Book of Abstracts

X SAVETOVANJE O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA
sa regionalnim uĉešćem
Srbija, Vrnjaĉka Banja, Hotel Zvezda
26-30. septembar 2016.
X CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION

with regional participation
Serbia, Vrnjacka Banja, Zvezda Hotel
September 26-30, 2016
ZBORNIK SADRŢAJA REFERATA

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Organizator:
Nacionalni komiteti CIRED Srbije u saradnji sa nacionalnim komitetima CIRED Crne Gore i CIRED Rumunije i
drugim komitetima, kompanijama i struĉnjacima iz zemalja regiona
Organized by:
CIRED National Committee of Serbia and Montenegro in cooperation with CIRED committee of Romania and
other committees, companies and experts from the region
www.ciredserbia.org.rs
Supported by:
Izdavaĉ / Publisher: Nacionalni komitet CIRED Srbija
CIRED Liaison Committee of Serbia
Elektrovojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad
Bulevar OsloboĊenja 100, Tel/Fax: +381(0)21 528556
e-mail: cired.serbia@ev.rs, web: www.ciredserbia.org.rs
Glavni i odgovorni urednik: dr Zoran SIMENDIĆ

Editor in Chief
Priprema i tehniĉka obrada: BBN Congress Management, Deligradska 9, 11000 Beograd

Prepress Tel/Fax: +381(0)11 3629405, 3629402, 2682318
e-mail: bbn@bbn.co.rs, web: www.bbn.co.rs
Dizajn korica / Cover Design: Bojana Marković
Štampa / Printing Office: Štamparija Radunić
Tiraţ / Print run: 400
I M P R E S U M
Zbornik radova objavljen je u elektronskoj formi, zajedno sa elektronskom verzijom Zbornika kratkih sadrţaja referata, na USB-u 10. Savetovanja o
elektrodistributivnim mreţama Srbije.
ISBN i CIP su takoĊe objavljeni na USB-u Savetovanja.
Conference Proceedings are published electronically, together with the electronic version of Book of Abstracts on the flash drive of the 10th
Conference on Electricity Distribution in Serbia.
ISBN and CIP are also published within the Conference flash drive.
2
S AD RŢ AJ / CO N T E NT
SMART GRID FORUM

Moderator / Coordinator: dr Zoran SIMENDIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" Beograd, Ogranak ED Sombor
Izveštaj Foruma ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Forum Report ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
R-F.01
KAKO ZAISTA OVLADATI I UPRAVLJATI PODACIMA O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU
HOW TO REALLY MASTER AND CONTROL DATA OF ELECTRODISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM
S. SPAHIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za strateški razvoj, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Đ. VOZEL, Sl-King, Slovenija,
S. SULJOVIĆ FAZLIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za IKT, Bosnia & Herzegovina,
D. PIHLJAK, JP EPBiH-Operator distributivnog sistema, Bosnia & Herzegovina …………………………………………………………..……… 16
R-F.02
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA RAZLIĈITIH METODA MASOVNOG PRIKUPLJANJA I MAPIRANJA GRAFIĈKIH,
TOPOLOŠKIH I ALFANUMERIĈKIH PODATAKA O ELEMENTIMA DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES MASS GATHERING AND MAPPING GRAPHIC,
TOPOLOGICAL AND ALPHANUMERIC DATA ENTITIES OF ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
V. STOJIĈIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" Beograd, Serbia …………………..………………………………………………………………………… 17
R-F.03
ADMS U FUNKCIJI UPRAVLJANJA DISTRIBUTIVNOM MREŢOM U OKVIRU PROJEKTA SMART CITY NOVI SAD
ADMS IN FUNCTION MANAGING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITHIN THE PROJECT SMART CITY NOVI SAD
M. POROBIĆ, G. JOVANOVIĆ, B. BOGDANOVIĆ, Ţ. TANJGA, S. MANDIĆ
ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia ....................................................................................... 18
R-F.04
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS MOUNTED IN NETWORKS 0, 4kV, A SOLUTION FOR REDUCING THE PURCHASE
OF ELECTRICITY TO COVER INTERNAL TEHNOLOGICAL CONSUMPTION
FOTONAPONSKI PANELI MONTIRANI NA 0,4KV MREŽAMA, REŠENJE ZA MANJU KUPOVINU ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE ZA
POKRIVANJE INTERNE TEHNOLOŠKE POTROŠNJE
Ioan RUSU, Electrica Serv, Romania …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
Struĉna komisija 1 / Expert Committee 1: KOMPONENTE MREŢA

POWER LINES ELEMENTS
Predsednik komisije / Chairman: Prof. dr Dragan TASIĆ, Elektronski fakultet Niš, Serbia
Izveštaj STK 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
EC 1 Report ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Preferencijalna tema 1 / Preferential Subject 1:
Savremene konstrukcije elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa u gradskom i ruralnom podruĉju
Modern power lines elements construction in urban and rural environment
R-1.01
TROFAZNI TRANSFORMATOR SA NAMOTANIM DELTA JEZGROM
THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS WITH IRON COIL CORE
S. JOVIĆ, V. STANOJEVIĆ, V. MARKOVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia ....................................................................... 35
R-1.02
STRUJNI TRANSFORMATOR KAO SISTEM ZA NAPAJANJE ELEKTRONSKOG MERNOG SKLOPA
CURRENT TRANSFORMER APPLIED AS SUPPLYING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRONIC MEASURING EQUIPMENT
K. KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, D. HERCEG, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad
N. PETROVIĆ, d.o.o. ―Energobull‖, Novi Sad, T. PAPIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd, Beograd,
M. PRŠA, Novi Sad, Serbia ……………………………………………......................................................................................………………… 36
R-1.03
JEDNOSTAVNO I EFIKASNO REŠENJE ZA SANACIJU NAPONSKIH PRILIKA U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI
SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR REHABILITATION OF CONDITIONS FOR VOLTAGE REGULATIONS IN
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
A. LEMEZ, Energo-Group d.o.o, Istoĉno Sarajevo,
A. SIMOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Bosnia & Herzegovina .................................................................… 37
I-1.04
SAVREMENI UREĐAJI U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI / MODERN DEVICES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
D. OBRADOVIĆ, J.P. EPS – Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Serbia ............................................................ 39
I-1.05
PОLUPRОVОDNIĈKI TRАNSFОRMАTОR KAO REŠENJE ZA PAMETNE DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSFORMER AS A SOLUTION FOR SMART DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Đ. MARJANOVIĆ, Visoka tehniĉka škola strukovnih studija Poţarevac, Z. JEREMIĆ, EPS Snabdevanje, Serbia ..…......................………. 40
3
I-1.06
UTICAJ KONSTRUKCIJE I USLOVA POLAGANJA NA STRUJNO OPTEREĆENJE KABLOVSKOG VODA
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DESIGN AND LAYING CONDITIONS ON THE CURRENT RATING OF CABLES
A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, J. STANOJEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Serbia ....................................................................................................… 40
I-1.07
KABLOVSKI PRIBOR ZA 72,5KV I TRANSFORMATORE I POSTROJENJA SA IZOLATORIMA SA SPOLJNIM KONUSOM
TRANSFORMER AND SWITCHGEAR OUTER CONE BUSHINGS AND CABLE CONNECTION EQUIPMENT FOR 72,5 Kv
J. GERLITZ, G. WEISS, Nexans Power Accessories Germany GmbH, Germany ......................................................................................... 41
Pouzdanost, dijagnostika i strategija odrţavanja komponenti elektrodistributivnih mreţa
Reliability, diagnosis and strategy for power lines elements maintenance
R-1.08
POJAVA PRENAPONSKIH IMPULSA PRI MANIPULACIJAMA RASTAVLJAĈEM U GASOM IZOLOVANOM
POSTROJENJU TS 110/35 kV „VREOCI“ / OVERVOLTAGE DURING MANIPULATION ON SWITCH
DISCONNECTOR IN GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION “NOVI KALENIC” 35/20KV
D. RISTIVOJEVIĆ, Ogranak „RB Kolubara―, Površ. kopovi, S. VUKOVIĆ, „RB Kolubara―, Ogranak Projekt,
V. PAJIĆ, Ogranak „RB Kolubara―, Površ. kopovi, Serbia …………………………..……………………………………………………….………. 41
R-1.09
INDEKSIRANJE STANJA ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA KAO ALAT UPRAVLJANJA RESURSIMA
POWER TRANSFORMER CONDITION INDEXING AS A ASSET MANAGEMENT TOOL
D. ILIĆ, J. LAZIĆ, V. VASOVIĆ, B. PEJOVIĆ, Đ. JOVANOVIĆ, J. LUKIC, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ,
Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd, Serbia ……………………………..……………………………………………………….……… 42
R-1.10
STRUKTURA JEDNOPOLNIH „H“ ŠEMA TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA VISOKI/SREDNJI NAPON U
„EPS DISTRIBUCIJA“ I PREDLOZI ZA NJIHOVU REKONSTRUKCIJU / STRUCTURE OF SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
OF HV/MV SUBSTATIONS IN "EPS DISTRIBUCIJA" AND PROPOSALS FOR THEIR RECONSTRUCTION
D. PERIĆ, Vipos, Valjevo, M. TANASKOVIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd,
V. KRNAJSKI, JP „Elektromreţa Srbije―, Beograd, Serbia …………………………………………………………………………………….……. 43
I-1.11
REKONSTRUKCIJA TS 20/0,4kV TIPA “LIMENA - BLINDIRANA” U UŢEM GRADSKOM JEZGRU NA PODRUĈJU
OGRANKA ARANĐELOVAC / RECONSTRUCTION OF TS 20 / 0,4 kV TYPE "TIN" IN THE CENTER OF CITY
ON THE AREA BRANCH ARANĐELOVAC
D. PETROVIĆ, G. ŢIVKOVIĆ, JP EPS, Tehniĉki odsek AranĊelovac
I. MIHAJLOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija―d.o.o. Beograd, ogranak AranĊelovac, Serbia …………………………………….……………………. 44
I-1.12
REMONT 110 kV SF6 POSTROJENJA / OVERHAUL OF 110 kV SF6 SWITCHGEAR
M. AKSENTIJEVIĆ, N. STOJANOVIĆ, S. MEĐO, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia ………………………………………..…. 45
R-1.13
ANALIZA SADRŢAJA GASOVA RASTVORENIH U ULJU – ZNAĈAJ U DIJAGNOSTICI POGONSKOG STANJA TRANSFORMATORA
DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS – IMPORTANCE IN DIAGNOSTIC OF TRANSFORMER CONDITION
V. VASOVIĆ, D. MIHAJLOVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, J. LUKIĆ,
Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd, Serbia ……………………………..……………………………………………………………… 46
R-1.14
NAĈINI SANACIJE TEMELJA DALEKOVODNIH STUBOVA UGROŢENIH KLIZIŠTIMA
METHODS OF RECONSTRUCTION THE FOUNDATIONS OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS THREATENED BY LANDSLIDES
DŢ. IMŠIROVIĆ, A. TOKIĆ, I. BEGIĆ, „Elektroprenos BiH― a.d. Banja Luka, Operativno podruĉje Tuzla, BosnIa & Herzegovina ……….… 47
Modelovanje i testiranje elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa / Design and testing of power lines elements
R-1.15
NORMALNI I HAVARIJSKI POGON U KABLOVSKOJ MREŢI 110 kV
NORMAL AND EMERGENCY OPERATION IN CABLE NETWORK 110 kV
M. TANASKOVIĆ, PD ’’Elektrodistribucija Beograd’’, Beograd, Serbia ………………………..……………………………………………….…. 48
R-1.16
IZBOR OPTIMALNOG PRESEKA 110 kV KABLA U GRADSKOM PODRUĈJU I ANALIZA OPRAVDANOSTI PRIMENE
CROSS BONDING-A / SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL 110 kV CABLE CROSS SECTION IN CITY AREAS AND
ANALYZES JUSTIFICATION OF THE USAGE CROSS-BONDING
I. MITIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, M. BOROVIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije,
I. MILANOV, Elektroistok projektni biro, Beograd, Serbia ………………………………………………………………………………………… 49
R-1.17
SOPSTVENE I MEĐUSOBNE IMPEDANSE ELEKTROENERGETSKIH KABLOVA
SELF AND MUTUAL IMPEDANCES OF POWER CABLES
M. STOJANOVIĆ, D. TASIĆ, N. CVETKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Serbia ………………..…………….……………. 50
4
R-1.18
PRIMENA MODERNIH FEM SOFTVERA ZA ODREĐIVANJE OTPORA UZEMLJENJA, NAPONA DODIRA I NAPONA
KORAKA / APPLICATION OF MODERN FEM SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR DETERMINING EARTHING RESISTANCE,
TOUCH VOLTAGE AND STEP VOLTAGE
S. STANIŠIĆ, Informatika a.d, Z. RADAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakulet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Serbia …………………………….………. 51
I-1.19
TIPIZACIJA DOPUNSKIH UZEMLJIVAĈA STUBOVA ZA SREDNJENAPONSKE DISTRIBUTIVNE NADZEMNE VODOVE
IZVEDENE GOLIM PROVODNICIMA / STANDARDIZATION OF SUPPLEMENTARY EARTHED POLES FOR MEDIUM
VOLTAGE OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION LINES PERFORMED BY BARE CONDUCTORS
M. OBRADOVIĆ, D. JOVANOVIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o Beograd, Đ. GLIŠIĆ, Serbia ………………………………….…………….. 52
I-1.20
DODATNA OPREMA I MERNI UREĐAJI ZA DIJAGNOSTIKU STANJA METALOKSIDNIH ODVODNIKA PRENAPONA
SREDNJEG I VISOKOG NAPONA / ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR DIAGNOSTICS
OF THE STATUS OF METAL OXIDE MEDIUM ANDHIGH VOLTAGE SURGE ARRESTORS
V. OSTRAĆANIN, EPS, Tehniĉki centar Kraljevo, S. ĐUROVIĆ, ODS EPS distribucija, ogranak Kraljevo,
D. ĆETENOVIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Ĉaĉak, Serbia ……………………….……………………………………..……………………………. 52
I-1.21
ISPITIVANJE PRIBORA ZA NN SKS PREMA VAŢEĆIM EVROPSKIM STANDARDIMA I PROBLEMI KOD PRIMENE
U SRBIJI / TESTING ACCESSORIES FOR LV ABC APPLICABLE TO EUROPEAN STANDARDS AND PROBLEMS
WITH APPLICATION IN SERBIA
M. PETROVIĆ, ODS EPS distribucija, ogranak Jagodina, Serbia ………………….………………………………………………………………. 53
Uticaj mreţnih komponenti na ţivotnu sredinu / Influence of power lines elements on the environment
R-1.22
NIVOI NEJONIZUJUĆIH ZRAĈENjA U OKOLINI TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA 110/X kV
LEVELS OF NON-IONIZING RADIATION IN VICINITY OF 110/X kV SUBSTATIONS
M. GRBIĆ, D. HRVIĆ, A. PAVLOVIĆ, M. PETROVIĆ, B. VULEVIĆ,
Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd, Serbia ………………….……………..…………………………………………………………… 54
R-1.23
IZBOR STUBOVA U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA SA EKOLOŠKOG ASPEKTA
CHOICE OF TOWERS IN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS REGARDING ECOLOGICAL ASPECT
A. MITROVIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad,
K. KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, N. ĐURIĆ, D. KLJAJIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad
M. PRŠA, Novi Sad, Serbia ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 54
R-1.24
DEKONTAMINACIJA PCB KONTAMINIRANIH ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA U PD ELEKTROVOJVODINA
DECONTAMINTION OF PCB CONTAMINATED POWER TRANSFORMERS IN PD ELEKTROVOJVODINA
J. LUKIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, N. KOVAĈEVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd
D. VORGIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Beograd, D. MATIĆ, JP EPS, Beograd, Serbia ………………………..…………………………. 55
R-1.25
REGENERACIJA OSTARELIH TRANSFORMATORSKIH ULJA DOMAĆIM SORBENTIMA U CILJU PRODUŢENJA ŢIVOTNOG VEKA
TRANSFORMATORA / OIL RECLAMATION PROCESSES WITH DOMESTIC SORBENT APPLIED IN POWER TRANSFORMER LIFE
MANAGEMENT
J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, V. VASOVIĆ, J. LUKIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, J. PLANOJEVIĆ, Proces projekt inţenjering,
Đ. JANAĆKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu Tehnološko-Metalurški fakultet,
Đ. VELJOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu Tehnološko-Metalurški fakultet, Serbia …………………………………………………………………… 56
I-1.26
TRANSPORT ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA / POWER TRANSFORMERS TRANSPORT
M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, B. TASIĆ Energoremont Beograd,
Z. RISTIĆ, PEP, Beograd. D. VUKSANOVIĆ, Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, Beograd, Serbia ……….………..……………………………. 57
I-1.27
MERENJE NIVOA BUKE ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA
MEASURING THE NOISE LEVEL OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, I. BULATOVIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, J. LAZIĆ, Institut Nikola Tesla, Beograd
Z. RISTIĆ, PEP, Beograd, D. VUKSANOVIĆ, Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, Beograd, Serbia ................................................................. 58
I-1.28
ISPITIVANJE NIVOA ELEKTRIĈNIH I MAGNETSKIH POLJA NISKIH UĈESTANOSTI: JEDAN PRIMER ODREĐIVANJA MERNE
NESIGURNOSTI / TESTING OF LOW FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD LEVELS – ONE EXAMPLE OF
DETERMINING MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
B. VULEVIĆ, M. GRBIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla‖, Beograd, Serbia ……………..…………………………………………………. 58
5
Struĉna komisija 1 / Expert Committee 1: KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I ELEKTROMAGNETNA KOMPATIBILNOST
POWER QUALITY AND ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Predsednik komisije / Chairman: Prof. dr Vladimir KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, Serbia
Izveštaj STK 2 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 59
EC 2 Report .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Kvalitet isporuĉene elektriĉne energije (kvalitet napona) – viši harmonici, fliker, propadi napona, skokovi napona, kratki prekidi i drugi
poremećaji u napajanju potrošaĉa – uzroci, prostiranje, imunitet, eliminisanje, iskustva / Quality of delivered power (voltage quality) -
higher harmonics, flicker, voltage sags, short breaks and other deviations in consumer supply – causes, expansion, immunity, elimination
R-2.01
KAKO POSTIĆI PRESTIŢNU POUZDANOST I KVALITET U ISPORUCI ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
HOW TO REACH THE PRESTIGIOUS RELIABILITY AND QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
D. ĈOMIĆ, D. CVETINOV, M. POROBIĆ, Ţ. TANJGA, S. MILIVOJEV,
„EPS Distribucija" d.o.o. Beograd, ODS „EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd, ogranak Novi Sad, Serbia ......................................................... 74
R-2.02
ANALIZA POKAZATELJA KVALITETA ISPORUKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DEES SRBIJE
ANALYSIS OF POWER DELIVERY QUALITY INDICATORS IN DEES SERBIA
M. BAĈLIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija" d.o.o. Beograd, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, M. RADIĆ, JP EPS Beograd, Tehniĉki centar,
Novi Sad, Ţ. POPOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija" d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak "ED Subotica", Subotica, Serbia ................................................ 75
R-2.03
INTERAKCIJA MREŢE I KORISNIKA NA KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
NETWORK AND USER INTERACTION ON POWER QUALITY
J. ĈARNIĆ, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, Novi Sad, R. MILANKOV, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, pogon Zrenjanin,
Kikinda, M. RADOSAVLJEV, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia ................................................................................... 76
R-2.04
ANALIZA KVALITETA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DEREGULISANOM ELEKTROENERGETSKOM SISTEMU
ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY IN THE DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM
B. ĈUPIĆ, Visoka škola elektrotehnike i raĉunarstva strukovnih studija, Beograd, A. MARKOVIĆ, Agencija za energetiku Republike Srbije,
Ţ. MARKOVIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, B. GRUJIĈIĆ, B. ARSIĆ, Elektromreţe Srbije, Beograd, Serbia ....................................... 77
R-2.05
KVALITETA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U INDUSTRIJSKOM SEKTORU / POWER QUALITY IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
I. RAMLJAK, J.P ―Elektroprivreda HZ-HB‖ d.d., Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina ........................................................................................... 78
R-2.06
PROBLEMATIKA MERENJA NAPONA U SREDNJENAPONSKOJ MREŢI SA SLOŢENOPERIODIĈNIM NAPONOM
ISSUES OF VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS AT MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORK WITH NON-SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGE
D. ĈOMIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Novi Sad, Novi Sad,
D. PEJIĆ, Z. MITROVIĆ, B. ANTIĆ, P. SOVILJ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia ............................ 79
R-2.07
MERENJE VIŠIH HARMONIKA NA FAKULTETU TEHNIĈKIH NAUKA U NOVOM SADU
MEASURING HIGHER HARMONICS AT THE FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES IN NOVI SAD
V. A. KATIĆ, Z. ĈORBA, D. MILIĆEVIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, B. POPADIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Univerzitet Novi Sad, Serbia ...................... 81
R-2.08
ANALIZA INDUKOVANE ELEKTROMOTORNE SILE U FAZNIM PROVODNICIMA DISTRIBUTIVNOG NADZEMNOG VODA
USLED POJAVE JEDNOFAZNOG ZEMLJOSPOJA NA VISOKONAPONSKOM PRENOSNOM VODU
ANALYSIS OF INDUCED ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE IN PHASE CONDUCTORS OF DISTRIBUTION OVERHEAD LINE
CAUSED BY PHASE-TO-GROUND FAULT ON HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION OVERHEAD POWER LINE
M. GRBIĆ, A. PAVLOVIĆ, D. SALAMON, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia ................................................ 82
UreĊaji i metode za merenje i monitoring kvaliteta elektriĉne energije (dijagnostiĉke metode, oprema, postupci i sl.)
Devices and methods for measuring and monitoring power quality (diagnostic methods, equipment, steps, etc.)
R-2.09
PRIKAZ FAMILIJE TERENSKIH INSTRUMENATA SOPSTVENOG RAZVOJA ZA REGISTRACIJU KVALITETA ELEKTRICNE
ENERGIJE TROFAZNE MREŢE OD 0.4KV (PO STANDARDU EN50160) SA MOGUCNOŠCU DALJINSKOG OCITAVANJA
PREKO GPRS VEZE / INTRODUCING THE OUTDOOR DEVICE FAMILY DEVELOPED BY OUR COMPANY THAT CAN LOG
THE POWER QUALITY OF A 0,4 KV THREE-PHASE NETWORK VIA GPRS TELEMETERING (EN 50160)
I. ĈASAR, Villbek D.o.o., Segedin, K.PALUŠEK, Palušek inţinjering, Segedin, Hungary .............................................................................. 83
R-2.10
PRIMENA SEMONT SISTEMA ZA MONITORING EM POLJA VISOKIH FREKVENCIJA U OKOLINI TRAFO STANICE 110/x kV
“NOVI SAD 7” / THE SEMONT SYSTEM UTILIZATION FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY EMF MONITORING IN VICINITY OF 110/x kV
“NOVI SAD 7” POWER SUBSTATION
G. NEDIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Novi Sad,
D. ANTIĆ, D. KLJAJIĆ, N. ĐURIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia ................................................. 84
6
Domaća i evropska tehniĉka regulativa o kvalitetu elektriĉne energije (standardizacija, tehniĉki propisi i postupci)
Domestic and European power quality technical regulations (standardization, technical regulations and methods)
R-2.11
KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I PROPISI / POWER QUALITY AND REGULATIONS
R. MILANKOV, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, pogon Zrenjanin, Kikinda, Serbia ............................................................................... 85
Uticaj nedovoljnog kvaliteta na rad potrošaĉa (tehniĉki problemi, energetska efikasnost, pouzdanost, finansijski efekti, odnosi sa
potrošaĉima...) / Influence of insufficient quality to consumers operating – voltage sags, short breaks and other deviations in
consumer supply – causes, expansion, immunity, elimination
R-2.12
ANALIZA UTICAJA KVARA KOMPENZACIJE REAKTIVNE SNAGE NA RAD MODERNIH ELEKTRONSKIH DVOSMERNIH
BROJILA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE / ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION MALFUNCTION ON
WORKING OF MODERN STATIC ELEKCTRICITY METERS
B. HOLIK, ODS „EPS Distribucija― Beograd, S. MARĈETA, ODS „EPS Distribucija― Beograd, ogranak Novi Sad, Serbia .......................... 86
R-2.13
GREŠKE AUTOMATSKE REGULACIJE NAPONA SA PRIMERIMA
ERRORS OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATION WITH EXAMPLES
S. SPREMIĆ, J. P. EPS, Tehniĉki centar N.Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Novi Sad, Serbia .......................................................... 86
Prenaponi i zaštita od prenapona u distributivnim mreţama, elektromagnetna kompatibilnost
Over-voltage and over-voltage protection in power distribution networks, electromagnetic compatibility
R-2.14
PROBLEMI U RADIJALNOJ MREŢI SREDNJEG NAPONA SA IZOLOVANOM NEUTRALNOM TAĈKOM NASTALI USLED
FEROREZONANSE / PROBLEMS IN RADIAL MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL POINT CAUSED
BY FERRORESONANSE
S. MILORADOVIĆ, M. STANKOVIĆ, P.D.‖Termoelektrane i kopovi Kostolac‖ d.o.o., Kostolac, Serbia ......................................................... 87
R-2.15
PROBLEM ZAŠTITE 35 KV POSTROJENJA SA IZOLOVANOM NEUTRALNOM TAĈKOM U PLANINSKOM PODRUĈJU OD
PRENAPONA / AN OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION PROBLEM OF THE 35 KV SUBSTATION WITH INSULATED NEUTRAL
CONNECTED TO OVERHEAD LINE IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIA
M. SAVIĆ, R. KOVAĈIĆ, M. ŢARKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia,
M. MIJIĆ, Elnos BL, Banja Luka, M. BANJANIN, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Istoĉno Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina ... 89
Prikljuĉenje i rad malih elektrana (distribuiranih generatora) i drugih obnovljivih izvora elektriĉne energije i kvalitet elektriĉne energije
(Tehniĉka preporuka 16 i sl.) / Small power plants and other renewable energy sources work and attachment (distributed generators)
and power quality
R-2.16
ANALIZA UTICAJA SOLARNE ELEKTRANE NA KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWER PLANT IMPACT ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORK POWER QUALITY
H. SALKIĆ, A. BIJEDIĆ, A. SOFTIĆ, JP EP BiH Elektrodistribucija Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................... 90
R-2.17
ZAJEDNIĈKI UTICAJ FOTONAPONSKIH SISTEMA I ELEKTRIĈNIH AUTOMOBILA NA HARMONIJSKO IZOBLIĈENJE STRUJA
U URBANIM DISTRIBUTIVNIM SISTEMIMA / SIMULTANEOUS IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS AND ELECTRIC
VEHICLES ON HARMONIC DISTROTION OF CURRENTS IN URBAN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
D. TOVILOVIĆ, N. RAJAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia ........................................................... 91
R-2.18
REGULACIJA NAPONA U NISKONAPONSKIM MREŢAMA SA DISTRIBUIRANOM PROIZVODNJOM
VOLTAGE REGULATION AT LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
I. DIMITRIJEVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Direkcija za upravljanje DEES, Novi Sad,
S. SPREMIĆ, J.P. EPS, Tehniĉki centar N. Sad, Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Novi Sad, Serbia .......................................................... 92
R-2.19
TEHNIĈKI USLOVI PRIKLJUĈENJA I MULTILEVEL INVERTORI U DISTRIBUIRANIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
TECHNICAL CONNECTION CONDITIONS AND MULTI LEVELO INVERTORS IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SOURCES
N. SAVIĆ, V. A. KATIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia ................................................................... 93
I-2.20
UGRADNJA NN ORMANA ZA KOMPENZACIJU U CILJU POPRAVKE FAKTORA SNAGE NA KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU
TS 110/35/10 KV „BEOGRAD 18 – RALJA“ / INSTALLING LV CABINET FOR COMPENSATION WITH A GOAL OF FIXING
CAPACITY FACTOR AT THE CONSUMPTION AREA OF PRIMARY STATION 110/35/10 KV \"BELGRADE 18 - RALJA"
D. VUKOTIĆ*, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, N. VRCELJ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla― a.d. Beograd,
R. TODOROVIĆ, A. MILOJKOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia ........................................................................................ 94
7
I-2.21
KVALITET ISPORUKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU SRBIJE DO 2014. GODINE
QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN 2014 TO SERBIAN
M. RISTIĆ, D. ILIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, G. BJELAJAC, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd,
R. MAKSIMOVIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije-Ogranak RB Kolubara, Beograd, Z. RISTIĆ, PEP, Beograd, Serbia ……..…………………… 95
Struĉna komisija 3 / Expert Committee 3 UPRAVLJANJE I ZAŠTITA

MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION
Predsednik komisije / Chairman: mr Dušan VUKOTIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" Beograd, Serbia
Izveštaj STK 3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 95
EC 3 Report ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 101
R-3.01
OPTIMALNA STRATEGIJA ZA UNAPREĐENJE POUZDANOSTI U DISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA
OPTIMAL STRATEGY FOR HIGHER RELIABILITY IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Ţ. POPOVIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, EPS Distribucija,
S. KNEŢEVIĆ, B. BRBAKLIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Serbia ………………………………………………………………………………. 107
I-3.02
UTICAJ AUTOMATIZACIJE ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE NA POVEĆANJE NJENE POUZDANOSTI NA KONZUMNOM
PODRUĈJU VOJVODINE / RELIABILITY IMPACT OF POWER DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION IN THE CONSUPTION AREA
OF VOJVODINA
A. BOŠKOVIĆ, B. RADMILOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o, Serbia ……………….……………………………………………….…………. 108
I-3.03
PREPORUKE PRI DEFINISANJU OPREME ZA DALJINSKO UPRAVLJANJE SN MREŢOM
RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE DEFINITION OF EQUIPMENT FOR REMOTE CONTROL MV NETWORK
V. MIJATOVIĆ, M. RADUNOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija doo―, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sombor, Serbia ………………..………………. 109
R-3.04
AUTOMATIZACIJA SN MREŢE KROZ UGRADNJU PREKIDAĈA (REKLOZERA) - REALIZACIJA I FUNKCIONALNOST
ZAŠTITE / THE AUTOMATIZATION OF SN NETWORK TROUGH INSTALLATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER (
RECLOSER) - REALIZATION AND PROTECTION FUNCTIONALITY
S. MANDIĆ, S. MILIVOJEV, M. POROBIĆ, EPS distribucija doo Beograd, Ogranak ED Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia .......................……… 110
R-3.05
USKLAĐIVANJE ZAŠTITE I LOKALNE AUTOMATIKE PAMETNIH MREŢA 20 kV SA RADOM TEHNIKE ZEMLJOSPOJNOG
PREKIDAĈA / ALIGNMENT OF PROTECTION AND LOCAL AUTOMATIC SMART GRID 20 kV WITH THE WORK TECHNIQUES
OF EARTHING SWITCHES
M. RADUNOVIĆ, V. MIJATOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija doo―, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sombor, Serbia …………….………..………… 111
R-3.06
KARAKTERISTIĈAN DOGAĐAJ PRI RADU ZEMLJOSPOJNOG PREKIDAĈA / SPECIFIC EVENT IN CASE OF SHUNT OPERATION
D. CVETINOV, Ţ. TANJGA, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Begrad, Ogranak „ED Novi Sad―, Novi Sad, Serbia …….…………….………… 112
R-3.07
INTEGRACIJA INDIKATORA PROLASKA KVARA U OKVIRU SISTEMA DALJINSKOG UPRAVLJANJA (SDU)
GRADA BEOGRADA
INTEGRATION OF FAUL PASSEGE INDECATORS (FPIS) WITHIN SCADA SYSTEM OF DCC "BELGRADE"
D. VUKOTIĆ, G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia …………………………………………………………………. 113
R-3.08
PRIMENA “TOUCHSCREEN” TEHNOLOGIJE U SISTEMIMA ZA LOKALNI NADZOR I UPRAVLJANJE
ELEKTROENERGETSKIM OBJEKTIMA / USAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN TEHNOLOGY IN SYSTEMS FOR LOCAL
MONITORING AND CONTROL OF POWER STATION
D. VOJNOVIĆ, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o, N. JEMUOVIĆ, A. CAR, Institut „Mihajlo Pupin – Automatika― Beograd,
M. KUZMANOVIĆ, G. JOVANOVIĆ, M. MALETIN, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o, Serbia ………………………………………..…………………….. 114
I-3.09
ISKUSTVA SA MODIFIKACIJAMA U PODSTANICAMA KOJE KORISTE TEHNOLOGIJU PROCESNE SABIRNICE
(ĈVRSTA VLAKNA) / SUBSTATION RETROFIT EXPERIENCES USING PROCESS BUS (HARD FIBER) TECHNOLOGY
S. SHOARINEJAD, Araz Energy, Azerbaijan, J. SECO, J. CARDENAS, GE Digital Energy, Spain ………………………..…………………… 115
R-3.10
RASPODELA STRUJE JEDNOFAZNOG ZEMLJOSPOJA DUŢ SREDNJENAPONSKOG NADZEMNOG VODA / DETERMINATION
OF SINGLE PHASE TO GROUND FAULT CURRENT DISTRIBUTION ALONG OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE
N. MUĈALICA, S. LOLIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Begrad, Serbia ……………………………………………….……………………….. 115
R-3.11
PRORAĈUN STRUJE KVARA PRI POJAVI NESIMETRIĈNOG OPTEREĆENJA U OKVIRU SNDM GRADA BEOGRADA / FAULT
CURRENT CALCULATION ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AN ASYMMETRICAL LOAD WITHIN THE MVDN OFF CITY OF BELGRADE
G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, D. VUKOTIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia ……………………………………………………………….. 116
8
R-3.12
MEĐUSOBNA ZAVISNOST UPRAVLJANJA I KOMUNIKACIONE INFRASTRUKTURE U OPERATIVNOM RADU DC 110/35kV
MUTUAL INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN OPERATIONAL WORK AND COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN DC 110 / 35kV
M. JOVANOV, Z. JOVANOVIĆ, „EPS distribucija―, d.o.o Beograd, Serbia ………………………………………………………………………… 117
R-3.13
TELEKOMUNIKACIONI PODSISTEM U OKVIRU SISTEMA ZA AUTOMATIZACIJU ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE NA
KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU VOJVODINE / TELECOMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM WITHIN POWER DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK AUTOMATIZATION SYSTEM IN THE CONSUMPTION AREA OF VOJVODINA
S. DUBAĈKIĆ, A. BOŠKOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o, Serbia ........................................................................................................... 118
R-3.14
PRAĆENJE IZGRADNJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH TRAFOSTANICA PRIMENOM WEB ORIJENTISANOG SOFTVERA
CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS BY WEB ORIENTED SOFTWARE
V. PUSTAHIJA, R. GRAOVAC, V. JOVANOVIĆ, Energoprojekt ENTEL a.d, Serbia …………………………………..………………………. 119
R-3.15
ANALIZA GUBITAKA PO DELOVIMA KONZUMA ODS KORIŠĆENJEM GIS TEHNOLOGIJE
ANALYSIS OF LOSSES WITHIN DSO CONSUMPTION AREAS BY USING GIS TECHNOLOGY
J. STEVIĆ, V. STOJIĈIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija‖, Beograd, Serbia ……………..……………………………………………………………….. 120
Struĉna komisija 4 / Expert Committee 4 DISTRIBUIRANA PROIZVODNJA I EFIKASNO KORIŠĆENJE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENT USE OF POWER
Predsednik komisije / Chairman: dr Ţeljko POPOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" Beograd, Serbia
Izveštaj STK 4 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 120
EC 4 Report ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 126
Integracija distribuiranih izvora elektriĉne energije / Integration of distributed power sources
R-4.01
UTICAJ DISTRIBUIRANE PROIZVODNJE NA GUBITKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI
INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
M. ŠARIĆ, A. ĈOLAKOVIĆ, N. RAHIMIĆ, A. BOLOBAN,
JP EP BiH d.d. Sarajevo, Podruţnica „Elektrodistribucija― Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina ………………...................…………………………. 132
R-4.02
UTICAJ VISOKOG NIVOA PENETRACIJE VARIJABILNIH PV DISTRIBUIRANIH IZVORA NA NAPONSKE PRILIKE
NISKONAPONSKE MREŢE / THE IMPACT OF VARIABILITY PV DISTRIBUTED SOURCE ON VOLTAGE CONDITIONS
OF LOW VOLTAGE NETWORK
J. GAJOVIĆ, S. MIJAJLOVIĆ, EPCG, FC Distribucija, Montenegro ............................................................................................................... 133
R-4.03
MODELOVANJE I PRORAĈUN KRATKIH SPOJEVA DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA S DISTRIBUIRANIM GENERATORIMA
ZASNOVANIM NA TROFAZNIM INVERTORIMA / MODELING AND SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS WITH LARGE NUMBER OF THREE-PHASE INVERTER BASED DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS
L. STREZOSKI, V. KATIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia …………………………….….…………………………… 134
R-4.04
ANALIZA RADA ELEKTROENERGETSKIH DISTRIBUTIVNIH NISKONAPONSKIH MREŢA SA PRIKLJUĈENIM MIKRO I MINI
SOLARNIM ELEKTRANAMA NA PODRUĈJU OPŠTINE TEŠANJ-BiH / ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION LOW
VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH CONNECTED MICRO AND MINI SOLAR POWER PLANT IN THE MUNICIPALITY TEŠANJ- BIH
S. JUSIĆ, F. BEGOVIĆ, JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo, Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, Bosnia & Herzegovina ………… 135
R-4.05
POVEĆANJE KAPACITETA ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE ZA INTEGRACIJU DISTRIBUIRANIH GENERATORA / INCREASE
OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CAPACITY FOR INTEGRATION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
A. BOSOVIĆ, N. HASANSPAHIĆ, M. MEHOVIĆ, M. MUSIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina ………….…… 136
R-4.06
SKLADIŠTENJE ENERGIJE KAO PODRŠKA INTEGRACIJI VETROELEKTRANA U ELEKTROENERGETSKI SISTEM
ENERGY STORAGE IN SUPPORT TO THE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER SYSTEM
J. STANOJEVĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd,
M. MITROVIĆ, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Serbia, ………......……….............……………… 137
R-4.07
ANALIZA TEHNO-EKONOMSKIH USLOVA IZGRADNJE I OCENA OPRAVDANOSTI ULAGANJA U SOLARNE
FOTONAPONSKE ELEKTRANE U REPUBLICI SRBIJI / THE INVESTMENT JUSTIFICATION ESTIMATE AND THE TECHNO-
ECONOMIC ASPECSTS ANALYSIS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
D. MILIĆEVIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, B. POPADIĆ, Z. ĈORBA, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad
B. JANKOVIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Ogranakak ―ED Zrenjanin‖, Serbia ……………………………………………….……………………………… 138
9
R-4.08
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA EKONOMIĈNOSTI INTERMITENTNIH OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE U USLOVIMA
SLOBODNOG TRŢIŠTA / COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES IN COMPLIANCEWITH THE FREE MARKET
J. KUŠIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Serbia ……...............................................………………. 139
R-4.09
TEHNIĈKI I EKONOMSKI ASPEKTI MOGUĆNOSTI IZGRADNJE MALE HIDROELEKTRANE NA RIJECI FOJNICI-OPŠTINA VISOKO-BiH
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE SMALL HIDRO POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POSSIBILITIES ON RIVER FOJNICA-
MUNICIPALITY VISOKO-BiH
S. JUSIĆ, E. HRNJIĆ, JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo – Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, BiH ……............…………………... 140
I-4.10
INTELIGENTNO UPRAVLJANJE DISTRBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA / INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION GRIDS
D. RIESENBERG, ―Bilfinger Mauell GmbH‖, T. LINNEMANN, Germany ...................................................................................................... 141
Efikasno korišćenje elektiĉne enegije i upravljanje opterećenjem / Efficient use of power and load management
R-4.11
MOGUĆNOSTI UŠTEDE ENERGIJE KONTROLOM RASHLADNOG SISTEMA ENERGETSKIH ULJNIH TRANSFORMATORA
POSSIBILITY OF ENERGY SAVINGS BY THE CONTROL OF THE COOLING SYSTEM OF OIL-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS
Z. RADAKOVIĆ, U. RADOMAN, N. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Serbia ……............……………………… 141
R-4.12
GENERALNI MATEMATIĈKI MODEL ZA PRORAĈUN EKONOMSKOG PRESEKA KABLOVA ZA PRIKLJUĈENJE VETROELEKTRANA
NA ELEKTROENERGETSKI SISTEM / GENERAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF
THE ECONOMIC CROSS SECTION OF CABLES FOR CONNECTING WIND FARMS ON THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia ….......………. 142
I-4.13
POLAGANJE KABLOVA U TERMIĈKI NEPOVOLJNIM SREDINAMA
INSTALLATION OF POWER CABLES IN THE THERMAL INHOSPITABLE
D. MALEŠEVIĆ, Z. JANKOVIĆ , ZP „Elektrokrajina― a.d. Banja Luka,
M. ZELJKOVIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― a.d. Trebinje, Bosnia i Herzegovina ………...................……...........……………… 143
R-4.14
OPTIMALNO UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM I SKLADIŠTENJEM ENERGIJE U PAMETNIM SISTEMIMA SA DISTRIBUIRANIM
IZVORIMA ENERGIJE / OPTIMAL CONTROL OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS WITH U SMART
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SOURCES
D. KOTUR, J. MIKULOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija ……….………….……………………………………… 144
R-4.15
OPTIMALNO UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM U PRISUSTVU FOTONAPONSKE ELEKTRANE I SKLADIŠTENJA ENERGIJE
OPTIMAL DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT AND ENERGY STORAGE
V. DURKOVIĆ, Univerzitet Crne Gore, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Montenegro; Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Serbia
N. RAJAKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Serbia …….……………….…………………………………………………. 145
R-4.16
DEKOMPOZICIJA DNEVNOG DIJAGRAMA POTROŠNJE ZA POTREBE UPRAVLJANJA POTROŠNJOM
DECOMPOSITION OF DAILY LOAD DIAGRAM FOR MANAGING CONSUMPTION
A. JEVTIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Beograd, Ţ. JEVTIĆ, B. NIJEMĈEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija Beograd, Serbia ……. 145
Pametna brojila i sistemi za daljinsko oĉitavanje i upravljanje brojilima
Smart meters and systems use for remote control and reading of meters
R-4.17
TEORIJA GRUBIH SKUPOVA KAO ALAT ZA OTKRIVANJE KRAĐE KUPACA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
ROUGH SET THEORY AS A TOOL FOR FRAUD DETECTION OF ELECTRICITY CUSTOMERS
J. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, S. STANKOVIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Tehniĉki centar Niš, Srbija
M. DOĈIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Leskovac, Serbia ….……………………..…………………………………. 147
R-4.18
IZMEŠTANJE MERNIH MESTA NA REGULACIONU LINIJU KAO JEDAN OD NAĈINA ZA SMANJENJE NETEHNIĈKIH GUBITAKA
MEASURING POINT RELOCATION AT THE REGULATORY LINE AS A WAY TO REDUCE LOSSES SHORT CONTENT
Z. SIMENDIĆ, N. KRKLJUŠ, M. VUKAS, L. GAJDOBRANSKI, EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogr. Elektrodistribucija Sombor,
R. NIKOLIĆ, ―JP Elektroprivreda Srbije Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Sombor, Serbia ……………………..………….. 147
R-4.19
EFEKTI IZMJEŠTANJA MJERNIH MJESTA / EFFECTS OF RELOCATION MEASURING POINTS
G. RADIĆ, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj, P. KUNDAĈINA, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje
ZP „Elektro Hercegovina― a.d. Trebinje, D. MILIĆEVIĆ, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj
D. MURATOVIĆ, M ―ERS‖ MP a.d. Trebinje, Bosnia & Hercegovina .......................................................................................................... 148
10
R-4.20
DIJAGRAM TOKA AKTIVNOSTI NA SMANJENJU GUBITAKA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
DIAGRAM OF FLOW OF ACTIVITIES FOR REDUCING ELECTRIC POWER LOSSES
S. SARIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Sremska Mitrovica,
B. SARIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― Beograd Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia ……………….……………………….. 149
R-4.21
PRIMENA TERMOVIZIJSKE KAMERE I NJEN UTICAJ U CILJU LOCIRANJA NEOVLAŠĆENOG KORIŠĆENJA
ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I SMANJENJA NE TEHNIĈKIH – KOMERCIJALNIH GUBITAKA KOD KORISNIKA KOJI SE
NAPAJAJU IZ TS 10/0,4kV LJUBIĆ SELO / APPLICATION OF THERMAL IMAGERS AND ITS IMPACT IN ORDER TO
LOCATE UNAUTHORIZED USE OF ELECTRICITY AND REDUCING NON TECHNICAL - COMMERCIAL LOSSES
FOR THE USER WHO IS CONNECTED TO TS 10 / 0.4 KV LJUBIC VILLAGE
M. RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia ………………………………………………………………………… 150
R-4.22
EFEKTI ANALIZE POTROŠNJE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U OTKRIVANJU NEOVLAŠĆENE POTROŠNJE I ANALIZA
GUBITAKA NA OSNOVU NEOVLAŠĆENOG KORIŠĆENJA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN THE DETECTION OF UNAUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION
ANALYSIS AND LOSSES ON THE BASIS OF UNAUTHORIZED USE OF ELECTRICITY
R. ĐORĐEVIĆ, S. TUCAKOVIC, D. VASIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia ………………..…….………………………… 151
R-4.23
MODELOVANJE DEJSTVA STALNOG MAGNETA / MODELLING OF PERMANENT MAGNET EFFECT
Lj. MLADENOVIĆ, ODS doo Beograd – ogranak Elektrodistribucija Zajeĉar,
D. RAPAIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije – Tehniĉki centar Niš – Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Zajeĉar, Serbia ………………………….………… 152
Struĉna komisija 5 / Expert Committee 5 PLANIRANJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH SISTEMA

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PLANNING
Predsednik komisije / Chairman: dr Aleksandar JANJIĆ, Elektronski fakultet Niš, Serbia
Izveštaj STK 5 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 152
EC 5 Report ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 155
Ravnoteţa izmeĊu razliĉitih kriterijuma pri planiranju distributivne mreţe / Balance between different criteria in distribution network planning
R-5.01
EFIKASNI ALGORITAM ANALIZE TOKOVA SNAGA, MODIFIKOVANI ALGORITAM TOKOVA SNAGA NAHMAN I PERIĆ
EFFICIENT POWER FLOW ALGORITHM, MODIFIED ALGORITHM NAHMAN AND PERIĆ
B. STOJANOVIĆ, M. MOSKOVLJEVIĆ, Tehniĉki opitni centar, T. RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Serbia …………………….….. 158
R-5.02
PROGRAM ZA PROVERU POVEZANOSTI ENERGETSKOG SISTEMA /
PROGRAMME FOR POWER SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY CHECKING
T. RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerzitet Beograd, B. STOJANOVIĆ, Tehniĉki opitni centar, Serbia ……………………………………… 159
R-5.03
PRORAĈUN NESIMETRIĈNIH TOKOVA SNAGA AKTIVNIH TROFAZNIH DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA
ASYMMETRICAL POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF ACTIVE THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
V. C. STREZOSKI, N. R. VOJNOVIĆ, P. M. VIDOVIĆ, Univerzitet Novi Sad, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, Serbia …………………… 160
R-5.04
UTICAJ NAĈINA MODELOVANJA DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA NA PRORAĈUN TOKOVA SNAGA
INFLUENCE OF MODELING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON LOAD FLOW
D. MILOŠEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut Nikola Tesla i Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu,
N. VRCELJ, N. ŠUŠNICA, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd, V. STANOJEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia ….. 161
R-5.05
UPOREDNA ANALIZA HEURISTIĈKIH METODA REKONFIGURACIJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEURISTIC METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION
D. ŠOŠIĆ, P. STEFANOV, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerzizet Beograd, Serbia ……………………………………………….……………….. 162
Minimalni zahtevi energetske efikasnosti pri planiranju / Minimal energy efficiency requirements in distribution networks
R-5.06
PLANIRANJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA U SVETLU EVROPSKE DIREKTIVE O ENERGETSKOJ EFIKASNOSTI
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK PLANNING IN THE LIGHT OF THE EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
A. JANJIĆ, Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Serbia ……………………………………………………………….…………………………… 163
R-5.07
ANALIZA EFEKATA UGRADNJE FIKSNE KOMPENZACIJE NA NISKONAPONSKIM DISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF APPLICATION OF FIXED COMPENSATION ON THE LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
M. BEĈIĆ, F. HIDIĆ, JP EP BiH Podruţnica ED Zenica,
S. ĐEKIĆ, Univerzitet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Bosnia & Hercegovina .....................................................................................................…….. 164
11
R-5.08
PREDLOG MERA ZA SMANJENJE TEHNIĈKIH GUBITAKA U SREDNJENAPONSKOJ DISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI 10 kV
PROPOSED MEASURES FOR TECHNICAL LOSSES REDUCTION IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 10 kV
D. ĆETENOVIĆ, V. MIJAILOVIĆ, A. RANKOVIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Ĉaĉak, Serbia …………………………….……………………….. 164
Upravljanje ţivotnim ciklusom opreme u uslovima neizvesnosti
Asset life cycle management in uncertain environment
R-5.09
VIŠEKRITERIJUMSKO PLANIRANJE AKTIVNOSTI NA ODRŢAVANJU NADZEMNE MREŢE
MULTICRITERIA ACTIVITY PLANING FOR GROUND NETWORK MAINTENANCE
B. KOJIĈIĆ, Istraţivaĉko-razvojni centar ―Alfatec‖, Niš, A. JANJIĆ, Elektronski Fakultet, Univerzizet Niš, Serbia ………..…….…………….. 165
Preferencijalna tema 4 / Preferential Subject 4
Optimizacija distributivne infrastrukture za novi tip potrošaĉa / Distribution infrastructure optimization for a new consumer type
R-5.10
MIKRO MREŢE U ENERGETSKOM SISTEMU SRBIJE: MOGUĆNOSTI I IZAZOVI
MICROGRIDS IN POWER INDUSTRY OF SERBIA: POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES
D. STEVANOVIĆ, EPS, Zajeĉar, A. JANJIĆ, Univerzitet Niš, Elektronski fakultet, Serbia ……………………………………………………… 166
Struĉna komisija 6 / Expert Committee 6 TRŢIŠTE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I DEREGULACIJA

