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    Converting Occupational Exposure Limits From MG

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    majedz

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    Converting Occupational Exposure Limits From MG

    Uploaded by

    majedz
    557 views6 pages

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    Converting Occupational Exposure Limits From Mg

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    557 views6 pages

    Converting Occupational Exposure Limits From MG

    Uploaded by

    majedz

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Converting Occupational Exposure Limits

    from mg/m3 to ppm


    When can I convert mg/m3 to ppm?

    Occupational exposure limits (OELs, TLVs, PELs, etc.) can be expressed in parts per
    million (ppm) only if the substance exists as a gas or vapour at normal room
    temperature and pressure. This is why exposure limits are usually expressed in
    mg/m3. However, some OELs may be expressed in units such as fibres/cc (e.g., for
    asbestos). OELs for metals, salts and other compounds that do not form vapours at
    room temperature and pressure are expressed in mg/m3 only.

    What is the usual way of converting mg/m3 to ppm?

    The ACGIH booklet "Threshold Limit Values (TLVs™) for Chemical Substances and
    Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs™)" uses the formulas:

    (gram molecular weight of substance) x (TLV in ppm)


     TLV in mg/m3 =
    24.45
              24.45 x (TLV in mg/m3)        
     TLV in ppm =
      (gram molecular weight of substance)

    These formulas can be used when measurements are taken at 25°C and the air
    pressure is 760 torr (= 1 atmosphere or 760 mm Hg).

    What is gram molecular weight?

    Gram molecular weight is the molecular weight (MW) expressed in grams. For
    example, the gram molecular weight for toluene is 92.13 g. since the molecular
    weight is 92.13. A gram molecular weight is also called a gram mole.

    How do I convert mg/m3 to ppm at different temperatures and pressures?

    The number 24.45 in the equations above is the volume (liters) of a mole (gram
    molecular weight) of a gas or vapour when the pressure is at 1 atmosphere (760 torr
    or 760 mm Hg) and at 25°C.

    To convert mg/m3 to ppm at other temperatures and pressures, one must calculate
    the volume of 1 gram molecular weight of an airborne contaminant (e.g. 92.13
    grams of toluene) by using the formula:

    V = (RT/ P)
    where R is the ideal gas constant; T, the temperature in  kelvins (273.16 + T°C);
    and P, the pressure in mm Hg. This information can be substituted in the formulas
    for converting between mg/m3 and ppm.

     TLV in mg/m3 = (P/RT) x MW x (TLV in ppm)


    P x MW x (TLV in ppm)
    =
      62.4 x (273.2 + T°C)
    and
     62.4 x (273.2 + TX) x (TLV in mg/m3)
     TLV in ppm =
     P x MW

    where the value of R is 62.4 when the temperature (T) is in kelvins, K (=273.16 +
    T°C), the pressure is expressed in units of mm Hg and the volume is in liters. There
    are different values for the gas constant R if the temperature is expressed degrees
    Fahrenheit (°F) or if other units of pressure (e.g., atmospheres, kilopascals) are
    used.

    So how we should work to transfer ppm to mg/m3 at first let look for example when
    we have concentration of 35 ppm SO2. This mean that in one cubic meter we have 1
    000 000 cubic centimeters. Then if we have 35 ppm this means that in one cubic
    meter there is 35 cubic centimeters of sulfur dioxide – 35 cm3/m3. Now we must
    find how the weight of these 35 cm3 is. And we have 25 degrees and 1 atm.
    pressure. From equation of Klapeyron

    ρ = (M/22.4)*(ToP/PoT) – this give us a density of the gases in different temperature


    and pressure.
    Where:
    M – molecular mass of the stuff
    To – normal temperature – 273K
    Po – normal pressure 1.03 kg/cm2
    T – measured temperature
    P – measured pressure

    Then in 25 Celsius degrees and 1 atm. the equitation will be

    ρ = (64/22.4)*(273*1.03/1.03*298)
    ρ = 2.85*0.916 = 2.617 kg/m3

    So we have found the density of the 35 cubic centimeters of sulfur dioxide and it is
    2.617 kg/m3. Now we could find how is the mass of sulfur dioxide in this 35 cm3:

    1.35 cm3/m3 can be present as 35 x 10-6 m3/m3 = 0.000035 m3/m3


    2.2.617 kg/m3 = 2 617 000 mg/m3
    3.Then 2 617 000 mg/m3 * 0.000035 m3/m3= 91.56 mg/m3 sulfur dioxide
    There is a simple way to calculate this here is the formula:

    Xppm=(Ymg/m3*24.45)/(molecular weight)
    Xmg/m3=(Xppm*molecular weight)/(24.45)

