Amelia amsya putri
Class: TBI 4 A
Nim : 1830104003
Logical Fallacies
1. Hasty Generalization
Making assumptions about an entire group of people, or a range of class based on
an inadequately small sample or conclusion based on an insufficient or nonrepresentative
sample.
Example:
1) My roommate from Maine loves lobster ravioli
2) Therefore, all people from Maine must love lobster ravioli
2. Missing the Point

The premise supports a conclusion other than the one it is meant to support or is
the informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may or my not be logically valid and
sound, but (whose conclusion) fails to address the issue in question.
Example:
1) There has been an moving the area
2) More people are moving into the are
3. Post hoc (False Cause)

A logical fallacy in which one event is said to be the cause of a later event simple
because it occurred earlier.
Example:
1) Attributing the cause of world war II to only Adolf Hitler's hatred of the Jews
2) Explaining that the U.S Civil War was fought only because of slavery
4. Slippery Slope
Falsely assuming that one thing will inevitably lead to another, and another, and
another, until we have reached some unavoidable dire consequence or is an argument that
suggests taking a minor action will lead to major and sometimes ludicrous consequences.
Example:
1) If you buy a Green Day album, then you will buy The Avengers
2) Before you know it, you'll be a punk with green hair and tats
5. Weak Analog
Many argument rely on an analogy between two or more objects, ideas, or
situations. If the two things that are being compared aren't really alike in the relevant
respects, the analog is a weak one, the argument that relies in it commits the fallacy of
weak analog.
Example:
Guns are like hammers, they're both tools with metal parts that could be used to
kill someone. And yet it would be ridiculous to restrict the purchase of hammers, so
restrictions on purchasing guns are equally ridiculous."
6. Appeal to Authority
We add strength to our arguments by referring to respected sources or authorities
and explaining their positions on the issue we're discussing.
Example:
"We should abolish the death penalty. Many respected people, such as actor Guy
Handsome, have publicly stated their opposition to it."
7. Appeal to Pity
This does not refer to appropriately citing an expert, but rather when an arguer
tries to get people to agree with him/her by appealing to a supposed authority who isn't
much of an expert
Example:
"Gun laws should be extremely strict and it should be incredibility
difficult to acquire a gun. Many respected people, such as actor Brad Pitt, have
expressed their support of this movement"
8. Appeal to Ignorance
Attempting to convince an individual to accept a conclusion by making them feel
sorry for someone
Example:
"I know the paper was due today, buy my computer died last week, and
then the computer las was too noisy, so while I was on my way to the library, a
cop pulled me over and wrote me a ticket, and I was so upset by the ticket that I
sat by the side of the road crying for 53 hours! You should give me an a for all the
trouble I've been through!"
9. Ad populum (Bandwagon)
The arguer takes advantage of the desire most people have to be liked and to fit in
with others and uses that desire to try t get the audience to accept his or her argument.
Example:
"Guy marriages are just immoral. 70% of Americans think so!"
10. Ad hominem
Ad hominem is an insult used as if it were an argument or evidence in support of
a conclusion.
Example:
MacDougal roots for a British football team. Clearly he’s unfit to be a
police chief in Ireland.”
11. Tu Quoque
The tu quoque fallacy is an attempt to divert blame, but it really only distracts
from the initial problem. To be clear, however, it isn’t a fallacy to simply point out
hypocrisy where it occurs.
Example:
"But, Dad, I know you smoked when you were my age, so how can you
tell me not to do it?"
12. Straw Man

With the strawman argument, someone attacks a position the opponent doesn’t
really hold.
Example:
The Senator thinks we can solve all our ecological problems by driving a
Prius
13. Red Hearing

A red herring fallacy can be difficult to identify because it’s not always clear how
different topics relate.
Example:
My wife wants to talk about cleaning out the garage, so I asked her what
she wants to do with our patio furniture. Now she’s shopping for new patio
14. False Dicthomy

Dilemma-based arguments are only fallacious when, in fact, there are more than
the stated options.
Example:
"We admit that this measure is unpopular. But we also urge you to note
that there are so many issues on this ballot that whole thing is getting ridiculous."
15. Begging the question
Basically, an argument that begs the question asks the reader to simply accept the
conclusion without providing real evidence, the argument either relies on a promise that
says the same thing as conclusion (which you might hear referred to as "being circular" or
"circular reasoning")
Example:
"Active euthanasia is morally acceptable. It is a decent, ethical thing to
help another human being escape suffering through death"
16. Equivocation
Equivocation means to slide between two or more different meanings of a word or
phrase that is critical to the argument
Example:
"Giving money to charity is the right thing to do. So charities have a right
to our money."

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Name: Amelia Amsya Putri Class: TBI 4 A Nim: 1830104003 Logical Fallacies

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2. Missing the Point

3. Post hoc (False Cause)

12. Straw Man

13. Red Hearing

14. False Dicthomy

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