ELECTRICITY MARKETAND DEREGULATION
Predsednik komisije / Chairman: dr Nenad KATIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad, Serbia
Izveštaj STK 6 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 166
EC 6 Report ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 169
R-6.01
REDIZAJN TARIFA KATEGORIJE DOMAĆINSTVO / REDISIGN OF TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD CATEGORY
S. AGANOVIĆ, FERK Mostar, E. AGANOVIĆ, NOSBIHB Sarajevo, Bosnia & Hercegovina …………….……………………………………. 171
R-6.02
ZNAĈAJ DANA SA VELIKIM DOGAĐAJEM NA DEREGULISANOM TRŢIŠTU ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
AN IMPORTANCE OF MAJOR EVENT DAY IN DEREGULATED ELECTRICITY MARKET
J. V. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, M. DOĈIĆ, J. SPIRIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Leskovac, Serbia …………...……. 172
R-6.03
POKAZATELJI POUZDANOSTI I MOGUĆNOST PRIMENE PODSTICAJNIH ŠEMA NA POVEĆANJE POGONSKE
SPREMNOSTI – STUDIJA SLUĈAJA TS 110/35 kV/kV „BEOGRAD 10 – MISLOĐIN“
RELIABILITY INDICES AND APPLICABILITY OF INCENTIVES METHODS TO IMPROVE AVAILABILITY – CASE STUDY
WITH SUBSTATION 110/35 Kv “BELGRADE 10 - MISLODJIN”
M. MINIĆ, Ţ. MARKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, EPS Beograd,
A. MARKOVIĆ, Agencija za energetiku, Beograd, Serbia …………………………………………..……………………………………………… 173
R-6.04
REDUKCIJA GUBITAKA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE KORIŠĆENJEM ADMS OPTIMIZACIONIH APLIKACIJA
POWER LOSSES REDUCTION USING ADVANCED DMS FUNCTIONS
J. KATIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS, Novi Sad, N. KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Univerzitet Novi Sad, Serbia ……………….…………… 173
R-6.05
OBRAĈUN DEBALANSA PROIZVOĐAĈA U SISTEMU PODSTICAJA
SETTLMENT OF PRODUCERS DEBALANCE IN INCENTIVE SYSTEM
N. KRULJ, S. RIKALO, D. MURATOVIĆ, J. LAŢETIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Matiĉno preduzeće a.d. Trebinje, B & H ………. 174
R-6.06
ISKUSTVA SA SNABDEVANJEM POTROŠAĈA PRI OTVARANJU TRŢIŠTA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U SRBIJI
EXPERIENCE WITH CONSUMER SUPPLY IN REFERENCE WITH THE OPENING OF THE POWER MARKET IN SERBIA
N. MILOŠEVIĆ, ―EPS distribucija‖ Beograd – ogranak Subotica, N. KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Univerzitet Novi Sad, Serbia …….… 175
INDEKS AUTORA / INDEX OF AUTHORS …………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… 176
12
Izveštaj Forum Smart Grid
FORUM SMART GRID

Moderator: dr ZORAN SIMENDIĆ
ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sombor, Srbija
dr Aleksandar BOŠKOVIĆ
ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd
Za X Savetovanje o elektrodistributivnim mreţama u organizaciji CIRED-SRBIJA, FORUM SMART GRID dostavljeno je ukupno 6
radova, od kojih 4 pripadaju grupi referata.
Preferencijalne teme za FORUM SMART GRID su:
1. Standardizacija i procesi planiranja
2. Analiza i upravlјanje savremenim Smart Grid sistemima (operativno planiranje, regulacija napona, razmena podataka, novi
sistemi usluga)
3. Telekomunikacija i upravljanje podacima
4. Regulative za priklјuĉenje malih elektrana i dosadašnja iskustva u njihovom radu
Za prvu preferencijalnu temu prihvaćena su dva rada u kategoriji referata. Druga preferencijalna tema razmatrana je takoĊe u dva
rada u kategoriji referata. Za treću preferencijalnu temu nije bilo prihvaćenih radova. Ĉetiri rada, koji su okarakterisani kao referati,
odnose se na petu preferencijalnu temu.
IZVEŠTAJ STRUĈNIH IZVESTILACA
Preferencijalna tema 2:
Analiza i upravlјanje savremenim Smart Grid sistemima
(operativno planiranje, regulacija napona, razmena podataka, novi sistemi usluga)
Struĉni izvestilac: Zoran SIMENDIĆ, P.D. Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad "ED Sombor", Sombor, Srbija
R-F.01 KAKO ZAISTA OVLADATI I UPRAVLJATI PODACIMA O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU KAKO

ZAISTA OVLADATI I UPRAVLJATI PODACIMA O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU
Autori: S. SPAHIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za strateški razvoj, BiH
Đ. VOZEL, Sl-King, Slovenija
S. SULJOVIĆ FAZLIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za IKT, BiH
D. PIHLJAK, JP EPBiH-Operator distributivnog sistema, BiH
U radu je, u pogledu vladanja i upravljanja podacima o elektrodistributivnom sistemu, ukazano na veliki znaĉaj poznavanja
infrastrukture, ustrajavanja na jedinstvenom i nadogradivom rešenju za kompletnu distribuciju, maksimalnog korišćenja svakog
uloţenog truda na prikupljanju podataka i omogućavanja dostupnih alata za evidentiranje objekata.
Pitanja za diskusiju:
1. Kakva su vasa iskustva u primeni GPS ureĊaja za prikupljanje podataka o elektrodistributivnim objektima i vodovima?
2. Na koji naĉin planirate povezivanje Integrisane baze podataka sa SCADA/DMS/OMS sistemom?
R-F.02 KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA RAZLIĈITIH METODA MASOVNOG PRIKUPLJANJA I MAPIRANJA

GRAFIĈKIH, TOPOLOŠKIH I ALFANUMERIĈKIH PODATAKA O ELEMENTIMA DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
Autor: V. STOJIĈIĆ, PD ―EPS Distribucija‖, d.o.o.Beograd, Srbija
U radu je GIS predstavljen kao osnova za sprovoĊenje ideje SMART GRID-a u distributivnom preduzeću. Ukazano je na potrebu
kontinuirаnog unos grаfiĉkih podаtаkа u GIS bаzu i kontinuirаno prikupljаnje podаtаkа o novoj mreţi i o izmenаmа nа postojećoj
distributivnoj mreţi.
1. Na koji naĉin treba rešiti pitanje procedure potrebne u poslovima masovnog prikupljanja nedostajućih podataka o mreţi, a na
koji proceduru aţuriranja promena na podruĉjima gde su već prikupljeni podaci o mreţi?
2. Kako treba rešiti problem potrebe za razliĉitim prikazima – jedan sa taĉnim pozicijama trasa vodova i drugi sa jasnim raspletom
vodova?
13
R-F.03 ADMS U FUNKCIJI UPRAVLJANJA DISTRIBUTIVNOM MREŢOM U OKVIRU PROJEKTA SMART CITY
NOVI SAD ADMS U FUNKCIJI UPRAVLJANJA DISTRIBUTIVNOM MREŢOM U OKVIRU PROJEKTA
SMART CITY NOVI SAD
Autori: M. POROBIĆ*, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Srbija
G. JOVANOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Novi Sad, Srbija
B. BOGDANOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Srbija
Ţ. TANjGA, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Srbija
S. MANDIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Srbija
U radu je ukratko opisano korišćenje SN SCADA i ADMS sistema u PDC Novi Sad. Zajedno sa WALL DISPLAY-om sistem pruţa niz
prednosti u upravljanju elektroenergetskom mreţom, što se vidi na primeru jedne incidentne situacije kada je sistem pokazao svoju
pravu vrednost. Sve to je potkrepljeno podacima o poboljšanja pokazatelja pouzdanosti SAIFI i SAIDI.
1. Da li jedan dispeĉer moţe koristiti ceo raspoloţivi WALL DISPLAY (2x5 monitora) za svoje šeme, ukoliko onom drugom to nije
potrebno?
2. Da li se moţe proceniti koliko je poboljšanje pokazatelja pouzdanosti rezultat uvoĊenja ADMS i SCADA sistema, a koliko drugih
ulaganja u elektroenergetski sistem (zamena stare i dotrajale opreme, remonti, izgradnja alternativnih pravaca napajanja…)
3. Koje DMS funkcije koriste dispeĉeri u svom svakodnevnom operativnom radu, a koje zaposleni na poslovima analize i
pripreme?
4. Da li je izgled simbola u ADMS-u standardizovan i sa ĉime?
Benefiti korišćenja Smart Grid sistema
Struĉni izvestilac: Zoran SIMENDIĆ, P.D. Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad "ED Sombor", Sombor, Srbija
R-F.04 PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS MOUNTED IN NETWORKS 0, 4KV, A SOLUTION FOR REDUCING THE
PURCHASE OF ELECTRICITY TO COVER INTERNAL TEHNOLOGICAL CONSUMPTION
Autor: Ioan RUSU, Electrica Serv, Romania
Rad prikazuje mogućnosti primene fotonaponskih panela u 0,4 kV distributivnoj mreţi. Pored elektriĉnih rad se bavi i mehaniĉkim
problemima postavljanja panela.
1. Koliko je postavljeno fotonaponskih panela u Rumuniji i kolike snage. Od toga koliko u vlasništvu distribucije na njenim
objektima?
2. Da li je operator distributivnog sistema doneo preporuke ili upustva o postavljanju?
3. Da li već ima iskustava sa odrţavanjem fotonaponskih panela?
Forum Smart Grid Report

FORUM SMART GRID
Moderator: dr ZORAN SIMENDIĆ
ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sombor, Srbija
dr Aleksandar BOŠKOVIĆ
ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o. Beograd
For X Conference on Electricity Distribution organized by CIRED Serbia, FORUM SMART GRID, a total of 6 papers were submitted,
out of which 4 belong to the group of reports.
Preferential subjects for FORUM SMART GRID are:
1. Standardization and planning processes
2. Analysis and management of state of the art Smart Grid systems (operational planning, voltage regulation, data exchange, new
service systems)
3. Telecommunication and data management
4. Regulations for connecting small power plants, and the past experience in their operation
14
Two papers were accepted for the first preferential subject in the category of reports. The second preferential subject was also
considered in two papers. No papers were accepted for the third preferential subject. Four papers, in the category of reports refer to
the fifth preferential subject.
REFEREES’ REPORTS
Preferential subject 2:
Analysis and management of state of the art Smart Grid systems
(operational planning, voltage regulation, data exchange, new service systems)
Referee: Zoran SIMENDIĆ, P.D. Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad "ED Sombor", Sombor, Srbija
R-F.01 HOW TO REALLY MASTER AND CONTROL DATA OF ELECTRODISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM
Authors: S. SPAHIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za strateški razvoj, BiH
Đ. VOZEL, Sl-King, Slovenija
S. SULJOVIĆ FAZLIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za IKT, BiH
D. PIHLJAK, JP EPBiH-Operator distributivnog sistema, BiH
In terms of mastering and managing data on the electricity distribution system, the paper emphasizes the great importance of being
familiar with the infrastructure, of persisting on a single and upgraded solution for the entire electricity distribution, of making
maximum efforts for the purpose of data acquisition and providing accessible tools for entry of plants into the register.
Questions for discussion:
1. What kind of experience do you have in implementation of GPS devices for data acquisition concerning electricity distribution
plants and lines?
2. In what way do you plan to connect the Integrated databases with the SCADA/DMS/OMS system?
R-F.02 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES MASS GATHERING AND MAPPING

GRAPHIC, TOPOLOGICAL AND ALPHANUMERIC DATA ENTITIES OF ELECTRIC POWER
Author: V. STOJIĈIĆ, PD ―EPS Distribucija‖, d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia
In the paper, GIS is presented as the basis for conducting the SMART GRID idea within an electricity distribution company. It
emphasizes the need for continuous entry of graphic data into the GIS database and for continuous data acquisition concerning the
new grid, as well as changes in the existing electricity distribution grid.
1. How to handle the procedure required in jobs dealing with mass acquisition of outstanding grid data and how to deal with the
updating procedure in regions where grid data have already been acquired?
2. How to deal with the issue concerning the need for different presentations – the former with accurate items for power line routes
and the latter with clear power line arrangement?
R-F.03 ADMS IN FUNCTION MANAGING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITHIN THE PROJECT SMART CITY NOVI
SAD
Authors: M. POROBIĆ*, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
G. JOVANOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Novi Sad, Serbia
B. BOGDANOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
Ţ. TANjGA, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
S. MANDIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper briefly describes the implementation of MV SCADA and ADMS system at PDC Novi Sad. Together with the WALL
DISPLAY, the system provides many advantages in electricity distribution management, which can be seen in the example of
breakdown when the system proved its actual value. All is supported by data on improved reliability indicators SAIFI and SAIDI.
1. Can one dispatcher use the whole available WALL DISPLAY (2x5 monitors) for his/her schematic diagrams, if the other
dispatcher does not require it?
2. Can it be assessed to what extent are the improved reliability indicators the result of introducing the ADMS and SCADA system,
and to what extent are they the result of other investments in the electric power system (replacement of old and worn out
equipment, overhauls, construction of alternative supply routes…)?
3. Which DMS functions are used by dispatchers in their daily operational work, and which of them are used by employees doing
jobs concerning the analysis and preparation?
4. Is the ADMS symbol image standardized and in what way?
15
Benefits of applying Smart Grid systems
Referee: Zoran SIMENDIĆ, P.D. Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad "ED Sombor", Sombor, Serbia
R-F.04 PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS MOUNTED IN NETWORKS 0. 4KV, A SOLUTION FOR REDUCING THE
PURCHASE OF ELECTRICITY TO COVER INTERNAL TEHNOLOGICAL CONSUMPTION
Author: Ioan RUSU, Electrica Serv, Romania
The paper demonstrates the possibilities provided by applying the 0.4kV photovoltaic panel in electricity distribution. In addition to
electricity issues, the paper also deals with mechanical issues concerning the installation of panels.
1. How many photovoltaic panels have been installed in Romania, and what are their outputs? How many of them belonging to
electricity distribution are installed in their plants?
2. Has the distribution system operator issued any recommendations or guidelines for the installation thereof?
3. Is there already any experience regarding the maintenance of photovoltaic panels?
KRATKI SADRŢAJI REFERATA / ABSTRACTS

R-F.01
KAKO ZAISTA OVLADATI I UPRAVLJATI PODACIMA O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU
Sead SPAHIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za strateški razvoj, BiH

Đana VOZEL, Sl-King, Slovenija
Sanela SULJOVIĆ, JPEPBiH, Sektor za IKT, BiH
Damir PIHLJAK, JP EPBiH, Operator distributivnog sistema, BiH
U radu su opisana interesantna iskustva JP EP BiH-Operatora distributivnog sistema, u rješavanju problema ovladavanja podacima
o elektrodistributivnom sistemu kako kao cjeline, tako i svih njegovih elemenata. Naime, Distribucija je godinama pokušavala da
„jednom i zaista― ovlada (atributivnim i geolokacijskim) podacima o elektrodistributivnom sistemu kojim upravlja ali nikada nismo
uspjevali pronaći adekvatnu metodologiju i organizaciju rada te obezbjediti potrebne alate da to zaista i napravimo. Nakon
višegodišnjih pokušaja i formiranja više „Baza tehniĉkih podataka― za koje smo na kraju uvijek zakljuĉivali da imaju odreĊene
manjkavosti (ili su podaci koje smo prikupljali bili nedostatni ili smo nakon prolaska odreĊenog vremenskog perioda sumnjali u
njihovu vjerodostojnost i aţurnost), prije nekoliko godina smo se opredjelili za metodološki drugaĉiji pristup. Kroz rad su predstavljeni
najinteresantniji detalji primjenjene metodologije i opredjeljenja kao i alata korištenih za uspostavu integrisane baze tehniĉkih
podataka (DEEO)
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: informacija, tehniĉke karakteristike, snimanje, izvor podataka, nastanak dogaĊaja, nadleţnost, pristup podacima.
integrisana baza podataka, GPS ureĊaj, pretraţivanje, eds (elektrodistributivni sistem).
HOW TO REALLY MASTER AND CONTROL DATA OF ELECTRODISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM
The paper describes an interesting experience of EP BiH - Distribution System Operator, in solving the problem of collecting and
managing data on the electrical power system as a whole and all of its elements. The Power Distribution has been for years
attempting to "once and truly" overmaster (attributive and geolocation) data on the electrical power distribution system, but we never
find an adequate methodology and work organization as well as to provide the necessary tools to actually do that. After years of
trying and making various " technical database" which would always proved deficient (or the data that we gathered was insufficient or
we are after a certain period of time doubted their authenticity and accuracy), a few years ago we opted for a different approach
methodology. The paper presents the most interesting details of the methodology applied as well as the tools used for the
establishment of an integrated technical database (DEEO).
Key words: information, technical characteristics, collecting information, data sources, accruals, competence, access to data.
integrated database, GPS device, search.
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R-F.02
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA RAZLIĈITIH METODA MASOVNOG PRIKUPLJANJA I MAPIRANJA GRAFIĈKIH, TOPOLOŠKIH I

ALFANIMERIĈKIH PODATAKA O ELEMENTIMA DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
Vladimir STOJIĈIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" Beograd, Srbija
U radu je data komparativna analiza razliĉitih metodologija masovnog prikupljanja grafiĉkih, topoloških i alfanumeriĉkih podataka o
entitetima distributivne elektroenergetske mreţe svih naponskih nivoa proistekla iz višegodišnjeg iskustva rada u toj oblasti. Opisano
je i analizirano vremensko trajanje postupaka od pripreme potrebnih podataka za izlazak na snimanje mreţe i prikupljanja novih i
nedostajućih podataka o distributivnoj mreţi svih naponskih nivoa. Prikazana je i vremenska zavisnost trajanja postprocesiranja od
upotrebljene metodologije snimanja mreţe na terenu od prenosa prikupljenih podataka do vizualizacije prikupljenih podataka u GIS
ili CAD softveru. Prikazana je i zavisnost trajanja prikupljanja podataka na terenu od samog obima zahtevanih podataka. Prikazane
su i metode unosa podataka u GIS kao i procesi koji su potrebni za uspostavljanje inicijalnog stanja u GIS softveru. Analizirani su
troškovi svake metode prikupljanja podataka i njihova zavisnost od broja ekipa, sastava ekipa, metode snimanja, obima prikupljenih
podataka, upotrebe opreme (GPS) i angaţovanja sopstvenih i spoljnih resursa Analizirana je i taĉnost i preciznost prikupljenih
podataka i njihova zavosnost od metodologije snimanja kao i analiza grešaka u mapiranju mreţe. Analizirani su i rezultati snimanja i
njihova upotrebljivost u proraĉunima u planiranju i optimizaciji mreţe, analizi potrošnje, kao i analizi netehniĉkih i tehniĉkih gubitaka
kao i navigaciji dispeĉerskih ekipa i .evidenciji kvarova.
Kljuĉne reĉi: GIS,CAD,GPS.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES MASS GATHERING AND MAPPING GRAPHIC,

TOPOLOGICAL AND ALPHANUMERIC DATA ENTITIES OF ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
The paper presents a comparative analysis of different methodologies of massive gathering of graphic, topological and alphanumeric
data entities of electric power distribution networks of all voltage levels, stem from many years of experience working in this field.
The paper describes and analyzes the duration of proceedings from preparing the necessary data for recording networks to
collecting new and missing data on the distribution network of all voltage levels. It also displays the time dependence of duration of
post-processing on used methodology of network recording on the field from transfer of collected data to the visualization of the
collected data into a GIS or CAD software. The dependence of the duration of the field data collection on the scope of the required
data is shown. The paper also presents methods of entering data into the GIS as well as processes which are necessary to establish
the initial state in GIS software. We analyzed the costs of each method of data collection and their dependence on the number of
teams, team composition, methods of recording, the volume of data collected, the use of equipment and engagement of own and
external resources. The analysis of the accuracy and precision of the collected data and their dependence on the methodology of
recording and analysis of errors in the network mapping. We analyzed the results of the recording and their usability in calculations
of planning and network optimization, analysis of consumption, as well as the analysis of technical and non-technical losses as well
as navigation of dispatching teams and records of failures.
Key words: GIS, CAD, GPS.
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R-F.03
ADMS U FUNKCIJI UPRAVLJANJA DISTRIBUTIVNOM MREŢOM

U OKVIRU PROJEKTA SMART CITY NOVI SAD
M. POROBIĆ, G. JOVANOVIĆ, Ţ. TANJGA, S. MANDIĆ

ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Srbija
U okviru projekta Smart City Novi Sad i integracije VN i SN SCADA sistema u okviru DMS softvera unapreĊen je sistem nadzora,
kontrole i upravljanja distributivnom mreţom grada Novog Sada i okolnih naselja. Objekti koji su imali prioritet pri uvoĊenju u SN
SCADA sistem su mesta normalno otvorenih taĉaka u mreţi kao i mesta na izvodima sa velikim brojem kvarova. Upravljanje
objektima u toku planiranih i neplaniranih radova je olakšano.
ObezbeĊivanje besprekidnog napajanja kupaca elektriĉnom energijom nije moguće ni sa tehniĉkog, ni sa ekonomskog stanovišta.
Potreba, zadatak ali i izazov svih tehniĉkih lica koji uĉestvuju u projektu Smart City Novi Sad je poboljšanje vrednosti pokazatelja
pouzdanosti u isporuci elektriĉne energije na zadovoljavajući nivo. Povećanje vrednosti pomenutih pokazatelja su krajnji cilj sa
tehniĉke, ali i ekonomske perspektive upravljanja distributivnom mreţom.
U okviru ADMS prikaza, koji se koriste za dipeĉersko upravljanje, predstavljeni su svi bitni rasklopni elementi, njihovi statusi i merene
veliĉine posmatranog EEO kako bi brzina i taĉnost upravljanja bile zadovoljavajući. Pored prikaza jednopolnih šema EEO, poseban
znaĉaj ima i jedinstven prikaz kompletne distributivne mreţe Novog Sada bez EEO u pripadajućim pogonima, sa svim upravljivim i
neupravljivim objektima na šemi elektriĉnih veza EEO kao i iste šeme na geografskoj podlozi. U okviru modernizacije dispeĉerskog
centra ED "Novi Sad" u primenu je ušao video zid. Prikaz elektriĉnih veza objekata distributivne mreţe u okviru ADMS softvera
prikazuje se na video zidu. Na ovaj naĉin je znatno olakšana vizuelna navigacija kroz distributivnu mreţu u odnosu na prikaz iste na
monitoru personalnog raĉunara. Daljinski upravljivi objekti su grafiĉki uoĉljiviji.
Prva faza projekta obuhvata 48 objekata tipa TS SN/NN, linijske rastavljaĉe snage, reklozere kao i daljinski upravljive lokatore kvara.
U nastavku projekta lista EEO se proširuje za 28 objekata pri ĉemu se deo nalazi u okviru pogona Beĉej. Nova verzija ADMS sadrţi
integraciju dosadašnja dva razdvojena prikaza distributivne mreţe grada Novog Sada i pogona Beĉej u jedan, prikazan kao logiĉka
šema elektriĉnih veza na geografskoj podlozi.
Ulaganjem u mreţu poboljšava se kvalitet isporuke elektriĉne energije krajnjim potrošaĉima u zakonskim i tehniĉkim okvirima, uz
poštovanje društveno odgovornih normi.
Kljuĉne reĉi: ADMS, pokazatelji pouzdanosti, upravljanje distributivnom mreţom.
ADMS IN FUNCTION MANAGING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITHIN THE PROJECT SMART CITY NOVI SAD
Within the project Smart City Novi Sad and integration of HV and MV SCADA systems in DMS software, the system for control and
monitoring of distribution network of the city Novi Sad and surrounding are improved. Objects of priority in the introduction of the MV
SCADA control system are those, which state in the network are normally open as well as feeders with large number of failures.
Controlling of objects becomes easier during planned and unplanned works in the network.
Uninterrupted electricity supply of customers is not possible from technical or economical point of view. Necessity, task and
challenge for all technical staff involved in the project Smart City Novi Sad is improvement of reliability indicators in delivery of
electricity supply. Improvement of these parameters is the final goal for technical and economical perspective of monitoring the
distribution network.
In the single line diagram in ADMS, used for dispatch control, essential elements of network are presented with their statuses and
measured values in purpose of gaining speed and accuracy for controlling the network. Beside single line diagram of EEO, there is a
view of the complete distribution network of Novi Sad with all objects, monitored or manually guided, on the logical scheme and on
scheme on geographical base. Last year, as the modernization of dispatching center of ED ―Novi Sad‖, a video wall was installed
and brought it into use. Video wall shows schemes of electrical connections of objects in the distribution network implemented in
ADMS software. This view enables much easier visual navigation through distribution network in regards to the same view on the
monitor of the personal computer. EEO with remote control function are marked and easily visible.
The first phase of the project includes 48 objects such as substation MV/LV, power line disconnections, reclosers and remote-fault
locators. Next phase of project includes 28 new objects where the part of them is located within the Beĉej subsidiary. The new
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version of ADMS software merge two separated view of distribution network of the city Novi Sad and Beĉej presented in a single line
scheme on the geographical background.
Investments in the network improve the quality of electricity supply to final consumers in terms of legal and technical, but in socially
responsible norms.
Key words: ADMS, reliability indicators, control of distribution network.
R-F.04
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS MOUNTED IN NETWORKS 0, 4KV, A SOLUTION FOR REDUCING THE PURCHASE OF
ELECTRICITY TO COVER INTERNAL TEHNOLOGICAL CONSUMPTION
Ing. Ioan RUSU

Electrica Serv, SISE Muntenia Nord, Romania
Distribution operators work at voltage level 0,4-110kV by take over electricity from National Grid (SEN) and direct from zonal power
plants for feeding final customers. In electricity distribution system 0,4-110kV there are technical power losses and also internal
energy consumption for relays, electric motors etc., forming total internal energy consumption (IEC) of distribution operator. The
electricity for cover IEC must buy and pay by distribution operator and complete the financial balances, respectively the monthly
profit. An optimal solution to reduce electricity acquisition for cover IEC is to use photovoltaic panels in 0,4kV network of distribution
operators.
Keywords: power losses, photovoltaic panel, 0,4kV network.
Izveštaj STK 1
Struĉna komisija 1:
KOMPONENTE MREŢA
Predsednik komisije: Prof. dr Dragan TASIĆ, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Srbija
Za X Savetovanje o elektrodistributivnim mreţama u organizaciji CIRED-SRBIJA, Struĉnoj komisiji 1 "ELEMENTI
ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA" dostavljen je ukupno 28 radova, od kojih 16 pripadaju grupi referata, a preostalih 12 tehniĉkim
informacijama.
Preferencijalne teme za Struĉnu komisiju 1 su:
1. Savremene konstrukcije elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa u gradskom i ruralnom podruĉju.
2. Pouzdanost, dijagnostika i strategija odrţavanja elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa.
3. Modelovanje i testiranje elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa.
4. Uticaj elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa na ţivotnu sredinu.
5. Elementi za smart grid (smartgrids).
Za prvu preferencijalnu temu prihvaćeno je sedam radova, od kojih su tri referata i ĉetiri informacije. Druga preferencijalna tema je
razmatrana u sedam radova, od kojih pet pripadaju kategoriji referata, a dva informacijama. Sedam radova, od kojih su ĉetiri
okarakterisani kao referati i tri kao informacije, odnose se na treću preferencijalnu temu. Za ĉetvrtu preferencijalnu temu prihvaćeno
je sedam radova, od toga ĉetiri referata i tri informacije, dok za petu preferencijalnu temu nije bilo prijavljenih radova.
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Savremene konstrukcije elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa u gradskom i ruralnom podruĉju
Struĉni izvestilac: Ljiljana FUNDUK, ODS EPS Distribucija, Beograd, Srbija
R-1.01 TROFAZNI TRANSFORMATOR SA NAMOTANIM DELTA JEZGROM

Autori: S. JOVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
U radu su predstavljeni transformatori sa delta jezgrom. Navedene su njihove osnovne prednosti i mane. Pogodni su za izradu
distributivnih transformatora manjih snaga. Imaju manje gubitke u odnosu na klasiĉne konstrukcije. Proizvodnja transformatora sa
delta jezgrom je već poĉela u nekim zemljama.
Pitanje za diskusiju:
1. Koliko bi ovakva konstrukcija trebalo da bude jevtinija u nabavci od klasiĉne, s obzirom na manji utrošak materijala?
R-1.02 STRUJNI TRANSFORMATOR KAO SISTEM ZA NAPAJANJE ELEKTRONSKOG MERNOG SKLOPA

Autori: K. KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, D. HERCEG, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad
N. PETROVIĆ, d.o.o. ―Energobull‖, Novi Sad
T. PAPIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o Beograd, Beograd
M. PRŠA, Novi Sad, Srbija
U ovome radu je pokazano da se strujni transformator moţe koristiti za napajanje elektronskog mernog sklopa. Prikazana su
ispitivanja dva sliĉna strujna transformatora, sa torusnim jezgrom od magnetski mekog materijala, uske histerezisne petlje, na koje je
namotan namotaj sa više otcepa. Prvi model strujnog transformatora je bio sa otcepima na 25, 50, 75 i 100 zavojaka, dok je drugi
imao 100, 150 i 200 zavojaka. Meren je napon na namotaju transformatora, i ustanovljeno je pri kojoj jaĉini struje i pri kom broju
zavojaka je napon na prikljuĉcima transformatora dovoljan za napajanje mernog sklopa, a kad napajanje preuzima baterija. Osim
toga, odreĊeno je i pod kojim uslovima dolazi do zasićenja feromagnetskog jezgra. Na osnovu svega toga je definisan pootreban
broj zavojaka transformatorskog namotaja.
1. Rad obraĊuje praktiĉnu primenu strujnog transformatora za napajanje elektronike registracionog ureĊaja korišćenjem
indukovanog napona na krajevima sekundarnog namotaja. Kakvi će se efekti pojaviti u sluĉajevima ekstremno velikih struja
primara (npr. kratki spojevi) i da li to moţe dovesti do problema u napajanju elektonike?
R-1.03 JEDNOSTAVNO I EFIKASNO REŠENJE ZA SANACIJU NAPONSKIH PRILIKA U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ

MREŢI
Autori A. LEMEZ, Energo-Group d.o.o, Istoĉno Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
A. SIMOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina
U ovom radu prikazan je novi sistem,samoupravljivi regulator energije „sistem VROT-18―, koji je namijenjen za upravljanje
naponskim prilikama u niskonaponskoj mreţi, simetriranju opterećenja duţ voda gde se ugraĊuje, za eliminisanje povratne struje po
neutralnom provodniku za potrošaĉe prikljuĉene iza ureĊaja „sistema VROT-18‖, za poboljšanje uslova rada zaštite, kao i
selektivnosti zaštite, te je namenjen i za zaštitu potrošaĉa od previsokog napona kod kratkih spojeva izmeĊu faznog i neutralnog
provodnika. Naroĉito bitno je da se odlikuje velikim stepenom prenosa maksimalne snage po niskonaponskom vodu. Primena
sistema povećava energetsku efikasnost i omogućava uštede u investiranju
1. Da li su ureĊaji opisani u radu već negde ugraĊivani i ako jesu koliko godina su u radu i kakva su iskustva u dosadašnjoj
eksploataciji?
2. Da li postoje neka negativna iskustva?
3. Osim navedenog standard EN 50160 koji se odnosi na kvalitet elektriĉne energije, koje standarde u smislu drugih ispitivanja
zadovoljava opisani ureĊaj?
I-1.04 SAVREMENI UREĐAJI U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI

Autor: D. OBRADOVIĆ, J.P. EPS – Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Srbija
U radu je prikazano kako je primena savremenih materijala i ureĊaja u elektrodistributivnoj delatnosti unapredila zaštitu ţivotne
sredine, pouzdanost i povećala uštede. Prikazani su vakuumski prekidaĉi, SF6 oprema, silikon-kompozitni izolatori, suvi
transformatori, i dr.
1. Koji su podaci iz prakse što se tiĉe pouzdanosti i ušteda (npr. koliko je smanjen broj kvarova vakuumskih u odnosu na
malouljne prekidaĉe)?
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I-1.05 PОLUPRОVОDNIĈKI TRАNSFОRMАTОR KAO REŠENJE ZA PAMETNE DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
Autori: Đ. MARJANOVIĆ, Visoka tehniĉka škola strukovnih studija Poţarevac
Z. JEREMIĆ, EPS Snabdevanje, Srbija
Savremeni Smart grid distributivni sistemi i sve veći broj distribuiranih izvora prikljuĉenih na distributivnu mreţu, podstiĉu na
razmišljanje o upotrebi nove vrste transformatora razvijene na bazi energetske elektronike pod nazivom Sоlid Stаtе Trаnsfоrmer
(SSТ). Osnovne karakteristike SST-a su da nemaju jezgro ni namotaje, da imaju samoregulaciju napona i mogućnost da otklone
probleme kvaliteta elektriĉne energije. U ovom radu je predstavljena osnоvna strukturа i moguće kоnfigurаciје SST-a, njegova
funkcionalnost i primenljivost u distributivnoj mreţi. Izvršeno je i uporeĊenje SST sa klasiĉnim energetskim transformatorom u nameri
da se ukaţe na prednosti i mane SST-a.
1. Kolike su snage do sada razvijenih SST-a?
2. Kakva su iskustva autora sa praktiĉnom primenom SST-a?
I-1.06 UTICAJ KONSTRUKCIJE I USLOVA POLAGANJA NA STRUJNO OPTEREĆENJE KABLOVSKOG VODA

Autori: A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, J. STANOJEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija
U radu je analiziran uticaj konstrukcije kabla, kao i uslova polaganja na mogućnost njegovog strujnog opterećenja. Za proraĉun
strujnog opterećenja korišćen je matematiĉki model koji obuhvata proraĉun temperature provodnika, odnosno njegove elektriĉne
otpornosti, termiĉkih otpora i elektriĉnih gubitaka elemenata kabla. Demonstrirana je primena predstavljenog modela na primeru
praktiĉnog kablovskog sistema. Rad je koristan kao informacija osobama koje se bave planiranjem i projektovanjem, jer na jednom
mestu opisuje sve faktore koji utiĉu na odreĊivanje prenosne moći kablovskog voda 35kV.
1. Na koji naĉin se rešava problema smanjene prenosne moći kablovskih vodova zbog grupnog polaganja na izlasku iz
transformatorske stanice?
I-1.07 KABLOVSKI PRIBOR ZA 72,5KV I TRANSFORMATORE I POSTROJENJA SA IZOLATORIMA SA

SPOLJNIM KONUSOM
Autori: J. GERLITZ, G. WEISS, Nexans Power Accessories Germany GmbH, Germany
Ekonomski aspekti napajanja, kod obnovljivih izvora energije, postaju sve vaţniji. S obzirom na to da se oĉekuje da će naponski
nivoi vetroelektrana većih snaga dostići 72,5kV neophodno je da se, zbog ograniĉenog prostora, povezivanje opreme vrši na
optimalan naĉin. Zbog toga se u radu ukazuje na razvoj novog sistema za povezivanje opreme na 72,5kV, kako bi se zadovoljile
potrebe za većom snagom vetroelektrana, kao i potrebe kupaca, poboljšala efikasnost i fleksibilnost sistema i pojednostavio
postupak instaliranja. Autori konstatuju da postrojenja za naponski nivo od 72,5kV mogu biti kompaktna kao i ona za srednji napon.
U radu se navodi da razvoj novog konusa F tipa moţe ostvariti efikasnu vezu provodnog izolatora i spoljašnjeg razvoda, kao i
opreme za povezivanje kabla napona 72,5kV.
Pouzdanost, dijagnostika i strategija odrţavanja elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa
Struĉni izvestilac: Mr Miodrag STOJANOVIĆ, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Srbija
R-1.08 POJAVA PRENAPONSKIH IMPULSA PRI MANIPULACIJAMA RASTAVLJAĈEM U GASOM

IZOLOVANOM POSTROJENJU TS 110/35 kV „VREOCI“
Autori: D. RISTIVOJEVIĆ, Ogranak „RB Kolubara―, Površ. Kopovi, S. VUKOVIĆ, „RB Kolubara― Ogranak Projekt
V. PAJIĆ, Ogranak „RB Kolubara―, Površ. Kopovi, Srbija
U radu je obraĊena veoma interesantna tema. Autori ukazuju da se pri manipulacijama rastavljaĉem u SF6 postrojenjima, zbog
višestrukog paljenja i gašenja elektriĉnog luka formiraju impulsi trajanja reda nanosekundi dosta visokog gradijenta, što predstavlja
veliki nedostatak postrojenja u SF6 tehnici. Ukazano je na posledice koje izaziva pojava ovih prenapona, kao i na zahteve za
sprovoĊenje adekvatnih mera za spreĉavanje negativnih posledica ove pojave.
1. Koja oprema je korišena pri merenjima i na koji naĉin su izvršena merenja?
2. Da li su autori pronašli još neku referencu koja se bavi ovom temom?
R-1.09 INDEKSIRANJE STANJA ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA KAO ALAT UPRAVLJANJA RESURSIMA

Autori: D. ILIĆ, J. LAZIĆ, V.VASOVIĆ, B. PEJOVIĆ, Đ. JOVANOVIĆ, J. LUKIC, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ
Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd, Srbija
U radu je predstavljena ideja uprošćenog prikaza stanja energetskog transformatora uvoĊenjem indeksa zdravlja - numeriĉke
vrednosti kojom se kvantifikuje trenutno stanje. Autori su uspešno objasnili potrebu za novim naĉinima vrednovanja stanja opreme,
kao preduslova za primenu tehnike odrţavanja prema stanju. Naravno, primena ove tehnike u Srbiji je, po mišljenju samih autora,
tek u povoju, budući da je potrebna obimnija dijagnostika, kao i povezivanja rezultata sa obimom radova na odrţavanju.
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1. Na koji naĉin su dobijeni teţinski koeficijenti u Tabeli 1?
R-1.10 STRUKTURA JEDNOPOLNIH „H“ ŠEMA TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA VISOKI/SREDNJI NAPON U

„EPS DISTRIBUCIJA“ I PREDLOZI ZA NJIHOVU REKONSTRUKCIJU
Autori: D.PERIĆ, Vipos, Valjevo
M. TANASKOVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
V. KRNAJSKI, JP „Elektromreţa Srbije―, Beograd, Srbija
Najveći broj TS sa H šemom izgraĊen je sedamdesetih godina prošlog veka i predstoji im rekonstrukcija, kako zbog stanja opreme, tako i
zbog moguće drugaĉije uloge u elektroenergetskom sistemu Srbije. Pri rekonstrukciji i izboru novih jednopolnih šema, kao jedan od
kriterijuma za izbor, svakako se mora uvaţiti pouzdanost TS 110/35 kV. Proraĉunom pouzdanosti za H šeme razmatrane su ĉetiri grupe:
1) simetriĉne šeme (HS) sa po dva dalekovodna i transformatorska i jednim spojnim poljem, 2) šeme za prvu fazu gradnje (HM – "H
minus") sa jednim transformatorskim i dva dalekovodna (DV) polja, 3) šeme sa dograĊenim trećim vodom – zbog nemogućnosti
izgradnje nove TS (HP – "H plus") sa dva transformatorska polja i sa tri DV polja i 4) šeme sa dva popreĉna spojna polja (HD – "H
duplo") sa po dva DV, dva transformatorska i dva popreĉna spojna polja. Zbog poreĊenja razliĉitih šema, pored proraĉuna
pokazatelja pouzdanosti, šeme su rangirane prema postupku zasnovanom na Pareto višekriterijumskoj optimizaciji. Kao kriterijum
korišćeni su prekid tranzita, prekid pune snage i koeficijent cene opreme, koji daje pribliţnu ocenu investicionih troškova cele TS.
1. Kako su autori odredili koeficijent cene opreme?
2. Da li koeficijent cene opreme moţe da pruţi realnu ocenu investicionih troškova cele TS?
I-1.11 REKONSTRUKCIJA TS 20/0,4kV TIPA “LIMENA - BLINDIRANA” U UŢEM GRADSKOM JEZGRU NA

PODRUĈJU OGRANKA ARANĐELOVAC
Autori: D. PETROVIĆ, G. ŢIVKOVIĆ, JP EPS, Tehniĉki odsek AranĊelovac
I. MIHAJLOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija―d.o.o. Beograd, ogranak AranĊelovac, Srbija
Autori istiĉu da je na podruĉju Ogranka AranĊelovac prisutno više objekata TS 20/0,4kV tipa ―limena - blindirana‖ u uţem gradskom
jezgru. Transformatorske stanice su starije gradnje, proizvedene 70-ih godina prošloga veka, sa dotrajalom konstrukcijom
(graĊevinskim delom) i dotrajalom rasklopnom opremom na srednjenaponskoj strani. Nakon redovnih pregleda transformatorskih
stanica 20/0,4kV došlo se do saznanja o lošem stanju u kojem se SN rasklopna oprema nalazi. Zbog toga se u radu izlaţe rešenje
koje je izabrano za rekonstrukciju TS 20/0,4 kV. Autori ukazuju na prednosti rešenja sa ugradnjom SN bloka izolovanog SF6 gasom.
1. Koliko je vremenski trajala rekonstrukcija jedne TS 20/0,4 kV?
2. Da li je pre izbora predloţenog rešenja rekonstrukcije TS 20/0,4kV vršena tehno-ekonomska analiza mogućih tehniĉkih rešenja
i ako jeste šta je ona sve obuhvatala?
I-1.12 REMONT 110 kV SF6 POSTROJENJA

Autori: M. AKSENTIJEVIĆ, S. MEĐO, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
N. STOJANOVIĆ, JP EPS Beograd, Srbija
U radu je opisan postupak remonta metalom oklopljenih postrojenja izolovanih SF 6 gasom koja su u eksploataciji u mreţi 110kV
EDB. Data je konfiguracija predmetnih postrojenja i sadrţaj remonta koji je sproveden. Izvršeni radovi su obavljeni na osnovu ranije
poznatih podataka, ali i na osnovu nepravilnosti uoĉenih po ispitivanju i otvaranju postrojenja. Osim provere, merenja i ispitivanja
radnih parametara na rasklopnoj opremi, posebnu paţnju predstavljaju radovi na otklanjanju kvarova na instalaciji SF6 gasa. Imajući
u vidu da se u Srbiji u skorijoj budućnosti oĉekuje ugradnja više ovakvih postrojenja, od znaĉaja će biti publikovanje iskustava tokom
odrţavanja i eksploatacije istih.
1. Da li su u odreĊenim gasnim zonama ĉistoća i vlaţnost SF6 gasa bili ispod dozvoljenih vrednosti? Ako jesu, u kojim?
2. Da li su na ovim postrojenjima uoĉeni eventualni problemi na strujnim mernim transformatorima, imajući u vidu da kod klasiĉnih
postrojenja na otvorenom mogu predstavljati element sa većom verovatnoćom otkaza?
R-1.13 ANALIZA SADRŢAJA GASOVA RASTVORENIH U ULJU – ZNAĈAJ U DIJAGNOSTICI POGONSKOG

STANJA TRANSFORMATORA
Autori: V. VASOVIĆ, D. MIHAJLOVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, J. LUKIĆ
Kod uljem punjenih transformatora gasnohromatografska analiza ulja predstavlja jedno od najvaţnijih ispitivanja koje se koristi
prilikom utvrĊivanja pogonskog stanja transformatora. Ovom tehnikom je omogućeno pravovremeno otkrivanje kvarova u
transformatoru, ĉime se izbegavaju veće havarije i iznenadni i neplanirani ispadi. Principi tumaĉenja rezultata dobijenih
gasnohromatografskom analizom ulja zasnivaju se na ĉinjenici da na povišenim temperaturama i prilikom elektriĉnog praţnjenja
dolazi do degradacije izolacionog ulja Analiza sadrţaja gasova rastvorenih u ulju, vrlo je ĉesto prvi pokazatelj da je u transformatoru
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prisutan kvar, ali i kolika je ozbiljnost kvara. Prilikom tumaĉenja rezultata gasnohromatografske analize, izmerene koncentracije
gasova u ulju moraju se posmatrati zajedno, odnosno raĉunanjem karakteristiĉnih odnosa gasova. IzvoĊenje zakljuĉaka o tipu kvara
posmatranjem koncentracije nekog gasa individualno lako moţe dovesti do greške. Ukoliko se na osnovu rezultata analize sadrţaja
gasova u ulju dobija atipiĉna šifra kvara, u zavisnosti od vrste gasova prisutnih u ulju, test gasiranja ulja moţe dosta pomoći u
otklanjanju sumnje da li je u transformatoru prisutan kvar ili je samo reĉ o afinitetu ulja da izdvaja gasove u uslovima blagog grejanja
na temperaturama koje nisu po definiciji u opsegu temperatura kvarova
1. Koliko informacija o radu relejne zaštite doprinosi zakljuĉcima do kojih dovodi gasnohromatografska analiza ulja?
2. Koliki su troškovi ove analize?
R-1.14 NAĈINI SANACIJE TEMELJA DALEKOVODNIH STUBOVA UGROŢENIH KLIZIŠTIMA

Autori: DŢ. IMŠIROVIĆ, A. TOKIĆ, I. BEGIĆ,
„Elektroprenos BiH― a.d. Banja Luka, Operativno podruĉje Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina
U radu se ukazuje na problem i daje rešenje naĉina sanacije temelja stubova dalekovoda. Zavisno o dinamici i intenzitetu kliznih
procesa, sama stubna mesta, odnosno temelji trpe sile i naprezanja koja prouzrokuju pomeranja temelja, kao i deformacije na
konstrukciji samog stuba. Autori pokazuju da ne treba vršiti sanaciju sanaciju ĉitavog klizišta, niti napuštati trasu dalekovoda već da
se problem moţe rešiti sprovoĊenjem sanacionih aktivnosti na temelju i konstrukciji samog stuba.
1. Da li je posle sprovoĊenja sanacionih aktivnosti na temelju i konstrukciji samog stuba dolazilo do pojave klizišta terena? Ako
jeste da li su vršena ispitivanja saniranih temelja i kakvi su rezultati tih ispitivanja?
2. Od ĉega zavise i koliki su troškovi sanacije temelja i konstrukcije stuba?
Modelovanje i testiranje elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa
Struĉni izvestilac: Vladimir ŠILJKUT, JP EPS
R-1.15 NORMALNI I HAVARIJSKI POGON U KABLOVSKOJ MREŢI 110 kV

Autori: M. TANASKOVIĆ, PD ’’Elektrodistribucija Beograd’’, Beograd, Srbija
Od uvoĊenja VN kablova u energetski sistem Srbije (EDB Beograd) stvoreni su uslovi da struĉnjaci Srbije koriste i primenjuju
inostrana iskustva u eksploataciji visokonaposnskih kablova. Tokom izrade projektne dokumentacijie, nabavke i polaganja VN
kablova struĉnjaci Srbije su ovladali ovom materijom i dali svoj doprinos u razvoju visokonaposnkih kablova. Nastali su mnogi radovi
koji su objavljeni u IEEE i drugim ĉasopisima i skupovima. Proizvedeni su i prvi domaći 110kV kablovi sa XLPE izolacijom kao i
prateći kablovski pribor, osvojene su nove metode istraţivanja efekata nastalih u izolacionom sistemu kabla, dati su novi prilazi u
mogućnostima bolje eksploatacije kablova i pribora, uvoĊenje monitoringa, dijagnostike i sl. Ovaj rad je nastavak procesa rada na
visokonaponskoj kablovskoj mreţi. Referat posmatra strujno opterećenje 110kV kablova poloţenih u zemlju, u snopu (trouglu). Bilo
bi dobro da u nekom od narednih radova da vezu ili komentar opterećenja kablova poloţenih u zemlji i kablova koji delom idu kroz
vazduh.
1. Prema rezultatima proraĉuna vrednost dozvoljenog strujnog opterećenja u zimskom period dobijena metodom konaĉnih
elemenata se znatno razlikuje od vrednosti dobije po IEC I VDE, dok se u letnjem period te vrednosti malo razlikuju. Da li autor
moţe da objasni znaĉajnu razliku koja se javlja za proraĉune u zimskom period?
R-1.16 IZBOR OPTIMALNOG PRESEKA 110 kV KABLA U GRADSKOM PODRUĈJU I ANALIZA

OPRAVDANOSTI PRIMENE CROSS BONDING-A
Autori: I. MITIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, JP Elektromreţa Srbije
M. BOROVIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije
I. MILANOV, Elektroistok projektni biro, Beograd, Srbija
Autori istiĉu da na izbor tipa i preseka provodnika kabla utiĉe više tehniĉkih i ekonomskih faktora. Kako je razvoj kablovske mreţe
naponskog nivoa 110 kV neminovan u većim gradovima na teritoriji Republike Srbije, postavlja se pitanje da li je prihvatljivo odluĉiti
se za samo jedan tip kabla i popreĉni presek provodnika koji bi se koristio u gradskim sredinama za napajanje dve transformatorske
stanice 110/x kV. Odluka bi se mogla donetni tek nakon detaljne analize dozvoljenih strujnih opterećenja podzemnih vodova, koji bi
bili saĉinjeni od kablova tipa XHE 49-A, razliĉitih popreĉnih preseka aluminijumskih provodnika. Zbog toga je u radu vršena analiza
trajno dozvoljene struje kablova postavljenih u snopu za sluĉaj kada je izvršena transpozicija kablova (cross bonding), kao i za sluĉaj
kada nije primenjena transpozicija kablova.
1. Da li se rešenje koje autori predlaţu moţe smatrati optimalnim ili jednim od prihvatljivih?
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R-1.17 SOPSTVENE I MEĐUSOBNE IMPEDANSE ELEKTROENERGETSKIH KABLOVA
Autori: M. STOJANOVIĆ, D. TASIĆ, N. CVETKOVIĆ
Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Srbija
U radu su izloţene metode za proraĉun sopstvene i meĊusobnih impedansi elektroenergetskih kablova. Razmatran je sluĉaj
proraĉuna polaganja VN kablova u ravnoj formaciji što se u praksi reĊe koristi. No sluĉaj je interesantan za praksu gde ne moţe da
se izbegne polaganja kablova u snopu (trouglu) i ovi proraĉuni su od posebne vaţnosti. Bilo bi dobro da autori u nekom budućem
radu daju uporedne rezultate proraĉuna za oba sluĉaja polaganja kablova (u ravni i u snopu).
1. Da li su autori imali numeriĉkih poteškoća kod izraĉunavanja sopstvenih i meĊusobnih impedansi za primer prikazan u radu?
R-1.18 PRIMENA MODERNIH FEM SOFTVERA ZA ODREĐIVANJE OTPORA UZEMLJENJA, NAPONA DODIRA I
NAPONA KORAKA
Autori: S. STANIŠIĆ, Informatika a.d., Z. RADAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakulet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
U radu je prikazan deo mogućnosti koje pruţa primena programa zasnovanih na metodi konaĉnih elemenata (finite element method
– FEM) za odredjivanje raspodele potencijala u okolini uzemljivaĉa - izvedene veliĉine iz raspodele potencijala su otpor uzemljenja,
napon dodira i napon koraka. Kao ilustracije softvera baziranog na FEM metodi, izvršeno je modelovanje sledećih elementarnih
uzemljivaĉa: cevnog u homogenom tlu, konturnog u homogenom tlu i konturnog u dvoslojnom tlu. Pored toga, analiziran je i mreţni
uzemljivaĉ sa cevima, kao realan uzemljivaĉ u transformatorskim stanicama 11/0.4 kV, koji se instalira u urbanim sredinama, sa
kablovskom mreţom.
1. Da li postoje bitne razlike u rezultatima proraĉuna primenom FEM metode i pribliţnih formula koje se koriste u praksi?
I-1.19 TIPIZACIJA DOPUNSKIH UZEMLJIVAĈA STUBOVA ZA SREDNJENAPONSKE DISTRIBUTIVNE

NADZEMNE VODOVE IZVEDENE GOLIM PROVODNICIMA
Autori: M. OBRADOVIĆ, D. JOVANOVIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o Beograd
Đ. GLIŠIĆ
Ovim radom dat je prikaz tipizacije dopunskih uzemljivaĉa stubova sa blok temeljom bez armature od metala i blok temeljom sa
armaturom od metala za srednjenaponske distributivne nadzemne vodove izvedene golim provodnicima, a sve u cilju izmena i
dopuna Teniĉke preporuke broj 9 Direkcije za distribuciju elektriĉne energije JP EPS.
1. Da li su autori vršili neke proraĉune ili merenja (otpornost uzemljivaĉa, raspodela potencijala i sl.) za uzemljivaĉe koje predlaţu?
2. Da li autori imaju praktiĉna iskustva sa ovakvim uzemljivaĉima?
I-1.20 DODATNA OPREMA I MERNI UREĐAJI ZA DIJAGNOSTIKU STANJA METALOKSIDNIH ODVODNIKA