    Conversion Factors*

      25oC,1 atm

    Sulfur dioxide 1 ppm = 2,860µg/m3


    SO2 1mg/m3 = 0.35 ppm

    Carbon Monoxide 1 ppm = 1.145mg/m3


    CO 1mg/m3 = 0.873 ppm

    Nitric Oxide
    1ppm = 1,230 µg/m3
    NO

    Nitrogen Dioxide 1 ppm = 1,880µg/m3


    NO2 1 µg/m3 = 0.000532 ppm

    Benzene 1 ppm = 3.19mg/m3


    C6H6 1mg/m3 = 0.313 ppm

    Hydrogen Sulfide 1ppm = 1.5mg/m3


    H2S 1mg/m3 = 0.670 ppm

    Vinyl Chloride 1ppm = 2.589mg/m3


    VC 1 mg/m3 = 0.386 ppm

    1ppm = 3.75 mg/m3


    Toluene
    1 mg/m3 = 0.226 ppm

    Trichloroethylene (TCE) 1ppm = 5.4mg/m3


    C2HCl3 1mg/m3 = 0.18 ppm

    Tetrachloroethylene 1ppm = 6.78mg/m3


    C2Cl4 1 mg/m3 = 0.14 ppm

    Styrene 1 ppm = 4.2mg/m3


    C6H5.CH=CH2 1mg/m3 = 0.24 ppm

    Formaldehyde 1 ppm = 1.2mg/m3


    HCHO 1mg/m3 = 0.833ppm

    Peroxyacetyl nitrate
    1 ppm = 5mg/m3
    PAN

    Carbon Disulfide 1 ppm = 3.13mg/m3


    CS2 1mg/m3 = 0.32 ppm

    Ethylene dichloride
    1ppm =4.12mg/m3 (at 20oC)
    (1,2-Dichloroethane, DCE)
    1mg/m3 = 0.242 ppm
    C2H4Cl2

    Dichloromethane 1 ppm = 3.47mg/m3


    CH2Cl2 1 mg/m3 = 0.28 ppm

    Ozone
    1 ppm = 2mg/m3
    O3

    *For conversions between ppm, ppb, mg/m3 and ug/m3: MolWeight x PPM = 24.45 x
    mg/m3 or MolWeight x PPB = 24.45 x ug/m3

    Material Safety Data Sheet User's Guide

    Conversion factors

     To convert mg/m3 into ppm at 25°C and 760 mm Hg (101.32


    kPa) *

     To convert ppm into mg/m3 at 25°C and 760 mm Hg (101.32


    kPa) *

    *Only applies to gases and vapours.

     To convert mg/l into mg/m³

     To convert mm Hg into kPa


     To convert °F into °C

     To convert °C into °F

     To convert log Pow into the coefficient of water/oil distribution

     To convert the coefficient of water/oil distribution into log Pow

    Converting Atmospheric Pollutant Concentrations:

    from mg/m3 to ppmv

    The conversion factor depends on the temperature at which you want the conversion
    (usually about 20 to 25 degrees Centigrade). At an ambient pressure of 1 atmosphere, the
    general equation is:

    ppmv = (mg/m3)(273.15 + °C) / (12.187)(MW)

    where :
    ppmv: ppm by volume
    mg/ m3: milligrams of gaseous pollutant per cubic meter of ambient air
    MW: molecular weight of the gaseous pollutant
    ° C: ambient air temperature in degrees Centigrade

    from ppmv to mg/m3

    The conversion factor depends on the temperature at which you want the conversion
    (usually about 20 to 25 degrees Centigrade). At an ambient pressure of 1 atmosphere, the
    general equation is:

    mg/m3 = ( ppmv )(12.187)(MW) / (273.15 + °C)

    where :
    ppmv : ppm by volume
    mg/ m3 : milligrams of gaseous pollutant per cubic meter of ambient air
    MW : molecular weight of the gaseous pollutant
    ° C : ambient air temperature in degrees Centigrade

    NOTES:
    (1) The pollution laws and regulations in the United States typically reference their pollutant limits to an
    ambient temperature of 20 to 25 °C as noted above. However, in other nations, the reference ambient
    temperature for pollutant limits may be 0 °C or other values.
    (2) 1 percent by volume = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume).

    Pressure Conversions:

    Atmospheric pressures may be expressed in a number of different units. The following


    table provides the conversions between seven of the most commonly used units of
    pressure.

      atm psi 1" Hg kPa Bar mm Hg kg/cm2


    1 atm = 1 14.6960000 29.9212600 101.3250000 1.0132500 760.0000000 1.0332280
    1 psi = 0.0680460 1 2.0360210 6.8947330 0.0689470 51.7147500 0.0703070
    1" Hg = 0.0334211 0.4911541 1 3.3863880 0.0338639 25.4000000 0.0345316
    1 kPa = 0.0098690 0.1450380 0.2952999 1 0.0100000 7.5006170 0.0101970
    1 bar = 0.9869230 14.5038200 29.5299900 100.0000000 1 750.0616000 1.0197160
    1 mm Hg = 0.0013160 0.0193370 0.0393701 0.1333220 0.0013330 1 0.0013600
    1 kg/cm2 = 0.9678410 14.2233900 0.0028959 98.0665000 0.9806650 735.5590000 1

    Although not included in the above table:

     1 atmosphere of pressure = 33.90 feet of water = 10.33 meters of water


     1 mm Hg = 1 torr

    Notes:
    atm = absolute pressure, in atmospheres
    psi = absolute pressure, in pounds per square inch
    kPa = absolute pressure, in kilopascals
    bar = absolute pressure, in bars
    mm Hg = absolute pressure, in millimeters of Mercury
    kg/cm2 = absolute pressure, in kilograms per square centimeter

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