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William Shakespeare: King Lear and Macbeth

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William Shakespeare

Is often called England´s national poet and the „ Bard of Avon“ or simply „ The Bard “.

His surviving works consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long narrative poems and several
other poems.

His plays have been translated into every major language and read all over the world.

He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on 23rd April, 1564 as the third child of Mary and John
Shakespeare and was raised in Stratford.

At the age of 18 he married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway who bore him three children:
Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith. Son Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11.

But he left his family behind and travelled to London to become a playwright. In London he
started a very successful career as an actor and writer. He was also part owner of a playing
company called the Lord Chamberlain´s Men, later called the King´s Men. The company built
their own open-air theatre on the south bank of the river Thames – the Globe.

Going to the theatre became very popular in the 1600s and Shakespeare became a very popular
playwright. Even Queen Elizabeth I and King James I admired him very much.

Few records of Shakespeare´s private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation
about such matters as his physical appearance and whether the works attributed to him were
written by others.

When Shakespeare eventually retired and moved back to Stratford, he was a rich and successful
man. He died on April 1616 and is buried at Trinity Church in Stratford.

His plays are often classified as being either tragedies or comedies or historical plays.

Among the best-known tragedies belong Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello,
King Lear and Macbeth.

Famous comedies include The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night´s Dream, The
Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, Much
Ado About Nothing, The Comedy of Errors.

From the big number of historical plays let us name for example Henry VIII. and Richard III.
Romances were named Pericles, The Winter´s Tale, The Tempest.

Shakespeare published narrative poems on erotic themes, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of
Lucrece, A Lover´s Complaint.

Romeo and Juliet differs from the other tragedies because heroes are not destroyed through the
faults in their character but by the hatred of their two families. After the death of the two lovers
comes a reconciliation of the two clans.

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark gets revenge on his uncle for the murder of the king – prince´s
father.

The action of Othello takes place in Venice. Iago whispers to his friend Othello that his wife
Desdemona is unfaithful to him. In a fit of jealousy Othello kills her and when he learns the
truth, he stabs himself to death.

Macbeth tells a story of the Scottish king Macbeth and the path to power through crime.

Shakespeare influenced great world novelists such as Thomas Hardy or Charles Dickens. The
psychologist Sigmund Freud drew on his psychology. The most important translator of
Shakespeare’s plays into the Czech language was Josef Václav Sládek.

The Globe theatre had to face many problems of that times, for example it was destroyed by fire
and burnt to the ground and rebuilt again, or it was closed because of plague. Today, the original
theatre was demolished, but the replica was built and is a popular tourist attraction in London.

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