PRENAPONA SREDNJEG I VISOKOG NAPONA
Autori: V. OSTRAĆANIN, EPS, Tehniĉki centar Kraljevo, Srbija
S. ĐUROVIĆ, ODS EPS distribucija, ogranak Kraljevo, Srbija
D. ĆETENOVIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Ĉaĉak, Srbija
U rad je dat opis metaloksidnih odvodnika prenapona, naĉin njihovog prikljuĉenja i pregled metoda za nadzor njihovog stanja.
Ukazuje se da je neophodno insistirati da se uz odvodnike prenapona isporuĉuju i ureĊaji koji direktno daju uvid u stanje odvodnika
prenapona, a po mogućstvu i da vrše dijagnostiku.
1. Koliko bi isporuka ureĊaja koji direktno daju uvid u stanje odvodnika prenapona, odnosno vrše monitoring, povećala cenu
odvodnika prenapona.
I-1.21 ISPITIVANJE PRIBORA ZA NN SKS PREMA VAŢEĆIM EVROPSKIM STANDARDIMA I PROBLEMI KOD
PRIMENE U SRBIJI
Autori: M. PETROVIĆ, EPS ED Jagodina, Srbija
Rad daje pregled osnovnih stnadarda za pribor, kao i pregled metoda za ispitivanje NN SKS. Autor ukazuje da ne postoje valjani
dokazi da pribor koji se proizvodi u Srbiji ispunjava potrebne standarde, navodeći da proizvoĊaĉi nemaju dovoljno opremljene
fabriĉke laboratorije, gde bi sprovodili rutinske testove u toku proizvodnje, kao i da ne postoji odgovarajuća akreditovana domaća
laboratorija.
1. Da li su potrebna ispitivanja i prema SRPS EN 50483-4 i prema NF C 33-020 ako se u tehniĉkim specifikacijama za javne
nabavke jasno razdvajaju zahtevi za konstrukciju i zahtevi za ispitivanja?
2. Da li bi bilo potrebno da se namontiran element pribora za NN SKS oznaĉi peĉatom sa brojem i licencom montera koji je taj
element pribora montirao?
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3. Da li se elementi pribora za NN SKS mogu koristiti više puta npr. montaţa-demontaţa-montaţa?
Uticaj elemenata elektrodistributivnih mreţa na ţivotnu sredinu
Struĉni izvestilac: Prof. dr Dragan TASIĆ, Elektronski fakultet, Niš
R-1.22 NIVOI NEJONIZUJUĆIH ZRAĈENjA U OKOLINI TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA 110/X kV

Autori: M. GRBIĆ, D. HRVIĆ, A. PAVLOVIĆ, M. PETROVIĆ, B. VULEVIĆ
Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd, Srbija
U radu su analizirani nivoi nejonizujućih zraĉenja industrijske frekvencije, koji se javljaju u okolini transformatorskih stanica 110/x kV.
Analiza je zasnovana na rezultatima merenja jaĉine elektriĉnog polja i magnetne indukcije u okolini nekoliko transformatorskih
stanica pomenutog naponskog nivoa. U cilju procene izloţenosti stanovništva nejonizujućem zraĉenju, dobijeni rezultati su
uporeĊeni sa referentnim graniĉnim nivoima propisanim u Republici Srbiji. Cilj sprovrdene analize je donošenje opštih zakljuĉaka o
nivoima nrjonizujućih zraĉenja koji se mogu javiti u okolini pomenutih transformatorskih stanica, kao i ocenjicanje usaglašenosti ovih
nivoa sa nacionalnom regulativom iz oblasti zaštite stanovništva od nejonizujućih zraĉenja.
1. Da li su autori pokušali da proraĉunaju vrednosti jaĉine elektriĉnog polja i magnetne indukcije na nekim od mesta gde su vršili
merenja i da ih uporede sa izmerenim vrednostima?
R-1.23 IZBOR STUBOVA U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA SA EKOLOŠKOG ASPEKTA

Autori: A. MITROVIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad
K. KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, N. ĐURIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad
D. KLJAJIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad
M. PRŠA, Novi Sad, Srbija
Rad se bavi odreĊivanjem raspodele elektriĉnog i magnetnog polja u prostoru oko faznih provodnika najĉešće korišćenih
distributivnih stubova u našoj zemlji. Ispitivanje je raĊeno za šest razliĉitih tipova distributivnih stubova koji nose oznake B1 LSP-
24N, C2, E6, EN-20, NL-13 i SA LSP-24. Zbog uporeĊivanja rezultata posmatran je isti naponski nivo (20 kV), jednako strujno
opterećenje (350 A) i fazni provodnici istih popreĉnih preseka (Al/Ĉe 95/15 mm2). Pri tome je smatrano da je najniţi fazni provodnik
svake konfiguracije postavljen na visinu od šest metara iznad zemlje. Svi proraĉuni su izvršeni numeriĉki, koristeći COMSOL
Multiphysics 3.5a raĉunarski programski paket. Proraĉunom je pokazano da svi stubovi sa svojim konfiguracijama faznih provodnika
zadovoljavaju ograniĉenja o nejonizujućim zraĉenjima, odnosno da su maksimalne vrednosti modula vektora jaĉine elektiĉnog polja
manje od 2000 V/m, a maksimalne vrednosti modula vektora magnetne indukcije su manje od 40 µT za svaki ispitani distributivni
stub.
1. Da li su autori pokušali da izvrše proraĉun primenom pribliţnih relacija za raspodelu jaĉine elektriĉnog polja i magnetgne
indukcije i ako jesu kolika su odstupanja u odnosu na rezultate dobijene numeriĉkim proraĉunom?
2. Da li su autori u mogućnosti da rezultate svojih proraĉuna uporede sa eksperimentalnim rezultatima?
R-1.24 DEKONTAMINACIJA PCB KONTAMINIRANIH ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA U PD

ELEKTROVOJVODINA
Autori: J. LUKIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, N. KOVAĈEVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola
Tesla’’, Beograd, Srbija
D.VORGIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Beograd, Srbija
D. MATIĆ, JP EPS, Beograd, Srbija
Problem u ekspoloataciji PCB kontaminiranih transformatora postaje posebno ozbiljan ukoliko je transformator neispravan, ima loše
karakteristike izolacionog sistema i curi, jer tada je povećan rizik od zagaĊenja okolnih medijuma (zemljišta, vode, ţivog sveta),
havarije transformatora i ekološkog akcidenta. Znaĉajan je broj transformatora u elektroenergetskom sistemu koji ima neki od
nabrojanih problema. Ĉesto su izraţeni problemi pregrevanja izolacije (termiĉki kvarovi u bakarnim namotajima, na kontaktima
regulatora napona, u magnetnom kolu...), gubitka izolacionih svojstava papirno-uljnog dielektrika usled povišene ovlaţenosti ili
prisustva elektro-provodnih kontaminanta koji nastaju degradacijom sumpornih jedinjenja u izolacionom ulju, te je za neke
transformatore primena postupka dekontaminacije hitna, u cilju smanjenja rizika eksploatacije. Proces PCB dekontaminacije u
osnovi mora da bude tehnološki projektovan tako da se u limitiranom vremenu transformator nakon dekontaminacije vrati u pogon.
To podrazumeva da data tehnologija treba da zadovolji sledeće: 1) dekontaminaciju transformatora na licu mesta u periodu kada je
moguće iskljuĉenje u limitiranom vremenskom periodu, što zahteva postrojenje odgovarajućeg kapaciteta, 2) postizanje visokog
stepena konverzije PCB-a radi efikasne dekontaminacije uzimajući u obzir moguć efekat „povratnog curenja PCB― i porast
koncentracije PCB u ulju tokom dalje eksploatacije transformatora, što se ispituje minimum nakon tri meseca pogona, 3) dubinsko
preĉišćavanje dekontaminiranog ulja i povratak izolacionih svojstava ulju, kao teĉnom dielektriku radi vraćanja transformatora u
eksploataciju, što zahteva postojanje terenske laboratorije za optimizaciju procesa i kontrolu kvaliteta PCB dekontaminiranog ulja. U
25
radu su prezentovani rezultati dekontaminacije PCB kontaminiranih transformatora izvršene procesom dehlorinacije ulja pomoću
mobilnog postrojenja
1. Koliki su troškovi dekontaminacije PCB kontaminiranih transformatora i od ĉega oni zavise?
R-1.25 REGENERACIJA OSTARELIH TRANSFORMATORSKIH ULJA DOMAĆIM SORBENTIMA U CILJU

PRODUŢENJA ŢIVOTNOG VEKA TRANSFORMATORA
Autori: J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, V. VASOVIĆ, J. LUKIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd
J. PLANOJEVIĆ, Proces projekt inţenjering, Srbija
Đ. JANAĆKOVIĆ, Đ. VELJOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu Tehnološko-Metalurški fakultet, Srbija
Tokom eksploatacije transformatora dolazi do postepenog pogoršanja karakteristika izolacionog ulja. Zbog toga, neophodno je vršiti
redovnu periodiĉnu kontrolu, kako bi se utvrdila brzina promena vrednosti karakteristika, procenio budući radni vek ulja i
pravovremeno donela odluka o primeni odgovarajuće korektivne mere. U radu se ukazuje da se procesima regeneracije ulja
adsorbentima iz ostarelog ulja uklanjaju produkti starenja a kao rezultat dobijaju se ulja sa karakteristikama u klasi kvaliteta novih
ulja. Prezentovan je perkolacioni postupak regeneracije odabranih ulja domaćim adsorbentom sepiolitom („Sorb Ultra―), u
laboratorijskim uslovima i na terenu. Sepiolit poseduje veliku poroznost i veliku specifiĉnu površinu, što ga ĉini adekvatnim za datu
primenu.
Rezultati laboratorijske regeneracije ulja perkolacionim postupkom, na odabranim uljima transformatora T1 (ulje manjeg stepena
ostarelosti) i T2 (za ulje većeg stepena ostarelosti), pokazali su visoku efikasnost sepiolita u uklanjanju produkata starenja iz ulja,
kao i da se jednako dobri rezultati regeneracije ulja postiţu jednostepenim perkolacionim postupkom sa 12 prolaza i to: 12%
adsorbenta (za ulje manjeg stepena ostarelosti T1), dok je za ulje većeg stepena ostarelosti (T2) 20% adsorbenta u odnosu na masu
ulja. Analizom rezultata nakon regeneracije mešavine otpadnih ulja na terenu, zakljuĉeno je da je, primenom domaćeg sorbenta
sepiolita postignut visok efekat regeneracije i dobijeno je ulje ĉije karakteristike zadovoljavaju kriterijum kvaliteta novih ulja.
1. Da li autori imaju ’’povratne podatke’’ iz eksploatacije transformatora kod kojih je izvršena regeneracija ostarelih
transformatorskih ulja, npr. da li je ista brzina starenja regenerisanog ulja kao i kod novih ulja, da li dodati adsorbenti utiĉu na
eksploatacione karakteristike transformatora i sl.?
I-1.26 TRANSPORT ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA

Autori: M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd,
B. TASIĆ Energoremont Beograd
Z. RISTIĆ, PEP, Beograd
D. VUKSANOVIĆ, Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
Rad obraĊuje problematiku transporta kapitalnih energetskih transformatora pozivajući se na interni standard JP „Elektroprivreda―
Srbije, ali i na inostrane brošure Inkoterms i CIGRE. Procedura je opisana od samog ugovaranja nabavke transformatora, sa
preciziranjem svih pojedinosti transporta koji mora da bude unapred planiran i dogovoren izmeĊu kupca i prodavca. Pobrojana su
pravila za sve vidove transporta, a posebno obraĊena dva (franko fabrika i franko prevoznik). Detaljno je data procedura kontrole
pripreme i praćenja transporta energetskog transformatora i na kraju skladištenje transformatora.
1. Koja bi naznaĉena snaga i/ili prenosni odnos transformatora mogli da se definišu kao granice iznad kojih je neophodno primeniti
sve opisane mere prilikom transporta transformatora?
2. S obzirom da je u radu pomenut blok transformator za HE „Bajina Bašta―, da li su autori imali uvid u dokumentaciju kojom je
definisan transport ovog energetskog transformatora? Ako jesu, kakva su njihova zapaţanja imajući u vidu dogaĊaj koji se
desio tokom transporta.
I-1.27 MERENJE NIVOA BUKE ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA

Autori: M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, I. BULATOVIĆ JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd
J. LAZIĆ, Institut Nikola Tesla, Beograd, Srbija
Z. RISTIĆ, PEP, Beograd, Srbija
D. VUKSANOVIĆ, Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
U radu je ukazano kako energetski transformator sluţi kao izvor buke. Dat je pregled standarda IEC 60076-10:2016, kao i verifikacija
nivoa buke prema zahtevima Internih standarda JP Elektroprivrede Srbije EPS IS 09-1 i EPS IS 09-2. Prikazani su i rezultati merenja
buke na konkretnom transforrmatoru snage 725 MVA.
1. Kolike su proseĉne vrednosti buke distributivnih transformatora?
2. Da li se i za koliko vrednost buke povećava tokom eksploatacije energetskih transformatora?
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I-1.28 ISPITIVANJE NIVOA ELEKTRIĈNIH I MAGNETSKIH POLJA NISKIH UĈESTANOSTI: JEDAN PRIMER
ODREĐIVANJA MERNE NESIGURNOSTI
Autori: B. VULEVIĆ, M. GRBIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd, Srbija
Usled ubrzanog tehnološkog razvoja sve su više prisutni neţeljeni nivoi elektriĉnih, magnetskih i elektromagnetskih polja u
ĉovekovom okruţenju. U cilju adekvatne ocene izlaganja ljudi elektriĉnim i magnetskim poljima niskih uĉestanosti, procena merne
nesigurnosti igra sve vaţniju ulogu. Osnovna namena ovoga rada jeste prikaz jednog praktiĉnog rešenja za procenu merne
nesigurnosti u sluĉaju merenja jaĉine elektriĉnog polja i magnetske indukcije niskih uĉestanosti u blizini nadzemnih vodova. U radu
je ukazano na razne faktore koji utiĉu na mernu nesigurnost. Ipak, striktno insistiranje na većem broju faktora koji utiĉu na mernu
nesigurnost moţe da usloţi proces odreĊivanja nivoa elektriĉnih i magnetskih polja na licu mesta, što je sa praktiĉnog stanovišta
merenja nedopustivo. Zbog toga se u radu preporuĉuje da treba sve faktore koji utiĉu na mernu nesigurnost identifikovani i, kada je
to moguće, njihov efekat treba drastiĉno umanjiti.
1. Na koji naĉin su autori vršili procenu merne nesigurnosti?
2. Da li autori imaju praktiĉna iskustva sa navedenim instrumentom?
EC 1 Report
Expert committee 1
DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS AND POWER LINES
Chairman: Prof. Dragan TASIĆ, PhD.
Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Nis, Serbia
For X Conference on Electricity Distribution organized by CIRED Serbia, Session 1 ―ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION ELEMENTS‖, a
total of 25 papers was submitted, 15 of which belong to the group of papers, and the remaining 10 belong to the category of
technical information.
Preferential Subjects for Session 1 are:
1. State of the art constructions of electricity distribution elements in urban and rural regions.
2. Reliability, diagnostics and strategy for electricity distribution elements.
3. Modelling and testing of electricity distribution elements.
4. Environmental impact of electricity distribution elements.
5. Elements for smartgrids.
For the first preferential subject six papers were accepted, out of which three were papers and two were pieces of information. The
second preferential subject is covered by seven papers, five of which belong to the category of papers, and two belong to the
category of information. Seven papers, four of which were qualified as papers and three as information, refer to the third preferential
subject. For the fourth preferential subject five papers were accepted, out of which three belong to the category of papers and two
belong to the category of information, whereas there were no papers applied for the fifth preferential subject.
REFEREES’ REPORTS
State of the art constructions of electricity distribution elements in urban and rural regions
Referee: Ljiljana FUNDUK, ODS EPS Distribucija, Beograd, Serbia
R-1.01 THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS WITH IRON COIL CORE

Author: S. JOVIĆ, V. STANOJEVIĆ, V. MARKOVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia
The paper deals with transformers with delta core. Their main advantages and disadvantages are presented. They are suitable for
production of distribution transformers of lower output. They have smaller losses compared to conventional constructions. Production
of transformers with delta core has already begun in some countries.
Question for discussion:
1. How much cheaper would the supply of such construction be, compared to the conventional one, given the smaller amount of
material used?
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R-1.02 CURRENT TRANSFORMER APPLIED AS SUPPLYING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRONIC MEASURING
EQUIPMENT
Authors: K. KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
D. HERCEG, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
N. PETROVIĆ, d.o.o. ―Energobull‖, Novi Sad, Serbia
T. PAPIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o Beograd, Beograd, Serbia
M. PRŠA, Novi Sad, Serbia
This paper demonstrates how power transformers can be used. It demonstrates tests on two similar power transformers with torus
core made of soft magnetic material, narrow hysteresis node containing a coil with several separations. The former power
transformer model had separations on 25, 50, 75 and100 curves, whereas the latter had100, 150 and 200 curves. The voltage was
measured on the transformer coil and it showed the required power intensity and number of curves where the voltage at connections
was sufficient for supplying the electronic measuring set, and in which case the battery was to take over the supply. In addition
thereto, it was also determined which circumstances lead to saturation of the ferromagnetic core. Based on the above, the required
number of transformer coil curves is defined.
1. The paper deals with practical implementation of power transformers for supplying the registration device electronics by means
of induced voltage at secondary circuit terminals. What will be the effects in cases of extremely large primary currents (e.g.
short circuits) and can that cause issues in the electronics supply?
R-1.03 SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR REHABILITATION OF CONDITIONS FOR VOLTAGE
REGULATIONS IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Authors: A. LEMEZ, Energo-Group d.o.o, Istoĉno Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina
A. SIMOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Bosnia & Herzegovina
The paper deals with the new system, energy auto-regulator, ―VROT-18 system―, intended for voltage management in the low-
voltage grid, load symmetry along the lines where it is installed, for eliminating the reversible current in the neutral conductor for
consumers connected behind the ―VROT-18 system―, in order to improve the conditions for protection functioning, as well as
protection selectivity, and it is also intended for protecting the consumers against excessive voltage in cases of short circuits
between the phase and neutral conductor. And what is essential is that it is characterized by a high degree of maximum power
transmission along the low-voltage line. Implementation of such system enhances energy efficiency and brings savings to
investments.
1. Have the devices described in the paper already been installed anywhere, and if so, how many years have they been in
operation and what has been the experience in the past practice?
2. Are there any cases of negative experience?
3. Apart from the above EN 50160 standard referring to power quality, which standards in terms of other tests does the described
device comply with?
I-1.04 MODERN DEVICES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Author: D. OBRADOVIĆ, J.P. EPS – Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Serbia
The paper demonstrates how implementation of state of the art materials and devices has resulted in better evironmental protection,
reliability, and increased savings in electricity distribution. Vacuum circuit breakers are presented, as well as SF6 equipment, silicon-
composed insulators, dry transformers, etc.
1. What data are available from practice in terms of reliability and savings (e.g. how much has the number of faulty vacuum circuit
breakers dropped compared to minimum-oil circuit breakers)?
I-1.05 SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSFORMER AS A SOLUTION FOR SMART DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Authors: Đ. MARJANOVIĆ, Visoka tehniĉka škola strukovnih studija Poţarevac, Serbia
Z. JEREMIĆ, EPS Snabdevanje, Serbia
The state of the art distribution systems and increasing number of distributed sources connected to the electricity distribution grid,
encourage the idea of using new types of transformers developed on the basis of energy electronics under the title of Sоlid Stаtе
Trаnsfоrmer (SSТ). The basic characteristics of SST are that they neither have a core nor coil, that they have voltage autoregulation
and the capacity to resolve power quality issues. The paper deals with the basic structure and possible SST configurations, its
functionality and applicability in electricity distribution. Comparison has also been made between SST and the conventional power
transformer with a purpose to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of SST.
1. What are the power values of SST developed so far?
2. What kind of experience do the authors have in terms of practical implementation of SST?
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I-1.06 THE INFLUENCE OF THE DESIGN AND LAYING CONDITIONS ON THE CURRENT RATING OF CABLES
Author: A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, J. STANOJEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Serbia
The paper analyzes the impact of cable construction, as well as conditions for setting up cables in terms of the load capacity. A
mathematical model consisting of insulator temperature computations, as well as its electric resistance, thermal resistance and
power losses in the cable elements is used for calculating the current load. It demonstrates the implementation of the presented
model on the example of the practical cable system. The paper is useful as a piece of information to persons dealing with planning
and designing, as it describes in one place all factors which have an impact on establishing the 35 kV cable line transmission
capacity.
1. How is the issue solved in terms of lower transmission capacity in cable lines resulting from grouped cable laying outside the
substation?
I-1.07 TRANSFORMER AND SWITCHGEAR OUTER CONE BUSHINGS AND CABLE CONNECTION
EQUIPMENT FOR 72.5 KV
Autori: J. GERLITZ, G. WEISS, Nexans Power Accessories Germany GmbH, Germany
The economic aspects of supply, in terms of renewable energy sources, are gaining in importance. Taking into account that the
envisaged voltage levels of greater capacity wind power plants will reach 72,5 kV, it is necessary, due to limited space, to connect
the equipment in an optimal way. For that reason, the paper puts emphasis on the development of a new system for connecting the
72,5 kV equipment, in order to meet the need for greater wind plant capacity, as well as the needs of consumers, improve the
system efficiency and flexibility and simplify the installation procedure. The authors conclude that 72,5 kV plants can be as compact
as the medium-voltage plants. The paper states that development of the new F type conus can achieve an efficient connection
between the insulator and external switching, as well as the equipment for connecting the 72,5 kV cable.
Reliability, diagnostics and strategy for electricity distribution elements
Referee: Mr Miodrag STOJANOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Serbia
R-1.08 OVERVOLTAGE DURING MANIPULATION ON SWITCH DISCONNECTOR IN GAS INSULATED

SUBSTATION “NOVI KALENIC” 35/20KV
Authors: D. RISTIVOJEVIĆ, Ogranak „RB Kolubara―, Površ. Kopovi, Serbia
S. VUKOVIĆ, „RB Kolubara― Ogranak Projekt, Serbia
V. PAJIĆ, Ogranak „RB Kolubara―, Površ. Kopovi, Serbia
The paper deals with a very interesting topic. The authors point out that when handling disconnecters at SF6 plants, due to multiple
electric arc charging and discharging, impulses are formed in the duration of the order of nanoseconds with a rather high gradient,
which is a great disadvantage of plants applying the SF6 technique. The authors present the consequences of such excess voltage,
as well as requests for taking adequate measures to stop the negative consequences of such phenomenon.
1. Which equipment was used for measurement and how was it done?
2. Did the authors find any other reference point dealing with this topic?
R-1.09 POWER TRANSFORMER CONDITION INDEXING AS A ASSET MANAGEMENT TOOL

Authors: D. ILIĆ, J. LAZIĆ, V.VASOVIĆ, B. PEJOVIĆ, Đ. JOVANOVIĆ, J. LUKIC, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki
institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd, Serbia
The paper introduces the idea of a simplified presentation of the state of power transformer by introducing the health index – numeric
value quantifying the current state. The authors have successfully explained the need for new ways of evaluating the state of
equipment, as a prerequisite for implementing the maintenance technique according to the situation. Of course, implementation of
this technique in Serbia is, as the authors themselves say, at the very beginning, as more extensive diagnostics is required, in
addition to connecting the results to the volume of maintenance work.
1. How were the weight coefficients in Table 1 obtained?
R-1.10 STRUCTURE OF SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF HV/MV SUBSTATIONS IN "EPS DISTRIBUCIJA" AND
PROPOSALS FOR THEIR RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: D. PERIĆ, Vipos, Valjevo, Serbia
M. TANASKOVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia
V. KRNAJSKI, JP „Elektromreţa Srbije―, Beograd, Serbia
Most TSs with an H schematic diagram were built in the seventies of the previous century and they have been scheduled for reconstruction,
both owing to the state of equipment, as well as owing to a possibly different role within the Electric Power System of Serbia. During the
29
reconstruction and selection of new single-pole schematics, the reliability of TS 110/35 kV must, by all means, also be taken into account as
a criterion for the selection thereof. Reliability calculations for H schematics were considered in four groups: 1) symmetrical schematics
(HS) with two long-distance line and transformer fields and one connecting field, 2) schematics for the first construction phase (HM – "H
minus") with one transformer and two long-distance line fields, 3) schematics with an additionally constructed third line – because of
the lack of possibilities for constructing a new TS (HP – "H plus") with two transformer fields and with three long-distance line fields
and 4) schematics with two transversal connecting fields (HD – "H double") with two long-distance line fields, two transformer and two
transversal connecting fields. On account of comparing different schematics, in addition to computations of the reliability indicators,
the schematics are ranked according to the procedure based on the Pareto multi-criteria optimization. The applied criterion was
transit interruption, full load interruption and equipment price coefficient, which gives an approximate assessment of the investment
costs for the whole TS.
1. How did the authors determine the equipment price coefficient?
2. Can the equipment price coefficient provide real assessment of the investment costs for the whole TS?
I-1.11 RECONSTRUCTION OF TS 20 / 0,4 kV TYPE "TIN" IN THE CENTER OF CITY ON THE AREA BRANCH
ARANĐELOVAC
Authors: D. PETROVIĆ, JP EPS, Tehniĉki odsek AranĊelovac, Serbia
G. ŢIVKOVIĆ, JP EPS, Tehniĉki odsek AranĊelovac, Serbia
I. MIHAJLOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija―d.o.o. Beograd, ogranak AranĊelovac, Serbia
The authors emphasize that in the region of Arandjelovac branch there are several TS 20/0.4kV plants, ―tin – armoured‖ type in the
downtown area. The substations are rather old, built in the 70’s of the previous century, and have dilapidated structure (the building
part) and dilapidated switching equipment in the medium-voltage section. After regular audits carried out in 20/0.4kV substations, the
findings showed a poor state of the MV switching equipment. The paper therefore presents the selected solution for refurbishment of
TS 20/0.4 kV. The authors point out the advantages of the solution by building-in the SF6 gas insulated MV unit.
1. How long did the reconstruction of one TS 20/0.4 kV take?
2. Was a technical and economic analysis of possible technical solutions carried out before selecting the proposed solution for
reconstructing TS 20/0.4 kV and, if so, what did it consist of?
I-1.12 OVERHAUL OF 110 kV SF6 SWITCHGEAR

Authors: M. AKSENTIJEVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia
S. MEĐO, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia
N. STOJANOVIĆ, JP EPS Beograd, Serbia
The paper deals with the overhauling procedure at the metal armoured SF6 gas-insulated plants in operation in the 110kV grid of
Electricity Distribution Belgrade. The paper presents the configuration of the above plants and content of conducted overhauling. The
works were performed on the basis of previously known data, as well as on the basis of irregularities spotted upon inspecting and
commissioning the plant. Apart from verifying, measuring and testing the operating parametres in the switching equipment, works on
eliminating faults in the SF6 gas facility are of particular interest. Bearing in mind the fact that installation of several plants like this is
expected to take place in Serbia in the near future, it is important to publish the experience gained in the process of maintenance
and operation thereof.
1. Were the purity and humidity of SF6 gas in certain gas zones below the permitted values? If so, in which?
2. Were there any issues in these plants observed while measuring power transformers, taking into account that in the case of
conventional transformers in open space they may be considered as an element with greater failure probability?
R-1.13 DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS – IMPORTANCE IN DIAGNOSTIC OF TRANSFORMER CONDITION

Authors: V. VASOVIĆ, D. MIHAJLOVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, J. LUKIĆ
Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd, Serbia
In oil-filled transformers, gas chromatographic analysis of oil is one of the most important tests used when determining the
operational state of transformers. This technique allows timely fault detection in the transformer, thereby avoiding greater damages
and sudden unscheduled outages. The principles of interpreting the results obtained by gas chromatographic analysis of oil are
based on the fact that higher temperatures and electric discharges induce degradation of insulating oil. Analysis of gas content
dissolved in oil is frequently the first indicator for revealing faults in the transformer, and also for revealing the gravity of the fault.
When interpreting the results of gas chromatographic analysis, the measured concentrations of gas in oil must be observed together,
that is by calculating characteristic gas ratios. Drawing conclusions concerning the type of fault by observing concentrations of some
gas individually, can easily produce an error. If an atypical fault code is obtained on the basis of the results of analysis concerning
gas content in oil, depending on the type of gases found in the oil, the oil gassing test can significantly help in eliminating the doubt
as to whether there is a fault in the transformer or whether it is only about the oil affinity to separate gases in mild heating conditions
at temperatures which are not by definition within the range of faulty temperatures.
30
1. What has the information on relay protection to do with the conclusions made on the basis of gas chromatographic analysis of
oil?
2. What are the costs of this analysis?
R-1.14 METHODS OF RECONSTRUCTION THE FOUNDATIONS OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS THREATENED

BY LANDSLIDES
Authors: DŢ. IMŠIROVIĆ, A. TOKIĆ, I. BEGIĆ
„Elektroprenos BiH― a.d. Banja Luka, Operativno podruĉje Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina
The paper deals with the issue and gives a solution for recovery of power line pylons. Depending on the timing and intensity of land
slide processes, the actual pylon points, or foundation suffer from forces and tensions causing foundation dislocation, as well as
deformations in the actual pylon structure. The authors demonstrate that it is not necessary to rehabilitate the whole land slide, nor
abandon the power line route, but rather recommend dealing with the issue by taking some remedial measures in the actual
foundation and pylon structure.
1. Did remedial measures applied in the actual foundation and pylon structure cause any land slides? If so, were any tests done
on the rehabilitated foundation and what are the results of such tests?
2. What do they depend on and what are the costs of foundation and pylon structure rehabilitation?
Modelling and testing of electricity distribution elements
Referee: Vladimir ŠILJKUT, JP EPS, Serbia
R-1.15 NORMAL AND EMERGENCY OPERATION IN CABLE NETWORK 110 kV

Author: M. TANASKOVIĆ, PD ’’Elektrodistribucija Beograd’’, Beograd, Serbia
After introducing LV cables into the Serbian Energy System (Electricity Distribution Belgrade) prerequisites were provided for
Serbian experts to use and apply foreign experience in high-voltage cable operation. During the process of preparation of design
documents, equipment supply and HV cable laying, Serbian experts had mastered this matter and contributed to the development of
high-voltage cables. A great number of papers were written and published in the IEEE and other journals and for many conferences
and meetings. The first Serbian 110 kV cables with XLPE insulation were also manufactured in addition to the auxiliary cable
equipment, new methods were mastered for researching the effects of cable system insulation, new possibilities were provided for
improved cable operation with the auxiliary equipment, introducing monitoring, diagnostics and similar. This paper is a follow-up to
the working process in the high-voltage cable system. The paper observes the power load of 110kV cables laid in the ground, in a
bundle (triangle). It would be beneficial to compare or comment, in one of the following papers, the load of cables laid in the ground
and cables which are partly considered as overhead lines.
1. According to the results of calculations, the permitted power load value in the winter period obtained by means of the finite
elements method considerably differs from the value obtained by IEC and VDE, whereas in the summer period those values
only slightly differ. Can the author explain the significant difference in the calculations for the winter period?
R-1.16 CROSS BONDING-A / SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL 110 kV CABLE CROSS SECTION IN CITY AREAS
AND ANALYZES JUSTIFICATION OF THE USAGE CROSS-BONDING
Authors: I. MITIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Serbia
M. BOROVIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Serbia
I. MILANOV, Elektroistok projektni biro, Beograd, Serbia
The authors emphasize that several technical and economic factors have an impact on the selection of the cable conductor type and
cross section. As the development of the 110 kV cable grid is inevitable in larger cities on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, the
question is whether it is acceptable to select only one type of cable and conductor cross-section which would be used in urban areas
for supplying two 110/x kV substations. A decision can only be made after a detailed analysis of permitted power loads in ground
cables, consisting of cables type XHE 49-A, with different aluminium conductor cross-sections. For that reason, the paper analyzes
the permanently allowed cable currents set in a bundle in the case when there is cable cross bonding, as well as in the case when
there is no cable cross bonding.
1. Can the solution proposed by the authors be considered as optimal or acceptable?
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R-1.17 SELF AND MUTUAL IMPEDANCES OF POWER CABLES
Authors: M. STOJANOVIĆ, D. TASIĆ, N. CVETKOVIĆ
Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Serbia
The paper presents methods for calculating own and reciprocal power cable impedances. It deals with the case of calculating HV
cable laying in a flat formation, which is not frequently used in practice. However, the case is interesting for practice where cable
laying in a bundle (triangle) cannot be avoided and such calculations are of particular importance. Authors should be encouraged to
present in some of their future papers the comparative results of both cable laying cases (in plane and in bundle).
1. Did the authors have any numeric difficulties in calculating own and reciprocal impedances in the example presented in the
paper?
R-1.18 APPLICATION OF MODERN FEM SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR DETERMINING EARTHING RESISTANCE,
TOUCH VOLTAGE AND STEP VOLTAGE
Authors: S. STANIŠIĆ, Informatika a.d., Serbia
Z. RADAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakulet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Serbia
The paper presents only some of the possibilties for implementing programmes based on the finite element method – FEM for
setting the distributed potential in the earthing environment – the values derived from distributed potential are earthing resistance,
touch stress and step stress. As an illustration of the software based on the FEM method, modelling was performed on the following
elementary earthing rods: pipe earthing rod in homogenous ground, contour earthing rod in homogenous ground and contour
earthing rod in double-layer ground. In addition to that, the grid earthing rod with pipes was also analyzed, as the real earthing rod in
11/0.4 kV substations, which is installed in urban areas, with the cable grid.
1. Are there any essential differences in the results of calculations based on the FEM method and approximate formulae applied in
practice?
I-1.19 STANDARDIZATION OF SUPPLEMENTARY EARTHED POLES FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE OVERHEAD

DISTRIBUTION LINES PERFORMED BY BARE CONDUCTORS
Authors: M. OBRADOVIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o Beograd, Serbia
D. JOVANOVIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o Beograd, Serbia
Đ. GLIŠIĆ, Serbia
This paper presents the standardization of supplementary earthing rods for pylons with block foundation and without any metal
fittings and with block foundation with metal fittings for medium-voltage overhead distribution lines performed by bare conductors, all
for the purpose of required amendments and changes to the Technical recommendations No.9 of the Electricity Distribution
Department, PE EPS.
1. Have the authors done any calculations or measurements (resistance of earthing rod, distribution of potential, and similar) for
the proposed earthing rods?
2. Do the authors have any practical experience with such earthing rods?
I-1.20 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF THE STATUS OF
METAL OXIDE MEDIUM ANDHIGH VOLTAGE SURGE ARRESTORS
Authors: V. OSTRAĆANIN, EPS, Tehniĉki centar Kraljevo, Serbia
S. ĐUROVIĆ, ODS EPS distribucija, ogranak Kraljevo, Serbia
D. ĆETENOVIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Ĉaĉak, Serbia
The paper gives a description of metal-oxide surge arresters, methods applied for connecting them and an overview of methods for
monitoring their state. It is emphasized that it should be insisted on supplying together with surge arrestors, also devices which have
direct insight into the state of the surge arresters, and, if possible, with diagnostic abilities.
1. How much would the supply of devices which have direct insight into the state of the surge arresters and which can perform
monitoring increase the price of the surge arresters?
32
I-1.21 TESTING ACCESSORIES FOR LV ABC APPLICABLE TO EUROPEAN STANDARDS AND PROBLEMS
WITH APPLICATION IN SERBIA
Author: M. PETROVIĆ, EPS ED Jagodina, Serbia
The paper gives an overview of the basic standards for the assembly kit, as well as an overview of methods for testing the LV SKS.
The author points out that there is no valid proof that the equipment made in Serbia complies with the required standards, stating
that the manufacturers do not have sufficiently equipped labs for performing routine tests during the production process, and that
there is no appropriate accredited local lab.
1. Are tests required to be done according to the SRPS EN 50483-4 and NF C 33-020 standards if the construction requirements
are clearly separated from the testing requirements laid down in the public procurement technical specifications?
2. Would it be required to mark the assembled LV SKS element from the assembly kit by stamp containing the licence number of
the erector?
3. Can the LV SKS assemly kit elements be used for multiple purpose, e.g. mantling-dismantling-mantling?
Environmental impact of electricity distribution elements
Referee: Prof. dr Dragan TASIĆ, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Serbia
R-1.22 LEVELS OF NON-IONIZING RADIATION IN VICINITY OF 110/x kV SUBSTATIONS

Authors: M. GRBIĆ, D. HRVIĆ, A. PAVLOVIĆ, M. PETROVIĆ, B. VULEVIĆ,
Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd, Serbia
The paper analyzes the levels of non-ionized radiation from industrial frequency occurring in the vicinity of 110/x kV substations. The
analysis was based on the results of measured electric field and magnetic induction intensity in the vicinity of several substations at
the aforesaid voltage level. For the purpose of assessing exposure of the population to non-ionized radiation, the obtained results
were compared with the referent limit levels prescribed in the Republic of Serbia. The purpose of the performed analysis is to draw
general conclusions concerning the levels of non-ionized radiation which can occur in the vicinity of the aforesaid substations, and to
assess the degree of compliance of these levels with the national regulations in the sphere of protecting the population against non-
ionized radiation.
1. Did the authors try to calculate the values of electric field and magnetic induction intensity in some places where measurements
were made and did they compare them with the measured values?
R-1.23 CHOICE OF TOWERS IN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS REGARDING ECOLOGICAL

ASPECT
Authors: A. MITROVIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad, Serbia
K. KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
N. ĐURIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
D. KLJAJIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
M. PRŠA, Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper deals with the issue of defining electric and magnetic field distribution in open space around phase conductors of the
mostly used distribution pylons in our country. The testing was done on six different types of distribution pyIons marked as B1 LSP-
24N, C2, E6, EN-20, NL-13 i SA LSP-24. For the sake of comparing the results, the same voltage level (20kV) was observed, as well
as the same power load (350 A) and phase conductors with the same cross-sections (Al/FE 95/15 mm2). It was also assumed that
the lowest phase conductor of each configuration had been installed at a height of six metres above ground level. All calculations
were done numerically, using the COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a computer package. The calculations showed that all pylons with their
phase conductor configurations comply with the restrictions concerning non-ionized radiation, and that the maximum values of the
electric field intensity vector module is lower than 2000 V/m, and maximum values of the magnetic induction vector module are lower
than 40 µT for each tested distribution pylon.
1. Did the authors try to make calculations by applying approximate relations for distribution of the electric field and magnetic
induction intensity and if so, what are the deviations in relation to the results obtained by numeric calculation?
2. Do the authors have a possibility to compare the results of their calculations with the experimental results?
33
R-1.24 DECONTAMINTION OF PCB CONTAMINATED POWER TRANSFORMERS IN PD ELEKTROVOJVODINA
Authors: J. LUKIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, N. KOVAĈEVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola
Tesla’’, Beograd, Serbia
D.VORGIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Beograd, Serbia
D. MATIĆ, JP EPS, Beograd, Serbia
The issue concerning PCB contaminated transformers in operation becomes increasingly serious if the transformer is faulty, has
poor insulating system characteristics and leaks, because of greater risk of polluting the surrounding media (soil, water, wildlife),
transformer breakdown and environmental disaster. There is a significant number of transformers in the electric power system with
some of the aforesaid issues. There are frequently considerable issues concerning excessive heating of insulation (thermal faults in
copper windings, on voltage regulator contacts, in the magnetic circuit…), loss of insulating properties of the paper-oil dielectric due
to increased humidity or the presence of electro-conductive pollutants formed by degradation of sulfur compounds in insulating oil, so
that for some transformers implementation of the decontamination procedure is urgent, in order to reduce the risk of using such
transformers in operation. The PCB decontamination process must basically be technologically designed so that the transformer is
put back into operation within a limited time frame after the performed decontamination. This assumes that the given technology
assumes the following: 1) on the spot decontamination of transformer in the period when putting out of operation is possible within a
limited time frame, as required by a facility of corresponding capacity, 2) achieving a high degree of PCB conversion for the purpose
of efficient decontamination, taking into account the possible effect of ―recurrent PCB leakage‖ and greater PCB concentration in oil,
during continued transformer operation, which is tested not before three months of operation, 3) in-depth purification of contaminated
oil and bringing back the insulating properties to oil, as a liquid dielectric for the purpose of putting back the transformer into
operation, which requires the existence of a field laboratory for process optimization and quality control of the PCB decontaminated
oil. The paper presents the decontamination results of PCB contaminated transformers carried out in the oil dechlorination process
by means of a mobile facility.
1. What are the costs of decontamination of PCB contaminated transformers and what do they depend on?
R-1.25 OIL RECLAMATION PROCESSES WITH DOMESTIC SORBENT APPLIED IN POWER TRANSFORMER
LIFE MANAGEMENT
Autori: J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, V. VASOVIĆ, J. LUKIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd
J. PLANOJEVIĆ, Proces projekt inţenjering, Serbia
Đ. JANAĆKOVIĆ, Đ. VELJOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu Tehnološko-Metalurški fakultet, Serbia
During transformer operation there is a gradual deterioration of insulating oil characteristics. For that reason, regular periodic
checkups should be performed, in order to establish the velocity of changes occurring in the values of characteristics, estimate future
oil life and make a timely decision on the implementation of appropriate corrective measures. The paper points out that in oil
regeneration processes using adsorbents, aging products are eliminated from aging oil, which results in oil with characteristics in the
quality class of new oils. The paper presents the percolation regeneration procedure for selected oils by means of the local
adsorbent sepiolite (―Sorb Ultra―), in laboratory and field conditions. Sepiolite possesses a high degree of porosity and a great
specific surface, which makes it adequate for such implementation.
The results of laboratory oil regeneration by percolation procedure, performed on selected T1 transformer oil (oil of a lower degree of
aging) and T2 (for oil of a higher degree of aging), have proved to have sepiolite effiiciency in eliminating aging products from oil, and
also that equally good results concerning oil regeneration are achieved by means of the single-step percolation procedure with with
12 passages such as: 12% adsorbents (for oil of a lower degree of T1 aging), whereas, for oil of a higher degree of aging (T2) 20 per
cent of the adsorbent in relation to the oil mass. By analysis of the results after regeneration of the mixture of waste oil in the field, it
was concluded that by implementation of the domestic sepiolite sorbent a high regeneration effect was achieved and oil was
obtained with characteristics which comply with the new oil quality criterion.
1. Do the authors have any ―feedback data― concerning the functioning of transformers where regeneration of aging the
transformer oil was performed, e.g. is the aging speed of regenerated oil the same as with new oils, and do the added
adsorbents affect the operation characteristics of the transformer, etc.?
I-1.26 POWER TRANSFORMERS TRANSPORT

Authors: M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, Serbia
B. TASIĆ Energoremont Beograd, Serbia
Z. RISTIĆ, PEP, Beograd, Serbia
D. VUKSANOVIĆ, Serbian Institute for Standardization, Belgrade, Serbia
The paper deals with the issue of transporting capital power transformers in reference with the internal standard issued by Public
Enterprise EPS Serbia, and foreign booklets published by Inkoterms and CIGRE. The procedure is described starting from the actual
negotions concerning transformer procurement, with precise details concerning transport, which needs to be scheduled and agreed
in advance between the buyer and seller. A list of rules is given for all types of transport, two of which are separately elaborated
34
(franco factory and franco transporter). The procedure of controlling the preparation and the process of tracking transport of power
transformer up to the place where the transformer is stored.
1. Which rated capacity and/or transmission ratio of transformer can be defined as a limit above which it is necessary to apply the
described measures when transporting the transformer?
2. Taking into account that the block transformer for HPP Bajina Bašta is mentioned in the paper, did the authors have insight into
the documents defining transport of this power transformer? If so, what are their observations, taking into account the incident
that occurred during the transport?
I-1.27 MEASURING THE NOISE LEVEL OF POWER TRANSFORMERS

Authors: M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, I. BULATOVIĆ JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, Serbia
J. LAZIĆ, Institut Nikola Tesla, Beograd, Serbia
D. VUKSANOVIĆ, Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, Beograd, Serbia
The paper demonstrates how the power transformer serves as a source of noise. It gives an overview of IEC 60076-10:2016
standards, and verification of the noise level according to the requirements of the Internal standards of Public Enterprise EPS Serbia
IS 09-1 and EPS IS 09-2. It presents the results of noise measurement on the specific 725 MVA power transformer.
1. What are the average values of noise for distribution transformers?
2. Does the noise value increase during power transformer operation, and if so, how much?
I-1.28 ISPITIVANJE NIVOA ELEKTRIĈNIH I MAGNETSKIH POLJA NISKIH UĈESTANOSTI: JEDAN PRIMER
ODREĐIVANJA MERNE NESIGURNOSTI
Authors: B. VULEVIĆ, M. GRBIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd, Srbija
Due to rapid technological development, there has been a growing presence of undesired levels of electric, magnetic and
electromagnetic fields in man's environment. For the purpose of adequate assessment of the exposure of people to electric and
magnetic fields of low frequencies, the assessment of measuring uncertainty plays an increasingly important role. The basic purpose
of this paper is to present a practical solution for estimating the measuring uncertainty in the case of measuring electric field intensity
and magnetic induction of low frequencies in the neighbourhood of overhead lines. The paper points out various factors affecting
measuring uncertainty. Nevertheless, strict insisting on a greater number of factors affecting the measuring uncertainty can
complicate the process of defining the level of magnetic fields on the spot, which is unpermissible from the practical standpoint of
measuring. For that reason, it is recommended in the paper to identify, if possible, all factors affecting the measuring uncertainty and,
if possible, to drastically reduce their effect.
1. How did the authors make assessments of measuring uncertainty?
2. Do the authors have any practical experience in respect of the aforesaid instrument?

R-1.01
TROFAZNI TRANSFORMATORI SA MOTANIM JEZGROM
Saša JOVIĆ, Vladimir STANOJEVIĆ, Vladimir MARKOVIĆ

PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
U najvećem broju sluĉajeva prilikom izrade transformatora imamo standardno izraĊeno magnetno kolo u vidu pravogaounika sa tri
stuba i jarmom, i taj princip se primenjuje kod transformatora razliĉitih snaga. Uz uslov da su trofazni. MeĊutim, transformatori mogu i
da se proizvode i sa motanim jezgrom, u kome se magnetno kolo mota na motalicu, a trafo lim se seĉe samo uzduţno, bez
popreĉnog seĉenja. Ovakav vid izrade jezgra ima znaĉajne prednosti, i treba razmisliti da li ovakav vid proizvodnje transformatora
ima ekonomsku opravdanost. Što se tiĉe gubitaka, to u mnogome zavisi od kvaliteta lima (kW/kg). U ovoj prezentaciji, pokazaću vam
neke prednosti izrade ovakvih transformatora, kao i neka iskustva u procesu proizvodnje ovih transformatora u firmi Minel Trafo
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Mladenovac, koji su proizveli nekoliko jedinica za Skandinavsko trţište. Ovo je naroĉito vaţno jer je elektriĉna energija u tim
zemljama skupa i svaki vid uštede u energiji je isplativ, naroĉito reaktivna energija. Prednosti transformatora sa motanim jezgrom su:
- 20% manji gabarit i masa transformatora
- 20% manji gubici energije u transformatoru
- 9 puta manja struja magnećenja
- 2 puta manja struja osiguraĉa
- Nema trećeg harmonika u struji magnećenja
- Idealna simetrija svih faza
- Manja buka i vibracije
Kljuĉne reĉi: transformator, magnetno jezgro, gubici.
THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS WITH IRON COIL CORE
In most cases, in standard production of power transformer, magnetic core was made in the form of rectangle with the three column
and the yoke, and this principle is applied in various rate of power transformers. But, that kind of power tranasformer must be
threephase. However, power transformers and can be produced with iron coil core, in that cases the magnetic core produced the
same like windings, and transformer sheets are cut longitudinally only, without cross-cutting. This kind of production has significant
advantages, and should take in consider is this kind of production power transformer is economically justified. As for the losses
consideration, it depends mostly on the quality of the sheet (kW / kg). In this presentation, I will show you some of the benefits of
making such a transformer, as well as some experience in the manufacturing process of these transformers in the company Minel
Trafo Mladenovac, who produced several units for the Scandinavian market. This is especially important because the electricity in
these countries is expencive and every aspect of energy savings is a cost-effective, especially reactive energy. The advantages of
this kind of transformer (with iron coil core) are:
- 20% smaller dimensions and weight of transformers
- 20% less energy losses in the transformer
- 9 times less magnetizing current
- 2 times less fuse
- No third harmonics in magnetizing current
- The ideal symmetry of all phases
- Reduced noise and vibration
Keywords: transformer, magnetic core, losses.
R-1.02
STRUJNI TRANSFORMATOR KAO SISTEM ZA NAPAJANJE ELEKTRONSKOG MERNOG SKLOPA
Karolina KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, R. Srbija
Dejana HERCEG, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, R. Srbija
Nenad PETROVIĆ, d.o.o. ―Energobull‖, Novi Sad, R. Srbija
Tomislav PAPIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribucija‖ d.o.o Beograd, Beograd, R. Srbija
Miroslav PRŠA, Novi Sad, R. Srbija
U firmi d.o.o. „Energobull― je razvijen sklop za merenje faznih napona i jaĉina struja u trofaznim vazdušnim vodovima distributivnih
naponskih nivoa. Merni ureĊaj je ugraĊen u izolatorski sistem prikljuĉenja svakog od faznih provodnika i planira se postavljanje tog
sistema na odreĊenim stubovima distributivnog nadzemnog voda. Da bi ureĊaj mogao da funkcioniše, neophodno je bilo obezbediti
njegovo efikasno napajanje, jednosmernim naponom 6 V, uz potrošnju definisanu jaĉinom struje od 150 mA. Kao osnova za
napajanje elektronskog mernog sklopa je sagledana mogućnost korišćenja strujnog transformatora u svakoj od faza trofaznog
sistema.
Pošto je, pri malim jaĉinama struja kroz provodnik, elektromotorna sila indukovana u namotaju transformatora nedovoljna za direktno
napajanje elektronskog mernog sklopa, u tom sklopu je predviĊena i punjiva litijum-jonska baterija od 3,6 V, koja obezbeĊuje
36
kontinuitet u napajanju sklopa. Za vreme kada je fazna struja dovoljnog intenziteta, odnosno, elektromotorna sila indukovana u
namotaju strujnog transformatora dovoljno visoka, vrši se punjenje baterija.
Poznavajući sve magnetske karakteristike jezgra strujnog transformatora, izvršen je proraĉun broja zavojaka transformatora, kako bi
se, pri odreĊenim jaĉinama struje kroz provodnik (do 100 A) omogućilo optimalno napajanje mernog sklopa. Rezultati proraĉuna su
potvrĊeni merenjima.
I proraĉuni i merenja su izvršeni za razliĉite jaĉine struja u provodniku, a merenja su izvršena na modelu strujnog transformatora sa
otcepima na 50, 75, 100 i 150 zavojaka. Meren je napon na namotaju transformatora, i ustanovljeno je pri kojoj jaĉini struje i pri kom
broju zavojaka je napon na prikljuĉcima transformatora dovoljan za napajanje mernog sklopa, a kad napajanje preuzima baterija.
Osim toga, odreĊeno je i pod kojim uslovima dolazi do zasićenja feromagnetskog jezgra. Na osnovu svega toga je definisan
optimalan broj zavojaka transformatorskog namotaja.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Strujni transformator, feromagnetsko jezgro, napajanje elektronskog sklopa, naponi napajanja.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER APPLIED AS SUPPLYING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRONIC MEASURING EQUIPMENT
Equipment for voltages and currents measurements in three phase distributive overhead systems is developed in d.o.o. „Energobull―
company. The measuring equipment is embedded in insulator system of each phase conductor and it is planning its placement at
certain towers of distributive overhead power system. For its efficient operation, a DC 6 V voltage and 150 mA current should be
provided. As the electronic measuring equipment supplying system was considered the application of current transformer in each
phase of the three phase system.
At the small current values, the voltage induced in the transformer’s winding is not high enough for direct supplying of electronic
measuring device. For this reason, a 3.6 V rechargeable lithium-ion battery is also embedded in the measuring equipment in order to
provide the supplying continuity. During the time period when the phase current is high enough and, consequently, induced voltage
is high as well, the battery is in charging regime.
Knowing all magnetic characteristics of current transformer ferromagnetic core, the calculation of transformer winding’s turns was
performed, in order to provide the optimal measuring equipment supplying for different currents (up to 100 A). The calculation results
were verified by measurements.
The calculations and the measurements were performed for different conductor’s currents, while the measurements were performed
on the transformer with 50, 75, 100 and 150 turns. The voltage on transformer’s winding was measured and it was concluded at
which current value and which number of turns, the transformer voltage is enough to supply the measuring equipment and when the
battery must take over. Besides, it was determined under which conditions the ferromagnetic core saturations occurred. Based on
those data, the optimal number of transformer’s turns is defined.
Key words: Current transformer, ferromagnetic core, electronic equipment supplying system, supplying voltages.
R-1.03
JEDNOSTAVNO I EFIKASNO RJEŠENJE ZA SANACIJU

NAPONSKIH PRILIKA U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI
A. LEMEZ, Energo-Group d.o.o, Istoĉno Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina

A. SIMOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina
U savremenom društvu nezamisliv je ţivot bez elektriĉne energije, koja se proizvodi u elektranama, zatim prenosi preko
visokonaponske mreţe na veću ili manju udaljenost, a distribucijska mreţa je usmjerava preko niza distributivnih transformatora kroz
srednjenaponsku i niskonaponsku mreţu prema potrošaĉima. Elektriĉna energija sa svojom cijenom mora ispunjavati odgovarajuće
standarde u pogledu kvaliteta (EN 50160), dok s druge strane distributer elektriĉne energije mora voditi raĉuna o ekonomskim
parametrima isplativosti investicionog ulaganja. Distribuiranje elektriĉne energije na novoizgraĊenim zgusnutim (gradska naselja)
potrošaĉkim podruĉjima ne predstavlja problem u pogledu kvaliteta isporuĉene elektriĉne energije i isplativosti investicionog zahvata.
Distribuiranje elektriĉne energije u razrjeĊenim i malim (seoska naselja) potrošaĉkim podruĉjima, kao i podruĉjima sa izgraĊenom
elektroenergetskom infrastrukturom u kojima kvalitet isporuĉene elektriĉne energije izlazi van standarda EN 50160 predstavljaju
problem u isplativosti investicionog zahvata i kao takva stvaraju nezadovoljstvo kod potrošaĉa, a kod distributera generator gubitaka
37
i neefikasnost sistema (tzv. beskoristan elektroenergetski objekat). Prvenstveno najudaljeniji potrošaĉi od pripadajuće
transformatorske stanice bivaju podloţna nekvalitetu isporuĉene elektriĉne energije.
Klasiĉni metodi u cilju rješavanja kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije na postojećoj elektroenergetskoj infrastrukturi su: povećanje
napona na pripadajućoj transformatorskoj stanici 10/0.42 kV na visinu 253V, zatim povećanje presjeka provodnika - ugradnjom
provodnika većeg presjeka ili voĊenjem paralelnih provodnika, povećanje presjeka provodnika i ugradnja kondenzatorskih baterija,
kao i izgradnja srednjenaponskog elektroenergetskog voda sa pripadajućom transformatorskom stanicom 10(20)/0.42, 50 kVA. U
radu prikazaće se novi metod „sistem VROT-18― sa pripadajućim ureĊajem koji ima istu uĉinkovitost kao i transformatorska stanica
10/0.42 kV, stim što koristi napajanje sa postojećeg niskonaponskog elektroenergetskog voda. Sistem rada nije zasnovan na
podizanju napona već na simetriranju opterećenja, a svojom pogodnom spregom omogućava eliminisanje harmoniĉnih izobliĉenja
koje generišu potrošaĉi na dionici niskonaponskog voda koje napaja „sistem VROT-18―, s druge strane omogućava povećanje
selektivnosti i osjetljivosti reagovanja zaštitom. UgraĊuje se na dionicu niskonaponskog elektroenergetskog voda gdje je kvalitet
elektriĉne energije van standarda EN 50160. Primjenom „sistema VROT-18― moguće je ostvariti uštede u investiranju od 60% do
700% u zavisnosti od rekonstruktivnog zahvata.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: distributivna mreţa, sanacija naponskih prilika, nova tehnologija, nominalni napon.
SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR REHABILITATION OF

CONDITIONS FOR VOLTAGE REGULATIONS IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Aleksandar LEMEZ, Energo-Group d.o.o, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Aleksandra SIMOVIĆ, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
In contemporary society, life without electricity cannot be imagined. Electricity is produced in power plants, then transferred via high-
voltage networks over greater or lesser distance, while distribution networks direct the electricity via a series of distribution
transformers of medium-voltage and low-voltage networks to its final destination - consumers. Electricity prices must meet the
appropriate quality standards (EN 50160), while on the other hand, a distributor must take into account the economic parameters of
cost-effectiveness of investing. Distribution of electricity in newly condensed consumer areas (urban areas) is not a problem both in
terms of quality of delivered electricity and in terms of cost-effectiveness of investment operations. Distribution of electricity in dilute
consumer areas (small villages), as well as in areas with such an electricity infrastructure in which the quality of supplied electricity
comes out of the EN 50160 standard is a problem in terms of profitability of the investment project and, as such, causes
dissatisfaction among consumers, while among distributors it causes both generator losses and inefficiency of the system (ie,
useless power facility). In the first place, it means that the farthest consumers of associated substations are subjected to poor quality
of delivered electricity.
The classical method to improve the quality of electricity supply on the existing infrastructure involves: increase of voltage on the
corresponding transformer stations from 10/0.42 kV to 253V, increase in cross-sectional areas of conductors - by installing
conductors with larger sections or by conducting parallel conductors, then increase in cross-sectional areas of conductors and
installation of capacitor banks as well as the construction of a medium-voltage power line with corresponding substations of 10 (20)
/0.42 and 50 kVA. This paper will show a new method of "VROT-18" system with a corresponding device that has the same
efficiency as the substation of 10/0.42 kV has, except that it uses power from the existing low-voltage power line. The system of this
operation is not based on raising the voltage but on the load balancing, and with its convenient fit it eliminates harmonic distortions
generated by consumers at the section of the low-voltage power line which is supplied by "VROT-18" system. On the other hand, it
increases the selectivity and the sensitivity of reactions protection. "VROT-18" system is installed on the section of the low-voltage
power line where the quality of electricity comes out of the EN 50160 standard. By applying the "VROT-18" system it is possible to
achieve cost savings in investment from 60% to 700% depending on the construction plan.
Key words: distribution network, rehabilitation of conditions for voltage regulations, new technology, standardized nominal voltage.
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I-1.04
SAVREMENI UREĐAJI U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI
Dušan OBRADOVIĆ, J.P. EPS – Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Srbija
U poslednjih dvadesetak godina su se pojavili savremeni materijali i izvedbe ureĊaja koji su u elektrodistributivnoj delatnosti našli
primenu. Ovi materijali i izvedbe ureĊaja su uticali na znaĉajno smanjenje mogućnosti zagaĊenja ţivotne sredine, na povećanje
pouzdanosti opreme i na znaĉajne uštede. Ovde će biti razmotreno nekoliko materijala i izvedbi ureĊaja. To su vakuumska
tehnologija kod srednjenaponskih prekidaĉa i regulacionih sklopki pod opterećenjem, SF6 tehnologija kod elektriĉne opreme, silikon-
kompozitni izolatori, suvo punjenje provodnih izolatora kapacitivnog tipa, suvi transformatori i transformatori sa uljnopapirnom
izolacijom impregnisani uljem biljnog porekla. Prikazana je prethodna tehnologija i uporeĊena sa savremenim meterijalom ili
tehnološkim rešenjem i dobicima u zaštiti ţivotne sredine, pouzdanosti i uštedi. Pored prednosti prikazani su nedostaci i ograniĉenja
nekih savremenih materijala i rešenja.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Materijali, Vakuum, SF6, Silikon, Kompozitni, Izolator, UreĊaj, Vakuum, Tehnologija, Zaštita, Ţivotna, Sredina,
Pouzdanost, Ušteda.
MODERN DEVICES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
At last twenty years modern materials and devices appear. They found appliance in distribution of electric energy. These materials
and devices had significant influence in reduction of possibility to pollute environment, in increasing reliability and device quality and
in significant savings. Several materials and devices were considered. These are vacuum technology at middle voltage circuit
breakers and on load tap changers, SF6 technology for electrical equipment, silicon-composite insulators, dry filling of bushing of
capacitive type, dry transformers and transformers with oil impregnated paper insulation filled with vegetable oil. Previous technology
is showed and compared with modern material or technological solution and advantages in environment protection, reliability and
savings. Beside advantages shortages and restrictions of some of modern materials and solutions are showed.
Key words: Material, Vacuum, SF6, Silicon, Composite, Insulator, Device, Technology, Protection, Environment, Reliability, Savings
39
I-1.05
PОLUPRОVОDNIĈKI TRАNSFОRMАTОR KAO REŠENJE ZA PAMETNE DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
ĐorĊe MARJANOVIĆ, Visoka tehniĉka škola strukovnih studija Poţarevac, Srbija

Zoran JEREMIĆ, EPS Snabdevanje, Srbija
Energetski trаnsfоrmаtоr imа nеzаmеnlјivu ulоgu u prоcеsu distribucije еlеktriĉnе еnеrgiје. Nјеgоvа kоnstrukciја sе sаstојi оd
gvоzdеnоg јеzgrа nа kоmе sе nаlаzе nаmоtајi оd bаkаrnih ili аluminiјumskih prоvоdnikа i svе tо zајеdnо је pоtоplјеnо u sud
ispunjеn minеrаlnim ulјеm kоје istоvrеmеnо sluţi i kао rаshlаdnа tеĉnоst i kао diеlеktrik оdnоsnо izоlаtоr. Savremeni Smart grid
distributivni sistemi i sve veći broj distribuiranih izvora prikljuĉenih na distributivnu mreţu, podstiĉu na razmišljanje o upotrebi nove
vrste transformatora razvijene na bazi energetske elektronike pod nazivom Sоlid Stаtе Trаnsfоrmer (SSТ). Osnovne karakteristike
SST-a su da nemaju jezgro ni namotaje, da imaju samoregulaciju napona i mogućnost da otklone probleme kvaliteta elektriĉne
energije. U prvom delu rada je predstavljena osnоvna strukturа i moguće kоnfigurаciје SST-a, njegova funkcionalnost i primenljivost
u distributivnoj mreţi dok drugi deo rada poredi SST sa klasiĉnim energetskim transformatorom u nameri da predoĉi sve prednosti i
mane SST-a.
Kljuĉne reĉi: distributivne mreţe, energetska elektronika, Sоlid Stаtе Trаnsfоrmer, HV/MV/LV veza, energetski transformator.
SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSFORMER AS A SOLUTION FOR SMART DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Power transformer has a key role in the distribution of electricity. Its structure consists of an iron core that includes the windings of
copper or aluminum conductors and all together is submerged in a tank filled with mineral oil, which also serves as a coolant and as
a dielectric or insulator. New Smart grid distribution systems and the increasing number of distributed sources connected to the
distribution network, encourage reflection on the use of new types of transformers developed based on power electronics called
Solid state transformer (SST). Basic characteristics of SST that they have no core windings, to have self-regulation voltage and the
opportunity to eliminate the problems of power quality. The first part presents the basic structure and the possible configurations of
SST, its functionality and applicability in the distribution network, while the second part of the paper compares SST with conventional
power transformer in order to present all the advantages and disadvantages of SST.
Key words: distribution networks, power electronics, solid state transformer, HV/MV/LV connections, power transformer.
I-1.06
UTICAJ KONSTRUKCIJE I USLOVA POLAGANJA NA STRUJNO OPTEREĆENJE KABLOVSKOG VODA
Ana ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija

Jelena STANOJEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija
Termiĉki dozvoljena struja kabla u stacionarnom reţimu odreĊena je trajno dozvoljenom temperaturom provodnika. Pri odreĊivanju
ove struje moraju se pored karakteristika kabla uvaţiti i uslovi u sredini koja ga okruţuje. U radu je analiziran uticaj geometrijskih i
fiziĉkih karakteristika kabla, kao i uslova polaganja kabla na mogućnost strujnog opterećenja. Za proraĉun strujnog opterećenja
korišćen je matematiĉki model koji obuhvata proraĉun temperature provodnika, njegove elektriĉne otpornosti, termiĉkog otpora i
elektriĉnih gubitaka elemenata kabla. Demonstrirana je primena predstavljenog modela na primeru prakticnog kablovskog sistema.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Kablovski vod, parametri kabla, uslovi polaganja, strujno opterećenje.
40
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DESIGN AND LAYING CONDITIONS ON THE CURRENT RATING OF CABLES
The current rating of cables in steady state is determined by permissible continuous temperature of the conductor. When determining
this current must be taken into account characteristics of the cable and the conditions in the environment that surrounds it. This
paper analyzes the impact of geometrical and physical characteristics of the cable, as well as the conditions of laying on the current
rating of cables. Calculation is made using a mathematical model which includes calculation of the conductor temperature, its
electrical resistance, thermal resistance and electrical losses of cable elements. Use of the presented model is demonstrated in the
case of a practical cable system.
Keywords: Cable, cable parameters, conditions of laying, current carrying capacity.
I-1.07
TRANSFORMER AND SWITCHGEAR OUTER CONE BUSHINGS AND CABLE CONNECTION EQUIPMENT FOR 72,5 kV
J. GERLITZ, G. WEISS
Nexans Power Accessories Germany GmbH, Germany
As renewable energy is continuing to grow, the question of an economical power supply becomes more and more important. Usually
wind turbines are connected to a wind farm power collection point which is then connected to the shore connection point. One of the
major planning topics of the energy transportation is to keep the energy loses on the lowest possible level. With regards to the costs
of transport losses and the high distances between the off-shore wind farm and the shore connection point it is a clear advantage to
transport energy on high voltage level. Therefore the by the wind turbine produced medium voltage is usually collected and
converted to high voltage level. This to perform is linked to high cost equipment.
To avoid additional cost by equipment or energy loses, transformer and switch gear OEM’s have presented a solution to place
equipment directly to the wind turbine working on voltage level U0 / U (Umax) 36 / 60-69 (72,5) kV instead of
19 / 33 (36) kV. Due to cost reduction it has been decided to connect that equipment to the cable system via outside cone bushing
which are well known from CENELEC EN 50180 / 50181 standard, geometrically based on the ―F‖ cone type today standardized up
to (Umax) 52 kV. The next step will be to bring the 72,5 kV bushing also into a CENELEC standard.
The idea for 72,5 kV bushings has forced the accessories industry to develop the necessary cable connection equipment like T-
connector, coupling connector and surge arrester for U0 / U (Umax)36 / 60-69 (72,5) kV which are available today. In some wind parks
the first transformers and switchgears are already in service to collect long term field experience.
Key words: Transformer, switchgear, medium voltage, high voltage, wind turbines, connector, surge arrester.
R-1.08
ПОЈАВА ПРЕНАПОНСКИХ ИМПУЛСА ПРИ МАНИПУЛАЦИЈАМА РАСТАВЉАЧЕМ У ГАСОМ ИЗОЛОВАНОМ

ПОСТРОЈЕЊУ ТС 110/35kV „ВРЕОЦИ“
Д. РИСТИВОЈЕВИЋ, ЈП ЕПС, С. ВУКОВИЋ, В. ПАЈИЋ

ЈП ЕПС, РБ Колубара, Република Србија
Неуобичајена појава склопних пренапона, при манипулацијама растављачем у SF6 постројењима, изазива посебну пажњу, с
обзиром да се због вишеструког паљења и гашења електричног лука формирају импулси трајања реда наносекунди (nsec),
доста високог градијента.
41
Пренос пренапонског таласа, кроз металне масе постројења, врши се поред галванског, индуктивног и капацитивног, и
антенским путем уз појаву учестаности до реда 150 MHz.
На површинама са изједначеним потенцијалом за f=50 Hz, јављају се пренапонски таласи реда (15-20) kV при учестаности
од f=150МHz, тако да се галванско спајање металних површина мора извести на што краћим растојањима. Јавља се и
негативан утицај на секундарној страни (мерна и заштитна кола).
Дакле, ово је сложена појава и завређује дужно поштовање и озбиљан приступ.
Кључне речи: пренапон, манипулација, потенцијал.
OVERVOLTAGE DURING MANIPULATION ON SWITCH DISCONNECTOR IN GAS INSULATED

SUBSTATION “NOVI KALENIC” 35/20KV
Dragan RISTIVOJEVIC, Sneţana VUKOVIC, V. PAJIĆ, MB ―Kolubara―, Serbia
The unusual phenomenon of switching overvoltage, during manipulation of disconnector in SF6 substations, draws specials attention
due to multiple electrical arc ignitions and extinguishing which generates high gradient nanosecond-order pulses.
Overvoltage wave is carried through the metal parts of switchgear not only by galvanic, inductive and capacitive way, but also
through antennas, with frequencies up to 150MHz.
On equipotential areas with f=50Hz, overvoltage waves appear with magnitude15-20 kV at f=150MHz, so galvanic coupling of metal
parts must be as short as possible. Also, negative impact on secondary side (measuring and protection equipment) must be
considered.
Therefore, this phenomenon is very complex and requires respectful and serious approach.
Key words: overvoltage, manipulation, potential.
R-1.09
INDEKSIRANJE STANJA ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA KAO ALAT

UPRAVLJANJA RESURSIMA
D. ILIĆ, J. LAZIĆ
Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Srbija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet,Srbija
V. VASOVIĆ, B. PEJOVIĆ, Đ. JOVANOVIĆ, J. LUKIC, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ
Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Srbija
Odrţavanje velikog broja energetskih transformatora (ET) predstavlja izuzetan logistiĉki i tehnoekonomski poduhvat, naroĉito u
pogledu realizovanja razliĉitih mera uštede uz povećanje pouzdanosti i raspoloţivosti. Planiranjem preventivnih i korektivnih mera,
koje je potrebno realizovati, na velikom broju ET postavlja se izuzetno vaţan optimizacioni zadatak pred sektor za odrţavanje koji
moraju blagovremeno i na adekvatan naĉin rasporediti raspoloţiva sredstva. Informacija o stanju, pogonskoj spremnosti, odnosno
neophodnim intervencijama, kao i potrebama za nabavku ET je pri tome od velikog znaĉaja. U radu je predstavljena ideja
uprošćenog prikaza stanja ET uvoĊenjem numeriĉke vrednosti kojom se kvantifikuje trenutno stanje ET, pogodno nazvane indeks
zdravlja transformatora.
Metodologija predloţena u radu podrazumeva pre svega izdvajanje kljuĉnih elemenata transformatora, tj. funkcionalnih podsistema i
dodelu teţinskog faktora svakom od elemenata. Teţinski faktor odreĊuje jaĉinu uticaja ocene svakog kljuĉnog elementa na konaĉni
indeks zdravlja transformatora. Ocena kljuĉnog elementa (indeks zdravlja elementa) formira se na osnovu ocene jedne ili grupe
izabranih hemijskih i/ili elektriĉnih metoda ispitivanja, uz poštovanje teţinskih faktora koji su dodeljeni i svakoj pojedinaĉnoj metodi
kako bi ocena elementa bila što preciznija. Ocene hemijskih i elektriĉnih ispitivanja su prevedene sa opisnih na brojĉane vrednosti od
0 do 3, uz uvaţavanje postojećih standarda i ekspertskog iskustva. Kao konaĉan proizvod dobija se procena stanja ET na skali od 0
do 3, odnosno od 0 do 100%.
U radu su predoĉene mogućnosti uvoĊenja indeksa zdravlja (IZ) kao statistiĉkog alata, uz osvrt na njegovu poziciju u strukturi
upravljanja osnovnim sredstvima i analizi rizika eksploatacije. Prikazane su osnovne specifiĉnosti IZ, naĉin izraĉunavanja i ukazano
42
je na poteškoće na koje se nailazi pri indeksiranju transformatora u distributivnoj mreţi Srbije i naĉine na koje su ove poteškoće u
datim uslovima prevaziĊene. Osim toga, u radu su date preporuke za dalju implementaciju IZ u upravljanju osnovnim sredstvima.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Indeks zdravlja, Energetski transformator, Upravljanje resursima, Procena stanja, Dijagnostika.
POWER TRANSFORMER CONDITION INDEXING AS A ASSET MANAGEMENT TOOL
Maintaining a large number of power transformers (PT) is a laborious logistical and techno-economic project, especially in terms of
realization of various cost-saving measures. Corrective measures planning which is needed to be implemented on a large number of
PT’s raises extremely important optimization task in front of the resource management sector who must promptly and adequately
allocate the necessary funds. Information about the condition, operational readiness and the necessary investments in PT’s are
thereby of a great significance. The paper presents the idea of a simplified presentation of the condition of PT’s introducing
numerical values which quantify the current state of every PT, appropriately called Health Index of the transformer.
The methodology proposed in this paper implies determination of the PT’s key elements, i.e. functional subsystems and weighting
factor allocation to each of the elements. The weight factor is determined by the impact on assessment of each essential element in
the final Health Index. Rating key element is based on one or a group of selected chemical and/or electrical test methods, with
respect to the weighting factors which are allocated for every single method in order to estimate the element as accurate as possible.
With respect to the existing standards and experience, chemical and electrical test marks have been transferred from the descriptive
to the numerical values in the scale from 0 to 3. Evaluation of the PT’s operational readiness on a scale of 0 to 3, or from 0 to 100%,
is obtained as a final product.
The possibility of introducing Health Index (HI) as a statistical tool, basic specificity of the HI, the method of calculation pointing to the
difficulties encountered during the indexing of transformers in the domestic power distribution companies with recommendations for
further implementation and development of resource management are presented.
Key words: Health Index, Power transformer, Resource Management, Condition Assessment, Diagnostics.
R-1.10
STRUKTURA JEDNOPOLNIH „H“ ŠEMA TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA VISOKI/SREDNJI NAPON

U „EPS DISTRIBUCIJA“ I PREDLOZI ZA NJIHOVU REKONSTRUKCIJU
D. PERIĆ, Vipos, Valjevo, Srbija

M. TANASKOVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
V. KRNAJSKI, JP „Elektromreţa Srbije―, Beograd, Srbija
Operator distributivnog sistema Republike Srbije preuzima elektriĉnu energiju iz prenosne mreţe preko transformatorskih stanica
visoki/srednji napon. Tokom 2013. godine znatan deo transformatorskih stanica je prešao iz vlasništva operatora prenosnog sistema
u vlasništvo operatora distributivnog sistema, ĉime se javila potreba za sagledavanjem trenutnog stanja i unifikacijom jednopolnih
šema. Analizirane su jednopolne „H― šeme svih transformatorskih stanica visoki/srednji napon, sa aspekta poudanosti napajanja
potrošaĉa. Sistematski je izvršena je podela i sortiranje jednopolnih „H― šema po grupama i dati karakteristiĉni pokazatelji
pouzdanosti. Sagledane su mogućnosti za unapreĊenje pouzdanosti postojećih „H― šema i dat predlog za njihovu standardizaciju.
Kljuĉne reĉi: operator distributivnog sistema, pouzdanost, transformatorske stanice VN/SN, H šema, unifikacija.
STRUCTURE OF SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF HV/MV SUBSTATIONS IN "EPS DISTRIBUCIJA"

AND PROPOSALS FOR THEIR RECONSTRUCTION
Distribution System Operator of Republic of Serbia is biggest electric energy consumer connected to transmission network of Serbia
through substations high voltage/medium voltage. During year of 2013. many substations changed ownership, and has been taken
by Distribution System Operator. Variety of single line diagram of substation with „H― scheme has become the motive for reliability
analysis which is discussed in this paper. All „H― schemes were collected, selected, analysed and classified into groups using
reliability criteria. Using the principle of unification it is suggested how to improve existing schemes regarding reliability, and to
introduce the standardization for „H― schemes.
Keywords: Distribution System Operator, Reliability, HV/MV substation, Single Line Diagram, „H― scheme―, unification.
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I-1.11
REKONSTRUKCIJA TS 20/0,4kV TIPA “LIMENA - BLINDIRANA” U UŢEM GRADSKOM

JEZGRU NA PODRUĈJU OGRANKA ARANĐELOVAC
Dejan PETROVIĆ, JP EPS Tehniĉki odsek AranĊelovac, Srbija

Goran ŢIVKOVIĆ, JP EPS Tehniĉki odsek AranĊelovac, Srbija
Ivan MIHAJLOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija―d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak AranĊelovac, Srbija
Na podruĉju Ogranka AranĊelovac prisutno je više objekata TS 20/0,4kV tipa ―limena - blindirana‖ u uţem gradskom jezgru. Trafo-
stanice su starije gradnje, proizvedene 70-ih godina prošloga veka, sa dotrajalom konstrukcijom (graĊevinskim delom) i dotrajalom
rasklopnom opremom na srednjenaponskoj strani. Trafo-stanice TS 20/0,4kV ―Soliter― i TS 20/0,4kV ―Oklopna‖ su locirane u zoni
stambenih objekata kao i gradske uprave Opštine AranĊelovac, predviĊene su za prikljuĉenje podzemnih SN kablovskih vodova
20kV i rad u prstenastoj SN kablovskoj mreţi 20kV. Postojeća rasklopna oprema u TS 20/0,4kV (pre rekonstrukcije) su bili
rastavljaĉi, karakteristika 24kV / 630A, koji su zastareli, sa delom neispravnim poluţnim pogonom i oslabljenim izolacionim
karakteristikama. Prilikom donošenja odluke o rekonstrukciji TS 20/0,4kV vodilo se raĉuna o vremenskom trajanju radova, vremenu
iskljuĉenja za vreme radova, lokaciji i prilazu postojećim trafo-stanicama, vrednosti utrošenog materijala i radova i funkcionalnosti
objekata nakon rekonstrukcije. Prilikom izbora tehniĉkog rešenja vodilo se raĉuna o gabaritima, zahtevanoj funkcionalnosti (koja je
uslovljena poloţajem postojećih trafo-stanica u elektrodistributivnoj mreţi), bezbednosti ljudi prilikom manipulacija i radova i
mogućnosti daljinskog upravljanja trafo-stanicama. Izabrano je rešenje sa ugradnjom SN bloka (tip RMU) gde su sabirnice i
rasklopna oprema izolovani SF6 gasom. Izabrani SN blok je sa rastavnim sklopkama nazivnog napona 24kV i nominalne struje
630A, odnosno 200A u trafo ćeliji. Trafo ćelija je opremljena rastavnom sklopkom sa špulnom za iskljuĉenje i prigraĊenim
osiguraĉima za zaštitu transformatora, tip VVC. Broj vodnih ćelija zavisi od poloţaja postojećih trafo-stanica u elektrodistributivnoj
mreţi i za TS 20/0,4kV ―Soliter― je 3, a za TS 20/0,4kV ―Oklopna‖ je 2. Broj transformatorskih ćelija je 1. Širina jedne vodne ćelije je
(310 – 350) mm a transformatorske ćelije (350 – 430) mm, zavisno od proizvoĊaĉa opreme. Prikljuĉenje SN kablovskih vodova vrši
se preko izolovanih kablovskih adaptera. Prilikom ugradnje neophodno je bilo izvršiti zamenu veze od transformatora do trafo ćelije
20kV, kao i prilagoĊavanje i zamenu / popravku dotrajalih delova konstrukcije objekata trafo-stanica. Nakon rekonstrukcije objekata
TS 20/0,4kV ―Soliter― i TS 20/0,4kV ―Oklopna‖, isti u svemu ispunjavaju zahteve TP Elektrodistribucije Srbije. Analiza treba da
pokaţe da odluka o izvoĊenju rekonstrukcije i izabrano tehniĉko rešenje imaju ekonomsku opravdanost i da je postignuto
poboljšanje nekih karakteristika trafostanica 20/0,4kV nakon rekonstrukcije u odnosu na druga alternativna tipska rešenja (izgradnja
novih objekata).
Kljuĉne reĉi: rekonstrukcija, trafo-stanica, oprema, transformator.
RECONSTRUCTION OF TS 20 / 0,4 kV TYPE "TIN" IN THE CENTER OF CITY

ON THE AREA BRANCH ARANĐELOVAC
In the area of AranĊelovac Branch there are several objects TS 20 / 0.4 kV type "tin - armored" in the city center. Substation are the
older objects, produced the 70-ies of the last century, with worn-out structure (construction part) and worn-out equipment on the
medium voltage side. Substation TS 20 / 0.4 kV "Soliter" and TS 20 / 0.4 kV "Oklopna" is located in zone residential buildings as well
as the city of Arandjelovac township, are provided for the connection of underground MV cable lines 20kV and work in the ring MV
cable network 20kV. The existing switching equipment in TS 20 / 0,4 kV (before reconstruction) were disconnectors, characteristics
of 24kV / 630A, which have become obsolete, with partly faulty crank drive and weakened insulation characteristics. When making a
decision on the reconstruction of TS 20 / 0.4 kV has taken account of the duration of work, time of exclusion during work, location
and access to existing substations, the finacial value of materials used and work and functionality after reconstruction. When
selecting a technical solution takes into account the dimensions, the required functionality (which is caused by the position of the
existing substations in the distribution network), security men during the manipulation and works and the possibility of remote control
of substation. Chosen by the solution with the installation of MV block (type RMU) where the bus and disconnectors are insulated
with SF6 gas. It was selected MV block with load break disconnectors rated voltage of 24 kV and rated current 630A, and 200A in
the transformer cell. Transformer cell is equipped with a fuse switches to turn off the spool and fitted fuses for transformer protection,
the type of VVC. Number of ring - main cells depends on the position of the existing substations in the distribution network, and in the
TS 20 / 0.4 kV "Soliter" is 3, and TS 20 / 0.4 kV "Oklopna" is 2. Number transformer cell is 1. Width of a ring - main cell is ( 310 -
350) mm and the transformer cell (350 - 430) mm, depending on the equipment manufacturer. Connecting the MV cable lines is
done through insulated cable adapter. When installing it was necessary replacement connection from the transformer to transformer
44
cell 20kV, as well as suiting and replacement / repair of worn parts of structures substation. After the reconstruction of objects TS 20
/ 0.4 kV "Soliter" and TS 20 / 0.4 kV "Oklopna", the same in all perform the requirements of TP Electric Power of Serbia. Analysis
should show that the decision on the reconstruction and the technical solutions chosen have economic validity of investments, as
well as improving some perfomance of the substations 20 / 0.4 kV after reconstruction in comparison to other alternative tipical
solutions (construction of new objects).
Key words: reconstruction, substations, equipment, transformer.
I-1.12
REMONT 110 kV SF6 POSTROJENJA
Marko AKSENTIJEVIĆ, Nenad STOJANOVIĆ, Svetlana MEĐO

PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
Dinamiĉan razvoj Beograda, od druge polovine prošlog veka, postavio je tada pred elektroinţenjere beogradske distribucije pitanje
kako obezbediti izvor napajanja elektriĉnom energijom – znaĉajnijeg kapaciteta, na malom prostoru, u urbanim delovima grada.
Odgovor su našli u primeni novih tehnoloških rešenja koja su se zasnivala na odliĉnim izolacionim svojstvima SF6 gasa.
Danas, nakon 35 godina od puštanja u rad prva dva 110 kV postrojenja izolovana SF6 gasom (GIS) u dve distributivne
transformatorske stanice naponskog nivoa 110/10 kV, njihov kapitalni remont postao je prioritetan zadatak struĉnih sluţbi
Elektrodistribucije Beograd. Izabran je odgovarajući nivo remonta (program M4), prema preporuci proizvoĊaĉa postrojenja.
U periodu od dve godine, remont istog obima izvršen je sukcesivno u još ĉetiri transformatorske stanice naponskog nivoa 110/10 kV
u kojima su 110 kV SF6 postrojenja puštena u rad nekoliko godina nakon prethodno dva navedena. Nakon ovakvog pristupa, da se
u relativno kratkom vremenskom periodu izvrši remont koji obuhvata praktiĉno sva 110 kV SF6 postrojenja na najvišem naponskom
nivou u distributivnoj mreţi beogradskog konzuma, oĉekuje se znaĉajno produţenje pouzdanog rada predmetnog dela sistema.
Ranija istraţivanja o visokonaponskim postrojenjima izolovanim SF6 gasom ukazuju na to da je njihov oĉekivani servisni ţivotni vek
oko 50 godina. Posle remonta izvršenog na naĉin prikazan u ovom ĉlanku, oĉekuje se da će ţivotni vek predmetnih postrojenja bitno
preći oĉekivani rok.
Cilj ovog ĉlanka je da prikaţe sadrţaj remonta navedenih šest 110 kV SF6 postrojenja i da ukaţe na bitne smernice u procesu
njihovog odrţavanja i nadgledanja. Pored redovno predviĊenih radova programom M4, potrebno je u ograniĉenom vremenskom
roku, otkloniti sve uoĉene nedostatke na osnovu ograniĉenog broja i vrste podataka iz arhive voĊene više od 30 godina, kao i
kvarove zateĉene tek po otvaranju elemenata postrojenja. Zbog svega navedenog veoma je vaţno ispravno i redovno voditi
evidenciju o svakom dogaĊaju i nedostatku u 110 kV postrojenju izolovanom SF6 gasom.
Kljuĉne reĉi: 110 kV postrojenje izolovano SF6 gasom, remont, odrţavanje, evidencija.
OVERHAUL OF 110 kV SF6 SWITCHGEAR
The dynamic development of Belgrade, during the second half of the last century, put at that time in front of electrical engineers of
Belgrade Electric Utility Company question how to ensure the power supply - of a significant capacity in a small space in the urban
parts of the city. The answer was found in the application of new technological solutions that were based on the excellent insulating
properties of SF6 gas.
Nowadays, after 35 years of the installation the first two 110kV switchgears insulated with SF6 gas (GIS), in two 110/10kV
distribution substations, overhaul of these switchgears became the first priority of competent departments of Belgrade Electric Utility
Company. Inspection program M4 was chosen by recommendation of equipment manufacturer.
During two years, beside the overhaul in the two above mentioned substations, the same level of reconditioning was conducted
respectively in another four 110/10kV substations. After such approach, to accomplish the overhaul of practicaly all 110kV SF6
switchgears at the highest voltage level of Belgrade Electric Utility consumption, it is expected that reliability of this part of the the
system will be significantly improved. Previous researches on high voltage switchgears insulated with SF6 gas indicate that their
expected service lifetime is about 50 years. After overhaul performed as shown in this article, it is expected that the life of the
switchgears will greatly exceed the expected deadline.
The aim of this article is to present the content of the works performed during the overhaul of these six switchgears and to present
crucial guidelines in process of maintenance and monitoring. Apart from works comprised by M4 program, it is necessary to fix all
45
failures according to the information from the limited sources recorded in more than last 30 years, and to fix failures detected
immediately after opening of switchgear components. Consequently, it is of the big importance to record very thoroughly and
regularly all the events that take place in 110kV SF6 GIS switchgear.
Key words: 110 kV switchgear insulated with SF6 gas, overhaul, maintenance, record.
R-1.13
ANALIZA SADRŢAJA GASOVA RASTVORENIH U ULJU – ZNAĈAJ

U DIJAGNOSTICI POGONSKOG STANJA TRANSFORMATORA
V. VASOVIĆ, D. MIHAJLOVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, J. LUKIĆ,

Analiza sadrţaja gasova rastvorenih u ulju, vrlo je ĉesto prvi pokazatelj da je u transformatoru prisutan kvar, kao i kolika je ozbiljnost
kvara. Stoga se gasnohromatografska analiza ulja već decenijama uspešno koristi kao dijagnostiĉki alat za ocenu ispravnosti
transformatora u pogonu. Pored razmatranja apsolutnih vrednosti izmerenih koncentracija svakog pojedinaĉnog gasa i
karakteristiĉnih odnosa gasnih parova, za procenu ozbiljnosti kvara i urgentnosti primene korektivnih mera, od velike je vaţnosti
pratiti i veliĉine poput dnevnih brzina porasta koncentracija svakog pojedinaĉnog gasa, ukupnog stepena zasićenja ulja gasovima i
ukupnog sadrţaja zapaljivih gasova u ulju. Kod kvarova gde je proradila neka od zaštita, od velike je koristi vršiti analizu uzoraka ulja
uzetih iz više nivoa, kao i analizu ulja i gasa iz buholc releja. Na osnovu ovih podataka moguće je definisati lokacije kvara i proceniti
brzinu i intenzitet razvoja kvara. Kod kvarova sa atipiĉnom šifrom kvara, kao i prilikom izdvajanja velikih koliĉina vodonika i niţih
zasićenih ugljovodonika (metana, etana) uputno je uraditi i test gasiranja ulja (eng. „stray gassing“) ĉime se utvrĊuje sklonost
konkretnog ulja ka stvaranju pomenutih gasova.
Kroz primere iz prakse, u radu je objašnjen princip ekspertske dijagnostike pogonske ispravnosti transformatora na osnovu
gasnohromatografske analize ulja. Prikazan je naĉin izraĉunavanja stepena zasićenja ulja gasovima i ukupnog sadrţaja zapaljivih
gasova u ulju. TakoĊe, kroz konkretne primere, objašnjeno je kako temperaturne oscilacije tokom dana mogu uticati na stepen
zasićenja ulja gasovima i izazvati proradu buholc alarma i koliko prekomerno rastvaranje zapaljivih gasova u ulju moţe sniziti taĉku
paljenja ulja i dovesti do havarije.
Kljuĉne reĉi: gasnohromatografska analiza, dijagnostika stanja transformatora, stepen zasićenja ulja gasovima, zapaljivost gasova,
gasiranje ulja.
DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS – IMPORTANCE IN DIAGNOSTIC OF TRANSFORMER CONDITION
Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of transformer oil is very often the first indication that the fault is present in the transformer, and can be
used for prediction of the severity of the fault. Therefore, the gas chromatographic analysis of oil has been used as a diagnostic
method for a long time, to determine the conditions of transformers in service.
In order to evaluate severity of the fault, risks of a failure and the urgency of the application of corrective actions, besides diagnostics
of fault type based on key gas ratios, of great interest is to monitor rate of fault gases increase, total gas saturation level of oil and
the total combustible gases dissolved in the oil. In the cases when transformer tripped off it is useful to perform analysis of oil
samples from several levels of transformer, as well as analysis of oil and gas from Buchholz relay. Based on these data it is possible
to define the location of faults and to estimate the rate and intensity of development fault. In the case of faults with atypical fault
code, as well as in the case of abnormal generation hydrogen and/or lower hydrocarbon gases (methane, ethane), it is advisable to
perform Stray gassing test which identifies the tendency of oil to create such gases.
This paper describes the principle of expert diagnostic based on dissolved gas analysis applied in transformers condition
assessment. The method for calculation of gas saturation level of oil and the total dissolved combustible gas in the oil is also shown
in this paper. Through case studies, it was explained how temperature fluctuations during the day can affect the gas saturation level
of oil and trigger of the Buchholz alarm and how excessive amount of combustible gases in the oil can decrease flashpoint of the oil
and lead to accident.
Key words: DGA, transformer condition assessment, gas saturation level of oil, the total dissolved combustible gas in the oil.
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R-1.14
NAĈINI SANACIJE TEMELJA DALEKOVODNIH STUBOVA UGROŢENIH KLIZIŠTIMA
Dţevad IMŠIROVIĆ, Almir TOKIĆ, Irma BEGIĆ

„Elektroprenos BiH – Elektroprijenos BiH― a.d. Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina
U radu se na temelju višegodišnjih iskustava u sanaciji stubova neposredno ugroţenih klizištima daju naĉini sanacije: zahvatima,
odnosno intervencijama na temeljima samih stubova i okolini stubova. Obzirom da smo ĉesto iz razliĉitih razloga prinuĊeni da
zadrţavamo postojeće trase dalekovoda i mikrolokacije samih stubova, pogotovo u naseljenim mjestima, a koji se već nalaze u
klizištima i trpe ili su pretrpjeli manje ili veće deformacije, daju se tehniĉka rješenja na postojećim mikrolokacijama. Na rašĉlanjenim
temeljima stubova u cilju stabilizacije i zadrţavanja temelja, i samog stuba u novonastalim uslovima preduzimaju se mjere pojaĉanja
temelja stubova, koje treba da uspješno trpe novonastala opterećenja, a što se postiţe jednom od sljedećih mjera, ili kombinacijom
više mjera istovremeno :
produbljavanjem postojećih temelja stubova do supstrata/izrada novih temelja stubova na kontraforima u supstratu;
ukrućivanje postojećih temelja armiranobetonskim gredama;
izrada armiranobetonskog potpornog zida ili armiranobetonskih greda na kontraforima;
izrada dodatnih armiranobetonskih greda za povezivanje temeljne konstrukcije i armiranobetonskog zida,
dok se same okoline temelja stubova:
dreniraju drenaţnim kanalima uz kontrolisano odvoĊenje prikupljene vode.
Naĉini sanacija i skup potrebnih mjera odreĊuje se na temelju obima deformacija, odnosno stanja temelja stuba, te na temelju
inţenjerskogeoloških podloga (istraţne bušotine i sl.), dinamike klizišta, i drugih uslova na terenu.
Steĉena iskustva u proteklih 15-ak godina na većem broju stubova dobra su podloga u predlaganju mjera na izmjenama u
temeljenjima samih stubova na uslovno stabilnim terenima.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: sanacija, stubovi, armiranobetonske grede, kontrafori.
METHODS OF RECONSTRUCTION THE FOUNDATIONS OF TRANSMISSION

TOWERS THREATENED BY LANDSLIDES
The paper presents methods of reconstruction based on long term experience in the repair of transmission towers directly threatened
by landslides. It provides the reconstruction methods: procedures or interventions on the foundations of the transmission towers as
well as the place around the transmission towers. Since we are often forced to keep the existing transmission line and micro-location
of the transmission towers, especially in the urban areas, which are already affected by landslides and suffer or have suffered from
smaller or larger deformation, the paper presents technical solutions for existing micro-locations. On articulated foundation of
transmission towers in order to stabilize and keep the foundation so as the transmission tower, the new conditions require to take
measures for strengthen the foundation of the transmission tower, which shall to successfully endure the new load, which is
achieved by one of the following measures, or a combination of measures at the same time:
deepening the existing foundation of the transmission towers to the substrate/making a new foundation on the counterfort of the
substrate;
bracing the existing foundations by reinforced-concrete beams
production of reinforced-concrete retaining wall or reinforced-concrete beams on the counterfort,
production of additional reinforced-concrete beams for connecting basic structure and reinforced-concrete wall,
while the place around the foundation of transmission towers is:
Drain by the drainage channels with controlled drainage of collected water.
Methods of recovery and set of the necessary measures shall be determined based on the extent of deformation, or condition of the
foundations, and on the basis of geological substrate (exploration of the borehole, etc.), dynamics of landslides, and other conditions
on the ground.
Experience in reconstruction, on a huge number of transmission towers in the last 15 years, represent a good basis in suggesting
measures for modification of foundation on conditionally stable terrains.
Key words: sanation, transmission towers, reinforced-concrete beams, counterfort.
47
R-1.15
NORMALNI I HAVARIJSKI POGON U KABLOVSKOJ MREŢI 110 kV
M. TANASKOVIĆ, PD „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
Koncepcija napajanja gradova elektriĉnom energijom podrazumeva izgradnju izvornih transformatorskih stanica vrlo visoki napon
(400 kV) na visoki napon (110 kV) obiĉno na periferiji (ruralnom delu) gradske zone. Prenos snage do urbanih gradskih zona, sa
velikom površinskom gustinom opterećenja, neminovno se zbog urbanistiĉkih zahteva mora realizovati kablovskim vodovima 110 kV.
Napajanje transformatorskih stanica visoki napon (110 kV) na srednji napon (10 kV ili 20 kV) predviĊeno je konceptom tipskog
tehniĉki modul za oblikovanje mreţe 110 kV.
U prošlosti, razliĉiti cenjeni analitiĉki pristupi su bili posvećeni razmatranju ustaljenoj cikliĉnoj promeni opterećenja. U mnogim
sluĉajevima u praksi, analitiĉki pristupi obezbeĊuju dobre odgovore. Ipak, idealizacije uvedene u modelovanju razliĉitih
konstrukcionih detalja i materijala, neminovne u analitiĉkim pristupima, odraţavaju se donekle na dobijene rezultate. Detaljno
modelovanje kablovskog rova obezbeĊuje metoda konaĉnih elemenata. Model konaĉnih elemenata, za proraĉun strujnog
opterećenja podzemnih kablova, uzima u obzir isušivanje zemljišta, odvoĊenje toplote pomoću strujanja sa površine zemlje i efekte
zraĉenja i zagrevanja površine zemlje od Sunca.
Cilj ovog ĉlanka je da prikaţe rezultate proraĉuna dozvoljenih strujnih opterećenja kablovskih vodova 110 kV sa dielektrikom od
umreţenog polietilena XHE 49-A 3x(1x1000 mm2) 110/64 kV za normalni i havarijski pogon za dnevni dijagram opterećenja sa
faktorom opterećenja za zimski period m=0,95 i letnji period m=0,89. Dnevni dijagrami opterećenja su dobijeni za karakteristiĉni dan
u januaru i julu 2013. godine. Proraĉuni su uraĊeni metodom konaĉnih elemenata i analitiĉkim postupcima definisanim IEC i VDE
Publikacijama.
Kljuĉne reĉi: normalni pogon, havarijski pogon, kablovska mreţa 110 kV.
NORMAL AND EMERGENCY OPERATION IN CABLE NETWORK 110 kV
The concept of supply cities with electricity involves building source substations extra high voltage (400 kV) to the high voltage (110
kV) usually on the periphery (a rural area) of city zones. Transmission of power to urban city zones, with high surface density loads,
inevitably due to urban demands must be realized by 110 kV cable lines. Supply substations high voltage (110 kV) to the medium
voltage (10 kV or 20 kV) provides concept of standard technical modules to create a network of 110 kV.
In the past, various valuable analytical approaches have been elaborated addressing the stationary cyclic variation of load. In most
of the cases in practice, the aforementioned approaches provide good answers. However, the idealizations introduced in modeling
various structural details and materials, inevitable in analytical approaches, reflect to some extent upon the obtained results. The
finite element model, for the calculation of the loading capacity of underground cables, taking into account the soil drying out, heat
transfer by convection from the soil surface and radiation and solar heating effects.
The aim of this article is to present the results of a calculation of allowed load current of cable lines 110 kV with dielectric of
crosslinked polyethylene XHE 49-A 3x(1x1000 mm2) 110/64 kV for normal and emergency operation for the load curve with a load
factor for the winter period m = 0.95 and summer time m = 0.89. Daily load curves were obtained for typical day in January and July
2013. Calculations were performed using finite element method and analytical procedures defined in IEC and VDE publication.
Key words: normal operation, emergency operation, cable network 110 kV.
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R-1.16
IZBOR OPTIMALNOG PRESEKA 110 kV KABLA U GRADSKOM PODRUĈJU I ANALIZA

OPRAVDANOSTI PRIMENE CROSS BONDING-A
Ivana MITIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Srbija

Mirko BOROVIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Srbija
Ivan MILANOV, Elektroistok projektni biro, Srbija
U radu će biti analizirane mogućnosti termiĉke opteretljivosti 110 kV kabla postavljenog u zemlju u trouglastom snopu, u zavisnosti
od popreĉnog preseka kabla, kao i u zavisnosti od toga da li je primenjeno preplitanje elektriĉnih zaštita kabla (transpozicija - cross
bonding). Sve analize biće uraĊene na primeru kabla 110 kV koji se primenjuje za napajanje distributivne transformatorske stanice,
fiziĉki locirane u gradskom centru gde se beleţi tendencija rasta potrošnje elektriĉne energije. Biće proraĉunata maksimalna struja
kojom se kabl moţe opteretiti, a da se pri tome ne prekoraĉi graniĉna temperatura kabla. U radu će biti opisan termiĉki model kabla i
biće izvršen proraĉun Dţulovih gubitaka u samom kablu u stacionarnom stanju, gubici u metalnom omotaĉu usled cirkulacionih
struja, kao i analiza uticaja cross bonding-a na ove gubitke. TakoĊe će se porediti Dţulovi gubici u zavisnosti od popreĉnog preseka
kabla, i biće opisane mogućnosti smanjenja gubitaka sa povećanjem popreĉnog preseka. Zatim će biti prikazani investicioni troškovi
prilikom izgradnje u zavisnosti od popreĉnog preseka kabla, kao i u zavisnosti od toga da li je primenjen cross bonding. Na kraju
rada će biti izvedena tehno-ekonomska analiza i izbor optimalnog rešenja, pri ĉemu neće biti uzeti u obzir troškovi koji mogu nastati
prilikom odrţavanja. U zavisnosti od rezultata tehno-ekonomske analize biće ispitana opravdanost primene cross bonding-a, kao i
izbor optimalnog preseka kabla. Kriterijumi za izbor optimalnog rešenja su cena kabla, kablovskog pribora, graĊevinskih i
elektromontaţnih radova, maksimalno strujno opterećenje kabla i gubici u kablu, kao i cena gubitaka u toku eksploatacije kabla.
Kljuĉne reĉi: kabl, optimalni presek, strujno opterećenje, gubici u kablu, cross bonding.
CROSS BONDING-A / SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL 110 kV CABLE CROSS SECTION IN CITY AREAS AND
ANALYZES JUSTIFICATION OF THE USAGE CROSS-BONDING
This paper will describe the possibilities of thermal load of 110 kV cable which is laid into the ground, in trefoil formation, depending
on different values of the cross section, and depending on weather has cross-bonding been applied or not. All analyzes will been
carried on the example of cable 110 kV that is used to power distribution substation, physically located in the city center area where
the tendency of consumption growth is recorded. In this paper maximum current of the cable will be calculated, provided that at this
load cable reaches its maximum temperature. The paper will describe the thermal model of the cable. Calculation of Joule losses in
the cable in a stationary state and losses in cable sheathing will be carried, and the effect depending on the use of cross-bonding will
be analyzed on these losses. Joule losses will be compared depending on the cable cross section, and in paper it will be presented
the possibility to reduce losses with increasing of cable cross section. Investment costs during construction, depending on the cross
section of the cable, and depending on whether it is applied cross bonding will be shown. At the end of the paper it will be presented
technical economic analysis and cost estimating and the choice of optimal solutions, except for costs for maintenance. Depending on
the results of technical economic analysis will be questioned on whether it is necessary the application of cross-bonding and
selection of the optimal cable cross-section. Criteria for selection of the optimal solution are the price of the cable, cable accessories,
constraction works, the maximum current of the cable and losses in the cable, as well as price losses during exploitation.
Key words: cable, optimal cross section, ampacity, losses in cable, cross bonding.
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R-1.17
SOPSTVENE I MEĐUSOBNE IMPEDANSE ELEKTROENERGETKIH KABLOVA
M. STOJANOVIĆ, D. TASIĆ, N. CVETKOVIĆ

Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet Niš
U fazi projektovanja elektroenergetskih kablovskih vodova, kao i u fazi njihove eksploatacija od velikog znaĉaja je poznavanje
serijskih impedansi kablova (sopstvenih i meĊusobih). Kao što je poznato sopstvene redne impedanse provodnika i metalnih
omotaĉa kablova predstavljaju sumu unutrašnje i spoljašnje impedanse, a odreĊivanje svake od njih nosi odreĊene poteškoće.
Relacije za izraĉunavanje unutrašnje impedanse provodnika punog popreĉnog preseka poznate su jako dugo, meĊutim potreba za
prenosom što većih koliĉina energije uslovila je povećanje popreĉnih peseka provodnika i do 3000mm 2, kao i unapreĊenje
konstruktivnih realizacija provodnika. Kod ovih provodnika ne mogu se direktno primeniti relacije izvedene za provodnike punog
popreĉnog preseka. Osnovna poteškoća koja se javlja kod izraĉunavanja spoljašnjih sopstvenih i meĊusobnih impedansi je
obuhvatanje zemlje kao povratnog puta. Relacije za izraĉunavanje impedanse povratnog puta kroz zemlju za poznatu frekvenciju
poznate su gotovo ceo vek, meĊutim nisu pogodne za inţenjerske proraĉune ĉak ni u današnje vreme pošto iziskuju izraĉunavanje
modifikovanih Besselovih funkcija kompleksne promenljive i beskonaĉnih integrala koji nemaju rešenje u zatvorenom obliku već se
moraju reševati numeriĉki. Da bi se izbegla numeriĉka integracija razvijen je veći broj uprošćenih inţenjerskih relacija. Ove relacije
ĉesto se primenljuju bez poznavanja pretpostavki i zanemarenja pod kojima su izvedena, odnosno kolika je njihova taĉnost. U ovom
radu dat je pregled relacija za izraĉunavanje sopstvenih i meĊusobnih impedansi kablova, a na test primeru je pokazana njihova
taĉnost.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Elektroenergetski kablovi, sopstvene i meĊusobne impedanse.
SELF AND MUTUAL IMPEDANCES OF POWER CABLES
Miodrag STOJANOVIĆ, Dragan TASIĆ, Nenad CVETKOVIĆ

Faculty of Electronic Engineering Nis
Having information about values of serial self and mutual impedance of cables is very important for design of power cable lines, as
well as for their exploitation. Self impedances of conductor and metal sheath consist of their external and internal impedances and
determining each of them includes certain difficulties. Equations for calculating internal impedance of the circular solid conductor are
known for a long time. On the other hand requirement to increase current capacity of cables has implied using of new constructive
solutions for conductors as well as an increasing conductor’s cross-section up to 3000mm2. For these conductors, earlier derived
relations for circular solid conductors cannot be applied directly. The main problem in calculation of self- and mutual- external
impedances is taking in consideration of the ground return path. Relations for calculation of ground impedance for chosen frequency
are known for almost a century. However, they are not suitable for engineering calculations, since they require the computation of
modified Bessel functions of complex variables as well as numerical calculation of infinite integrals that do not have a closed form
solution. A large number of simplified engineering relations have been developed to avoid numerical integration. These relations are
often used without knowing the assumptions and omissions under which they have been derived and how accurate they are. This
paper provides an overview of the relations for calculation of cable self- and mutual impedances. The accuracy of relations is
illustrated on a test example.
Key words: Power cables, self and mutual serial impedances.
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R-1.18
PRIMENA MODERNIH FEM SOFTVERA ZA ODREĐIVANJE

OTPORA UZEMLJENJA, NAPONA DODIRA I NAPONA KORAKA
Stevan STANIŠIĆ, Informatika AD, Srbija

Zoran RADAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
U poslednjih nekoliko godina moderna metoda konaĉnih elemenata (FEM) je postala pristupaĉna i postaje sve rasprostranjenija u
rešavanju razliĉitih inţenjerskih problema. To je omogućeno pre svega razvojem moćnih raĉunarskih resursa i razvojem softvera
baziranih na metodi konaĉnih elemenata. Moţe se reći da je pojava ovakvih softvera doprinela velikom pomaku u raznim oblastima
inţenjerske prakse, jer je zasnovana na rešavanju osnovnih jednaĉina fiziĉkih procesa. Softveri bazirani na metodi konaĉnih
elemenata su najĉešće "multiphysics" tipa i njima se obiĉno mogu rešavati razliĉiti procesi (raspodela elektriĉnog i magnetnog polja,
hidrauliĉki problemi, prenos toplote, mehanika itd.). Time se u velikoj meri prevazilazi potreba za specijalistiĉkim programima za
pojedine inţenjerske primene.
U ovom radu se prikazuje primena softvera na bazi metode konaĉnih elemenata na rešavanje raspodele potencijala u tlu u koje je
postavljen uzemljivaĉ. Osnovne veliĉine koje su od interesa za sisteme uzemljenja su: otpor uzemljenja, napon dodira i napon
koraka. Kompaktan prikaz kompletne procedure kojom se postiţe bezbednost pri nastanku zemljospoja u elektrodistributivnim
mreţama se moţe naći u [1]. U ovom radu akcenat je na primeni FEM softvera za odreĊivanje otpora uzemljenja i relativnu vrednost
napona dodira i koraka u odnosu na ukupni potencijal uzemljivaĉa u odnosu na udaljenu referentnu taĉku (koeficijenti kdT i kdS).
U radu će se prikazati rezultati za nekoliko tipiĉnih realnih uzemljivaĉa: cevni, konturni, kontura sa cevima i uzemljivaĉka
pravougaona mreţa. Prikazaće se rezultati za homogeno i dvoslojno tlo. TakoĊe, ilustrovaće se izgled raspodele potencijala i struje
u okolnom zemljištu oko uzemljivaĉa.
Cilj rada nije izvoĊenje jednostavnih, u praksi lako primenljivih formula, već prikaz ogromnih praktiĉnih mogućnosti koje pruţa
primena FEM softvera za rešavanje navedenih problema u oblasti sistema uzemljenja.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Metoda konaĉnih elemenata, FEM, Otpor uzemljenja, Napon dodira, Napon koraka, Višeslojno tlo.
APPLICATION OF MODERN FEM SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR DETERMINING

EARTHING RESISTANCE, TOUCH VOLTAGE AND STEP VOLTAGE
In the last few years a modern finite element method (FEM) has become available and more widespread in solving various
engineering problems. This is primarily the consequence of rapid appearance of computational resources and development of the
software based on finite element method. The appearance of such software contributed to the major breakthrough in many areas of
engineering, because it is based on solving the basic equations of physical processes. The FEM software is usually of ―multiphysics‖
type, and FEM based software can usually solve various kind of processes (distribution of electric and magnetic field, hydraulic
problems, heat transfer, mechanics etc.). This overcomes to a large degree the need for specialized methods for solving equations in
different engineering fields.
In this paper, the FEM based software is applied for solving distribution of potential in soil around a grounding system. The basic
parameters of interest for grounding systems are: grounding resistance, touch voltage and step voltage. A compact presentation of
the complete procedure to achieve safety during earth fault in utility networks can be found in [1]. In this paper, however, the accent
was on application of FEM based software in order to determine grounding resistance and relative value of touch and step voltage in
respect to ground potential rise (coefficients kdT i kdS).
Several different realistic grounding systems will be addressed in the paper: rod, loop, loop with rods and rectangular mesh. The
results for homogenous and two-layer soil will be presented. Overview of the potential and current distribution in the soil surrounding
the grounding system will be also illustrated.
The aim of this paper is not the derivation of simple formulas, easy to apply in practice, but the display of vast practical possibilities
that the FEM based software offers for solving above mentioned problems in the field of grounding systems.
Key words: Finite element method, FEM, Grounding resistance, Touch voltage, Step voltage, Multilayer soil.
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I-1.19
TIPIZACIJA DOPUNSKIH UZEMLJIVAĈA STUBOVA ZA SREDNJENAPONSKE

DISTRIBUTIVNE NADZEMNE VODOVE IZVEDENE GOLIM PROVODNICIMA
Milan OBRADOVIĆ, operator distributivnog sistema «EPS Distribucija» d.o.o., Srbija*

Dragana JOVANOVIĆ, operator distributivnog sistema «EPS Distribucija» d.o.o., Srbija
ĐorĊe GLIŠIĆ, u penziji, Srbija
Ovim radom dat je prikaz tipizacije dopunskih uzemljivaĉa stubova sa blok temeljom bez armature od metala i blok temeljom sa
armaturom od metala za srednjenaponske distributivne nadzemne vodove izvedene golim provodnicima, a sve u cilju izmena i
dopuna Teniĉke preporuke broj 9 Direkcije za distribuciju elektriĉne energije JP EPS.
Kljuĉne reĉi: stub, temelj, uzemljenje.
STANDARDIZATION OF SUPPLEMENTARY EARTHED POLES FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION LINES
PERFORMED BY BARE CONDUCTORS
This paper provides an overview of standardized grounding taking into account the fundamental grounding and fundamental
grounding prefabricated foundations, with the aim of amendments to Technical Recommendation No. 9 of the Directorate for
electricity distribution EPS.
Key words: pole, foundation, grounding.
I-1.20
ДОДАТНА ОПРЕМА И МЕРНИ УРЕЂАЈИ ЗА ДИЈАГНОСТИКУ СТАЊА МЕТАЛОКСИДНИХ ОДВОДНИКА ПРЕНАПОНА

СРЕДЊЕГ И ВИСОКОГ НАПОНА
В. ОСТРАЋАНИН, ЕПС Технички центар Краљево, Србија

С. ЂУРОВИЋ, ОДС ЕПС Дистрибуција огранак Краљево, Србија
Д. ЋЕТЕНОВИЋ, Факултет техничких наука Чачак, Србија
Уређаји који се најчешће користе за ефикасну заштиту елемената електроенергетског система су одводници пренапона.
Међутим, као и сви остали уређаји и за овај уређај је потребно вршити проверу да ли исти функционише или не.
Поред елемената који су саставни део одводника пренапона, oдносно додатна опрема, практично је вршити и одређена
мерења чијим поређењем у одређеном интервалу времена могу да се добију одређена упозорења да ће одводник отказати,
и да се треба обезбедити резервни, или га можда треба одмах заменити.
Kључне речи: Одводник пренапона, мрежни одвајач, мониторинг, бројач прорада одводника пренапона.
EQUIPMENT AND SOLUTION FOR MONITORING FOR HV AND LV SURGE ARRESTERS SUMMURY
Devices that are commonly used for effective protection of power system elements are surge arresters. However, like all other
devices and for this device need not check if the same works or not.
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In addition to the elements that are part of the surge arrester is practically performed and determined by comparing the
measurements of which a specified time interval can be obtained certain warnings that the arrester is canceled, and that it should
provide a spare, or it may need to be replaced immediately
Key words: surge arresters, monitoring.
I-1.21
ISPITIVANJE PRIBORA ZA NN SKS PREMA VAŢEĆIM EVROPSKIM STANDARDIMA I

PROBLEMI KOD PRIMENE U SRBIJI
Miroljub PETROVIĆ, EPS Distribucija d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Jagodina, Srbija
Prikaz najvaţnijih delova evropskih i svetskih standarda pribora za NN SKS i njihova primena u Srbiji. Osvrt na Tehniĉke preporuke
JP ELEKTROPRIVREDE SRBIJE BROJ 8a 1. izdanje oktobar 2015.g.
U uvodnom delu dat je kratak prikaz razliĉitih tipova evropskih i svetskih NN SKS-a (prikaz konstrukcija sa dimenzijama po HD 626
standardu). U glavnom delu analiza najbitnijih delova vaţećih CENELEC (evropski komitet za elektrotehniĉke standarde - Comite
Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnigue) standarde EN 50483 (od 50483-1 do EN 50483-6), koji su usvojeni u Srbiji 2010.g.
Uporedo sa njihovom analizom prikaz razlika u odnosu na nešto stroţije NF C standarde (NF C 33 020, 33 021, 33 040, 33 041, 33
042). Analiza pojedinih standarda ilustrovana je tabelama i skicama sklopova za ispitivanje. Poseban osvrt na standard EN 50483-6,
koji definiše naĉine veštaĉkog starenja uzoraka pribora pre samih ispitivanja. Na ovaj naĉin dobijamo relevantne podatke ispitivanja
(pribliţne stvarnim uslovima eksploatacije NN SKS-a i pratećeg pribora). U završnom delu rada, kratak prikaz pribora koji se koristi i
proizvodi u Srbiji (materijali koji se koriste u proizvodnji, fabriĉka testiranja i poteškoće sprovoĊenja valjanih ispitivanja).
Kljuĉne reĉi: Standardi (HD 626, EN 50483, NFC, DIN VDE; SFS), CENELEC,SKS (ABC), kablovski pribor.
TESTING ACCESSORIES FOR LV ABC APPLICABLE TO EUROPEAN STANDARDS AND

PROBLEMS WITH APPLICATION IN SERBIA
M. PETROVIĆ, EPS Distribution driver Belgrade, Branch of Jagodina, Serbia
Showing the most important parts of European and world standards accessories for ABC cables and their application in Serbia.
Review of the technical recommendations of JP Elektroprivreda SERBIAN No 8a Issue 1 October 2015. The introduction gives a
brief overview of different types of European and world LV ABC (display structures with dimensions according to HD 626 standard).
In the main part of the analysis of the most important parts of the applicable CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical
standarde- Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnigue) standards EN 50483 (of 50483-1 to EN 50483-6), which were
adopted in Serbia 2010. Along with their analysis show a difference compared to slightly more severe NF C standards (NF C 33 020,
33 021, 33 040, 33 041, 33 042). Analysis of specific standards is illustrated by tables and sketches circuits for testing. Special
reference to standard EN 50483-6, which defines ways for artificial aging of samples supplies a very testing. In this way, we obtain
relevant test data (approximate actual conditions of exploitation LV ABC and accessories). In the final part of the work, a brief
overview of accessories used and produced in Serbia (materials used in manufacturing, factory testing and the difficulties of
implementation of valid tests).
Keywords: Standards (HD 626, EN 50483, NFC, DIN VDE; SFS) CENELEC, SKS (ABC), cable accessories.
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R-1.22
НИВОИ НЕЈОНИЗУЈУЋИХ ЗРАЧЕЊА У ОКОЛИНИ

ТРАНСФОРМАТОРСКИХ СТАНИЦА 110/X kV
Маја ГРБИЋ, Дејан ХРВИЋ, Александар ПАВЛОВИЋ, Момчило ПЕТРОВИЋ, Бранислав ВУЛЕВИЋ
Електротехнички институт „Никола Тесла‖, Београд, Република Србија
У раду су анализирани нивои нејонизујућег зрачења индустријске учестаности који се јављају у околини трансформаторских
станица напонског нивоа 110/x kV. Анализа је заснована на резултатима мерења јачине електричног поља и магнетске
индукције у околини већег броја трансформаторских станица поменутог напонског нивоа. У циљу процене изложености
становништва нејонизујућем зрачењу, добијени резултати су упоређени са референтним граничним нивоима прописаним за
зоне повећане осетљивости, који износе 2 kV/m за електрично поље и 40 μТ за магнетску индукцију. Циљ спроведене
анализе је доношење општих закључака о нивоима нејонизујућих зрачења који се могу јавити у околини поменутих
трансформаторских станица, као и оцењивање усаглашености ових нивоа са националном регулативом из области заштите
становништва од нејонизујућих зрачења.
Кључне речи: трансформаторска станица 110/x kV, нејонизујуће зрачење, јачина електричног поља, магнетска индукција.
LEVELS OF NON-IONIZING RADIATION IN VICINITY OF 110/X KV SUBSTATIONS
The levels of power frequency non-ionizing radiation which occur in the vicinity of 110/x kV substations are analyzed in this paper.
The analysis is based on the results of measurements of electric field strength and magnetic flux density in the vicinity of a
considerable number of substations of the aforementioned voltage level. With the purpose of estimating the exposure of general
public to non-ionizing radiation, the obtained results were compared to the reference levels prescribed for areas of increased
sensitivity, which amount to 2 kV/m for electric field and 40 μT for magnetic flux density. The objective of the performed analysis is
reaching general conclusions on the levels of non-ionizing radiation which may occur in the vicinity of the abovementioned
substations and evaluation of compliance with the national regulations on the population protection from non-ionizing radiation.
Keywords: 110/x kV substation, non-ionizing radiation, electric field strength, magnetic flux density.
R-1.23
IZBOR STUBOVA U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA SA EKOLOŠKOG ASPEKTA
Andrija MITROVIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad,

Karolina KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ, Nikola ĐURIĆ, Dragan KLJAJIĆ
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad
Miroslav PRŠA, Novi Sad, Srbija
Razliĉiti tipovi distributivnih stubova uvek predstavljaju i razliĉitu prostornu konfiguraciju faznih provodnika, koji oko sebe stvaraju
razliĉite raspodele elektriĉnog i magnetskog polja. Sa stanovišta ekologije, odnosno sa stanovišta procene izloţenosti stanovništva
tim poljima, poznavanje raspodele polja je veoma bitno. Da bi elektriĉna i magnetska polja pojedinih konfiguracija faznih provodnika
mogla da se uporedite, u cilju pronalaţenja konfiguracije koja daje najmanji intenzitet vektora jaĉine elektriĉnog polja i vektora
magnetske indukcije, potrebno je da se proraĉuni izvrše pod istim uslovima. U skladu sa tim, posmatran je jedan naponski nivo,
jednako strujno opterećenje i fazni provodnici istih popreĉnih preseka. Pri tome je u skladu sa vaţećim standardima, najniţi fazni
provodnik svake konfiguracije postavljen na visinu od pet metara iznad zemlje.
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U okviru ovog rada uraĊen je niz proraĉuna u cilju odreĊivanja elektriĉnog i magnetskog polje u prostoru oko faznih provodnika
svake ispitane konfiguracije. Na osnovu preliminarnih rezultata, primećene su znaĉajne razlike u intenzitetima vektora jaĉine
elektriĉnog polja i vektora magnetske indukcije. Na osnovu toga se smatra da su ova istraţivanja opravdana sa stanovišta zaštite
ţivotne sredine od nedozvoljenih nivoa elektriĉnih i magnetskih polja.
U radu je za svaki ispitanu konfiguraciju faznih provodnika prikazan intenzitet vektora jaĉine elektriĉnog polja, kao i intenzitet vektora
magnetske indukcije na visini od jednog metra iznad zemlje. Na osnovu tih vrednosti donet je zakljuĉak koji tip distributivnog stuba
sa svojim rasporedom faznih provodnika ima najmanji uticaj na ţivotnu sredinu.
Svi proraĉuni su izvršeni numeriĉki, koristeći COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a raĉunarski programski paket, na dvodimenzionalnim
pojednostavljenim modelima distributivnih stubova i korišćenih faznih provodnika.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Nadzemna distributivna mreţa, vektor jaĉine elektriĉnog polja, vektor magnetske indukcije, ekologija
CHOICE OF TOWERS IN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS REGARDING ECOLOGICAL ASPECT
Different towers in electric power distribution networks have a different conductor configuration, which produce different electric and
magnetic fields. Regarding ecological aspect, it is very important to be well acquainted with those fields. In order to compare electric
and magnetic fields of different conductors configuration, searching for the one which gives the smallest magnitude of electric field
strength vector and magnetic density vector, it is important that the calculations are performed under the same conditions. Hence
one voltage level is chosen, the same currents in phase conductors are assumed and the same conductor’s are chosen for all
configurations. The lowest phase conductor for every tested configuration, according to standards, was put on a five meter above the
ground.
In this paper numerous calculations were performed to determine the electric and magnetic fields around every tested conductor’s
configuration. Based on the preliminary results, it was concluded that the magnitudes of electric field strength vector and magnetic
density vector differ significantly. Based on those results it is found that this research is very important for the environment.
In this paper the magnitude of the electric field strength vector and magnitude of magnetic density vector one meter above the
ground for every tested conductor configuration is calculated and presented graphically. Based on the results the conclusion which of
tested towers whit its conductor configuration has a smallest influence on the environment is given.
All calculations were carried out numerically, applying COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a computer program package on a simplified 2D
model of distribution towers.
Key words: Overhead electrical distribution network, electric field strength vector, magnetic density vector, ecology.
R-1.24
DEKONTAMINACIJA PCB KONTAMINIRANIH ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA U PD ELEKTROVOJVODINA
J. LUKIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, N. KOVAĈEVIĆ, J. JANKOVIĆ, S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ

Elektrotehniĉki institut ’’Nikola Tesla’’, Beograd
D.VORGIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o, Beograd
D. MATIĆ, JP EPS, Beograd
Piralen (polihlorovani bifenili - PCB), zbog svoje toksiĉnosti i velike postojanosti, nemogućnosti razgradnje i dobre rastvorljivosti u
masnim tkivima ţivih organizama, lako ulazi u lanac ishrane i predstavlja dugoroĉno opterećenje za ţivotnu sredinu (dugotrajni
organski zagaĊivaĉi, POPS, eng. Persistent organic pollutants). Iako je izbaĉen iz upotrebe kao izolaciona teĉnost u elektriĉnoj
opremi pre više od trideset godina, PCB i dalje predstavlja znaĉajan ekološki problem zbog prisutne kontaminacije mineralnih
izolacionih ulja PCB-om.
U radu je dat kratak osvrt na zakonsku regulativu, prikazana je statistika PCB pojave kontaminacije energetskih transformatora
20/10/0.4kV u ODS „EPS Distribucija―, Regionalni centar Elektrovojvodina i praktiĉna iskustva tokom procesa dekontaminacije PCB
kontaminiranih transformatora na terenu primenom procesa dehlorinacije ulja prema patentom zaštićenoj tehnologiji koja je u skladu
sa principima najbolje raspoloţive tehnologije (eng. Best Available Technology – BAT) i najbolje ekološke prakse (eng. Best
Environmental Practice – BEP). U Ograncima „Elektrodistribucija Novi Sad―, „Elektrodistribucija Subotica―, „Elektrodistribucija
Sombor―, „Elektrodistribucija Ruma― i „Elektrodistribucija Panĉevo― uspešno je izvršena dekontaminacija ukupno 96 transformatora, u
opsezima koncentracije PCB u ulju od 50 do 1000 ppm. U kratkim crtama u radu je opisan postupak dekontaminacije i kontrolnih
55
merenja korišćenih u svrhu praćenja efikasnosti procesa i verifikacije rezultata, uz prikaz rezultata karakteristika ulja nakon PCB
dekontaminacije i sadrţaja PCB u ulju tri meseca nakon izvršene dekontaminacije, radi verifikacije statusa „PCB dekontaminiranih
transformatora―.
Kljuĉne reĉi: piralen, energetski transformator, dekontaminacija, dehlorinacija.
DECONTAMINTION OF PCB CONTAMINATED POWER TRANSFORMERS IN PD ELEKTROVOJVODINA
Polychlorinated biphenyl’s (PCB) as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain in the environment over long period due to their
high stability and solubility in organic tissues. Nevertheless the use of PCB's in electrical apparatus is forbidden for more then 30
years, PCB contamination still present a serious ecological problem, mainly due to the number of transformers contaminated with
PCB's still running in service.
This paper provides short review of the regulations concerning PCBs, statistics of PCB occurrence in 20/10/0.4kV power
transformers in Distribution company, Elektrovojvodina and practical experiences with PCB decontamination on-site of 20/10/0.4kV
power transformers. Decontamination of PCB contaminated transformers was performed using patented technology based on oil
dechlorination, recognized to be in compliance with Best Available Technology (BAT) and Best Environmental Practice (BEP). Short
description of the process and on-site measurements performed for the control and verification of the process efficiency are
provided. Ninety six 20/10/0.4kV power transformers were successfully decontaminated, having PCB concentration in the range from
50 to 1000ppm. Process was performed on-site in „Elektrodistribucija Novi Sad―, „Elektrodistribucija Subotica―, „Elektrodistribucija
Sombor―, „Elektrodistribucija Ruma― and „Elektrodistribucija Panĉevo―. PCB content in the oil and oil properties after decontamination
are presented in this paper, as well as results of PCB content in the oil taken from transformers three months after decontamination
process, in order to verify the status transformers as „PCB decontaminated―.
Key words: PCB, power transformer, decontamination, dechlorination.
R-1.25
REGENERACIJA OSTARELIH TRANSFORMATORSKIH ULJA DOMAĆIM SORBENTIMA U CILJU PRODUŢENJA ŢIVOTNOG

VEKA TRANSFORMATORA
J. JANKOVIĆ, K. DRAKIĆ, V. VASOVIĆ, J. LUKIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Srbija

J. PLANOJEVIĆ, Proces projekt inţenjering, Srbija
Đ. JANAĆKOVIĆ, Đ. VELJOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu Tehnološko-Metalurški fakultet, Srbija
Proces regeneracije pogonski ostarelih izolacionih ulja je primenjivan do sada u praksi u našoj zemlji, kao i postupci istovremenog
sušenja i ispiranja izolacionog sistema i hemijske regeneracije ulja, koji su se zbog regeneracije ulja, temeljnog ispiranja i sušenja
ĉvrste izolacije pokazali kao delotvorni na produţenje radnog veka transformatora. Procesima regeneracije se iz korišćenih
mineralnih izolacionih ulja uklanjaju polarni produkti starenja i druga nepoţeljna jedinjenja. Postupci obrade ulja su opravdani i
veoma poţeljni, sa ekonomskog aspekta, radi uštede u nabavkama novih izolacionih ulja, a, sa ekološkog aspekta zbog smanjenja
koliĉine otpadnog ulja koja se generišu u elektroenergetskim sistemima i oĉuvanja postojećih resusrsa. Na efikasnost regenerativnog
postupka utiĉu hemijska i fiziĉka svojstva adsorbenta i parametri procesa kao što su: temperatura, koliĉina adsorbenta, vreme
kontakta (broj prolaza ulja kroz sloj adsorbenta), „dizajn opreme― i drugi parametri vezani za efikasnost adsorpcije: granulacija
adsorbenta, dimenzije kolone, odnos visine i preĉnika kolone (L/D), protok ulja kroz kolonu, itd. U radu je dat opis procesa
regeneracije ulja domaćim sorbentom sepiolitom, primenom perkolacionog postupka i prikaz variranja procesnih parametara u cilju
optimizacije procesa regeneracije i dobijanja regenerisanih ulja odgovarajućeg kvaliteta, koja mogu biti ponovo upotrebljiva u
elektriĉnoj opremi. Prikazani su uporedni rezultati optimizacije regeneracije ulja manjeg i većeg stepena ostarelosti u laboratorijskim
uslovima, kao i regeneracije mešavine otpadnih ulja na terenu. Uporednom analizom rezultata ispitivanja regenerisanih ulja
primenom razliĉitih adsorbenta, pokazana je veća efikasnost domaćeg sorbenta sepiolita u procesu uklanjanja produkata
degradacije u ulju, kao i visoka otpornost regenerisanih ulja na procese starenja u duţem vremenskom periodu, u odnosu na do
sada korišćeni adsorbent tuf. Uporednom analizom troškova regeneracije ulja u odnosu na zamenu ulja, u okviru tehno-ekonomske
analize, pored tehniĉke opravdanosti, potvrĊena je i ekonomska opravdanost procesa regeneracije ulja primenom domaćeg
sorbenta.
Kljuĉne reĉi: transformatorsko ulje, adsorbent, regeneracija, perkolacioni postupak, izolacioni sistem, tehno-ekonomska analiza.
56
OIL RECLAMATION PROCESSES WITH DOMESTIC SORBENT APPLIED IN POWER TRANSFORMER LIFE MANAGEMENT
The reclamation process of aged insulating oil has been applied in our country in last 30 years, as well as simultaneous processes of
insulation dry out and oil regeneration, which proved to be effective in extension of transformers working life. Reclamation processes
removes polar aging products and other undesirable compounds from aged mineral insulating oils. Oil reclamation processes are
justified and very desirable from an economic point of view, in order to reduce the cost of procurement of new insulating oil. From
environmental point of view, reclamation process is justified in order to reduce the amount of waste oil production, and for the
preservation of the natural resourses. Efficiency of oil regeneration process depends of chemical and physical properties of the
adsorbent, and process parameters, such as: temperature, amount of adsorbent, the contact time (the number of oil passes through
the layer of adsorbent), "design of equipment", and other parameters which are related to efficiency of the adsorption: adsorbents
granulation, column dimensions, the ratio of height and column diameter (L/D), the oil flow through the column, etc. Oil reclamation
performed with domestic sorbent sepiolite, using percolation process, is described in this paper, as well as variation the process
parameters, in order to optimize the reclamation process and obtain reclamated oils with appropriate quality, which can be reused in
electrical equipment. The results of oil reclamation process optimization, for oils with lower and higher degree of aging, in laboratory
conditions, as well as the results of the on-site treatment, are shown is this paper. Comparative analysis of two adsorbents, tuf
(previously used) and sepiolite (currently investigated) showed that sepiolite had higher efficiency in reclamation process. The
domestic sorbent has a high efficiency in removing degradation products from the oil, since reclaimed oil had high resistance to
ageing. Techno-economic analysis showed benefits of the reclamation process over oil change. It was found that the economy of the
reclamation process was the best for large power transformers.
Key words: transformer oil, adsorbent, regeneration, percolation process, insulation sistem, techno – economic analysis.
I-1.26
TRANSPORT ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA
M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, Srbija

B. TASIĆ, Energoremont Beograd, Srbija
D. VUKSANOVIĆ, Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, Beograd
Transport transformatora je znaĉajna operacija za nove i remontovane energetske transformatore. U radu su navedeni zahtevi za
pripreme za transport, kontrole u toku transporta, kontrole po prispeću na lokaciju i skladištenje energetskih transformatora prema
pravilima dobre prakse i zahtevima JP Elektroprivreda Srbije.
Kljuĉne reĉi: energetski transformator, transport, zahtevi, kontrole.
POWER TRANSFORMERS TRANSPORT
Transportation of transformers is significant operations for new and repaired transformers. This paper lists the requirements for
preparation for transport, inspections during transport, inspections after arrival at the location and storage of power transformers
according to the rules of good practice and the requirements of JP Elektroprivreda Serbia.
Keywords: power transformer, transportation, requirements, inspection.
57
I-1.27
MERENJE NIVOA BUKE ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA
M. RISTIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, I. BULATOVIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, Srbija

J. LAZIĆ, Institut Nikola Tesla, Beograd, Srbija
V. BOGDANOVIĆ, Institut za standardizaciju Srbije, Beograd
U radu je dato kako se meri nivo buke koju tokom rada proizvodi energetski transformator. Data je i verifikacija nivoa buke prema
zahtevima Internih standarda JP Elektroprivrede Srbije EPS IS 09-1 i EPS IS 09-2 i pravilima dobre prakse.
Kljuĉne reĉi: energetski transformator, nivo buke, merenje, interni standard.
MEASURING THE NOISE LEVEL OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
The paper presents how to measure the level of noise that power transformer emitted during its operation. Verification of noise levels
according to the requirements of internal standards of JP Elektroprivreda Serbia EPS IS 09-1 and EPS IS 09-2 and rules of good
practice is also given in this paper.
Keywords: power transformer, noise level, measurement, internal standard.
I-1.28
ИСПИТИВАЊЕ НИВОА ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ И МАГНЕТСКИХ ПОЉА НИСКИХ УЧЕСТАНОСТИ –

ЈЕДАН ПРИМЕР ОДРЕЂИВАЊА МЕРНЕ НЕСИГУРНОСТИ
Б. ВУЛЕВИЋ, М. ГРБИЋ
Електротехнички институт „Никола Тесла‖ а.д., Београд, Република Србија
Услед убрзаног технолошког развоја, нежељени нивои електричних, магнетских и електромагнетских поља у човековом
окружењу све су присутнији. Из наведеног разлога, становништво тражи информације о нивоима излагања временски
променљивим електричним и магнетским пољима у свом животном простору. За опсег ниских учестаности (0 Hz до 100 kHz),
пажња се усмерава на испитивања у непосредној околини система за пренос, дистрибуцију и коришћење електричне
енергије.
У циљу адекватне оцене излагања људи електричним и магнетским пољима, процена мерне несигурности игра све важнију
улогу.
Базирањем на примерима добре праксе, основна намера овог рада јесте приказ једног практичног решења за процену
мерне несигурности у случају мерења јачине електричног поља и магнетске индукције ниских учестаности на лицу места.
Кључне речи: електричнo пољe, магнетскo пољe, окружење, мерењe, несигурност.
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TESTING OF LOW FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD LEVELS – ONE EXAMPLE OF DETERMINING
MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
B. VULEVIĆ, M. GRBIĆ
Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla‖, Beograd, Serbia
Due to rapid technological development, unwanted levels of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the environment have
become omnipresent. In this sense, members of the public are requesting information about levels of exposure to time-varying
electric and magnetic fields in their living space. For low-frequency range (0 Hz – 100 kHz), attention is focused on survey in the
vicinity of the systems for transmission, distribution and use of electrical energy.
In order to adequately assess the exposure of people to electric and magnetic fields, estimation of measurement uncertainty plays
an increasingly important role.
Based on examples of good practice, the primary intention of this paper is to present a practical solution for the evaluation of the
measurement uncertainty in a case of in-situ measurement of low frequency electric field strength and magnetic flux density.
Keywords: electric field, magnetic field, environment, measurement, uncertainty.
Izveštaj STK 2
Struĉna komisija 2
KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I ELEKTROMAGNETNA KOMPATIBILNOST
Predsednik komisije: Prof. dr Vladimir KATIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, Serbia
IZVEŠTAJ STRUĈNIH IZVESTILACA ZA STK2
Prof. dr Vladimir KATIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
Doc. dr Vesna JAVOR, Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Niš, Srbija
Doc. Dr Boris DUMNIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
U okviru Struĉne komisije 2 - Kvalitet elektriĉne energije u elektrodistributivnim sistemima CIRED Srbije za X Savetovanje o
elektrodistributivnim mreţama sa regionalnim uĉešćem - CIRED Srbije 2016 predloţeno je 8 preferencijalnih tema:
1. Kvalitet isporuĉene elektriĉne energije (kvalitet napona) – viši harmonici, fliker, propadi napona, skokovi napona, kratki prekidi i
drugi poremećaji u napajanju potrošaĉa – uzroci, prostiranje, imunitet, eliminisanje, iskustva
2. UreĊaji i metode za merenje i monitoring kvaliteta elektriĉne energije (dijagnostiĉke metode, oprema, postupci i sl.)
3. Domaća i evropska tehniĉka regulativa o kvalitetu elektriĉne energije (standardizacija, tehniĉki propisi i postupci)
4. Uslovi prikljuĉenja nelinearnih potrošaĉa - viši harmonici, fliker, nesimetrija – izvori, prostiranje, uslovi prikljuĉivanja, metode
eliminisanja.
5. Uticaj nedovoljnog kvaliteta na rad potrošaĉa (tehniĉki problemi, energetska efikasnost, pouzdanost, finansijski efekti, odnosi sa
potrošaĉima...)
6. Prenaponi i zaštita od prenapona u distributivnim mreţama, elektromagnetna kompatibilnost
7. Poremećaji u uzemljenju i kvalitet elektriĉne energije
8. Prikljuĉenje i rad malih elektrana (distribuiranih generatora) i drugih obnovljivih izvora elektriĉne energije i kvalitet elektriĉne
energije (Tehniĉka preporuka 16 i sl.)
Za struĉne izvestioce Struĉna komisija je izabrala prof. dr Vladimira Katića, doc. dr Vesnu Javor i doc. dr Borisa Dumnića.
U sekretarijat CIRED-Srbije pristiglo je 30 prijava, koje su prihvaćene kao odgovarajuće. MeĊutim, u predviĊenom roku za prijem
radova stiglo je 23 kompletna rada. Svi radovi su recenzirani od strane kompetentnih recenzenata (doc. dr Boris Dumnić, doc. dr
Vesna Javor, prof. dr Vladimir Katić, prof. dr Lidija Korunović, doc. dr Dragan Milićević, prof. dr Veran Vasić). Nakon recenzije,
uraĊenih ispravki od strane autora i diskusije na Struĉnoj komisiji 19 radova su prihvaćeni kao referati, dok su 2 prihvaćeni kao
informacije.
Struĉna komisija je referate svrstala po preferencijalnim temama i to 8 radova u prvu, 2 rada u drugu temu, 1 rad u treću, 2 rada u
petu, 2 rada u šestu i 4 rada u osmu preferencijalnu temu. Obe informacije su svrstane u prvu temu.
59
U pripremanju ovog izveštaja struĉni izvestioci su koristili zapaţanja, komentare i pitanja recenzenata, na ĉemu im posebno
zahvaljujemo.
Kvalitet isporuĉene elektriĉne energije (kvalitet napona) – viši harmonici, fliker, propadi napona, skokovi napona, kratki
prekidi i drugi poremećaji u napajanju potrošaĉa – uzroci, prostiranje, imunitet, eliminisanje, iskustva
R-2.01 KAKO POSTIĆI PRESTIŢNU POUZDANOST I KVALITET U ISPORUCI ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE

Autori: D. ĈOMIĆ, D. CVETINOV, M. POROBIĆ, Ţ. TANJGA, S. MILIVOJEV
"EPS Distribucija", Ogranak elektrodistribucija Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Srbija
U radu je razmatran problem pouzdanosti, kao mere kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije potrošaĉima. Prikazani su konkretni
podaci o trajanju prekida i pokazateljima pouzdanosti za mreţu na teritoriji Elektrodistribucije Novi Sad. Izvršena je analiza prekida i
utvrĊeni uzroci. Na kraju je dat odgovor na postavljeno pitanje iz naslova rada, odnosno dati su predlozi mera u oblasti odrţavanja
elemenata elektrodistributivnog (ED) sistema i u oblasti upravljanja ED sistemom u cilju postizanja prestiţne pouzdanosti.
1. Da li bi se mogao definisati jedinstveni parametar kao merilo pouzdanosti i kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije u nekoj mreţi?
2. Da li je moguće predviĊanje mesta i vremena ispada na bazi istorijskih podataka?
3. Da li moţete da ocenite stanje pouzdanosti i kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije u ostalim delovima elektrodistributivne mreţe
(van ED Novi Sad)?
4. Ako bi se primenile predloţene mere, kakav bi efekat imale u duţem vremenskom periodu?
5. Da li bi se predloţene mere mogle isto tako uspešno primeniti i u drugim ED?
R-2.02 ANALIZA POKAZATELJA KVALITETA ISPORUKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DEES SRBIJE

Autori: M. BAĈLIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o. Beograd, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad,
M. RADIĆ, JP EPS Beograd, Tehniĉki centar, Novi Sad,
Ţ. POPOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Subotica", Subotica, Srbija
Pokazatelji neprekidnosti isporuke elektriĉne energije, SAIFI, SAIDI i CAIDI se uobiĉajeno prate u svim delovima DEES Srbije, dok
se u Elektrovojvodini prati i neisporuĉena elektriĉna energija ENS od 2002. godine. Pokazatelj ENS se ne bazira na broju pogoĊenih
korisnika distributivnog sistema nego na njihovoj potrošnji. Pouzdanost pojedinih objekata – delova DEES: TS VN/SN, SN/NN i
delova mreţe se takoĊe moţe posmatrati kroz ove pokazatelje pouzdanosti.
U radu su prikazani pokazatelji SAIFI i SAIDI za šest poslednjih godina u pet ED preduzeća u Srbiji, zatim naĉini dobijanja
pokazatelja ENS koji se koriste u Elektrovojvodini i njihovo meĊusobno poreĊenje. Na kraju je prikazan i ekvivalntni pokazatelj
pouzdanosti EPP, koji kombinuje SAIDI, SAIFI i ENS kao jedinstveni parametar prilikom ocenjivanja pouzdanosti pojedinih objekata
EES. Na osnovu uporednog prikaza praćenja pokazatelja kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije u delovima DEES Srbije sagledane
su pozicije svih delova i izvedeni zakljuĉci u kom pravcu treba usmeriti aktivnosti u narednom periodu.
1. Kako uopšte ocenjujete rad na praćenju i prikupljanju podataka o radu sistema u DEES-u Srbije, poĉevši od osnovnih podataka
o isporuĉenoj elektriĉnoj energiji, parametrima kvaliteta, pa do pokazatelja pouzdanosti rada i dr.?
2. Da li bi se primenom predloţenog jedinstvenog parametra pouzdanosti (EPP) moglo vršiti planiranje aktivnosti na odrţavanju i
zameni komponenti ili objekata EES-a, ili je on pogodan samo za meĊusobno poreĊenje delova EES-a?
3. Da li je praćenje ENS-a doprinelo kvalitetnijem radu mreţe Elektrovojvodine?
R-2.03 INTERAKCIJA MREŢE I KORISNIKA NA KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE

Autori: J. ĈARNIĆ, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, Novi Sad,
R. MILANKOV, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, pogon Zrenjanin,
M. RADOSAVLJEV, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Srbija
Prenosna mreţa i njeni korisnici, kao i distributivna mreţa i njeni korisnici, u meĊusobnim interakcijama i svojim radom utiĉu i trpe
posledice kada je u pitanju narušavanje parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne energije. U radu su prikazani rezultati Komisije za merenje
kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u Elektrovojvodini, koja se već više od ĉetiri godine bavi monitoringom parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne
energije. Klasifikovani su dobijeni rezultati prema: razlogu merenja, vrsti interakcije, mestu nastanka smetnje i smeru generisanja
pojave. Na osnovu ovih rezultata merenja mogu se uoĉiti generisane smetnje koje utiĉu na rad potrošaĉa kod ostalih kupaca, kao i
na potencijalni problem, koji moţe postati izraţeniji u daljem periodu.
Rad je veoma vaţan jer daje neke podatke o stanju kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u distributivnoj mreţi. Posebno su dragoceni prikazi
propada napona kod velikih industrijskih potrošaĉa, tehniĉki detalji i analiza uzroka pojave. Ipak, dalji tok problema je ostao za neki
drugi rad.
60
1. Da li Komisija za merenje kvaliteta elektriĉne energije ima sluţbu za stalno praćenje kvaliteta ili radi samo po prituţbama
potrošaĉa?
2. Da li rezultati rada Komisije utiĉu na planiranje i odrţavanje mreţe?
3. Koji je dalji postupak rešavanja problema prituţbi potrošaĉa?
R-2.04 ANALIZA KVALITETA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DEREGULISANOM ELEKTROENERGETSKOM

SISTEMU
Autori: B. ĈUPIĆ, Visoka škola elektrotehnike i raĉunarstva strukovnih studija, Beograd,
A. MARKOVIĆ, Agencija za energetiku Republike Srbije, Beograd,
Ţ. MARKOVIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd,
B. GRUJIĈIĆ, Elektromreţe Srbije, Beograd,
B. ARSIĆ, Elektromreţe Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
U radu su dati osnovni pojmovi o kvalitetu elektriĉne energije i kljuĉni parametri za njegovu ocenu, koji su dobro poznati struĉnoj
javnosti. Vrednost rada predstavljaju mereni podaci i njihova analiza. Prikazano je ispitivanje ĉinilaca kvaliteta elektriĉne energije na
srednje-naponskom distributivnom nivou kroz rezultate merenja parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne energije 10 kV razvoda, sa koga se
napaja stara zgrada Nacionalnog Dispeĉerskog Centra (NDC), Elektromreţe Srbije u Beogradu. Uoĉena su odstupanja parametara
kvaliteta elektriĉne energije za propad napona, tranzijentne varijacije napona i prekomerne varijacije napona napajanja. Za ove
pojave je uraĊena analiza i predloţena su neka moguća rešenja.
1. Kakvo je stanje kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u deregulisanom sistemu u odnosu na ranije stanje?
2. Da li je pogoršanje/poboljšanje kvaliteta elektriĉne energije posledica deregulacije? Šta je vaše mišljenje?
3. Šta se moţe konkretno oĉitati iz izveštaja datog na slici 3? Da li se dobijaju neki podaci, dijagrami i sl., koji bi mogli da posluţe
za analizu dogaĊaja?
R-2.05 KVALITETA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U INDUSTRIJSKOM SEKTORU

Autor: I. RAMLJAK, J.P ―Elektroprivreda HZ-HB‖ d.d., Mostar, Bosna i Hercegovina
U ovom referatu su predstavljeni rezultati merenja kvaliteta elektriĉne energije za ĉetiri razliĉita tipa industrijskih potrošaĉa na mestu
prikljuĉenja tih postrojenja na distribucijsku mreţu. Merenja i analize su izvršene prema EN 50160 i referentnim IEEE standardima. U
pitanju su ĉetiri tipa postrojenja: fabrika armaturnih mreţa, veliki projektni biro sa preko 100 raĉunara i server salom, fabrika za
preradu PVC-a i plastike, te štamparija. Rezultati dobijeni merenjem ukazuju na to da postoje odreĊena odstupanja po pitanju
kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u odnosu na standarde. Ti problemi pojavljuju se jednim delom zbog stanja u distributivnoj mreţi, koja
napaja ove potrošaĉe, a jednim delom zbog same tehnologije rada svakog tipa industrijskog postrojenja posebno. Na osnovu tih
rezultata se mogu sanirati postojeći problemi i spreĉiti potencijalni problemi po pitanju kvaliteta elektriĉne energije.
1. Koliko su ozbiljna uoĉena odstupanja parametara kvaliteta kod posmatranih industrijskih potrošaĉa uzimajući u obzir
meĊunarodne standarde?
2. Da li su uoĉene neke negativne pojave u funkcionisanju ovih industrijskih potrošaĉa ili u njihovoj elektriĉnoj okolini?
3. Da li se ocene date za ove industrijske potrošaĉe mogu uopštiti i za ostale, odnosno da li moţete proceniti stanje kvaliteta
elektriĉne energije kod industrijskih potrošaĉa u Mostaru?
R-2.06 PROBLEMATIKA MERENJA NAPONA U SREDNJENAPONSKOJ MREŢI SA SLOŢENOPERIODIĈNIM

NAPONOM
Autori: D. ĈOMIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Novi Sad, Novi Sad,
D. PEJIĆ, Z. MITROVIĆ, B. ANTIĆ, P. SOVILJ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi
Sad, Srbija
Rad se bavi problematikom merenja napona u SN mreţi, praćenjem kvaliteta napona napajanja u SN mernoj ćeliji ili na mestu
predaje energije kupcu. U radu je opisana upotreba konvencionalnih naponskih mernih transformatora (NMT), kao i novih NMT bez
feromagnetnog jezgra.
Dat je prikaz novog merila sloţenoperiodiĉnog napona na principu otporniĉkog razdelnika na primarnom namotaju i vezivanjem
integrisanog merila harmonika na sekundarni namotaj bez magnetnog jezgra. Rad predstavlja vredan istraţivaĉki doprinos grupe
autora u kome je prikazano ispitivanje nekonvencionalnog NMT primenom stohastiĉke metode uz upotrebu integrisanog merila
harmonika.
1. Koji je opseg primene predloţenog modela?
2. Koja je prednost ovog u odnosu na druge modele merenja i da li se planira primena u praksi?
3. Da li je isti model primenljiv i na visoke napone i uz koje modifikacije?
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R-2.07 MERENJE VIŠIH HARMONIKA NA FAKULTETU TEHNIĈKIH NAUKA U NOVOM SADU
Autori: V. A. KATIĆ, Z. ĈORBA, D. MILIĆEVIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, B. POPADIĆ
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka (FTN) iz Novog Sada obrazuje više od 14.000 studenata, a nastava se odvija u prostoru od oko 30.000 m 2
u sedam zasebnih objekata. Pored nastavnih prostora, tu se nalazi i veliki broj laboratorija sa razliĉitom istraţivaĉkom opremom,
jedan centralni i više distribuiranih raĉunarskih centara i uĉionica sa velikim brojem raĉunara i druge raĉunarske opreme, te niz
drugih pratećih sistema i pogona. Prikljuĉene su i dve foto-naponske elektrane, kao izvori „zelene― energije. Kao rezultat njihovog
rada u pojedinim segmentima unutrašnje elektriĉne mreţe fakulteta pojavljuje se viši ili niţi stepen „zagaĊenja― višim harmonicima,
što predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost od ispoljavanja neţeljenih negativnih efekata.
Da bi se utvrdio stepen rizika, na FTN se sprovode regularna godišnja merenja svih parametara kvaliteta u skladu sa evropskim i
srpskim standardom EN/SRPS 50160. Koristi se savremena merna oprema, koja ispituje parametre kvaliteta u skladu sa zahtevima
ovih standarda - instrument C.A. 8332, proizvoĊaĉa Chauvin Arnoux.
U radu su prikazani neki karakteristiĉni rezultati merenja viših harmonika na FTN, zatim analizirani njihovi uzroci, te utvrĊen stepen
opasnosti od pojave nekih od negativnih efekata njihove pojave u mreţi poreĊenjem rezultata sa podacima (limitima) propisanim u
postojećoj zakonskoj regulativi i standardima.
Rad predstavlja korisnu informaciju i iskustvo za struĉnu javnost u pogledu stanja kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u jednoj javnoj
obrazovnoj, nauĉno-istraţivaĉkoj instituciji. Poseban znaĉaj ovim rezultatima daje podatak da se na mreţi nalaze prikljuĉena u
operativnom radu i dva mala izvora elektriĉne energije – solarne FN elektrane.
1. Kakav je opšti zakljuĉak o stanju kvaliteta elektriĉne energije na FTN, s obzirom da se ovakva merenja provode već niz godina?
2. Viši harmonici struje ĉesto imaju velike vrednosti. Koliko je to opasno za sistem i druge potrošaĉe?
3. Da li su u dosadašnjem iskustvu ova merenja otkrila neki potencijalni nagoveštaj mogućih problema u mreţi? Koje ste mere
preduzeli?
R-2.08 ANALIZA INDUKOVANE ELEKTROMOTORNE SILE U FAZNIM PROVODNICIMA DISTRIBUTIVNOG

NADZEMNOG VODA USLED POJAVE JEDNOFAZNOG ZEMLJOSPOJA NA VISOKONAPONSKOM
PRENOSNOM VODU
Autori: M. GRBIĆ, A. PAVLOVIĆ, D. SALAMON,
Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija
Rad predstavlja analizu i rezultate proraĉuna ems koja se indukuje u faznim provodnicima 35kV distributivnog nadzemnog voda
usled 1f zemljospoja na VN prenosnim vodovima nivoa 400kV u blizini distributivnog voda, radi analize najkritiĉnijeg sluĉaja za
bezbednost radnika prilikom prikljuĉenja nove transformatorske stanice. Rad ima i istraţivaĉki i praktiĉni doprinos.
1. Pojednostavljenje problema da su sva tri voda na istoj visini je nerealno zbog ukrštanja. Na koji naĉin je ustanovljeno da nema
znaĉajnih odstupanja usled ovog pojednostavljenja?
2. Kako je utvrĊen dovoljan broj podsegmenata po deonicama za proraĉun ems (Tabele 1 i 2)? Zašto je npr. za deonicu III izabran
samo 1 podsegment za 450m, a za deonicu IV treba 2 za 90m za 451/1, a 6 za 451/2? Npr. zašto je za deonicu I uzeto 8 za
451/1, a 3 za 451/2?
3. Pošto je gama u izrazima (1), (2), (3) i (5) po dimenzijama reciproĉna vrednost duţine, da li bi trebalo izostaviti jedinicu metar
koja mnoţi izraze 0,5/gama i 5/gama u (6) pri poreĊenju sa duţinom Do?
Uređaji i metode za merenje i monitoring kvaliteta elektriĉne energije (dijagnostiĉke metode, oprema, postupci i sl.)
R-2.09 PRIKAZ FAMILIJE TERENSKIH INSTRUMENATA SOPSTVENOG RAZVOJA ZA REGISTRACIJU

KVALITETA ELEKTRICNE ENERGIJE TROFAZNE MREŢE OD 0.4KV (PO STANDARDU EN50160) SA
MOGUCNOŠCU DALJINSKOG OCITAVANJA PREKO GPRS VEZE
Autori: I. ĈASAR, Villbek D.o.o., Segedin, MaĊarska
K. PALUŠEK, Palušek inţinjering, Segedin, MaĊarska
U ovom radu prikazana je novo razvijena familija terenskih instrumenata (IP67 izvedbe), koja sluţi za merenje i registraciju kvaliteta
elektriĉne energije na elektriĉnim mreţama od 0,4kV. UreĊaji u unapred zadatom vremenskom intervalu mere i sakupljaju proseĉne,
maksimalne i minimalne podatke, kao i talasne oblike, koji su se pojavili pod unapred definisanim uslovima. Ti podaci se smeštaju u
internoj memoriji i prenose se GPRS vezom u centralni server. Tim podacima je moguće pristupiti i preko interneta.
Rad je interesantan, jer se u ovoj oblasti sve više oseća potreba za praktiĉnim mernim sistemima, pogodnim za merenja na terenu.
Ipak, autori su propustili da napomenu koje su prednosti predloţenog rešenja u odnosu na već postojeća.
1. Koje su prednosti predloţenog rešenja u odnosu na već postojeća?
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2. U radu je navedeno „Sakupljeni parametri se skladište u sledećem obliku: minimalna i maksimalna vrednost tokom perioda
sakupljanja, proseĉna vrednost u tom periodu.‖ Da li je to u potpunosti tako? Ako DA, kako se odreĊuju statistiĉki parametri,
95% verovatnoća i dr?
3. Da li je ureĊaj uraĊen u skladu sa EN 50160? Da li su primenjeni i neki drugi standardi?
R-2.10 PRIMENA SEMONT SISTEMA ZA MONITORING EM POLJA VISOKIH FREKVENCIJA U OKOLINI

TRAFO STANICE 110/x kV “NOVI SAD 7”
Autori: G. NEDIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Novi Sad,
D. ANTIĆ, D. KLJAJIĆ, N. ĐURIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
Rad prikazuje primenu Semont sistema za monitoring EM polja visokih frekvencija, pa ima istraţivaĉki, kao i praktiĉni doprinos.
Prenos informacija putem beţiĉnih komunikacionih veza odvija se na frekvencijama koje je moguće nadgledati Semont sistemom, ali
je veoma interesantan problem EM polja niskih frekvencija koje je od interesa u sluĉaju transformatorskih stanica u gradskim
podruĉjima.
1. Da li se vrši monitoring EM polja niskih frekvencija u okolini gradskih transformatorskih stanica?
2. Da li autori rada mogu proceniti da li su za odabrane merne taĉke prekoraĉene vrednosti na niskim frekvencijama i za koliko?
3. Ako je u prvoj fazi formirana mreţa mernih taĉaka nad izabranom lokacijom, u kojim taĉkama je uoĉen maksimum i zašto je
izabran baš dati poloţaj lokacija L1 i L2? Zašto u trećoj fazi taĉka P7 nije razmatrana (Tabela 3), ako je imala istu vrednost
maksimalnog polja kao taĉka P6? Osim vrednosti za jaĉinu elektriĉna polja, da li su razmatrani i drugi limiti za izlaganje ljudi
nejonizujućim zraĉenjima?
Domaća i evropska tehniĉka regulativa o kvalitetu elektriĉne energije (standardizacija, tehniĉki propisi i postupci)
R-2.11 KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I PROPISI

Autor: R. MILANKOV, Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad, ED Zrenjanin, Pogon Kikinda, Kikinda, Srbija
U radu je dat presek stanja zakonskih, podzakonskih akata i akata organizacija koje imaju dodirnih taĉaka sa kvalitetom elektriĉne
energije. Većina standarda iz domena kvaliteta elektriĉne energije je dostupna u domaćem izdanju, izdati su i objavljeni pod SRPS
prefiksom – ima ih 69. Nijedan od ovih standarda nema obavezujuću teţinu.
MeĊutim, svakodnevna praksa i najĉešće postavljana pitanja u reklamacijama korisnika distributivnog elektroenergetskog sistema
pokazuju nuţnu potrebu za uvoĊenjem pojedinih parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u zakonske okvire. Tako, na primer,
dokumenti za prikljuĉenje, poĉevši od Ugovora o prodaji elektriĉne energije za javno snabdevanje, do zakonskih i drugih akata, na
dosta uopšten naĉin opisuju tehniĉke i druge aspekte isporuĉene robe, u ovom sluĉaju elektriĉne energije, koja je po svojoj prirodi
posebna. To zahteva kvalitetnija rešenja i regulativu.
1. Kakva je situacija u primeni postojećih zakonskih rešenja?
2. Koliko se koriste i primenjuju standardi o kvalitetu elektriĉne energije?
3. Da li ima problema u implementaciji standarda o kvalitetu elektriĉne energije u našim uslovima, s obzirom da su oni najĉešće
samo prevedeni IEC standardi?
Uticaj nedovoljnog kvaliteta na rad potrošaĉa (tehniĉki problemi, energetska efikasnost, pouzdanost, finansijski efekti,
odnosi sa potrošaĉima...)
R-2.12 ANALIZA UTICAJA KVARA KOMPENZACIJE REAKTIVNE SNAGE NA RAD MODERNIH ELEKTRONSKIH
DVOSMERNIH BROJILA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Autori: B. HOLIK, EPS Distribucija, Beograd, S. MARĈETA, EPS Distribucija, Srbija
U radu je izvršena analiza nepravilnosti rada kompenzacije reaktivne snage koja se moţe uoĉiti na mernim mestima sa modernim
elektronskim dvosmernim brojilima. Istaknuta je prednost ovakvih brojila u odnosu na indukciona, jer omogućavaju uoĉavanje i
otklanjanje ovakvih kvarova. Rad ima svoj inţenjerski doprinos, jer analizira primer iz prakse. Zakljuĉeno je da se neki problemi
kompenzacije reaktivne snage mogu rešiti zbog novih mogućnosti praćenja parametara mernog mesta koje pruţa korišćenje
modernih elektronskih brojila.
1. Osim navedenog primera, da li su uoĉeni i analizirani sluĉajevi drugih kvarova koje je moguće uoĉiti ukoliko se primenjuju
moderna elektronska brojila umesto indukcionih?
2. Koliko je ovakva analiza finansijski znaĉajna za isporuĉioce elektriĉne energije i za potrošaĉe?
3. Da li moţete da procenite i druge pogodnosti praćenja parametara mernog mesta zbog korišćenja modernih elektronskih
dvosmernih brojila elektriĉne energije?
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R-2.13 GREŠKE AUTOMATSKE REGULACIJE NAPONA SA PRIMERIMA
Autor: S. SPREMIĆ, J.P. EPS, Tehniĉki centar N.Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Novi Sad, Srbija
U radu je dat pregled mogućih uzroka neispravnog rada automatske regulacije napona i opisano nekoliko posebnih sluĉajeva koji se
odnose na neispravno uvezivanje, grešku ureĊaja ukljuĉenog u automatsku regulaciju napona i grešku projektovanja. Prikazana je
detaljna analiza za sluĉajeve: 1) višestrukog neispravnog uvezivanja ureĊaja ARN i dodataka za paralelni rad; 2) paralelovanih
sekundara naponskih transformatora; 3) neispravnog uvezivanja dodataka za paralelni rad. Zakljuĉeno je da je ARN pod
opterećenjem vaţan deo zaštite i upravljanja, ĉiji je osnovni zadatak da odrţava napon na ţeljenom nivou, a u sluĉaju paralelnog
rada da poveća pouzdanost napajanja i smanji gubitke optimalnom ravnomernom raspodelom opterećenja po transformatorima.
1. Koji problemi se javljaju usled kvarova i neispravnog rada automatske regulacije napona i kako se oni mogu otkloniti?
2. Koliko ĉesto se javljaju problemi usled neispravnog rada automatske regulacije napona i sa kakvim posledicama?
3. Da li se moţe proceniti materijalna šteta od ljudskih grešaka kao što je neispravno projektovanje, izvoĊenje i proraĉun?
Prenaponi i zaštita od prenapona u distributivnim mreţama, elektromagnetna kompatibilnost
R-2.14 PROBLEMI U RADIJALNOJ MREŢI SREDNJEG NAPONA SA IZOLOVANOM NEUTRALNOM TAĈKOM

NASTALI USLED FEROREZONANSE
Autori: S. MILORADOVIĆ, M. STANKOVIĆ, P.D.‖Termoelektrane i kopovi Kostolac‖ d.o.o., Kostolac, Srbija
Rad predstavlja interesantnu analizu praktiĉnih problema nastalih u radijalnoj mreţi SN sa izolovanom neutralnom taĉkom usled
ferorezonanse i daje naĉine rešavanja ovakvih problema. Posebno su razmatrani problemi pregorevanja naponskih induktivnih
transformatora, neselektivnog reagovanja zemljospojne usmerene zaštite izvoda transformatorske stanice, ometanja rada odvodnika
prenapona u mreţi sa izolovanom neutralnom taĉkom i problemi pri asimetriji energetskog transformatora kao potrošaĉa.
1. Koji su optimalni naĉini otklanjanja problema ferorezonanse u radijalnoj mreţi?
2. Koji od prikazanih problema su najĉešći u mreţi SN, a koji sa najteţim posledicama za mreţu?
3. Da li postoji uticaj razliĉitih tipova odvodnika prenapona na ovakve probleme?
R-2.15 PROBLEM ZAŠTITE 35 KV POSTROJENJA SA IZOLOVANOM NEUTRALNOM TAĈKOM U PLANINSKOM

PODRUĈJU OD PRENAPONA
Autori: M. SAVIĆ, R. KOVAĈIĆ, M. ŢARKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija
M. MIJIĆ, Elnos BL, Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina
M. BANJANIN, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Istoĉno Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
Kako bi se istraţili mogući uzroci, uraĊena je studija atmosferskih prenapona kada su vodovi 35kV sa zaštitnim uţetom na
kamenitom terenu ispred postrojenja pogoĊeni atmosferskim udarom. Izvršena su eksperimentalna istraţivanja kontrolisanog
jednopolnog zemljospoja sa lukom u 35kV sistemu. UraĊena je i raĉunarska simulacija prenapona pri jednopolnom zemljospoju sa
lukom. Rad je veoma interesantan i ilustrovan je odgovarajućim primerima iz prakse.
1. Koji sistem za detekciju atmosferskih praţnjenja omogućava uvid u gustinu atmosferskih praţnjenja na podruĉju Bosne i
Hercegovine, kolika je pouzdanost tih podataka i da li je uraĊeno poreĊenje podataka?
2. Koja je procena broja i tipa odvodnika prenapona koje bi trebalo dodatno postaviti i gde?
3. Da li je u programu za proraĉun atmosferskih prenapona moguće uzeti u obzir i nagib terena na kome se nalazi postrojenje,
stubovi i vodovi?
Prikljuĉenje i rad malih elektrana (distribuiranih generatora) i drugih obnovljivih izvora elektriĉne energije i kvalitet
elektriĉne energije (Tehniĉka preporuka 16 i sl.)
R-2.16 ANALIZA UTICAJA SOLARNE ELEKTRANE NA KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE DISTRIBUTIVNE

MREŢE
Autori: H. SALKIĆ, A. BIJEDIĆ, A. SOFTIĆ, JP EP BiH Elektrodistribucija Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina
U radu je predstavljeno istraţivanje uticaja jedne male solarne elektrane na kvalitet elektriĉne energije u distributivnoj mreţi.
Razmatrana elektrana ima instalisanu snagu 21,5kWp i planiranu godišnju proizvodnju od 23.865MWh. Solarna elektrana je na
distributivnu mreţu prikljuĉena preko trasnformatorske stanice 10/0,4kV, snage 100kVA, napojnim kablom X00–A 4x70mm2.
Izvršena su merenja u skladu sa Tehniĉkom preporukom TP-17 JP Elektroprivrede BiH, odnosno ispitivan je kriterijum dozvoljene
snage, kriterijum kratkog spoja, kriterijum flikera i kriterijum dozvoljenih struja viših harmonika. Na osnovu merenja na licu mesta i
obrade mernih podataka moţe se zakljuĉiti da je samo jedanput došlo do narušavanja graniĉne vrednosti standarda. To se desilo sa
flikerom dugog trajanja, koji je samo u jednom obraĉunskom periodu prekoraĉio graniĉnu vrednost 1, te je iznosio 1,8284. Svi ostali
parametri su unutar granica koje odreĊuje standard i to uglavnom daleko od graniĉnih vrednosti.
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Rad je veoma interesantan, jer daje praktiĉna iskustva i performanse rada jedne solarne elektrane. TakoĊe, prikazuje naĉin rada i
iskustva struĉnjaka iz regiona u vezi sa zahtevima prikljuĉenja malih elektrana.
1. Solarna fotonaponska elektrana ima instalisanu snagu FN panela od 21,5 kWp. Koji je razlog da se elektrana ove snage na
distributivnu mreţu povezuje preko transformatorske stanice 10/0,4 kV snage 100 kVA?
2. U zakljuĉku navodite da se energija iz elektrane troši direktno na mestu proizvodnje bez transformacije na više naponske nivoe.
Molimo Vas da objasnite da li se proizvedena energija iz solarne elektrane prenosi preko transformatorske stanice 10/0,4 kV u
10kV distributivnu mreţu ili su na 0,4 kV strani ove transformatorske stanice prikljuĉeni drugi NN potrošaĉi?
3. Kakva je zaštita predmetne solarne fotonaponske elektrane od ostrvskog reţima rada?
R-2.17 ZAJEDNIĈKI UTICAJ FOTONAPONSKIH SISTEMA I ELEKTRIĈNIH AUTOMOBILA NA HARMONIJSKO

IZOBLIĈENJE STRUJA U URBANIM DISTRIBUTIVNIM SISTEMIMA
Autori: D. TOVILOVIĆ, N. RAJAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Srbija
Rad je proizašao iz rezultata nauĉnih istraţivanja pretpostavke pojave velikog broja malih solarnih elektrana i urbanih punjaĉa za
elektriĉna vozila. Radom je analizirana aktuelna problematika integracije fotonaponskih sistema i elektriĉnih vozila u postojeći
distributivni sistem. Naglašeno je da pogoršanje kvaliteta elektriĉne energije moţe biti direktna posledica integracije ovih sistema i
njihovog jednovremenog rada.
Rad je interesantan jer posmatra jednu moguću buduću situaciju u manjem gradu, gde se u distributivnoj mreţi pojavljuju s jedne
strane mali generatori, a sa druge mali potrošaĉi/generator i sve to u relativno velikom broju. Ipak, mada se posmatra hipotetiĉka
situacija, rad je mogao imati veću dozu realnosti (objektivnosti), odnosno prikazana analiza je mogla biti bazirana na uslovima koji se
mogu oĉekivati u dogledno vreme.
1. Kakvo je trenutno opredeljenje stanovništva u Doboju i okolini u vezi primene obnovljivih izvora energije, s obzirom na izgradnju
termoelektrane u Stanarima?
2. Koliko je realno da na teritoriji grada Doboja u skorije vreme imamo situaciju da na industrijsku potrošnju od 180 kW bude
instalirano 150kW solarnih FN sistema?
3. Na bazi kojih parametara (predviĊanja) ste ocenili da je potrebno instalirati punjaĉe na parkingu za 66 elektriĉnih vozila, a da se
oĉekuje da se u radno vreme u kućama puni 34 vozila?
R-2.18 REGULACIJA NAPONA U NISKONAPONSKIM MREŢAMA SA DISTRIBUIRANOM PROIZVODNJOM

Autori: I. DIMITRIJEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Direkcija za upravljanje DEES, Novi Sad,
S. SPREMIĆ, J.P. EPS, Tehniĉki centar N.Sad, Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Novi Sad, Srbija
Mada ne sadrţi samostalni istraţivaĉki rad, ovaj rad daje prikaz tehniĉkih rešenja regulacije napona u NN mreţama sa
distribuiranom proizvodnjom elektriĉne energije, njihovih karakteristika i podruĉja primene. U radu je zakljuĉeno da korišćenje
distribuiranih izvora u dubini NN DM moţe dovesti do poboljšanja kvaliteta napona, smanjenja nesimetrije na vodu i smanjenja
gubitaka.
1. Koja se od rešenja regulacije napona u NN mreţama sa distribuiranom proizvodnjom primenjuju u Srbiji i koji su odluĉujući
faktori za izbor neke vrste od ovih rešenja?
2. Da li i kod nas operator distributivnog sistema primenjuje softverski alat u okviru DMS za odreĊivanje uslova i optimalnog mesta
prikljuĉenja distribuiranih izvora?
3. Moţete li da opišete sadašnji i da procenite budući uticaj distribuiranih izvora energije u Srbiji na kvalitet napona?
R-2.19 TEHNIĈKI USLOVI PRIKLJUĈENJA I MULTILEVEL INVERTORI U DISTRIBUIRANIM IZVORIMA

ENERGIJE
Autori: N. SAVIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad,
V. A. KATIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
Siguran i pouzdan rad distribuiranih izvora energije (DEI) obezbeĊen je energetskim pretvaraĉima (invertorima) preko kojih su DIE
povezani na mreţu. Oni su poznati pod imenom mreţni invertori (grid-tie inverter) i obiĉno su realizovani kao trofazni (u mostnoj
konfiguraciji) upravljani sa PWM tehnikom. U tom obliku, oni najĉešće zadovoljavaju tehniĉke uslove prikljuĉenja za male elektrane
na distributivnu mreţu (niski ili srednji napon), koji vaţe u svetu i kod nas. MeĊutim, sve više zemalja usvajaju dodatne uslove koji se
vezuju za rad ovih elektrana u sluĉaju kratkotrajnih poremećaja u mreţi (naponskih varijacija, propada napona, kvara i sl.).
Jedan od novih puteva je razvoj invertora sa više nivoa (multilevel inverter). Pored sposobnosti da dostiţu velike snage, multilevel
invertori omogućuju bolje karakteristike izlaznog napona (manji sadrţaj viših harmonika, jednostavnije filtriranje i dr.). DIE kao što su
solarne fotonaponske elektrane, vetrogeneratori ili kombinovani (hibridni) izvori mogu se sa lakoćom povezati sa invertorima sa više
nivoa i koristiti u mreţama kako niskog, tako i visokog napona. Povezivanjem nekog od DIE sa mreţom preko ovih invertora
prevazilaze se neke od mana kao što su upotreba skupih, glomaznih i preteških transformatora, velika harmonijska distorzija izlaznih
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napona i struja, itd. U radu je dat kratak pregled razliĉitih rešenja multilevel invertora, kao i njihovog rada u svetlu postojećih zahteva
mreţe (Grid Code)
1. Koji su kljuĉni uslovi za rad DEI u sluĉaju kvara u mreţi i koliko se oni razlikuju u razliĉitim drţavama?
2. Po vašem mišljenju, sa kojom vrstom multilevel invertora će se struĉnjaci u elektrodistribucijama najverovatnije sresti u praksi u
budućnosti?
3. Da li sloţenija struktura ovih invertora moţe doneti veće probleme u odrţavanju, nego koristi u radu?
INFORMACIJE
Kvalitet isporuĉene elektriĉne energije (kvalitet napona) – viši harmonici, fliker, propadi napona, skokovi napona, kratki
prekidi i drugi poremećaji u napajanju potrošaĉa – uzroci, prostiranje, imunitet, eliminisanje, iskustva
I-2.20 UGRADNJA NN ORMANA ZA KOMPENZACIJU U CILJU POPRAVKE FAKTORA SNAGE NA

KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU TS 110/35/10kV „BEOGRAD 18 – RALJA“
Autori: D. VUKOTIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd,
N. VRCELJ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla― a.d., Beograd,
R. TODOROVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd,
A. MILOJKOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
U radu je data tehno-ekonomska analiza ugradnje kondenzatorskih baterija u cilju popravka faktora snage na ciljnom konzumnom
podruĉju kojom se pokazuje izuzetna isplativost njihove ugradnje, pre svega na troškove poslovanja. Dat je niz korisnih operativnih
podataka i konstatacija da se investicija isplati za oko jednu godinu, a efekat ugraĊene kompenzacije je i poboljšanje naponskih
prilika.
1. Da li postoji opasnost od pojave rezonancije, s obzirom na sve veći broj nelinearnih potrošaĉa u mreţi?
2. Kako utiĉu povećani troškovi odrţavanja za NN ormariće na vreme isplativosti?
3. Da li se sliĉna kampanja planira i za neko drugo konzumno podruĉje?
I-2.21 KVALITET ISPORUKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU SRBIJE DO

2014. GODINE
Autori: M. RISTIĆ, D. ILIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, G. BJELAJAC, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd,
R. MAKSIMOVIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije-Ogranak RB Kolubara, Beograd,
U radu je dat prikaz kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije kroz niz operativnih podataka o neplaniranim prekidima napajanja u
periodu 2009. – 2014. god. u elektro-distributivnom sistemu Srbije. Podaci su uporeĊeni sa sliĉnim iz Austrije, Ĉeške i MaĊarske u
periodu 2009. – 2011. god. Dati su predlozi za poboljšanje pouzdanosti rada sistema.
1. Da li postojeći parametri kvaliteta elektriĉne energije daju dovoljno podataka za poboljšanje naponskih prilika u mreţi?
2. Da li postoji veza izmeĊu privatizacije i znatno manjeg broja ispada u zemljama sa kojima je uporeĊeno stanje u Srbiji?
EC 2 Report
Expert committee 2
POWER QUALITY AND ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Chairman: Prof. dr Vladimir KATIĆ, University in Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia
PRESENTERS’ REPORT FOR SESSION 2

Prof. dr Vladimir KATIĆ, University Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia
Doc. dr Vesna JAVOR, University Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia
Doc. Dr Boris DUMNIĆ, University Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia
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Concerning Session 2 - Power quality in electricity distribution systems CIRED Serbia for X Conference on Electricity Distribution
with regional participation - CIRED Serbia 2016, 8 preferential subjects were proposed:
1. Quality of supplied electricty (voltage quality) – higher harmonics, flicker, voltage dips, voltage pickup, brief interruptions and
other disturbances in consumer supply – causes, propagation, immunity, elimination, experience
2. Devices and methods for measuring and monitoring the power quality (diagnostic methods, equipment, procedures, etc.)
3. The national and European technical regulations on power quality (standardization, technical regulations and procedures)
4. Terms of connecting non-linear consumers - higher harmonics, flicker, asymmetry – sources, propagation, terms of connecting,
methods of eliminating
5. The impact of insufficient quality on the functioning of consumers (technical issues, energy efficiency, reliability, financial effects,
consumer relations...)
6. Excess voltage and protection against excess voltage in electricity distribution, electromagnetric compatibility
7. Earthing disturbances and power quality
8. Connection and operation of small power plants (distributed generators) and other renewable energy sources and power quality
(Technical recommendation 16, and similar)
The Session appointed Prof. Dr. Vladimira Katića, Assistant Professor Dr. Vesnu Javor and Assistant Professor Dr. Borisa Dumnića
as their raporteurs.
The Secretariat CIRED-Serbia received 30 applications, which were accepted as adequate. However, 23 full papers arrived in due
time for the submission thereof. All papers were reviewed by competent reviewers (Assistant Professor Dr. Boris Dumnić, Assistant
Professor Dr. Vesna Javor, Prof. Dr. Vladimir Katić, Prof. Dr. Lidija Korunović, Assistant Professor Dr. Dragan Milićević, Prof. Dr.
Veran Vasić). After the reviews, entries of corrections by the authors and Session discussions, 19 papers were accepted as articles,
whereas 2 papers were accepted as information.
The Session classified the articles by preferential subjects as follows: 8 papers belong to the first preferential subject, 2 papers
belong to the second preferential subject, 1 paper belongs to the third, 2 papers belong to the fifth, 2 papers belong to the sixth and
4 papers belong to the eight preferential subject. Both pieces of information were classified into the first preferential subject.
In preparing this report, the Expert raporteurs applied observations, comments and questions from the reviewers, for which we would
like to thank them very much.
Quality of supplied electricty (voltage quality) – higher harmonics, flicker, voltage dips, voltage pickup, brief interruptions
and other disturbances in consumer supply – causes, propagation, immunity, elimination, experience
R-2.01 HOW TO REACH THE PRESTIGIOUS RELIABILITY AND QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
Authors: D. ĈOMIĆ, D. CVETINOV, M. POROBIĆ, Ţ. TANJGA, S. MILIVOJEV
"EPS Distribucija", Ogranak elektrodistribucija Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper deals with the issue of reliability, as a measure of the quality of supplied electricity to consumers. It presents specific data
on the duration of interruptions and on the reliabilty indicators of Electricity Distribution Novi Sad. It deals with the analysis made
concerning the interruptions and points out the causes thereof. At the end, it gives the answer to the asked question included in the
title of the paper, and proposes some measures in the field of maintenance of elements of the electricity distribution (ED) system and
in the field of ED system management for the pupose of achieving prestigious reliability.
1. Could a single parametre be defined as a measure of reliability and quality of supplied electricity in a system?
2. Is it possible to anticipate the place and time of outage based on historical data?
3. Could you assess the state of reliability and quality of supplied electricity in the other parts electricity distribution (not including
ED Novi Sad)?
4. If the proposed measures were implemented, what would their effect be in the long-term period?
5. Could the proposed measures be applied in other Eds with equal success?
R-2.02 ANALYSIS OF POWER DELIVERY QUALITY INDICATORS IN DEES SERBIA

Authors: M. BAĈLIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o. Beograd, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, Serbia
M. RADIĆ, JP EPS Beograd, Tehniĉki centar, Novi Sad, Serbia
Ţ. POPOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Subotica", Subotica, Serbia
Indicators of power supply continuity, SAIFI, SAIDI and CAIDI are generally monitored in all parts of Electricity Distribution Serbia,
whereas in Elektrovojvodina the power which has not been supplied, ENS, has been monitored as of 2002. ENS indicators are not
based on the number of affected users of the electricity distribution system but actually on their consumption. The reliability of some
facilities – parts of Electricity Distribution Serbia: TS HV/MV, MV/LV and parts of the grid can also be observed through these
reliability indicators.
The paper demonstrates SAIFI and SAIDI indicators in the six recent years in five Serbian ED companies, in addition to the means of
obtaining ENS indicators used in Elektrovojvodina and compares them mutually. At the end, it also presents an equivalent reliability
indicator, which combines SAIDI, SAIFI and ENS as a single parametre when assessing the reliability of some plants in the Electric
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Power System. On the basis of comparative presentation of the monitored quality of supplied electricity in parts of Electricity
Distribution Serbia, the position of all parts has been perceived and conclusions drawn in which direction to proceed with the
activities in the forthcoming period.
1. How do you assess work on monitoring and acquiring data concerning the operation of Electricity Distribution Serbia, starting
from the basic data on supplied electricity, parametres of quality, up to the indicators of operation reliability, etc.?
2. Could activities concerning maintenance and replacement of components or facilities in the electric power system be scheduled
by applying the proposed single parametre of reliability, or is it suitable only for comparing parts of the electric power system?
3. Did ENS monitoring improve the quality of operation in Elektrovojvodina?
R-2.03 NETWORK AND USER INTERACTION ON POWER QUALITY

Authors: J. ĈARNIĆ, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, Novi Sad,
R. MILANKOV, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, pogon Zrenjanin,
M. RADOSAVLJEV, EPS, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
The transmission system and their users, as well as the distribution system and their users have an interactive effect and bear the
consequences when the power quality parametres are violated. The paper presents the results of the Committee for measuring
power quality in Elektrovojvodina.The Committee has been monitoring the power quality parametres over four years. The obtained
results were classified according to: reasons for measuring, type of interaction, place of disturbance and direction of generated
phenomenon. These measurement results are the basis for revealing generated disturbances affecting the operation of consumers
concerning other customers, as well as the potential issue, which might become more expressed in the forthcoming period.
The paper is very important, as it provides some data on the level of power quality in electricity distribution. Of particular value are
presentations of voltage dips in the case of large industrial consumers, technical details and anaylsis of the cause of phenomenon.
Nevertheless, the further course of the issue remains to be considered in some other paper.
1. Does the Committee for measuring power quality have a unit for continuous quality monitoring or does it only act in the case of
complaints made by consumers?
2. Do the results of the Committee’s work affect grid scheduling and maintenance?
3. What is the following procedure in dealing with issues addressed in the consumers’ complaints?
R-2.04 ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY IN THE DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM

Authors: B. ĈUPIĆ, Visoka škola elektrotehnike i raĉunarstva strukovnih studija, Beograd, Serbia
A. MARKOVIĆ, Agencija za energetiku Republike Srbije, Beograd, Serbia
Ţ. MARKOVIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd, Serbia
B. GRUJIĈIĆ, Elektromreţe Srbije, Beograd, Serbia
B. ARSIĆ, Elektromreţe Srbije, Beograd, Serbia
The paper presents the basic concepts of power quality and key parametres for its assessment, well-known by experts. The value of
the paper lies in measured data and their analysis. It demonstrates testing of power quality factors in medium-voltage electricity
distribution through the results of measured power quality parametres in 10kV feeder, which supplies the old building of the National
Dispatch Centre (NDC), owned by the Power Network of Serbia, in Belgrade. Certain deviations of power quality parametre
concerning voltage dips, transient voltage variations and excessive variations of supply voltage were perceived. An analysis was
done for these phenomena and some possible solutions were proposed.
1. What is the state of power quality in a deregulated system, compared to the former state?
2. Is the deteriorated/improved power quality the consequence of deregulation? What is your opinion?
3. What can be actually concluded from the report included in Fig.3? Are any data, diagrams and similar obtained, which might be
used in event analysis?
R-2.05 POWER QUALITY IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Author: I. RAMLJAK, J.P ―Elektroprivreda HZ-HB‖ d.d., Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina
This article deals with the results of measured power quality or four different types of industrial consumers at the point of connecting
those facilities to the electricity distribution grid. Measurement and analysis were carried out according to EN 50160 and referent
IEEE standards. This concerns four types of facilities: factory for network fittings and fixtures, a large design burea with over 100
computers and veliki and server room, factory for processing PVC and plastic, as well as a printing shop. The results obtained by
measurement show that there are certain deviations concerning power quality in relation to the standards. Those issues occur partly
due to the status of electricity distribution supplying these consumers, and partly due to the actual technological aspect of each
separate type of industrial facility. Based on those results, the existing issues can be diminished and potential issues in terms of
power quality can be prevented.
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1. How serious are the perceived deviations concerning power quality parametres in the case of observed industrial consumers,
taking into account the international standards?
2. Were any negative phenomena perceived in the functioning of these industrial consumers or in their power environment?
3. Can assessments concerning these industrial consumers be generalized for consumers as well, and can you assess the state
of power quality concerning industrial consumers in Mostar?
R-2.06 ISSUES OF VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS AT MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORK WITH NON-SINUSOIDAL

VOLTAGE
Authors: D. ĈOMIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Novi Sad, Novi Sad,
D. PEJIĆ, Z. MITROVIĆ, B. ANTIĆ, P. SOVILJ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi
Sad, Serbia
The paper deals with the issue of voltage measuring in the MV grid, by monitoring the voltage quality of supply in the MV measuring
cell or at the point of power delivery to the customer. The paper describes the use of conventional voltage measurement transformer
(VMT), as well as the new VMT without the ferromagnetic core.
It shows the new complex periodical voltage criterion based on the principle of the primary winding resistance distributor and
connecting the integrated harmonics criterion to the secondary winding with no magnetic core. The paper may be considered as a
valuable scientific contribution of a group of authors presenting the testing of unconventional VMT by application of the stochastic
method using the integrated harmonics criterion.
1. What is the range of proposed model implementation?
2. What is the advantage of this model, compared to other measurement models and is the implementation thereof scheduled to
be done in practice?
3. Is the same model applicable in high voltages and what kind of modifications are required?
R-2.07 MEASURING HIGHER HARMONICS AT THE FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES IN NOVI SAD
Authors: V. A. KATIĆ, Z. ĈORBA, D. MILIĆEVIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, B. POPADIĆ
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
The Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTS) Novi Sad educates over 14,000 studenats, and classes are conducted in a space covering
approximately 30,000 m2 in seven separate buildings. In addition to the teaching premises, there is also a great number of labs with
different research equipment, one central and several distributed computer centres and a classroom with a great number of
computers and other computer equipment, as well as many auxiliary systems and facilities. Two photovoltaic power plants have also
been connected, as sources of ―green― energy. As the result of their operation in some segments of the internal faculty power grid
there is a higher or lower degree of ―pollution― by higher harmonics, which creates potential danger of undesired negative effects.
In order to define the risk level, regular yearly measuring of all quality parametres is done at FTS in accordance with the European
and Serbian EN/SRPS 50160 standard. State of the art measuring equipment is used for testing the quality parametres in
accordance with the requirements in these standards - instrument C.A. 8332, manufactured by Chauvin Arnoux.
The paper demonstrates some characteristic results of higher harmonics measured at FTS, analyzes their causes, defines the level
of danger of some negative effects, their phenomena in the grid, by measuring the results with the data (limits) prescribed in the
existing legal regulations and standards.
The paper is considered as a beneficial piece of information and experience for experts in terms of the state of power quality in a
public educational, scientific ans research institution. Of particular importance in these results is the information that two small power
sources – solar PV power plants, are connected to the grid.
1. What is the general conclusion regarding the state of power quality at FTS, taking into account that such measuring has been
done for many years?
2. Higher current harmonics have great value. How dangerous is that for the system and other consumers?
3. Does the existing experience show that such measuring has discovered a potential indication of possible grid issues? What
measures have you taken?
R-2.08 ANALYSIS OF INDUCED ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE IN PHASE CONDUCTORS OF DISTRIBUTION

OVERHEAD LINE CAUSED BY PHASE-TO-GROUND FAULT ON HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION
OVERHEAD POWER LINE
Authors: M. GRBIĆ, A. PAVLOVIĆ, D. SALAMON,
Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia
The paper deals with analyses and results of the electromotive force induced in 35kV phase conductors in the distribution overhead
line due to 1f earthing in HV 400kV transmission lines near the distribution line, for the purpose of analyzing the most critical case
concerning manpower safety when connecting new substations. The paper has value in terms of scientific and practical contribution.
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1. Simplification of the issue by installing all three lines at the same height level is unrealistic, due to crossover. In what way has it
been established that there are no deviations due to such simplification?
2. In what way was the sufficient number of subsegments by sections established for calculating the electromotive force (Tables 1
and 2)? Why was1 subsegment for 450m chosen for section III, and for section IV were required 2 for 90m for 451/1, and 6 for
451/2? For example, why were 8 taken for 451/1 for section I, and 3 for 451/2?
3. As gama in expressions (1), (2), (3) and (5) is by dimensions the reciprocal value of length, should the metre unit which
multiplies expressions 0.5/gama and 5/gama in (6) in comparison with length Do be left out?
Devices and methods for measuring and monitoring the power quality
(diagnostic methods, equipment, procedures, etc.)
R-2.09 INTRODUCING THE OUTDOOR DEVICE FAMILY DEVELOPED BY OUR COMPANY THAT CAN LOG
THE POWER QUALITY OF A 0,4 KV THREE-PHASE NETWORK VIA GPRS TELEMETERING
(EN 50160)
Authors: I. ĈASAR, Villbek D.o.o., Segedin, Hungary
K. PALUŠEK, Palušek inţinjering, Segedin, Hungary
The paper deals with the newly-developed family of field instruments (IP67 make), serving for measuring and recording of power
quality in 0.4kV power grids. Devices in a time frame set in advance measure and acquire average, maximum and minimum data, as
well as wave forms appearing under terms defined in advance. Such data are stored in the internal memory and transferred by
GPRS communication into the central server. The data are accessible via Internet.
The paper is interesting, as there is a growing need in this field for practical measuring systems, suitable for field measuring.
Nevertheless, the authors have failed to mention the advantages of the proposed solution in relation to the existing ones.
1. What are the advantages of the proposed solution in relation to the already existing ones?
2. The paper states that ―Gathered parametres are stored in the following form: minimum and maximum value during the
acquisition period, average value in that period―. Is that completely true? If SO, how are the statistical parametres determined
with 95% probability, etc.?
3. Is the device made in accordance with EN 50160? Are any other standards applied?
R-2.10 THE SEMONT SYSTEM UTILIZATION FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY EMF MONITORING IN VICINITY OF
110/x kV “NOVI SAD 7” POWER SUBSTATION
Authors: G. NEDIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Novi Sad,
D. ANTIĆ, D. KLJAJIĆ, N. ĐURIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper demonstrates implementation of the Semont system for monitoring EM high frequency field, and it has a scientific and
practical character. Data transfer by means of wireless communication is performed at high frequencies which can be supervised via
the Semont system, but what is also interesting is the issue of EM low frequency fields particularly in the case of substations in urban
regions.
1. Is there any monitoring of EM low frequency fields in the neighbourhood of urban substations?
2. Can the authors of the paper assess whether for the selected points of measure the values at low frequencies were exceeded,
and if so, how much?
3. If in the first phase, a grid of the points of measure for the selected site was formed, in which points was the maximum
perceived and why was the specific given position of L1 and L2 sites selected? Why wasn’t point P7 (Table) considered in the
third phase, if it had the same maximum field value as point P6? In addition to the power field intensity, were any other limits
concerning the exposure of people to non-ionized radiation considered?
The national and European technical regulations on power quality (standardization, technical regulations and procedures)
R-2.11 POWER QUALITY AND REGULATIONS

Author: R. MILANKOV, Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad, ED Zrenjanin, Pogon Kikinda, Kikinda, Serbia
The paper deals with the state of legal enactments, bylaws and other enactments of companies which have something to do with
power quality. Most standards from the domain of power quality are available in Serbian language. They are issued and published
under the SRPS prefix – there are 69 of them. None of these standards are binding.
However, daily practice and the most frequently asked questions in the complaints of power distribution consumers show an urgent
need for including certain power quality parametres into the legal framework. In accordance with that, the documents concerning
connection, starting with the Agreement on selling electricity for public supply, up to the legal and other enactments, describe in a
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rather general way the technical and other aspects of suppied goods, in this case electricity, which is specific by nature. This
requires higher quality solutions and regulations.
1. What is the situation like regarding the implementation of existing legal solutions?
2. How much are the power quality standards used and applied?
3. Are there any issues concerning the implementation of power quality standards in our situation, taking into account that they are
most frequently only in the form of translated IEC standards?
The impact of insufficient quality on the functioning of consumers (technical issues, energy efficiency, reliability, financial
effects, consumer relations...)
R-2.12 ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION MALFUNCTION ON WORKING OF

MODERN STATIC ELEKCTRICITY METERS
Authors: B. HOLIK, EPS Distribucija, Beograd, S. MARĈETA, EPS Distribucija, Serbia
The paper analyzes irregularities concerning the functioning of reactive power condenser which can be perceived in points of
measure with the state of the art electronic two-way metres. It emphasizes the advantage of such metres compared to the induction
ones, as they enable detection and elimination of such faults. The paper gives a contribution in terms of engineering, as it analyzes
an example from practice. A conclusion is made that some reactive power condenser issues can be solved owing to new possibilities
for monitoring the point of measure parametres by using state of the art electronic metres.
1. Apart from the aforesaid example, were any cases of other faults detected and analyzed, where it was possible to detect them
by application of modern electronic metres instead of the induction ones?
2. How much is such analysis financially important for power suppliers and consumers?
3. Can you also assess any other advantages in terms of monitoring the point of measure by means of state of the art electronic
two-way metres?
R-2.13 ERRORS OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATION WITH EXAMPLES

Author: S. SPREMIĆ, J.P. EPS, Tehniĉki centar N.Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper gives an overview of possible causes of faulty functioning of automatic voltage control and describes several special
cases referring to faulty binding, faulty device included in automatic voltage control (AVC) and faulty designing. A detailed analysis is
given for the following cases: 1) multiple faulty binding of automatic auxiliaries for parallel operation. It was concluded that automatic
on-line voltage control is an important part of protection and control, where the basic purpose is to maintain the voltage on the
desired level, and in the case of parallel operation to increase supply reliability and reduce losses by means of a balanced load
distribution along the transformers.
1. What kind of issues occur due to breakdowns and faulty operation of automatic voltage control and how can they be eliminated?
2. How often do issues occur due to faulty operation of automatic voltage control and what are the consequences thereof?
3. Can the material damage resulting from human error be assessed, such as faulty designing, execution of works and
calculations?
Excess voltage and protection against excess voltage in electricity distribution, electromagnetric compatibility
R-2.14 PROBLEMS IN RADIAL MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL POINT CAUSED
BY FERRORESONANSE
Authors: S. MILORADOVIĆ, M. STANKOVIĆ, P.D.‖Termoelektrane i kopovi Kostolac‖ d.o.o., Kostolac, Serbia
The paper gives an interesting analysis of practical issues occurring in the radial LV network insulated by neutral point due to
ferroresonance and gives the ways for dealing with such issues. Special consideration is given to the issues of voltage inductive
transformer blow out, unselective reaction of directed earthing protection of substation feeder, disturbances caused in surge diverter
operation in the network insulated by neutral point and issues regarding asymmetry of consumer power transformer.
1. What are the optimal ways of eliminating ferroresonance issues in the radial network?
2. Which of the demonstrated issues are most frequent in the MV network, and which have the gravest consequences on the
network?
3. Is there an impact of different types of surge diverters on such issues?
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R-2.15 AN OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION PROBLEM OF THE 35 KV SUBSTATION WITH INSULATED
NEUTRAL CONNECTED TO OVERHEAD LINE IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIA
Authors: M. SAVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia
R. KOVAĈIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia
M. ŢARKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia
M. MIJIĆ, Elnos BL, Banja Luka, Bosnia & Herzegovina
M. BANJANIN, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Istoĉno Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina
In order to investigate the possible causes thereof, a study was made on the atmospheric lightning phenomenon when 35kV lines
with shield wires on rocky terrain in front of the facility were struck by lightning. Experimental research was done in respect of
controlled single-pole earthing with arcing in the 35kV system. A computer simulation was made showing lightning in single-pole
earthing with arcing. The paper is very interesting as it includes appropriate examples from practice.
1. Which system for detection of lightning gives insight into lightning density on the territory of Bosnia & Herzegovina, what is the
reliability level of such data and have the data been compared?
2. What is the estimated number and type of surge diverters which should be additionally installed and should they be installed?
3. Is it possible to include into the programme for estimation of lightning also the gradient of terrain on which the facility, pillers and
lines stand?
Connection and operation of small power plants (distributed generators) and other renewable energy sources and power
quality (Technical recommendation 16, and similar)
R-2.16 ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWER PLANT IMPACT ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORK POWER QUALITY
Authors: H. SALKIĆ, A. BIJEDIĆ, A. SOFTIĆ, JP EP BiH Elektrodistribucija Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina
The paper includes research work concerning the impact of a small solar power plant on power quality in electricity distribution. The
considered power plant has an installed capacity 21.5 kWp and scheduled yearly production of 23,865 MWh. The solar power plant
is connected to the distribution grid via 10/0.4 kV substation with 100 kVA in ouput, by supply cable X00–A 4x70mm2. Measuring
was done in accordance with the Technical recommendation TP-17 PE Electric Power Industry of B&H, and the permitted load
criterion, short circuit criterion, flicker criterion and higher currents harmonics criterion were tested. On the basis of on the spot
measuring and processing of measured data, it may be concluded that the standard limit value was compromised only once. This
occurred with the long duration flicker, which only once exceeded the limit value 1, so that it amounted to 1.8284. All other
parametres are within the limits defining the standard, mostly far from the limit values.
The paper is very interesting as it deals with practical experience and solar plant performances during operation. It also
demonstrates the operation procedure and experience of regional experts in reference with the requirements concerning connection
of small power plants.
1. The solar photovoltaic power plant has an installed capacity of 21.5 kWp in PV panels. What is the reason for connecting a
power plant of this capacity to the electricity distribution grid through a 10/0.4 kV substation with 100 kVA in output?
2. In the conclusions it is said that the power plant energy is consumed directly at the place of production with no transformation to
higher voltage levels. Would you please explain whether the energy generated in a solar power plant is transferred through
10/0.4 kV substation to the 10kV electricity distribution grid or whether other LV consumers are connected to 0.4 kV in this
substation?
3. What kind of protection against the insular operation regime is there in the referent solar photovoltaic power plant?
R-2.17 SIMULTANEOUS IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON HARMONIC

DISTROTION OF CURRENTS IN URBAN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Authors: D. TOVILOVIĆ, N. RAJAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Serbia
The paper is the result of scientific and research work concerning the assumed phenomenon of a large number of small solar power
plants and urban chargers for electric vehicles. The paper analyzes the current issue of integrating photovoltaic systems and electric
vehicles into the existing electricity distribution system. It emphasizes that power quality deterioration may be the direct consequence
of integration of these systems and their simultaneous operation.
The paper is interesting as it observes a possible situation that might happen in a small town, where there are small generators on
one side of the electricity distribution grid, and small consumers/generators on the other side and all that in a comparatively large
number. Nevertheless, although a hypothetical situation had been observed, the paper should have had a greater dose of reality
(objectivity), and the given analysis could have been based on conditions that could be expected in the foreseeable time.
1. What is the current stand of the population in Doboj and its neighbourhood concerning the implementation of renewable energy
sources, taking into account the construction of a thermal power plant in Stanari?
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2. How realistic is it to expect to have a situation in the near future where 150kW solar PV systems would be installed in industrial
consumption of 180kW on the territory of the city of Doboj?
3. Based on which parametres (expectations) did you assess that it was necessary to install chargers on a parking lot for 66
electric vehicles, and that 34 vehicles were expected to be charged in homes during the working hours?
R-2.18 VOLTAGE REGULATION AT LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

Authors: I. DIMITRIJEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Direkcija za upravljanje DEES, Novi Sad,
S. SPREMIĆ, J.P. EPS, Tehniĉki centar N.Sad, Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Novi Sad, Serbia
Although it does not include independent research work, this paper gives an overview of the technical solutions for voltage control in
LV grids with distributed power production, their characteristics and the regions of implementation. The paper concludes that the use
of distributed sources in the depth of the LV Distribution grid can result in better power quality, smaller asymmetry in the line and
smaller losses.
1. Which voltage control solutions in LV grids with distributed power production are implemented in Serbia and what are the
predominant factors for selecting some types of these solutions?
2. Does our distribution system operator apply software tools within DMS for setting the requirements and the optimal place for
connection of distributed sources?
3. Can you describe the present and estimate the future impact of distributed energy sources on power quality in Serbia?
R-2.19 TECHNICAL CONNECTION CONDITIONS AND MULTI LEVELO INVERTORS IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
SOURCES
Authors: N. SAVIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad,
V. A. KATIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
Safe and reliable operation of distributed energy sources (DES) is provided by energy inverters through which the DES are
connected to the grid. They are known as grid-tie inverters and are generally implemented as three-phase ones (in a bridge
configuration) and managed by PWM technique. In that form, they generally meet the technical requirements for connection of small
power plants to the distribution grid (low or medium voltage), applied worldwide and in our country. However, more and more
countries have been adopting additional requirements concerning the operation of these power plants in the case of short-circuit grid
disturbances (voltage variations, voltage dips, breakdowns, etc.).
One of the new ways is to encourage multilevel inverter development. In addition to their ability to achieve great capacity, multilevel
inverters provide better characteristics of the exit voltage (lower content of higher harmonics, more simple filtration, etc.) DES such
as solar photovoltaic power plants, wind generators and combined (hybrid) sources can easily be connected by multilevel inverters
and used both in LV and HV grids. Connecting some of the DES through these inverters helps in dealing with disadvantages such as
the use of expensive, huge and too heavy transformers of great harmonic distorsions of exit voltage and currents, etc. The paper
gives a brief overview of different multilevel inverter solutions, as well as their operation in the light of the existing Grid Code.
1. What are the key requirements for DES operation in cases of breakdowns in the grid and how much do they differ in different
countries?
2. To your mind, what type of multilevel inverters will electricity distribution experts most probably deal with in future practice?
3. Can the more complex structure of these inverters cause greater issues concerning maintenance, compared to their benefits in
operation?
INFORMATION
Quality of supplied electricty (voltage quality) – higher harmonics, flicker, voltage dips, voltage pickup, brief interruptions
and other disturbances in consumer supply – causes, propagation, immunity, elimination, experience
I-2.20 INSTALLING LV CABINET FOR COMPENSATION WITH A GOAL OF FIXING CAPACITY FACTOR AT
THE CONSUMPTION AREA OF PRIMARY STATION 110/35/10 KV \"BELGRADE 18 - RALJA"
Authors: D. VUKOTIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd,
N. VRCELJ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla― a.d., Beograd,
R. TODOROVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd,
A. MILOJKOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia
The paper gives a techno-economic analysis of built-in condenser batteries for the purpose of fixing the power factor in the target
consumption region, stating the extreme cost/benefits of their installation, primarily in terms of operation costs. It gives a great
number of operational data and facts proving that the investment will be paid off approximately within a year, and the effect of
installed condenser batteries will be reflected in a better voltage.
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1. Is there any danger of the resonance phenomenon, bearing in mind the growing number of non-linear consumers in the grid?
2. How are increased maintenance costs of LV cubicles reflected in the pay off time?
3. Is a similar campaign scheduled for any other region?
I-2.21 QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN 2014 TO SERBIAN

Authors: M. RISTIĆ, D. ILIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, G. BJELAJAC, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd,
The paper gives an overview of the quality of supplied electricity through a great number of operational data concerning unscheduled
interruptions of supply, in Serbian electricity distribution in the period 2009 – 2014. The data are compared with similar ones referring
to Austria, the Czech Republic and Hungary in the period periodu 2009 – 2011. Suggestions are given regarding better operation
reliability.
1. Do existing power quality parametres provide sufficient data for improved voltage in the grid?
2. Is there a connection between privatization and a considerably smaller number of outages in countries which the Serbian
situation was compared with?

R-2.01
KAKO POSTIĆI PRESTIŢNU POUZDANOST I KVALITET U ISPORUCI ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
D. ĈOMIĆ, D. CVETINOV, M. POROBIĆ, Ţ. TANJGA, S. MILIVOJEV

ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Srbija
Savremeno društvo ima sve veću potrebu za elektriĉnom energijom i zato se sve više obraća paţnja na kontinuitet, i kvalitet
isporuĉene elektriĉne energije.
Sofisticirana oprema kod kupaca elektriĉne energije u kategoriji domaćinstvo oseća sve prekide i promene napona, a kod kupaca u
privredi posledice su još veće i odraţavaju se na proizvodnju izazivajući „škart― proizvoda ili kompletan zastoj u proizvodnom
procesu.
Distributeri, posebno tehniĉka lica koja upravljaju tokovima energije, imaju zadatak i odgovornost da svojim aktivnostima utiĉu na
povećanje pouzdanosti u napajanju kupaca elektriĉnom energijom.
U zavisnosti od: struĉne obuĉenosti, pravovremeno preduzetih aktivnosti, osavremenjavanja procesa upravljanja elementima elektro
energetskog sistema (EES) koji su u funkciji distribucije, aktivnog praćenja EES, kontinualne analize EES i pogonskih dogadjaja,
preventivne promene uklopnog stanja, optimalnog planiranja iskljuĉenja i još niza aktivnosti postiţe se prestiţna pouzdanost i kvalitet
u isporuci elektriĉne energije.
Danas je uobiĉajena praksa u elektrodistributivnim preduzećima u svetu korišćenje standardnih IEEE pokazatelja pouzdanosti
(SAIDI, SAIFI, CAIDI) u cilju odreĊivanja nivoa pouzdanosti koji se ogleda u smanjenju vremena i broja prekida u napajanju
elektriĉnom energijom svojih konzuma. TakoĊe, ovi pokazatelji sluţe kao merilo pomoću koga je moguće vršiti uporeĊivanje kvaliteta
nivoa usluga elektrodistributivnih preduzeća.
U "EPS Distribucija Beograd" d.o.o., Ogranak Novi Sad poslednjih godina preduzete su mere tehniĉke prirode na poboljšanju
pokazatelja pouzdanosti koje su se odvijale u dva osnovna pravca:
 mere primenjene u oblasti odrţavanja elemenata distributivnog sistema i
 mere primenjene u oblasti upravljanja distributivnim sistemom.
Oba navedena pravca su obuhvatila pojedine geografske oblasti, kao delove konzuma, u kojima su postojali uĉestali kvarovi (na
primer šumoviti predeli Fruške Gore), uzimajući u obzir i starost odnosno loše karakteristike ugraĊene opreme. Mere u oblasti
odrţavanja elemenata sistema su podrazumevale zamenu izolatora na nadzemnim vodovima, zamenu provodnika na nadzemnim
vodovima slaboizolovanim provodnikom ili samonosivim kablovskim snopom, rekonstrukciju konzola, zamenu prekidaĉa u TS
SN/SN, zamenu SN bloka u TS SN/NN, zamenu SN kablovskih vodova starije proizvodnje, orezivanje rastinja u blizini nadzemnih
vodova, ugradnju odgovarajućih zaštitnih releja koji omogućavaju ukljuĉenje opterećenih konzuma i drugo.
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Mere u oblasti upravljanja su podrazumevale dalju primenu sistema daljinskog upravljanja u SN mreţi, ugradnju indikatora kvarova
kako u SN nadzemnoj mreţi tako i u kablovskoj mreţi i druge.
Autori se u ovom radu bave prikazom dominantnih aktivnosti i efekata postignutih u „EPS Distribucija― doo Beograd, Ogranak Novi
Sad, na povećanju pouzdanosti EES pod ingerencijom Operatora Distributivnog Sistema (ODS), odnosno Ogranka.
Kljuĉne reĉi: pokazatelji pouzdanosti, kvalitet elektriĉne energije.
HOW TO REACH THE PRESTIGIOUS RELIABILITY AND QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
Modern society has expanded demands for electricity supply and thus utilities pay attention to quality and continuous supply of
electrical energy. Residential consumers feel every voltage swell or sag as well as industry consumers. This may cause malfunction
of equipment in production process. Distribution control centers manage the load flow and have the task and responsibility to
improve reliability performance.
Depending on the crew education, activities undertaken in due time, up to date distribution data management system and SCADA,
continuous analysis of distribution system and fault management, predictive change and optimal planning of network configuration,
high reliability and power quality can be achieved.
Today, it is common practise in the electric utility industry to use the standard IEEE reliability indices (SAIDI, SAIFI, CAIDI) to track
and benchmark reliability performance. Indices serve as valuable tools to compare utility reliability performance.
In "EPS Distribucija Beograd" d.o.o, Ogranak Novi Sad many techniques in order to improve indices have been used in recent years
and they have been conducted in two different ways:
 techniques applied in maintenance in distribution network and
 techniques applied in distribution network management
Both ways include specific regions, as part of the network, with frequent outages (for instance Fruska Gora forest) taking into
account ageing and poor quality of equipment. Techniques applied in maintenance in distribution network include replacement of
insulators on overhead lines, conductors with self – carrier cables, circuit breakers in MV/MV, MV equipment in MV/LV substations,
old MV cables, modification of tree trimming schedules, implementation of specific relays with cold load pick up or other actions.
Techniques applied in distribution network management consider advanced implementation of SCADA in MV network and fault
indicators installed on overhead lines or underground cables.
This paper deals with mentioned important activities and benefits achieved in utility „EPS Distribution― doo Belgrade, Branch Novi
Sad under authority of Distribution System Operator (ODS) in order to enhance realibility performance.
Key words: reliability indices, power quality.
R-2.02
ANALIZA POKAZATELJA KVALITETA ISPORUKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE

U DEES SRBIJE
M. BAĈLIĆ*, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Distributivno podruĉje Novi Sad,
M. RADIĆ, JP EPS Beograd, Tehniĉki centar, Novi Sad, Srbija
Ţ. POPOVIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" d.o.o, Beograd, Ogranak "ED Subotica", Subotica, Srbija
Sistematsko praćenje prekida napajanja potrošaĉa i analiza pokazatelja kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije prethodnih godina,
omogućava kvalitetniji pristup prilikom planiranja odrţavanja i razvoja upravljanja distributivnom mreţom.
Pokazatelji neprekidnosti isporuke elektriĉne energije, SAIFI, SAIDI i CAIDI se uobiĉajeno prate u svim delovima DEES Srbije, dok
se u Elektrovojvodini prati i neisporuĉena elektriĉna energija ENS od 2002. godine.
Pouzdanost pojedinih objekata – delova DEES: TS VN/SN, SN/NN i delova mreţe se takoĊe moţe posmatrati kroz pokazatelje
pouzdanosti i na osnovu njih oceniti i preporuĉiti za dalje odrţavanje ili rekosnstrukciju.
Pokazatelj ENS se ne bazira na broju pogoĊenih korisnika distributivnog sistema nego na njihovoj potrošnji. U radu su prikazani
naĉini dobijanja pokazatelja ENS koji se koriste u Elektrovojvodini i njihovo meĊusobno poreĊenje.
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Na kraju je prikazan i ekvivalentni pokazatelj pouzdanosti koji kombinuje SAIDI, SAIFI i ENS kao jedinstveni parametar prilikom
ocenjivanja pouzdanosti pojednih objekata EES.
Analizom prekida se utvrĊuju najĉešće vrste kvarova i kritiĉni elementi u distributivnoj mreţi, a nakon toga se formiraju i planovi za
njihovo pojaĉano odrţavanje, zamenu ili rekonstrukciju.
Na osnovu uporednog prikaza praćenja pokazatelja kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije u delovima DEES Srbije sagledane su
pozicije svih delova i izvedeni zakljuĉci u kom pravcu treba usmeriti aktivnosti u narednom periodu.
Kljiĉne reĉi: kvalitet isporuke, pokazatelji, podsticaj, poreĊenje.
ANALYSIS OF POWER DELIVERY QUALITY INDICATORS IN DEES SERBIA
Ssystematic monitoring of power interrupts and reliability indicator analyses for last years, enabled coordination between
maintenance, managing and for future expansion of network managing utility network.
Monitoring of reliability indicators for delivered electrical energy SAIFI, SAIDI CAIDI are monitored in all parts of DEES Serbia, but
Elektrovojvodina from 2002 started to monitor ENS – Energy Not Supplied.
Reliabilty of each object or it’s element: TS VN/SN, SN/NN or part of utility network can be also observed through reliability indicators
which leads to improving system of maintenance planning, reconstruction and investing in new objects.
Indicator ENS is not based on number of customer without power then on their consumption. In the paper are shown some ways of
calculating of indicator ENS which are used and their comparing.
At the end is presented equivalent reliability indicator which combine SAIDI, SAIFI and ENS like unique parameter for comparing and
evaluation of reliability of each part or element in system.
Analysing outage reports, we can determine the most frequent types of failure and critical parts in utility network, and then we
forming list of elements for supstitution and enforced maintance.
Comparing results of analyse of reliability indicator in parts of DEES Serbia, we found our place on list and made some conclusions
for future steps for improving our network.
Keywords: Quality of delivered electrical energy, reliability indicators, stimulative measures, comparing.
R-2.03
INTERAKCIJA MREŢE I KORISNIKA NA KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Jovan ĈARNIĆ, Elektrovojvodina, Novi Sad, Srbija

Radislav MILANKOV, Elektrovojvodina, Novi Sad, Elektrodistribucija Zrenjanin, Pogon Kikinda
Prenosna mreţa i njeni korisnici, kao i distributivna mreţa i njeni korisnici, u meĊusobnim interakcijama i svojim radom utiĉu i trpe
posledice kada je u pitanju narušavanje parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne energije.
U radu su prikazani rezultati Komisije za merenje kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u Elektrovojvodini. Više od 4 godine Komisija se bavi
monitoringom parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne energije raspoloţivim ureĊajima – mreţnim analizatorima razliĉitih tehniĉkih
karakeristika. Klasifikovani su dobijeni rezultati prema:
- razlogu merenja: reklamacije ili planska merenja
- vrsti interakcije: prenosna mreţa – distributivna mreţa, prenosna mreţa – krajni kupac, distributivna mreţa – krajnji kupac
- mestu nastanka smetnje: prenosna mreţa, distributivna mreţa
- smeru generisanja pojave: da li je reakcija na pojavu ili smetnja
Na osnovu ovih rezultata merenja mogu se uoĉiti generisane smetnje koje utiĉu na rad potrošaĉa kod ostalih kupaca, kao i na
potencijalne probleme koji će postati sve izraţeniji u narednom periodu. Rasprostiranje problema kroz prenosnu i distributivnu mreţu
ĉesto nam otkriva neoĉekivane efekte i ukazuje na potrebu za stalno praćenje parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne energije
Kljuĉne reĉi: kvalitet elektriĉne energije, distributivna mreţa.
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NETWORK AND USER INTERACTION ON POWER QUALITY
Transmission networks and users, as well as the distribution networks and users, in their mutual interactions, one to the other, we
can observe consequences when it comes to distortionpower quality parameters. The paper presents the results of the Commission
for power quality measurements, estalblished in Elektrovojvodina. More than 4 years these Commission organize the monitoring of
power quality parameters with available power quality devices – network analyzers, different technical specifications. Classified
results were obtained by:
- reason of measurements: complaints or planned measurements
- the type of interaction: the transmission network – distribution network, transmission network – final customer, distribution
network – customer;
- the place of origin noise: transmission network or distribution network
- the direction of generating phenomena – Is it disturbance or the reaction to the occurrence
Based on these measurement results can be observed generated disturbances that affect the operation of consumers with other
customers, as well as the potential problems that will become more pronounced in the future. Pollution problems through
transmission and distribution network often reveals unexpected effects and highlights the need for constant monitoring of power
quality parameters.
Keywords: power quality, distribution networks.
R-2.04
ANALIZA KVALITETA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DEREGULISANOM ELEKTROENERGETSKOM SISTEMU
Borko ĈUPIĆ, Visoka škola elektrotehnike i raĉunarstva strukovnih studija, Beograd,

Aca MARKOVIĆ, Agencija za energetiku Republike Srbije, Beograd,
Ţeljko MARKOVIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd,
Branko GRUJIĈIĆ, Bojan ARSIĆ, Elektromreţe Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
U radu je dat prikaz analize kvaliteta elektriĉne energije na srednjenaponskom distributivnom nivou. Analiza je izvršena u odnosu na
snimljene sekvence napona na mernim taĉkama mreţe i u skladu sa standardom SRPS EN 50160 koji definiše, opisuje i utvrĊuje
glavne karakteristike naizmeniĉnog napona na mestima prikljuĉenja korisnika na mreţu napajanja u javnim niskonaponskim,
srednjenaponskim i visokonaponskim naizmeniĉnim elektriĉnim mreţama u normalnim uslovima rada. Ovim standardom utvrĊuju se
granice ili vrednosti u okviru kojih se oĉekuje ostvarenje utvrĊenih karakteristika napona na bilo kom mestu prikljuĉenja korisnika u
javnim evropskim elektriĉnim mreţama, a ne utvrĊuju se uobiĉajene situacije koje su prouzrokovane od strane korisnika mreţe.
Zakonska regulativa kojom se ureĊuje kvalitet elektriĉne energije isporuĉen krajnjim korisnicima, koja je definisana Zakonom o
energetici, pravilima o radu distributivnog sistema i uredbom o uslovima isporuke i snabdevanja elektriĉnom energijom analizirana je
u odnosu na norme EU, kao i aspekt primene i postignutih rezultata analiziran je u radu. Deregulacija elektroenergetskog sistema
dovodi do promena u strukturi, organizaciji i naĉinu funkcionisanja elektroenergetskog sistema, što rezultuje povećanjem zahteva
krajnjih korisnika elektriĉne energije u pogledu kvaliteta i pouzdanosti. Zbog toga je u radu prikazana metodologija kontrole kvaliteta i
pouzdanosti elektriĉne energije kroz analizu parametara pouzdanosti elemenata elektroenergetskog sistema Republike Srbije u
odnosu na uporedne primere iz inostranstva. Prikazana je metodologija monitoringa, akvizicije, obrade i skladištenja podataka,
pokazatelja kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u elektroenergetskom sistemu Republike Srbije.
Kljuĉne reĉi: analiza kvaliteta, elektriĉna energija, distribucija, monitoring.
ANALYSIS OF THE POWER QUALITY IN THE DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM
The paper presents the analysis of the power quality on medium-voltage distribution level. Analysis was carried out in relation to the
recorded sequence of voltage measuring points on the network in accordance with standard EN 50160, which defines, describes and
identifies the main characteristics of the alternating voltage at the point of common coupling to the network power in public low-
voltage, medium-voltage and high-voltage alternating electric networks in normal conditions work. This standard specifies the limits
or values within which the expected realization of the recorded voltage at the point of common coupling connecting users to public
European electricity grids and do not specify common situations that are caused by the user. Legislation governing the quality of the
electricity supplied to end users, which is defined by the Energy Law, the rules on the distribution system and the regulation on
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conditions for delivery and supply of electricity is analyzed in relation to the EU standards, as well as aspects of the implementation
and obtained results are analysed in the paper. Deregulation of the electric power system leads to a change in the structure,
organization and functioning of the electricity system, which results in increasing demands of end users of electricity in terms of
quality and reliability. Therefore, in this paper shows the methodology of quality control and reliability of electricity through the
analysis of parameters of reliability elements of the power system of the Republic of Serbia in relation to the comparative examples
from abroad. The methodology of monitoring, acquisition, processing and storage of data, indicators of quality of electric energy in
the power system of the Republic of Serbia.
Key words: quality analysis, electrical energy, distribution, monitoring.
R-2.05
KVALITETA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U INDUSTRIJSKOM SEKTORU
Ivan RAMLJAK, J.P ''Elektroprivreda HZ-HB'' d.d Mostar
Kvaliteta elektriĉne energije danas je jedan od bitnih parametara proizvoda kojeg nazivamo elektriĉnom energijom. Elektriĉna
energija je danas roba koja ima svoju cijenu, a kao takva mora imati odreĊenu kvalitetu. Upliv u distribucijsku mreţu ureĊaja
baziranih na ispravljaĉkim jedinicama, nelinearnosti, kao i upliv samih distribuiranih izvora moţe dovesti do negativnog povratnog
djelovanja na distribucijsku mreţu. Samim time dolazi se do potrebe da se sustavnije i detaljnije prati i analizira kvaliteta elektriĉne.
Danas industrijski pogoni prikljuĉeni na distribucijsku mreţu mogu biti razliĉitog tipa. Industrijski pogoni sami po sebi postavljaju jako
visoke zahtjeve za pouzdanost i kvalitetu isporuke elektriĉne energije. Neredovita isporuka i nekvalitetna elektriĉne energije dovodi
do potencijalno velikih financijskih gubitaka vlasnicima takvih postrojenja ali i distributerima. MeĊutim, takvi industrijski pogoni sami
po sebi mogu biti na neki naĉin zagaĊivaĉi distribucijske mreţe na koju su prikljuĉeni na naĉin da sami generiraju smetnje u toj
distribucijskoj mreţi. Da bi se detaljnije i toĉnije odredilo kakve smetnje se toĉno javljaju kod industrijskih postrojenja po pitanju
kvalitete elektriĉne energije i što je uzrok/ĉija je odgovornost tome, potrebno je uraditi odreĊena proceduralna mjerenja kvalitete
elektriĉne energije. U ovom referatu će biti predstavljeni rezultati mjerenja kvalitete elektriĉne energije za ĉetiri razliĉita tipa
industrijskih potrošaĉa na mjestu prikljuĉenja tih postrojenja na distribucijsku mreţu. Mjerenja i analize su vršene prema EN 50160 i
referentnim IEEE standardima. U pitanju su ĉetiri tipa postrojenja: tvornica armaturnih mreţa, veliki projektni ured sa preko 100
raĉunara i server salom, tvornica za preradu PVC-a i plastike te tiskara. Rezultati dobiveni mjerenjem ukazuju na to da postoje kod
analiziranih industrijskih potrošaĉa odreĊena odstupanja po pitanju kvalitete elektriĉne energije u odnosu na standarde. Ti problemi
su jednim dijelom zbog stanja u distribucijskoj mreţi koja napaja potrošaĉe a jednim dijelom zbog same tehnologije rada svakog tipa
industrijskog postrojenja posebno. Na osnovu tih rezultata se mogu sanirati postojeći problemi i sprjeĉiti potencijalni problemi po
pitanju kvalitete elektriĉne energije. To u konaĉnici znaĉi veću financijsku uštedu i potrošaĉu i distributeru.
Kljuĉne reĉi: kvaliteta elektriĉne energije, EN 50160, industrijski potrošaĉi elektriĉne energije.
POWER QUALITY IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Power quality nowdays is one of the important parameters of the product we call electric energy. Nowdays, electric energy is a
commodity that has a price, and as such must have a certain quality. Devices in distribution network based on switching power
supply, nonlinearity and distributed generators themselves are elements that can have a negative feedback effect on the power
system. This leads to the needs for more systematic and detailed monitoring and analyzing power quality. Industrial facilities
connected on the distribution network can be of different types today. Industrial facilities themselves set very high demands for
reliability and power quality supply. Unregular delivery and poor power quality leads to potentially large financial losses to owners of
such facilities and to distributors. However, these industrial facilities themselves can be somehow pollutants of distribution network to
which they are connected in a way that themselves generate disturbances in the distribution network. To determine more detailed
and more accurately what exactly disturbances occurring in industrial facilities in terms of power quality and what is cause/whose
responsibility it is, certain procedural power quality measurements are necessary to be done. In this paper will be presented the
results of measurements of power quality for four different types of industrial facilities at the point of common coupling of those
facilities on distribution network. Measurement and analysis were carried out according to EN 50160 and reference IEEE standards.
These are four types of facilities: factory of wire mesh, big project office with over 100 computers and a server room, a processing
factory for PVC and plastics and paper mill. Results obtained by measuring indicate that at analyzed industrial facilities exists some
discrepancy regarding the power quality in relation to the standards. These problems are partly due to the state of the distribution
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network that supplies the facilities and partly because of the technology of work of each type of facility. Based on these results
existing problems can be remediated and potential problems can be prevented in terms of power quality. This ultimately means
greater financial savings and for consumer and distributor.
Key words: power quality, EN 50160, industrial electric energy consumers.
R-2.06
PROBLEMATIKA MERENJA NAPONA U SREDNJENAPONSKOJ MREŢI SA SLOŢENOPERIODIĈNIM NAPONOM
Dušan ĈOMIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Ogranak Novi Sad,

Dragan PEJIĆ, Zoran MITROVIĆ, Boris ANTIĆ, Platon SOVILJ, Fakultet Tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
Standard SRPS EN 50160 dozvoljava izobliĉenja napona na distributivnom nivou ĉak 8%, tako da se više ne moţe govoriti o
sinusoidalnom naponu u elektrodistributivnoj mreţi.
Proizvodni proces se odvija u postrojenjima kupaca elektriĉne energije koji poseduju ureĊaje i mašine i njima upravljaju sa konaĉnim
interesom što veće proizvodnje kvalitetnog proizvoda. Zato je i normalno da, ĉim uoĉe nedostatke u isporuci elektriĉne energije, kao
što su: narušeni kontinuitet isporuke, treptaji, pikovi, prenaponi, podnaponi, talasne smetnje i tome sliĉno, odmah reaguju. Takvi
poremećaji direktno izazivaju kod potrošaĉa velike finansijske gubitke, prekide osetljivih proizvodnih procesa na nepredvidiv naĉin,
kao i štete na proizvodnoj opremi.
Radni uslovi kod korisnika opreme su znaĉajne informacije o kvalitetu isporuĉene elektriĉne energije. Uslovi ĉesto variraju, pa zato
Elektrodistribucija treba da snimi stanje pre preduzimanja korektivnih mera za otklanjanje smetnji.
Snimanje kvaliteta isporuĉene elektriĉne energije treba da je u istoj taĉki, ili što bliţe osetljivoj opremi, a merna oprema mora biti
sposobna da duţe vreme snima, izmeri i memoriše brze promene i da u potpunosti prikaţe talasni oblik i kada je on izrazito
nesinusoidalan.
Najpogodnije mesto za postavljanje merne opreme je u srednjenaponskoj mernoj ćeliji, u postrojenjima kupca (ukoliko ona postoji).
Ako ne postoji merna ćelija, jedina moguća taĉka za prikljuĉenje na srednjem naponu je montaţa NMT u srednjenaponskoj
transformatorskoj ćeliji ili na uvodnim izolatorima X strane transformatora X/0,4kV.
Ukoliko se merenjem pokaţe da u elektrodistributivnoj mreţi sinusoidalnost odstupa van propisanih granica, nadleţna
elektrodistribucija će preduzeti mere da ovu neusaglašenost otkloni.
Sada se u praksi, za merenje napona preko 0,4kV, uglavnom koriste konvencionalni naponski merni transformatori (NMT) ili,
izuzetno, otporniĉki razdelnici.
Treba naglasiti da i jedna i druga varijanta imaju po jedan ozbiljan nedostatak:
 NMT je nelinearan i dopunski izobliĉuje mereni nesinusoidalni napon, a
 otporniĉki razdelnik ne obezbeĊuje galvansko razdvajanje mernog bloka od ulaznog merenog napona.
Ova dva razloga su navela autore da istraţe i predloţe novo merilo i mernu metodu koji neće imati navedene nedostatke.
Osnovu za taj predlog daje integrisano merilo harmonika (IMH), razvijeno na Fakultetu tehniĉkih nauka u Novom Sadu, i stohastiĉka
metoda.
U visokonaponskoj mreţi se danas napon preteţno meri mernim transformatorima sa magnetnim jezgrom. Ako je visokonaponska
elektrodistributivna mreţa "zaprljana" i napon u njoj nije sinusoidalan, tada konvencionalni NMT sa magnetnim jezgrom nisu
pogodni, jer zbog ulaska u zonu zasićenja ne prenose verno talasni oblik signala sa primarnog na sekundarni namotaj.
Visokonaponski otpornici, u otporniĉkom razdelniku, daju vernu sliku merenog napona, ali je problem njihova galvanska veza sa
osetljivim elektronskim kolima.
Optiĉki merni pretvaraĉi imaju problem spoljašnjih uticaja na merenje.
U ţelji da se prevaziĊu navedeni nedostaci, napravljen je novi aparat za merenje napona u visokonaponskoj mreţi takav da je u
primarno, visokonaponsko kolo, na red sa primarom transformatora bez magnetnog jezgra postavljen visokonaponski otpornik, a na
sekundaru se stohastiĉkom metodom mere harmonici napona i napon. Kako je predloţeni aparat napravljen bez magnetnog jezgra,
talasni oblici se sa primarnog namotaja verno prenose na sekundarni namotaj.
Dosadašnji rezultati primene novog NMT i stohastiĉke metode pokazuju da su merenja taĉna i pouzdana u 10 i 20kV mreţi, a
merenja je moguće izvršiti i na višim naponima, ali ne višim od 35kV.
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Nauĉni doprinos je primena nove merne metode (stohastiĉka merna metoda) za merenja napona u visokonaponskoj "zaprljanoj"
mreţi, uz primenu mernih transformatora bez jezgra, što je stara ideja, ali zbog nedostataka koje ima (sekundarni napon
transformatora bez jezgra sa predotporom je srazmeran izvodu primarnog napona i osetljiv je na spoljašnja polja) nije mogla biti
realizovana, jer se ne bi mogla ostvariti potrebna klasa taĉnosti.
Stohastiĉka metoda merenja je zasnovana na dodavanju diterskog sluĉajnog signala na mereni signal. Za ovu metodu smetnje i
zaprljanost mreţnog signala su dodatni diterski signali koji metodi ne smanjuju, odnosno ne kvare, taĉnost merenja.
Po svojoj prirodi, naponsko-naponski konvertor, koji visoki mereni napon prilagoĊava naponskom ulaznom opsegu stohastiĉkog
konvertora je NMT bez magnetnog jezgra.
Ove performanse otvaraju nove mogućnosti merenja, ne samo harmonika, nego i svih veliĉina definisanih preko harmonika u
nesinusoidalnoj mreţi, kao što su: faktori izobliĉenja, faktori snage, prividne snage, aktivne snage, pa i veliĉine koja se najteţe meri
u sloţenoperiodiĉnom reţimu – reaktivne snage.
Merni blok ĉini naponski pojaĉavaĉ i integrisano merilo harmonika. Integrisano merilo harmonika meri pojedinaĉne harmonike
ulaznog napona i to tako da je preciznost srazmerna rednom broju harmonika. Stoga se najtaĉnije mere najviši harmonici, a samim
tim i efektivna vrednost napona u celini.
Novo merilo omogućava merenje sloţenoperiodiĉnog napona većeg od 0,4kV bez uticaja viših harmonika na taĉnost merenja, što ga
preporuĉuje za merenja koja se koriste za ocenu kvaliteta napona u distributivnoj mreţi.
Merilo je prvo ispitano u akreditovanoj laboratoriji Elektrotehniĉkog instituta Nikola Tesla u Beogradu. Nakon konstatovane
mogućnosti merila (taĉnost, frekvencijski opseg, brzina odziva, kratkotrajna i dugotrajna stabilnost i drugo), izvršena su merenja u
laboratorijama proizvoĊaĉa mernih transformatora i akreditovanim laboratorijama Fakulteta tehniĉkih nauka u Novom Sadu.
Korišćena su dostupna svetska saznanja iz oblasti relevantne za predmetnu problematiku.
Kljuĉne reĉi: merenja na srednjem naponu, stohastiĉka merenja, naponski transformator bez jezgra, merenja kvaliteta elektriĉne
energije.
ISSUES OF VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS AT MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORK WITH NON-SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGE
The SRPS EN 50160 allows voltage distortion of even up to 8% in the distribution network, making it, therefore, difficult to refer to it
as sinusoidal voltage.
The manufacturing process, conducted in the facilities of the electrical energy consumer, is organized using adequate control of
machines and devices, in order to achieve the highest production of the best quality product. In that regard, the reaction of the
consumer can be expected as soon as the insufficiencies in the supplied electrical energy are noticed. These insufficiencies include:
continuity of the supply interruption, flicker, peaks, overvoltage, undervoltage, interferences and similar. The effects of these
disturbances can cause direct and substantial financial losses for the consumer, unexpected interruption of sensitive manufacturing
processes and the damage to the equipment used. The equipment operational conditions at the end user represent useful
information on supplied power quality. Since the conditions often vary, the distribution network operator (DNO) should record the
previous state, prior to making any corrective measures to eliminate the insufficiencies.
The supplied power quality measurements should be performed at, or as close as possible to the connection point of sensitive
equipment, while the measuring equipment needs to be capable of measuring fast dynamic changes for a significant period of time
and even display complete highly non-sinusoidal waveforms.
The most appropriate place for setting the measuring equipment is at the medium-voltage switchgear for the consumer facility, i.e.
the high voltage measuring cell (if present). Otherwise, the only possibility would be the mounting the voltage transformers for
metering in the medium-voltage transformer cell, or at the X kV voltage level transformer bushing of X/0,4kV transformer.
If the measurement show a significant sinusoidal waveforms deviation from the standard defined limits, the relevant DNO will take
appropriate action in order to correct this incompliance.
Currently, for voltage measurement at levels higher than 0,4kV, most commonly voltage measuring transformers are used, or
exceptionally resistive dividers.
It is important to note that both measurement methods have at least one serious deficiency:
 voltage measuring transformer has non-linear behavior and further distorts the voltage, and
 resistive divider has no galvanic isolation between measurement block and the measured voltage.
This was the reason for the authors to research and propose a new measuring method that will not have mentioned deficiencies.
Basis for the suggested measurement technique is provided by stochastic method and the integrated measurement of harmonics
(IMH) developed on Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad.
At the high-voltage grid, most of the voltage measurement is performed using magnetic core measuring transformers. If the
distribution network voltage is non-sinusoidal, then the conventional voltage transformers with magnetic core aren’t suitable for
metering, since they, due to the saturation effect, do not replicate the voltage waveform from primary to secondary winding correctly.
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On the other hand, resistive dividers offer faithful representation of the measured voltage, but they lack galvanic isolation of sensitive
electronic circuits.
Optical measurement devices have the problem of external interferences on measured data.
In order to overcome mentioned deficiencies, new measuring device for high-voltage metering was created. The new device has
high-voltage resistor connected in series with the primary winding of a coreless transformer, while voltage and harmonics are
measured at the secondary winding using stochastic method. Since the new device has no magnetic core, the voltage represent at
the secondary winding is an accurate representation of the measured signal.
Recent results for the new voltage transformer for metering and the stochastic method show accurate and reliable measurements for
the 10 kV and 20 kV networks, while the measurements can be performed for voltages up to 35kV.
The main scientific contribution is the use of the new method (stochastic measurement method) for voltage measurements in
high-voltage ―polluted‖ networks, using coreless transformer. As an old concept, it could not be used previously (secondary winding
voltage of the coreless transformer with series resistor at the primary is proportional to the first derivative of the primary voltage, thus
it is highly sensitive to interferences) since the required accuracy class could not be achieved.
The stochastic method is based on the addition of the random dither signal to the measurement signal. Interferences and noises of
the network signals, for this measurement method represent additional dither signals that do not lower the measurement accuracy.
The voltage-to-voltage converter, used for the conversion of measured high voltage signal to the voltage input level of a stochastic
converter, is basically a coreless voltage transformer for metering.
Achieved performances allow new metering possibilities, and not only for measurement of harmonics, but also other values defined
using harmonics in a non-sinusoidal networks like: distortion factors, power factor, apparent power, active power and even the most
complex value to measure in a multi-periodic regimes – reactive power.
The metering block consists of voltage amplifier and the integrated meter of harmonics. Integrated meter of harmonics measures
individual harmonics value of the input voltage in a manner that keeps the precision proportional to the harmonic order. Therefore,
the most accurate measurement is achieved for the higher harmonic orders, and consequently the RMS voltage value.
The new meter enables the measurement of a non-sinusoidal voltage higher than 0,4kV, without higher harmonics influencing the
accuracy, making it appropriate for measurements used in evaluation of power quality in the distribution network.
The meter is tested in the certified laboratory at the Electrical Engineering Insititute Nikola Tesla in Belgrade. After the characteristics
of the meter have been confirmed (accuracy, frequency range, response time, short and long term stability etc.), the tests were also
performed at the laboratories of voltage transformer manufacturers and certified laboratories at Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi
Sad.
All available world-wide knowledge relevant to the presented subject was used.
Key words: medium voltage measurements, stochastic measurements, coreless voltage transformer, power quality measurement).
R-2.07
MERENJE VIŠIH HARMONIKA NA FAKULTETU TEHNIĈKIH NAUKA U NOVOM SADU
Vladimir A. KATIĆ, Zoltan ĈORBA, Bane POPADIĆ

Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka (FTN) iz Novog Sada obrazuje više od 14.000 studenata, a nastava se odvija u prostoru od oko 30.000 m2
u sedam zasebnih objekata. Pored nastavnih prostora, tu se nalazi i veliki broj laboratorija sa razliĉitom istraţivaĉkom opremom,
jedan centralni i više distribuiranih raĉunarskih centara i uĉionica sa velikim brojem raĉunara i druge raĉunarske opreme, te niz
drugih pratećih sistema i pogona. Prikljuĉene su i dve foto-naponske elektrane, kao izvori „zelene― energije. Kao rezultat njihovog
rada u pojedinim segmentima unutrašnje elektriĉne mreţe fakulteta pojavljuje se viši ili niţi stepen „zagaĊenja― višim harmonicima,
što predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost od ispoljavanja neţeljenih negativnih efekata. Da bi se utvrdio stepen rizika, na FTN se
sprovode regularna godišnja merenja svih parametara kvaliteta u skladu sa evropskim i srpskim standardom EN/SRPS 50160.
Koristi se savremena merna oprema, koja ispituje parametre kvaliteta u skladu sa zahtevima ovih standarda - instrument C.A. 8332,
proizvoĊaĉa Chauvin Arnoux. U radu će biti prikazani neki karakteristiĉni rezultati merenja viših harmonika na FTN, zatim analizirani
njihovi uzroci, te utvrĊen stepen opasnosti od pojave nekih od negativnih efekata njihove pojave u mreţi poreĊenjem rezultata sa
podacima (limitima) propisanim u postojećoj zakonskoj regulativi i standardima.
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HARMONICS MEASUREMENTS AT THE FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES IN NOVI SAD
Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTN) in Novi Sad educates more than 14,000 students, and classes are held in the space of about
30,000 m2 in seven separate buildings. Besides teaching space, there are a large number of laboratories with different research
equipment, one central and several distributed computing centers and classrooms, with a large number of computers and other
computer equipment, and a number of other related systems and drives. Attached are two photovoltaic power plants as sources of
"green" energy. As a result of their operation in certain segments of the internal electricity grid of the FTN, higher or lower degree of
harmonics "contamination" appears, which poses a potential risk of adverse negative effects. To determine the degree of risk, the
FTN is conducting regular annual measurements of quality parameters in accordance with European and Serbian standards
EN/SRPS 50160. Modern measuring equipment is used, which examines the quality parameters in accordance with the
requirements of these standards - CA 8332 instrument, of manufacturer Chauvin Arnoux. The paper will present some typical results
of harmonics measurements at the FTN, then analyze their causes, and determine the degree of risk of occurence of some of the
negative effects in the network by comparing the results with data (limits) stipulated by the existing legislation and standards.
R-2.08
АНАЛИЗА ИНДУКОВАНЕ ЕЛЕКТРОМОТОРНЕ СИЛЕ У ФАЗНИМ ПРОВОДНИЦИМА ДИСТРИБУТИВНОГ НАДЗЕМНОГ

ВОДА УСЛЕД ПОЈАВЕ ЈЕДНОФАЗНОГ ЗЕМЉОСПОЈА
НА ВИСОКОНАПОНСКОМ ПРЕНОСНОМ ВОДУ
М. ГРБИЋ, Електротехнички институт „Никола Тесла‖ а.д., Београд, Република Србија

А. ПАВЛОВИЋ, Електротехнички институт „Никола Тесла‖ а.д., Београд, Република Србија
Д. САЛАМОН, Електротехнички факултет, Универзитет у Београду, Београд, Република Србија
У раду су приказани резултати анализа спроведених у циљу процене могућих вредности електромоторне силе која се
индукује у фазном проводнику надземног вода напонског нивоа 35 kV током појаве једнофазног земљоспоја на једном од
два паралелна надземна вода напонског нивоа 400 kV. Средњенапонски дистрибутивни вод се укршта са високонапонским
водовима и наставља да се простире приближно паралелно са њима једним делом своје трасе. Спроведене анализе су
биле неопходне у циљу провере безбедносних услова за раднике током радова на одржавању дистрибутивног вода.
Током радова на одржавању, фазни проводници дистрибутивног вода су уземљени у трансформаторским станицама на
крајевима вода, формирајући затворену петљу коју чине импеданса фазног проводника вода, отпорности уземљења на
крајевима вода и импеданса повратног пута струје кроз земљу.
За анализу безбедности запослених, најкритичнији случај наступа када је дистрибутивни вод ван погона и уземљен на
својим крајевима, а рад се обавља на неком од стубова изван деонице укрштања и паралелног вођења, пошто у овом
случају електромоторна сила која се индукује у фазним проводницима дистрибутивног вода има максималну вредност.
Опасност за раднике наступа након уземљавања фазних проводника на стубу, због протицања струје кроз уземљивач стуба,
која се јавља као последица индуковане електромоторне силе. Пошто су отпорности уземљења стубова водова напонског
нивоа 35 kV релативно високе, највећи пад напона у колу јавља се управо на овим отпорностима. Због тога се у околини
стуба на коме се обавља рад могу појавити опасне вредности напона додира, што је потврђено спроведеним анализама.
У раду су такође приказани и анализирани домаћи прописи из области електромагнетске интерференције, и дато је њихово
поређење са међународним стандардима.
Кључне речи: надземни вод, једнофазни земљоспој, индукована електромоторна сила.
ANALYSIS OF INDUCED ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE IN PHASE CONDUCTORS OF DISTRIBUTION OVERHEAD LINE CAUSED
BY PHASE-TO-GROUND FAULT ON HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION OVERHEAD POWER LINE
The paper presents the results of the analyses performed to estimate possible values of the electromotive force induced in phase
conductors of a 35 kV overhead power line during а phase-to-ground fault occurring on one of two parallel 400 kV overhead power
lines. The medium voltage distribution line lies partially parallel to the high voltage lines and then intersects them. The analyses were
necessary to ensure safe conditions for the employees during maintenance of the distribution line.
82
During the maintenance work the phase conductors of the distribution line are grounded in the substations at the ends of the line,
forming a closed loop that consists of the line phase conductor impedance, grounding resistances at the ends of the line and the
impedance of the ground return path.
For the analysis of the employees’ safety conditions, the most critical case scenario is when the distribution line is out of operation,
grounded at the ends and the work is carried out on any line tower outside the segment where the lines intersect and run
approximately parallel, since in these circumstances the electromotive forces induced in the distribution line phase conductors are of
maximum value. The danger to the personnel arises after grounding of all phase conductors at the tower mentioned, because of the
current flow through the tower grounding electrode, which appears as a result of the induced electromotive force. Since the
grounding resistances of the 35 kV line towers are relatively high, the main voltage drop in the circuit occurs at the tower grounding
resistances. As a consequence, hazardous values of touch voltages can appear in the vicinity of the tower where work is performed,
which was confirmed by the analyses carried out.
Serbian legislation in the area of electromagnetic interference is also presented and analyzed in the paper, as well as its comparison
to international standards.
Keywords: overhead power line, phase-to-ground fault, induced electromotive force.
R-2.09
PRIKAZ FAMILIJE TERENSKIH INSTRUMENATA SOPSTVENOG RAZVOJA ZA REGISTRACIJU KVALITETA

ELEKTRICNE ENERGIJE TROFAZNE MREŢE OD 0.4KV (PO STANDARDU EN50160) SA MOGUCNOŠCU
DALJINSKOG OCITAVANJA PREKO GPRS VEZE
I. ĈASAR, VILLBEK Doo, MaĊarska

K. PALUŠEK, Palušek inţinjering, MaĊarska
Naša novo razvijena familija instrumenata (IP67 izvedbe) sluţi za merenje i registraciju kvaliteta elektriĉne energije na el. mreţama
od 0,4kV. UreĊaji u unapred zadatom vremenskom intervalu mere i sakupljaju proseĉne, maksimalne i minimalne podatke kao i
talasne oblike koji su se pojavili pod unapred definiranim uslovima. Ti podaci se pohranjuju u internoj memoriji i prenose se sa GPRS
vezom u centralni server. Tim podacima je moguće pristupiti preko interneta.
Kljuĉne reĉi: EN50160, 0,4kV, GPRS, kvalitet, terenski, talasni oblik.
INTRODUCING THE OUTDOOR DEVICE FAMILY DEVELOPED BY OUR COMPANY THAT CAN LOG THE POWER QUALITY
OF A 0,4 KV THREE-PHASE NETWORK VIA GPRS TELEMETERING (EN 50160)
CSÁSZÁR István, VILLBEK Kft., Szeged, Hungary,

PALUSEK Károly, Palusek K. vill.mérnök, Szeged, Hungary
The devices (IP67) developed by our company can measure and log the parameters of a 0,4kV supply network. Within a pre-set
period it can save the min. and max. values and the average, as well as signal waveform corresponding to the trigger conditions. The
data are continuously sent to the device memory and to the central server via GPRS communication. The data can be accessed via
internet.
Keywords: EN50160, 0,4kV, GPRS, quality, outdoor, waveform.
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R-2.10
PRIMENA SEMONT SISTEMA ZA MONITORING EM POLJA VISOKIH FREKVENCIJA U

OKOLINI TRAFO STANICE 110/x kV “NOVI SAD 7”
Goran NEDIĆ, Elektroprivreda Srbije, Novi Sad,

Danka ANTIĆ, Dragan KLJAJIĆ, Nikola ĐURIĆ
Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, Republika Srbija
Najnoviji koncept pametnih mreţa i potreba za unapreĊenjem pouzdanosti elektrodistributivnog sistema podstiĉu upotrebu daljinskog
nadzora nad procesima u distributivnim trafostanicama i automatizaciju distribucije. Najĉešće se podaci o raznim procesima prenose
putem radio komunikacionih veza, kao što je to sluĉaj i sa visokonaponskom trafostanicom 110/x kV ―Novi Sad 7‖. Naţalost, ovi vrlo
vaţni objekti vremenom postaju okruţeni stambenim oblastima, što izaziva zabrinutost javnosti u vezi sa štetnim efektima po
zdravlje, kao posledice elektromagnetskog (EM) zraĉenja ovih postrojenja. Trafostanice su generalno poznate kao izvori EM polja
niskih frekvencija; meĊutim korišćenje radio veza ĉini ove objekte takoĊe i izvorima EM polja visokih frekvencija. U ovom radu
razmatran je primer monitoringa EM polja visokih frekvencija korišćenjem Srpske mreţe za monitoring elektromagnetskih polja –
SEMONT, i njegovog savremenog pristupa monitoringu. Za razliku od klasiĉnog pristupa sa merenjima u kratkom vremenskom
intervalu, SEMONT sistem vrši kontinualni nadzor i pruţa informacije o promenama nivoa EM polja, u duţem periodu, na konkretnoj
lokaciji. U sluĉaju visokonaponske trafostanice ―Novi Sad 7‖, na lokacijama u njenoj blizini gde opšta populacija ima pristup i gde
moţe biti izloţena EM zraĉenju, prezentovana je mogućnost SEMONT sistema da se za dugotrajno merenje upotrebe ruĉni prenosni
merni instrumenti. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju nizak nivo izloţenosti, koji je znaĉajno ispod referentnih nivoa propisanih
zakonodavstvom Republike Srbije.
Kljuĉne reĉi: trafo stanica, elektromagnetno polje, izloţenost, monitoring EM polja.
THE SEMONT SYSTEM UTILIZATION FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY EMF MONITORING IN VICINITY OF 110/x kV
“NOVI SAD 7” POWER SUBSTATION
The latest smart grid concept and a need for reliability improvement of the electric power distribution system encourages remote
supervision of processes in distribution substations and distribution automation. Usually, the data about various processes are
transferred via radio links, as it is the case for the high power 110/x kV outdoor substation ―Novi Sad 7‖. Unfortunately, these highly
important objects, over the time, become surrounded by residential areas, causing public concerns on health effects of
electromagnetic radiation from such facilities. The power substations are generally known as the sources of the low-frequency
electromagnetic field (EMF); however, the radio links utilization makes those objects, also, the sources of the high-frequency EMF. In
this paper, the case study of the high-frequency electric field strength monitoring has been considered, applying the Serbian
Electromagnetic Monitoring Network – SEMONT and its state of the art monitoring approach. Unlike the conventional and short-term
measurement, the SEMONT network performs continuous monitoring, offering information on long-term EMF fluctuation in a
particular spot. In case study of the ―Novi Sad 7‖ power substation, the SEMONT system feature of handheld measurement
instruments utilization in long-term monitoring, was presented in vicinity of substation, where the general public can access and be
exposed to the EMF radiation. The monitoring results show low-level of exposure, far below the reference levels prescribed by
Serbian legislation.
Key words: power substation, electromagnetic field, exposure, EMF monitoring.
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R-2.11
KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I PROPISI
Radislav MILANKOV, Elektrovojvodina Novi Sad Elektrodistribucija Zrenjanin Pogon Kikinda, Srbija
U radu je dat presek stanja zakonskih, podzakonskih akata i akata organizacija koje imaju dodirnih taĉaka sa kvalitetom elektriĉne
energije. Pojedini institucionalni nivoi sa opravdanom dozom bojazni odlaţu institualizaciju standarda. Većina standarda iz domena
kvaliteta elektriĉne energije je dostupna u domaćem izdanju, izdati su i objavljeni pod SRPS prefiksom – ima ih 69. Nijedan od ovih
standarda nema obavezujuću teţinu. Prilikom izdavanja Zakona o energetici, Uredbe o uslovima isporuke elektriĉne energije, Pravila
o praćenju tehniĉkih i komercijalnih pokazatelja kvaliteta isporuke i snabdevanja elektriĉnom energijom i prirodnim gasom, oĉigledno
je da je ova oblast zaobiĊena i propušteno je da se bar deo materijala iz ovih standarda uĉini obavezujućim.
Pojam kvaliteta elektriĉne energije se mora razlikovati od pojma kvalitet isporuke elektriĉne energije, a vrlo ĉesto se ova dva pojma
definišu isto, na štetu pojava koje su definisane u standardima koji se bave:
okruţenjem u kom vaţe standardi
tehnikama ispitivanja i merenja
dozvoljenim granicama meĊusobnih uticaja
definisanjem odreĊenih smernica za instalisanje i ublaţavanje uticaja
i generiĉki standardi za definisanje emisija u stambenim i komercijalnim okruţenjima
Pošto svakodnevna praksa i najĉešće postavljana pitanja u reklamacijama korisnika Distributivnog elektroenergetskog sistema
pokazuju nuţnu potrebu za uvoĊenjem pojedinih parametara kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u zakonske okvire. Dokumenti za
prikljuĉenje, poĉevši od Ugovora o prodaji elektriĉne energije za javno snabdevanje, zakonskih i drugih akata, dosta na uopšten
naĉin opisuju tehniĉke i druge aspekte isporuĉene robe, elektriĉne energije, koja je po svojoj prirodi posebna.
Zakljuĉak, koji se nameće u ovom radu, jeste takav da se smatra da bar delovi standarda koji se odnose na definisanje nominalnih
vrednosti i metode merenja moraju naći mesto u novim zakonskim aktima koji će se pojaviti.
Kljuĉne reĉi: kvalitet elektrićne energije, zakon, propis.
POWER QUALITY AND REGULATIONS
The paper gives an overview of the situation of legal, by-laws and acts of organizations that have to do with the power quality. Some
levels of goverment with a reasonable dose of fear delaying institutionalization of standards. Most of the standards in the field of
power quality is available in the domestic release, issued and published under the SRP prefix - there are 69. None of these
standards has no binding weight. When issuing the Energy Law, the Regulation on conditions for electricity delivery, rules on
monitoring technical and commercial indicators of the quality of delivery and supply of electricity and natural gas, it is obvious that
this area is bypassed and missed that at least part of the material from these standards make binding .
The term power quality must be distinguished from the concept of quality of electricity supply, and very often the two terms are
defined the same, to the detriment of phenomena that are defined in standards dealing with:
- The environment in which applicable standards
- Testing and measurement techniques
- Permissible limits of mutual influences
- The definition of specific guidelines for installation and mitigation
- The generic standards for defining emissions in residential and commercial environments
As a daily practice and the Frequently Asked Questions in complaints from customers distribution systems show an urgent need for
the introduction of individual power quality parameters in the legal framework. Documents for the connection, starting from the
contract on the sale of electricity for public supply, legal and other documents, quite a general way describe the technical and other
aspects of the delivered goods, electrical energy, which is by nature special.
The conclusion that arises in this paper, is such that it is considered that at least parts of standards that relate to defining the nominal
values and methods of measurement must find a place in the new legislation that will appear.
Key words: power quality, binding documents.
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R-2.12
ANALIZA UTICAJA KVARA KOMPENZACIJE REAKTIVNE SNAGE NA RAD MODERNIH ELEKTRONSKIH DVOSMERNIH
BROJILA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Boris HOLIK, Saša MARĈETA

EPS Distribucija, Srbija
Zamena postojećih indukcionih brojila elektriĉne energije modernim elektronskim sa širokim spektrom merenja, registrovanja i
detekcije ĉitavog niza parametara mernog mesta, otvara distributeru pristup novom skupu informacija o stanju mernog mesta i
merenja uopšte. U radu je prikazan primer iz prakse, kada je nakon zamene brojila utvrĊena nelogiĉnost u pokazivanju tokova
energije po fazama. Pored eksperimentalnih podataka, data je i kratka matematiĉka analiza uoĉene situacije. U zakljuĉku se navode
analize verovatnog uticaja kvara na indukciono brojilo, odnosno na obiĉno elektronsko brojilo.
Kljuĉne reĉi: dvosmerno brojilo elektriĉne energije, kvar kompenzacije reaktivne snage.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION’S MALFUNCTION

ON MODERN STATIC ELECTRICITY METERS
Replacement of existing „Ferrari― electricity meters with modern static electronic meters, which are capable of wide range of
metering, registering and detection of variety of parameters at point of delivery, enables Distribution System Operator an access to
new information about state of measurement at the point of delivery. Paper covers one situatuon from the field, when after
replacement of the meter an irregularity in energy flow in one of the systems has been detecetd. In addition to experimental data, a
short mathemathycal analysis of the situation is also given. In conclusion are given analyses of the probable impact of encountered
malfunction to the working of „Ferrari― meters, as well as ordinary static electricity meter.
Key words: two-way static electricity meter, malfunction of reactive power compensation.
R-2.13
GREŠKE AUTOMATSKE REGULACIJE NAPONA SA PRIMERIMA
Siniša SPREMIĆ, J.P. EPS – Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Srbija
Automatska regulacija napona pod opterećenjem u delatnosti distribucije elektriĉne energije je veoma bitna automatika ĉija upotreba
omogućava ţeljenu promenu poloţaja regulacione sklopke pod opterećenjem ĉime se vrši promena prenosnog odnosa
transformatora tako da se na sekundarnoj strani transformatora dobija ţeljena veliĉina napona. Ovakvom regulacijom napona ne
moţe se u potpunosti obezbediti stabilnost napona na elektrodistributivnoj mreţi. Uvaţavanjem parametara mreţe i parametara
opterećenja sa odgovarajućim podešenjima besteretnih menjaĉa transformatora niţeg naponskog nivoa moţe se obezbediti da se
kod najvećeg broja potrošaĉa veliĉine napona nalaze u propisima odreĊenim granicama. Podrazumeva se da i parametri
automatskog regulatora napona moraju biti odgovarajuće podešeni. U automatsku regulaciju napona su ukljuĉeni i drugi ureĊaji,
pomoćni releji, oţiĉenje, mehaniĉki kontakti, oprema u motornom pogonu regulacione sklopke tako da postoji mogućnost da svaki
deo moţe da uzrokuje neispravan rad automatske regulacije napona. Uzrok neispravnog rada automatske regulacije napona su u
nekim sluĉajevima ljudske greške bilo kroz neispravno projektovanje, izvoĊenje ili parametrisanje. Dat je prikaz mogućih uzroka
neispravnog rada automatske regulacije napona transformatora pod opterećenjem. Podrobno je opisano i razmotreno nekoliko
posebnih sluĉajeva neispravnog rada automatske regulacije napona koji se odnose na neispravno uvezivanje, grešku ureĊaja
ukljuĉenog u automatsku regulaciju napona i grešku projektovanja.
Kljuĉne reĉi: transformator, automatika, regulacija, napon, uticaj, regulaciona sklopka, poloţaj.
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ERRORS OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATION WITH EXAMPLES
On-load automatic voltage regulation in electricity distribution is very important automation which use enable desirable change of on-
load tap changer position i.e. change of turn ratio of transformer and thus desirable value of voltage is obtain on the secondary side
of transformer. Such voltage regulation could not obtain voltage stability in distribution network. Taking account network parameters
and loading parameters together with adequate adjustment of off-load tap changers (de-energized tap changers) of transformers of
lower voltage levels it is possible to obtain voltage values which enter borders defined by regulations. Of course parameters of
automatic voltage regulator must be properly adjusted. Automatic voltage regulation contain other devices, auxiliary relays, wiring,
cam-operated contacts, motor drive unit equipment so there is possibility that every part can cause automatic voltage regulation
malfunction. In some cases human error is cause of automatic voltage malfunction possibly through incorrect designing,
implementation or parameterization. Review of possible causes malfunction of automatic voltage regulation of transformers with on-
load tap changer is given. Several specific cases of incorrect operation of automatic voltage regulation are described and analyzed in
detail which refer to incorrect wiring, malfunction of device incorporated in automatic voltage regulation and designing error.
Key words: transformer, automation, regulation, voltage, influence, tap changer, position.
R-2.14
PROBLEMI U RADIJALNOJ MREŢI SREDNJEG NAPONA SA IZOLOVANOM NEUTRALNOM TAĈKOM NASTALI USLED
FEROREZONANSE
Svetislav MILORADOVIĆ, M. STANKOVIĆ

P.D. ‖Termoelektrane i kopovi Kostolac‖ D.O.O. Republika Srbija
Pošto se u srednjenaponskim radijalnim mreţama sa izolovanom neutralnom taĉkom koristi induktivni naponski transformator,
primenom savremenih ureĊaja za spreĉavanje i prigušenje ferorezonanse shodno IEC 60071-2, u trajanju do 1s i pri nominalnom
naponu mreţe i stiĉe se uslov da se koriste odvodnici prenapona bez iskrišta (MO) sa niţim naznaĉenim naponom. Prema IEC
60099-5 naznaĉeni napon odvodnika moţe biti jednak ili veći od najvećeg ekvialentnig privremenog prenapona u mreţi. Otpornosti
nastale provoĊenjem struje kroz odvodnik prenapona u razvodu za vreme uspostavljanja zemljospoja svešće izolovanu mreţu
(Ia<0.1*Ic) na mreţu ĉija je aktivna komponenta struje zemljospoja funkcija u-i karakteristike odvodnika prenapona. Tako se svodi u
izolovanoj mreţi nagib karakteristike prenapona pri uspostavljanju zemljospoja i njena temena vrednost na niţu vrednost. Ovo
dovodi do niţe vrednosti preostalog napona (za istu nominalnu struju) odvodnika, manje mogućnosti nastanka visokih prenapona pri
uspostavljanju zemljospoja, manju mogućnost nastanka i mreţne ferorezonanse, manje mogućnosti nastanka intermitirajućih
zemljospoja i niţih stacionarnih napona ispravnih faza u toku zemljospoja. Pri tim uslovima smanji će se mogućnost nastanka
višestrukih zemljospoja i višepolnih kratkih spojeva, što nije sluĉaj u izolovanoj mreţi (Ia<0.1*Ic). U svedenoj mreţi sa takvim
rešenjem postoje svi uslovi za zaštitu opreme od privremenih, sklopnih i atmosferskih prenapona. Odvodnici prenapona bez iskrišta
(МО) će aktivno uĉestvovati, sa svojom otpornošću (TOV) u prigušenju feroezonanse nastale u delu razvoda, potpomognuti
savremenim ureĊajem u tercijaru naponskih transformatora.
Zemljospoj sa velikim strujama (veće od propisanih) u izolovanoj mreţi izaziva manju verovatnoću njenog samogašenja pa zato on
duţe traje, sa većim stacionarnim naponima na preostalim fazama što će zagrejati mesto kvara. Tada zemljospoj moţe postati
dvopolni ili tropolni kratki spoj. Prenaponi pri uspostavljanju zemljospoja dostiţu 2.5Uf. Prenaponi kod iskljuĉenja zemljospoja
najĉešće ne prelaze nominalni napon mreţe ukoliko se iskljuĉenje dešava pri prolasku struje kroz nulu. Tako se i delovanjem
odvodnika prenapona (MO) iskljuĉenje veze sa uzemljenjem vrši najkasnije pri prvom prolasku struje kroz nulu. Visoki prenaponi
mogu se pojaviti ukoliko doĊe do ponovnog paljenja elektriĉnog luka pri iskljuĉenju prekidaĉa ili kada prekidaĉ prekida struju pre
njenog prolaska kroz nulu – seĉenje struje. Sklopni prenaponi pri tome su reda 3,5Uf. Kod velikih kapaciteta mreţe odnosno pri
njenim velikim strujama zemljospoja, veća je mogućnost nastanka 2. subharmonijske ferorezonase. Visina faznih napona u toku
ferorezonansnih oscilacija zavisi od: vrednosti kapaciteta provodnika mreţe prema zemlji; od oblika u-i karakteristike magnećenja
naponskog ili energetskog transformatora (potrošaĉ) ili armiranog opleta od ĉeliĉne ţice ili trake kod podzemnih kablova i otpora
prigušenja razvoda.
Intermitirajući zemljospoj je više verovatan u mreţama sa malim strujama zemljospoja i pri uspostavljanju zemljospoja dostiţe 6Uf.
Opasan je za naponsko naprezanje izolacije i za termiĉka oštećenja uzemljenja postrojenja na konzumu pa i za ljudstvo koje radi na
tim poslovima, ukoliko preĊe u višestruki zemljospoj. Jedna od dodatnih mera zaštite od opasnog napona dodira jeste izvoĊenje
zaštitnog centralnog uzemljivaĉa.
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Pored gore navedenog, ovim radom razmatrani su sledeći problemi (i njihova rešenja) nastali usled ferorezonanse u izolovanim
mreţama:
a) problem pregorevanja naponskih induktivih transformatora,
b) problem neselektivnog reagovanja zemljospojne usmerene zaštite izvodne ćelije transformatorske stanice
c) problem ometanja rada odvodnika prenapona (ТОV) i
d) problem pri asimetriji energetskog transformatora kao potrošaĉa.
Kljuĉne reĉi: ferorezonansa, neselektivnost, zemljospojna usmerena zaštita, naponski transformator, srednjenaponska mreţa,
transformatorska stanica, odvodnik prenapona bez iskrišta (MO).
iUNAPREĐENJE PROCESA ODRŢAVANJA RADIJALNE MREŢE SREDNJEG NAPONA SA IZOLOVANOM NEUTRALNOM

TAĈKOM PRIMENOM SAVREMENIH UREĐAJA ZA SPREĈAVANJE I PRIGUŠENJE FEROREZONANSE, CIRED 2014.
PROBLEMS IN RADIAL MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL POINT CAUSED BY
FERRORESONANSE
As the above-mentioned networks use an inductive voltage transformer, using modern devices for preventing and damping
ferroresonance according to IEC 60071-2, up to 1s and at nominal voltage networks i there is a condition to use a surge arrester
without gaps (MO) with lower rated voltage. According to IEC 60099-5 rated voltage of surge arresters can be equal or greater than
the maximum equivalent temporary voltage in the network. Resistance caused by conducting current through the arrester in the part
of network, during the establishing ground fault will reduce the isolated network (Ia <0.1 * Ic) to the network whose active component
of the current ground fault is function u-i characteristic of surge arresters. In that way, down slope characteristics of overvoltage at
the establishing earth fault in an isolated network and its apex value reduce to a lower value. This leads to a lower value of residual
voltage (for the same nominal current) of surge arrester, lower probability of high overvoltages in the establishing ground faults,
lower probability of network ferroresonance, lower probability of intermittent earth faults and lower stationary voltage of correct
phases during earth fault. Under these conditions the possibility of occurrence of multiple ground faults and multi pole short circuit
will reduce, which is not the case in an isolated network (Ia <0.1 * Ic). In the adjusted network with such a solution, there are all
conditions to protect the equipment from temporary, switching and lightning surges. Surge arresters without gaps (MO) with their
resistance (TOV) will actively participate in damping ferroresonance occured in the part of network, assisted by a modern device
connected to voltage transformers.
Ground fault with large currents in an isolated network causes less likely its self-extinguishing and therefore it lasts longer, with
higher stationary voltages on the remaining stages which will heat place of the fault. Then ground fault may become bipolar or three
phase short circuit. Overvoltages in establishing ground fault reach 2.5Uf.
Overvoltages in the exclusion of earth usually do not exceed the nominal voltage of network, if the switching occurs when passing
current through zero. So, the operation of surge arresters (MO) exclusion from connection with earth is done at latest at the first
passage through zero current.
With the exclusion of earth fault in this network high overvoltagse may occur if there is a re-ignition of electric arc when turn off
switch or when switch out the current before its passes through zero - cutting current. Switching overvoltages are in the range 3,5Uf.
In large network capacity and its large ground fault currents, the possibility of 2. subharmonics ferroresonance is greater. The height
of phase overvoltages in the ferroresonance oscillation flow depends on the values of its capacity conductor with the ground; the
form of u-i characteristic magnetization voltage or power (consumers) transformer or reinforced braids of steel wire or strip with
underground cables and resistance damping part of the network.
Intermittent ground fault is more likely in networks with low earth fault current and in the establishing overvoltage earth fault, when it
reaches 6UF. It is dangerous for the voltage stress of insulation and thermal damage to earth installations in the consumption and
even for people who work in these jobs, if it converts to multiple ground faults. One of the additional protection against danger touch
is the central performance of protective earthing.
In addition to the above, the article provides solutions to the following problems which occurred due to ferroresonance in isolated
networks, namely:
a) the problem of burning inductive voltage transformers,
b) the problem of nonselective reactions of directed earth fault protection in outgoing cubicles (substations),
c) the problem of obstruction of surge arresters without gaps (MO) and
d) the problem of asymmetry power transformer as a consumer.
Key words: ferroresonance, damping resistor, non-selectivity, directional earth-full protection, voltage transformenr, grounding,
medium voltage network, substation, trasformer-sensore, surge arrester without gaps (MO)
iIMPROVING THE PROCESS OF MAINTENANCE OF MEDIUM VOLTAGE RADIAL NETWORKS WITH AN ISOLATED NEUTRAL
POINT, BY APPLYING MODERN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING AND DAMPING FERRORESONANCE
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R-2.15
PROBLEM ZAŠTITE 35 KV POSTROJENJA SA IZOLOVANOM NEUTRALNOM TAĈKOM

U PLANINSKOM PODRUĈJU OD PRENAPONA
Milan SAVIĆ, Mileta ŢARKOVIĆ, Ratko KOVAĈIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, Srbija
Marko MIJIĆ, Elnos BL, Banja Luka,
Mladen BANJANIN, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, Bosna i Hercegovina
U toku eksploatacije u Hidroelektrani Boĉac na Vrbasu u 35 kV postrojenju se desilo u kratkom roku nekoliko kvarova izolacije
(proboj namotaja 35 kV suvog transformatora sopstvene potrošnje, proboj 35 kV kablovske glave, havarija 35 kV odvodnika
prenapona, havarija 35 kV osiguraĉa sa pojavom meĊufaznog luka praćenog eksplozijom). Studija koordinacije izolacije je
napravljena u 2 pravca:
a) Studija atmosferskih prenapona kada su vodovi 35 kV sa zaštitnim uţetom na kamenitom terenu ispred analiziranog postrojenja
pogoĊeni atmosferskim udarom.
b) Eksperimentalno istraţivanje kontrolisanog jednopolnog zemljospoja sa lukom u 35 kV sistemu.
Na osnovu studije atmosferskih prenapona je potvrĊeno da su neke od havarija posledica atmosferskih udara. Na osnovu dnevnika
dogaĊaja utvrĊeno je taĉno vreme havarije. Od Nezavisnog operatera sistema Bosne i Hercegovine koji raspolaţe sa rezultatima
registracije sistema za detekciju i lociranje atmosferskih udara je utvrĊeno da postoji korespondencija izmeĊu havarija i atmosfersih
udara na analiziranom podruĉju. UtvrĊeni su sledeći problemi vezani za zaštitu od atmosferskih prenapona:
 UtvrĊeno je da jedan set odvodnika prenapona postavljen na spoljašnjem zidu zgrade postrojenja pored kablovske glave 35 kV
kabla, koji povezuje ulaz u zgradu postrojenja sa transformatorom sopstvene potrošnje 35/0.4 kV, nije dovoljan za efikasnu
prenaponsku zaštitu. Predloţeno je da se montira još jedan set odvodnika prenapona na samom transformatoru sopstvene
potrošnje, što bi obezbedilo potpunu zaštitu.
 Analizirani 35 kV sistem sa izolovanom neutralnom taĉkom ima samo indikaciju zemljospoja, ali ne i iskljuĉenje, tako da
zemljospoj moţe neograniĉeno da traje. Izbor adekvatnog odvodnika prenapona u takvim uslovima je ozbiljan problem. Tri
odvodnika prenapona razliĉitih proizvoĊaĉa su analizirana i samo jedan odvodnik prenapona ispunjava uslov da mu je preostali
napon, koji definiše zaštitni nivo, dovoljno nizak. Sa druge strane potrebno je da sposobnost odvodnika prenapona da podnese
privremene prenapone bude takva da odvodnik moţe da radi u uslovima zemljospoja neograniĉenog trajanja.
Eksperimentalno su istraţivani prenaponi usled intermitentnih zemljospojeva sa lukom u kontrolisanim uslovima. Duţina luka je
podešavana da se dobije da je trajanje intemitentnih prenapona bude bar nekoliko perioda. Dobijen je maksimalni koeficijenat
prenapona na zdravoj fazi veći od 2.8 relativnih jedinica. Broj eksperimenata je bio ograniĉen, tako da je broj registrovanih
prenapona bio nedovoljan da bi se mogli statistiĉki obraditi. Eksperimenti su pokazali da zemljospojevi sa lukom mogu da izazovu
visoke prenapone koji mogu da znaĉajno napreţu izolaciju. Rezultati su kasnije numeriĉki simulirani da bi se dokazao mehanizam
nastanka prenapona pri intermitentnom gorenju luka.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Atmosferski prenaponi, odvodnici prenapona, izolovano zvezdište, zemljospojevi.
AN OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION PROBLEM OF THE 35 KV SUBSTATION WITH INSULATED NEUTRAL CONNECTED TO

OVERHEAD LINE IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIA
During the exploitation of the HE plant Boĉac 1 at river Vrbas in the 35 kV substation couple insulation failures happened in the short
time period (35 kV winding of power transformer for self plant consumption failure, 35 kV cable termination outage, surge arrester
damage, 35 kV fuse housing breaking causing three phase short circuit with explosion). The over-voltages study was performed in
two directions:
a) Lightning overvoltage study for the case when 35 kV lines with shield wire connected to the substation, built at rocky terrain, are
subjected to the lightning discharges,
b) The experimental investigation of the single line controlled arcing ground fault in 35 kV system.
From lightning overvoltage study it was proven that some of accidents are caused by lightning strikes. From log-books the exact
timing of the accident was detected and compared to the results of lightning detection system owned by Independent System
Operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina and strong correlation was found. The following problems considering lightning initiated failures
are detected:
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 It was found that one set of surge arresters mounted at the outer wall of substation building close to the cable terminations
connecting end of overhead line with 35/0.4 kV transformer for self consumption is not sufficient for efficient overvoltage protection.
Another set of surge arrester mounted directly at the dry type transformer for self consumption must be mounted to perform full
protection.
 The analyzed 35 kV system with isolated neutral point has only indication of the ground faults, which can have unlimited
duration. From this reason surge arrester selection for such a system is a complicated problem. Three surge arresters from different
manufactures are compared and only one surge arresters type has adequately low residual voltage characteristics to protect
insulation and enough high temporary overvoltage withstand ability for ground faults with unlimited duration in 35 kV network.
Transient over-voltages caused by arcing ground fault are experimentally simulated in controlled conditions. The arc length was
controlled in such a way that intermittent arc duration was couple of periods, giving high overvoltage factors, acceding the value of
2.8 per unit. The number of performed experiments was not great enough to deduce overvoltage statistical parameters, but
experiments showed that arcing fault can cause high overvoltage and that the intermittent ground fault can have long duration
causing number of transients stressing insulation. The results are afterwards numerically simulated to proof the mechanism of
overvoltage origination.
Key words: Lightning overvoltages, surge arresters, insulated neutral, ground faults.
R-2.16
ANALIZA UTICAJA SOLARNE ELEKTRANE NA KVALITET ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE
H. SALKIĆ, A. BIJEDIĆ, A. SOFTIĆ

JP Elektroprivreda BiH, Bosna i Hercegovina
U poslednje vreme sve veći znaĉaj u proizvodnji elektriĉne energije je dat korišćenju obnovljivih izvora energije. U Bosni i
Hercegovini to se, u ovom trenutku, naroĉito odnosi na korišćenje energije sunĉevog zraĉenja, odnosno izgradnju solarnih
(fotonaponskih) elektrana. U cilju analiziranja uticaja ovakvih elektroenergetskih objekata na kvalitet elektriĉne energije celokupne
distributivne mreţe potrebno je poznavati odreĊene parametre koji su definisani normom EN 50160. Vrednosti ovih parametara
mogu se dobiti merenjima i to instrumentima za merenje kvaliteta elektriĉne energije (analizatori). U ovom radu je razmatran uticaj
na distributivnu mreţu solarne elektrane instalisane snage 21,5 kWp, a za analizu su korišćena merenja koja su izvršena tokom
sedmodnevnog radnog ciklusa solarne elektrane. Tokom mernog perioda vršeno je uzorkovanje i merenje mernih veliĉina u 10-
minutnim, odnosno 10-sekundnim vremenskim intervalima, u zavisnosti od merene veliĉine, kako je to propisano normom. Rezultati
merenja su predstavljeni na dijagramima i na osnovu njih su izvedeni zakljuĉci o kvalitetu elektriĉne energije koju ova solarna
elektrana distribuiše potrošaĉima.
Kljuĉne reĉi: solarna elektrana, norma EN50160, kvalitet elektriĉne energije, distributivna mreţa.
ANALYSIS OF SOLAR POWER PLANT IMPACT ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORK POWER QUALITY
Recently, the increasing importance in power production is given to the usage of renewable energy sources. In Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in this moment, this particularly refers to the usage of solar radiation energy, respectively to the construction of solar
(photovoltaic) power plants. In order to analyze the impact of such power facilities on the power quality of entire distribution network
it is necessary to know a certain parameters that are defined by the norm EN 50160. The values of these parameters can be
obtained by measurements, with instruments for measuring the power quality (analyzers). In this paper is analyzed the influence on
the distribution network of solar power plant with installed capacity of 21.5 kWp, and for the analysis are used the measurements that
are performed during a seven-day working cycle of solar power plant. During the measurement period the sampling and
measurement of measuring values is performed, in 10-minute or 10-second time intervals, depending on the measured value, as it is
prescribed in the norm. The measurement results are presented in diagrams and based on them the conclusions about power quality
which is distributed to the consumers by these solar power plant are made.
Key words: solar power plant, norm EN50160, power quality, distribution network.
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R-2.17
ZAJEDNIĈKI UTICAJ FOTONAPONSKIH SISTEMA I ELEKTRIĈNIH AUTOMOBILA NA HARMONIJSKO IZOBLIĈENJE

STRUJA U URBANIM DISTRIBUTIVNIM SISTEMIMA
Duško TOVILOVIĆ, Stanari 438, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina

Nikola RAJAKOVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, Republika Srbija
U posljednjih nekoliko decenija proizvodnja elektriĉne energije iz fotonaponskih sistema (FNS-a) i broj prodatih elektriĉnih
automobila (EA-a) su u stalnom porastu. Kako bi se obezbijedilo znaĉajnije prikljuĉenje FNS-a i EA-a u elektroenergetski distributivni
sistem (EDS) neophodno je istraţiti moguće uticaje prikljuĉenja ovih sistema na EDS. U ovom radu biće istraţen je zajedniĉki uticaj
FNS-a i EA-a na harmonijsko izobliĉenje struja. Testni sistem biće razvijen je na osnovu stvarnog sistema te će biti posmatrano
nekoliko karakteristiĉnih sluĉajeva u pogledu prikljuĉenja FNS-a i EA-a. Potrošaĉi na niskom naponu biće modelovani sa dnevnim
dijagramima opterećenja sa kvazistacionarnim intervalima od 10 minuta. Za modelovanje biće korišteni podaci o izmjerenim
snagama grupisanih potrošaĉa u stvarnom EDS-u. Dijagram proizvodnje fotonaponskog sistema biće modelovan na osnovu
izraĉunate izlazne snage stavrnog FNS-a naznaĉene snage od 15 kW. Proizvodnja elektriĉne energije posmatranog FNS-a biće
izraĉunata korištenjem programskog alata OpenDSS, koji posjeduje model FNS-a, korištenjem podataka o stepenu korisnog dejstva
invertora posmatranog FNS-a te podataka o vrijednostima intenziteta Sunĉevog zraĉenja u toku dana i dnevne temperature. Podaci
o intenzitetu Sunĉevog zraĉenja biće preuzeti su sa internet servisa SODA te će biti posmatrano podruĉje grada Doboja. Za potrebe
analize tokova snaga viših harmonika (harmonijska analiza) pojedini karakteristiĉni tipovi potrošaĉa biće modelovani kao strujni izvori
struja osnovnog harmonika i viših harmonijskih komponenti (harmonika) struje. Za modelovanje biće korišteni podaci o amplitudama
i faznim stavovima pojedinih harmonika struje koji su izmjereni u stvarnom sistemu. Oĉekuje se da će biti pokazano da istovremeno
prikljuĉenje FNS-a i EA-a moţe da dovede do povećanja harmonijskog izobliĉenja struja u sistemu. S obzirom da je odrţanje
kvaliteta elektriĉne energije u zadovoljavajućim granicama jedan od zadataka u eksploataciji EDS-a, te pošto se oĉekuje znaĉajnije
prikljuĉenje FNS-a i EA-a u skorijoj budućnosti, neophodno je nastaviti istraţivanje zajedniĉkog uticaja FNS-a i EA-a u pravcu
otkrivanja radnih reţima sistema u kojima bi njihovi negativni uticaji bili minimalni.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: distributivni sistem, distribuirana proizvodnja, fotonaponski sistem, elektriĉni automobil, harmonijska analiza.
SIMULTANEOUS IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON HARMONIC DISTORTION OF

CURRENTS IN URBAN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
In recent decades, the production of electricity from photovoltaic systems (PVs) and the number of sold electric vehicles (EVs) are
increasing. In order to provide significant connection of PVs and the EVs in the electricity distribution system (EDS) it is necessary to
investigate the possible impacts of connecting these systems to EDS. In this paper we will investigate the combined effect of PVs
and EVs to harmonic current distortion. The test system will be developed based on the actual system. Several characteristic cases
will be considered in terms of PVs and EVs connection. Loads on low voltage will be modeled by daily load profiles and data
measured in in real EDS will be used for modelling. Electric power generation of a photovoltaic system will be modeled on the
calculated output power of real PVs a specified power of 15 kW. Electricity production of observed PVs will be calculated using a
software tool OpenDSS using data of efficiency of the inverter observed PVs 's and data of the values of the solar radiation during
the day and daytime temperatures. Solar radiation data will be taken from the internet service SODA and city Doboj will be
considered. For the harmonics power flow calculation (harmonic analysis), some typical types of consumers will be modeled as a
current source current for fundamental harmonic and higher harmonic components (harmonics). Data of the amplitudes and phases
of individual harmonic currents measured in the real system will be used for modelling. It is expected that simultaneous connection of
the PVs and the EVs may lead to an increase of the harmonic distortion currents in the system. Due to maintaining the quality of
electricity within the required limits is one of the tasks in service of EDS, and as it is expected a significant connection PVs and the
EV in the near future, it is necessary to continue research of simultaneous impact of PVs and EVs towards discovering operating
modes of the system in which their adverse effects will be minimal.
Keywords: Electric Power Distribution System, Distributed Generation, Photovoltaic System, Electric Vehicle, Harmonic Power Flow
Calculation.
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REGULACIJA NAPONA U NISKONAPONSKIM MREŢAMA SA DISTRIBUIRANOM PROIZVODNJOM
Ilija DIMITRIJEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Direkcija za upravljanje DEES, Sluţba za MIZ i automatizaciju DEES, Novi Sad,
Siniša SPREMIĆ, J.P. EPS – Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad - Sektor odrţavanja EEO VN i MM, Srbija
Osnovni i u dosadašnjoj praksi jedini naĉin regulacije napona u distributivnoj mreţi (u daljem tekstu: DM) se vrši regulacionom
sklopkom pod opterećenjem na transformatorima visoki napon/srednji napon ĉime se samo delimiĉno mogu otkloniti padovi napona i
obezebediti veliĉina napona u relativno uskom opsegu bez znaĉajne nesimetrije. Velike promene veliĉine napona i nesimetrija su
posebno izraţeni u niskonaponskoj (u daljem tekstu: NN) mreţi. Kako bi se izbegla veća ulaganja u otklanjanje problema u NN
pasivnim mreţama bez distribuiranih izvora, ali i aktivnim mreţama sa distribuiranom proizvodnjom u poslednje vreme je razvijen
veći broj razliĉitih tehniĉko-tehnoloških rešenja za regulaciju napona u NN DM. Ova rešenja obuhvataju dva rešenja transformator
srednji/niski napon sa više poloţaja (otcepa) sa regulacijom napona pod opterećenjem, transformator niski/niski napon (NN/NN) sa
više poloţaja (otcepa) sa regulacijom napona pod opterećenjem, transformator niski/niski napon sa promenljivom induktivnošću,
NN/NN kaskada upravljana kontakterima, tri rešenja NN/NN pojaĉala sa energetskom elektronikom i rešenje korišćenjem Skotovih
transformatora. Dat je kratak prikaz rešenja za regulaciju napona u NN mreţama sa mogućnostima primene. Navedene su prednosti
i nedostaci svakog od rešenja. Pored ovog znaĉajan uticaj na veliĉinu napona i nesimetriju moţe imati distribuirana proizvodnja
elektriĉne energije prikljuĉena na NN DM. Opisan je uticaj razliĉitih vrsta distribuiranih izvora elektriĉne energije na prilike u NN DM
uvaţavajući znaĉajnu nesimetriju koja se javlja u većini NN DM. Razmotren je zajedniĉki uticaj razliĉitih ureĊaja za regulaciju napona
i distribuirane proizvodnje na poboljšanje napona u NN mreţama.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Regulacijam, Niski, Napon, Distribuirana, Proizvodnja.
VOLTAGE REGULATION AT LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Basic and in previous practice only way for voltage regulation in distribution network was using On-Load Tap Changers at
transformers high voltage/medium voltage. This type of voltage regulation could only partially remove voltage drops and provide
voltage at relative narrow range without significant asymmetry. Big voltage changes and asymmetry are especially noticeable at low
voltage network. In order to avoid large investment due to problems in passive low voltage networks without distributed generation
and active low voltage networks with distributed generation several different technical and technological solutions for voltage
regulation at low voltage network was developed. Those solutions comprise two solutions of transformers medium voltage/low
voltage (in following text: LV/LV) with several taps with On-Load Tap Changer, transformer low voltage/low voltage (in following text:
LV/LV) with on-load regulation over several taps, transformer LV/LV with variable inductance, LV/LV contactor controlled cascade,
three solutions of LV/LV amplifiers with electronic control and solution using Scott transformers. Short description of solutions for
voltage regulation in low voltage networks with application possibilities was given. Advantages and disadvantages of each solution
are suggested. Significant influence on voltage and asymmetry could have distributed generation connected at low voltage
distribution network. Different types of distributed generation influence on condition at low voltage distribution network with respect to
significant asymmetry which occurs in most low voltage distribution networks are showed. Consideration of common influence of
different devices for voltage regulation and different distribution generation to improve voltage in low voltage networks.
Key words: Regulation, Low, Voltage, Distributed, Generation.
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TEHNIĈKI USLOVI PRIKLJUĈENJA I MULTILEVEL INVERTORI U DISTRIBUIRANIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
N. SAVIĆ, V. A. KATIĆ
Poslednjih godina, distribuirani izvori energije (DIE) predstavljaju jedan od energetskih resursa koji se sve intezivnije koriste [1].
Dobro funkcionisanje sastavnih delova i zadovoljenje mreţnih zahteva za prikljuĉenje DIE, predstavljaju kljuĉne uslove za efikasno
korišćenje i uspešnu integraciju DIE u elektroenergetski sistem. Jedan od najvaţnijih sastavnih delova, koji obezbeĊuju siguran i
pouzdan rad distribuiranih izvora energije, predstavljaju energetski pretvaraĉi (invertori) preko kojih su DIE povezani na mreţu. Ovi
invertori, poznati pod imenom mreţni invertori (grid-tie inverter), obiĉno su realizovani kao trofazni u mostnoj konfiguraciji i upravljani
su sa PWM tehnikom [2]. U tom obliku, oni najĉešće zadovoljavaju tehniĉke uslove prikljuĉenja za male elektrane na distributivnu
mreţu (niski ili srednji napon), koji vaţe u svetu i kod nas [3]. MeĊutim, sve više zemalja usvajaju dodatne uslove, koji se vezuju za
rad ovih elektrana u sluĉaju kratkotrajnih poremećaja u mreţi (naponskih varijacija, propada napona i sl.), pogotovu ako se DIE
vezuju na srednji ili visoki napon. Ovi uslovi, poznati kao „Pravila mreţe― (Grid Code) predviĊaju da DIE nastavi sa radom, ĉak i ako
u mreţi doĊe do kvara, odnosno do znaĉajnijeg pada napona (pa i na nulu) u jednom kratkom vremenskom periodu (150 ms – 600
ms) [4]. U takvim uslovima dolazi do znaĉajnog strujnog naprezanja komponenti mreţnog invertora, pa je potrebno razviti posebne
algoritme upravljanja i druge mere zaštite ili traţiti nova rešenja.
Jedan od novih puteva je razvoj invertora sa više nivoa (multilevel inverter). Elementarni koncept invertora sa više nivoa, koji moţe
da dostigne velike snage, je da koristi seriju snaţnih poluprovodniĉkih prekidaĉa sa nekoliko manjih izvora DC napona koji vrše
konverziju snage kreirajući stepeniĉast oblik napona ili struje na svom izlazu. Broj nivoa u invertoru definiše broj jednosmernih (DC)
naponskih izvora (kondenzatori, baterije i obnovljivi izvori energije mogu se koristiti kao DC naponski izvori) koji su potrebni u cilju da
se dostigne odreĊen napon na svom izlazu. Pored sposobnosti (karakteristike, osobine) da dostiţu velike snage, multilevel invertori
omogućuju bolje karakteristike izlaznog napona (manji sadrţaj viših harmonika, jednostavnije filtriranje i dr.). DIE kao što su solarne
fotonaponske elektrane, vetrogeneratori ili kombinovani (hibridni) izvori mogu se sa lakoćom povezati sa pretvaraĉima sa više nivoa i
koristiti u mreţama kako niskog, tako i visokog napona. Povezivanje nekog od DIE sa mreţom preko multilevel pretvaraĉa
prevazilaze se neke od mana kao što su upotreba skupih, glomaznih i preteških transformatora, velika harmonijska distorzija izlaznih
napona i struja, itd.. Drugi veoma vaţan faktor predstavljaju zahtevi mreţe za prikljuĉenje DIE u elektroenergetski sistem. U ovom
radu će biti predstavljeni invertori sa više nivoa, njihove najvaţnije konfiguracije, kao i karakteristiĉni metodi upravljanja.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Distribuirani izvori energije, Multilevel invertori, Prikljuĉenje FN elektrana.
GRID CODE REQUIREMENTS AND MULTILEVEL INVERTERS IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SOURCES
N. SAVIĆ, V. A. KATIĆ
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
For the past few years, the use of distributed energy resources (DER) has widely intensified. Good function of devices and
compliance with grid connection requirements for a DER are the key to the efficient use and successful integration of a DER into the
power system. One of the most important components, which ensure safe and reliable performance of a DER is power inverter which
connects DER to the grid. These inverters, known as grid-tie inverters, are usually realized as 3-phase bridge inverters controlled by
PWM technique. In this form, they usually satisfy technical requirements, domestic as well as international, for connecting small
power plants to the grid (low or medium voltage). However, more and more countries adopt additional requirements in terms of small
power plant operation during short-term grid fluctuations (voltage variation, voltage drop, etc.), especially if DER is connected to
medium or high voltage. These requirements, known as Grid Code expect a DER to continue working even if there is a break down
in the grid, i.e. if there is a is significant voltage drop (even to 0) in a short period of time (150 ms – 600 ms). These conditions deliver
substantial over-current to the components of the grid tie inverter, so it is necessary to develop special managing and other
protective measures, or simply research new solutions.
One of new trends is the development of multilevel inverters. Basic concept of multilevel inverters, which can reach great power, is
use of a series of strong semiconductor switches with a few smaller DC voltage sources which convert the power by creating a
cascading output voltage or current. Number of inverter levels defines a number DC voltage sources (capacitors, batteries and
renewable energy resources can be used as DC voltage sources) which are needed in order to achieve certain output voltage. Along
with the ability (characteristics, performances) to achieve great power, multilevel inverters produce output voltage with better
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characteristics (smaller content of higher harmonics, simpler filtration, etc.). DER as solar photovoltaic power plants, wind generators
or combined (hybrid) resources can easily be connected to multilevel inverters and thus be used in low voltage as well as in high
voltage grids. By connecting a DER to the grid using a multilevel inverter a few disadvantages can be overcome, such as the use of
expensive, large and heavy transformers, large harmonic distortion of output voltage and current, etc. The second most important
factor is the requirements for connecting DER to the power grid. This paper concentrates on multilevel inverters, their most important
configurations, as well as particular methods of control (management)..
Keywords: Distributed energy resources, Multilevel inverters, PV plants connection.
R-2.20
UGRADNJA NN ORMANA ZA KOMPENZACIJU U CILJU POPRAVKE FAKTORA SNAGE NA KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU TS

110/35/10 KV „BEOGRAD 18 – RALJA“
Dušan VUKOTIĆ*, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija

Nada VRCELJ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla― a.d. Beograd, Srbija
Radomir TODOROVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
Aleksandar MILOJKOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
Duţi niz godina na konzumnom podruĉju TS 110/35/10 kV „Beograd 18 – Ralja― postoji problem izuzetno lošeg ukupnog faktora
snage koji je rezultirao registrovanjem prekomerne preuzete reaktivne energije na tom mernom mestu. U cilju popravke faktora
snage, odnosno eliminisanja prekomerne preuzete reaktivne energije na ciljnom konzumnom podruĉju izvršena je analiza koja je
dala smernice u pogledu potrebnih akcija koje je potrebno sprovesti u cilju rešavanja problema. Pod tim se podrazumevalo da se
napravi odgovarajuća tehniĉka specifikacija za nabavku NN ormana za kompenzaciju, budući da postojeće tehniĉke specifikacije
nisu obuhvatale NN ormane za kompenzaciju koje bi se ugraĊivali na stubnim transformatorskim stanicama instalisane snage od
160 kVA i 250 kVA, a kojih je bilo najviše na tom konzumnom podruĉju. U prvoj etapi u potpunosti je ugradnjom pokriveno konzumno
podruĉje na teritoriji Sopota, i već na osnovu prvih rezultata kampanje ugradnje došlo je praktiĉno do eliminisanja prekomerne
preuzete reaktivne energije, naroĉito tokom letnjih meseci. Ali sa kampanjom ugradnje se nastavilo i na konzumnom podruĉju koje
obuhvata deo teritorije Grocke, kojim se problem izuzetno lošeg ukupnog faktora snage u potpunosti eliminisao. U radu su dati i
rezultati proraĉuna tokova snaga na ciljnom konzumnom podruĉju za sluĉaj kada nije bila sprovedena kampanja ugradnje NN
ormana za kompenzaciju, kao i nakon ugradnje, na osnovu koji se u potpunosti mogu videti svi efekti sprovedene kampanje
ugradnje NN ormana, koji se pre svega odnose na popravak faktora snage, ali i na poboljšanje naponskih prilika i smanjenja ukupnih
tehniĉki gubitaka. TakoĊe, data je analiza rezultata proraĉuna u cilju definisanja plana iskljuĉenja kondenzatorskih baterija u NN
ormanima tokom zimskog perioda kada dolazi do prekompenzovanja reaktivne energije na mestu ugradnje.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Popravak faktora snage, kondenzatorske baterije.
INSTALLING LV CABINET FOR COMPENSATION WITH A GOAL OF FIXING CAPACITY FACTOR AT THE CONSUMPTION
AREA OF PRIMARY STATION 110/35/10 KV \"BELGRADE 18 - RALJA"
There has been a problem for many years in the consumption area of primary station 110/35/10 kV \"Belgrade 18 - Ralja\", of
extremely low total power factor which resulted in the registration of excessive reactive power at the measuring point In order to
repair the power factor, or to eliminate the excessive reactive power on the target consumption area, the analysis has been
performed resulted in the guidance on the necessary actions to be undertaken in order to solve the problems. By this is meant to
make appropriate technical specifications for the procurement of LV cabinet for compensation (capacitor banks), because the
existing technical specifications did not include LV cabinets for the compensation that would be incorporated it in the pole mounted
transformer stations with installed capacity of 160 kVA and 250 kVA, and the most of them were present in this consumption area. In
the first stage the consumption area of Sopot community has been completely covered by the installation, and already the first
results of the campaign there has been mounting to virtually eliminate excessive reactive energy, assessing by the first results of the
campaign the excessive reactive energy has been practically eliminated, especially during the summer months. The campaign has
continued installation on the consumer area including a part of the territory of Grocka community, thus a problem of extremely low
total power factor has been completely eliminated. The paper presents the results of calculations of power flows on the target
consumption area when there were not a campaign mounting LV cabinet for compensation done, and after the installation, where all
the effects of campaigns LV cabinet installation can be fully seen all this being related to power factor, but also on improvement of
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voltage conditions and reduction of the total technical losses. It also provides an analysis of the calculation results in order to define
a plan of disconnection of capacitor banks in LV cabinets during the winter period, when there is over- compensation reactive power
on site.
Keywords: Repair of power factor, capacitor banks.
I-2.21
KVALITET ISPORUKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU SRBIJE DO 2014. GODINE
M. RISTIĆ, D. ILIĆ, I. JAGODIĆ, G. BJELAJAC, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije, Beograd,

Z. RISTIĆ, PEP, Beograd
U radu je izloţena metoda praćenja kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije, koja se u Evropskoj uniji primenjuje više od 14 godina. Dati
su i zahtevi Evropske energetske politike iz ove oblasti. Izloţen je i naĉin praćenja u Elektrodistributivnom sistemu Srbije. Dati su
neki primeri praćenja u Elektrodistributivnom sistemu Srbije do 2014. godine.
Kljuĉne reĉi: kvalitet isporuke elektriĉne energije, metoda, elektrodistributivni sistem.
QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN 2014 TO SERBIAN
The paper presents a method of monitoring the quality of electricity supply, which the European Union applies more than 14 years.
They are given the requirements of the European energy policy in this field. Also we present a way of monitoring in Distribution
system of Serbia. We gave some examples of monitoring in Distribution system of Serbia by 2014.
Keywords: quality of electricity supply, method, power distribution system.
Izveštaj STK 3
Struĉna komisija 3
UPRAVLJANJE I ZAŠTITA
Predsednik komisije: mr Dušan VUKOTIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
U predviĊenom roku za prijem radova i nakon razmatranja od strane recenzenata i struĉnih izvestilaca, prihvaćeno je 15 (petnaest)
radova, od ĉega je 12 (dvanaest) usvojeno kao referati (R), a 3 (tri) je usvojeno kao Informacije (I). Radi efikasnijeg rada u okviru
struĉne komisije, izvršeno je grupisanje radova u tri teme, objedinjavanjem preferencijalnih tema iz poziva za pisanje referata:
Tema 1 – Upravljanje elektrodistributivnim mreţama i telekomunikacije
Struĉni izvestilac je Dalibor NIKOLIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd.
U ovoj temi prihvaćeno je 1 (jedan) rad i 2 (dve) informacije u skladu sa preferencijalnim temama iz poziva za pisanje radova:
 Primena energetskih aplikacija u elektrodistributivnim preduzećima.
 Automatizacija elektrodistributivnih mreţa.
 Upravlјanje elektrodistributivnom mreţom u trţišnim uslovima.
 Regulacija napona u SN i NN mreţama.
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Tema 2 – Zaštita u elektrodistributivnim mreţama
Struĉni izvestilac je mr Zoran RISTANOVIĆ, „Siemens― d.o.o. Beograd.
U ovoj temi prihvaćeno je 7 (sedam) radova i 1 (jedna) informacija u skladu sa preferencijalnim temama iz poziva za pisanje radova:
 Strategije pri zameni SCADA sistema, rekonstrukciji relejne zaštite i uvoĊenju sistema za nadzor i upravlјanje u
transformatorskim stanicama.
 Aspekti pouzdanosti zaštite bazirane na standardu IEC 61850.
 Uticaj distribuirane proizvodnje na tradicionalne sisteme zaštite i upravljanja.
 Analiza pojave kvarova i registrovanih zapisa o kvarovima.
Tema 3 – Telekomunikacije i informatiĉka podrška procesima u elektrodistributivnim mreţama
Struĉni izvestilac je mr Miodrag PAŠĆAN, ODS „EPS Distribicija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad.
U ovoj temi prihvaćeno je 4 (ĉetiri) rada u skladu sa preferencijalnim temama iz poziva za pisanje radova:
 Sigurnosni aspekti pristupa informacijama i njihova razmena.
 Primena komunikacionih sistema za potrebe zaštite i upravljanja.
 Komunikacione tehnike i protokoli za realizaciju inteligentnih mreţa („Smart Grids― i Smart Metering‖).
 MeĊusobna zavisnost upravlјanja elektrodistributivnim mreţama i komunikacione infrastrukture
 Zahtev za potrebnim informacijama, upravlјanje podacima i dokumentacijom.
Na pisanju izveštaja, stručni izvestioci su se rukovodili zapažanjima, komentarima i pitanjima recenzenata, na čemu im se posebno
zahvaljuju.
Tema 1:
Upravljanje u elektrodistributivnim mreţama
Struĉni izvestilac: Dalibor NIKOLIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
R-3.01 OPTIMALNA STRATEGIJA ZA UNAPREĐENJE POUZDANOSTI U DISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA

Autori: Ţ. POPOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Subotica―
S. KNEŢEVIĆ, B. BRBAKLIĆ, „Schneider Electric DMS― d.o.o. Novi Sad, Srbija
U ovome radu je predloţen pristup, zasnovan na mešovitom celobrojnom lineranom programiranju, za odreĊivanje optimalne
strategije za unapreĊenje pouzdanosti u distributivnim mreţama. Predloţeni pristup istovremeno razmatra zamenu postojećih
elemenata mreţe novim, pouzdanijim elementima, relokaciju postojećih automatizovanih ureĊaja i ugradnju novih automatizovanih
ureĊaja u cilju dobijanja strategije za unapreĊenje pouzdanosti koja garantuje minimum ukupnih svedenih troškova pouzdanosti.
Pitanja:
1. U radu je navedeno da se heuristiĉkim i metaheuristiĉkim pristupima ne garantuje dobijanje globalnog optimima. Da li je
primenom pristupa zasnovanog na algoritmu mešovitog celobrojnog linearnog progarmiranja to garantovano?
2. Koliko se razlikuju pokazatelji pouzdanosti napajanja kupaca ostvareni razliĉitim scenarijima automatizacije predloţenim u
radu? Da li su oni u korelaciji sa troškovnim pristupom prikazanim u radu?
3. Da li bi se sukcesivnim optimizacionim postupkom kojim bi se optimizacija vršila po svim nabrojanim aktivnostima dobili rezultati
uporedivi sa optimalnim rešenjima sistema sa i bez normalno otvorenih ureĊaja. Koliko su odstupanja znaĉajna i u kojoj meri
favorizuju znatno sloţenije proraĉune?
I-3.02 UTICAJ AUTOMATIZACIJE ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE NA POVEĆANJE NJENE POUZDANOSTI

NA KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU VOJVODINE
Autori: A. BOŠKOVIĆ, B. RADMILOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
U radu je analizirana pouzdanost elektrodistributivne mreţe na podruĉju Vojvodine, pre i posle ulaganja u automatizaciju
srednjenaponske mreţe. Napravljen je pregled ulaganja u poslednje 4 godine. Praćeni su sledeći pokazatelji: SAIFI, SAIDI i ENS.
Konstatovano je znaĉajno poboljšanje ovih pokazatelja nakon ulaganja.
Rad daje pregled sistema koji se koristi za nadzor i upravljanje. Takodje, u radu su predloţeni i planovi za dalja unapreĊenja.
Pitanja:
1. Šta su ciljne vrednosti pokazatelja koje bi trebalo da se dostignu u nekom narednom periodu?
2. Da li se razmišlja o korišćenju standarda IEEE 1366, odnosno koliko su procedure za proraĉun pokazatelja usklaĊene sa ovim
standardom?
3. Da li su autori napravili analizu uzroka i trajanje ispada po pojedinim tipovima problema? Šta bi bio neki najĉešći uzrok i šta bi
mogle biti mere kojim bi se mogle ublaţiti posledice takvih ispada?
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I-3.03 PREPORUKE PRI DEFINISANJU OPREME ZA DALJINSKO UPRAVLJANJE SN MREŢOM
Autori: V. MIJATOVIĆ, M. RADUNOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Sombor―
U radu su od strane autora date preporuke na osnovu decenijskog iskustva u automatizaciji elektrodistributivne mreţe na teritoriji
koju pokriva Ogranak „Sombor―. Preporuke koje su autori u radu dali delimiĉno se razlikuju u odnosu na rešenja koja se primenjuju u
drugim ograncima u okviru ODS, te je u perspektivi neophodno da se dosadašnja hetorogena iskustva iz prakse koja poseduje
ogranci, akumuliraju i unesu u jedinstvene tehniĉke preporuke u pogledu automatizacije u okviru celokupnog ODS, a na kojima već
rade formirane radne grupe. Iz tog razloga postavljeno je nešto više pitanja sa ciljem da se što bolje objasne neke preporuke koje su
autori izneli u radu.
Pitanja:
1. Da li autori mogu da konketno pojasne koje su probleme imali kod rešenja gde su koristili opremu razliĉitih proizvoĊaĉa, imajući
da su proizvoĊaĉi u velikoj meri ispoštovali tehniĉke kriterijume u pogledu kompatibilnosti opreme kroz dosledno poštovanje
usvojenih standarda?
2. Da li autori mogu detaljnije da objasne razlog za izbor komandog napona od 24 V JSS, imajući u vidu da se samo predloţeni
komandni napon opreme za automatizaciju u na celom podruĉju ODS koristi samo u njihovom Ogranku? TakoĊe, potrebno je
da autori daju kratak osvrt na izgled baterije, budući da se u opremi za automatizaciju iskljuĉivo koriste baterije u jednom
kuĉištu, a ne u više kućišta kao što su autori naveli u radu.
3. Da li autori mogu da daju detaljan osvrt na izbor napajanja telekomunikacione opreme, kao i da daju detaljno razmatranje
uticaja rada tekomunikacione opreme na rad sistema za besprekidno napajanje opreme za automatizaciju?
4. Da li postoje dodatni razlozi za izbor pomoćnog napajanja opreme za automatizaciju od 230 V?
5. Kako eksploataciono stanje baterije utiĉe na pouzdan rad opreme za automatizaciju, imajući u vidu da je predloţeno da se
transformator za napajanje opreme montira iza nadzemnog rasklopnog elementa? Da li autori mogu da daju kraći tehniĉki opis
sekcionalizera ugraĊenih na njihovom konzumnom podruĉju?
6. Prilikom montaţe indikatora prolaska struje kvara u kojoj su meri poštovana uputstva za montaţu predmetne opreme date od
strane proizvoĊaĉa opreme.
7. Imajući u vidu da se na nivou ODS definišu jedinstvene specifikacije opreme za automatizaciju, koliko su autori upoznati sa
istim i koliko se one razlikuju od predloga datih u predmetnom radu?
8. Da li je samo potrebno vršiti iskljuĉenje lokalne automatike na opremi duţ voda na kome se vrše radovi ili je neophodno da se
izvrše i neke druge mere?
9. Zašto je izabrano da se primenjuje isti naĉin rada APU na izvodu i na riklozeru koji je ugraĊen u dubini mreţe?
Tema 2:
Zaštita u elektrodistributivnim mreţama
Struĉni izvestilac: mr Zoran RISTANOVIĆ, „Siemens― d.o.o. Beograd
R-3.04 AUTOMATIZACIJA SN MREŢE KROZ UGRADNJU PREKIDAĈA (REKLOZERA) - REALIZACIJA I

FUNKCIONALNOST ZAŠTITE
Autori: S. MANDIĆ, S. MILIVOJEV, M. POROBIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Novi Sad―
U radu je prikazana praksa pri ugradnji inteligentnih linijskih prekidaĉa (ILP – „riklozera―) na teritoriji koja se nalazi u nadleţnosti
Ogranka „Novi Sad―, gde autori na vrlo detaljan naĉin daju pregled svih aktivnosti koji se tom prilikom sprovode. TakoĊe, autori su na
vrlo detaljan naĉin prikazali proceduru funkcionalnog ispitivanja rada i integracije ureĊaja u okviru Sistema Daljinskog Upravljanja
(SDU). Autori su u radu detaljno obrazloţenje kojim su se razlozima i kriterijumima vodili prilikom odreĊivanja optimalnog mesta
ugradnje na konketnim sluĉajevima na ciljnom konzumnom podruĉju. Na vrlo detaljan naĉin su prikazani konktetni sluĉajevi
podešenja zaštitnih funkcija na samim ureĊajima, a pre svega u vezi sa naĉinom uzemljenja SNDM mreţe, odnosno neutralne taĉke
napojnih transformatora. Sva podešenja su proverili na osnovu energetskih proraĉuna namenjenih za proraĉun kratkih spojeva u
SNDM mreţi i proveru koordinacije delovanja zaštitinih ureĊaja. Na konkretnim dogaĊajima koji su se desili u okviru SNDM mreţe
koji su imali uticaja na rada ugraĊenih ureĊaja, data je detaljna analiza rada ureĊaja u pogledu selektivnosti realizovanih zaštitnih
funkcija na samim ureĊajima, kao i predlozi za njihovo unapreĊenje.
Pitanja:
1. Da li autori mogu da detaljnije pojasne šta taĉno projektna dokumentacija sadrţi? Ko je izraĊuje, a ko usvaja?
2. Da li se prilikom montaţe inteligentnog linijskog prekidaĉa vodilo raĉuna sa kog je NN izvoda obezbeĊeno napajanje zaštitno-
upravljaĉkog ormana ureĊaja?
3. Da li bi montaţa naponskog transformatora na dovodu inteligentnog linijskog prekidaĉa eliminisao probleme koji se javljaju pri
delovanju brzog ciklusa APU? Dati komentar.
4. U sluĉaju kada tokom radova, vreme izvoĊenje radova veće od autonomije napajanja AKU baterije, na koji naĉin se postiţe
obezbeĊivanje komandnog napona za potrebe manipulacija?
5. Zbog ĉega su se autori opredelili na izuzetno dugo trajanje sporog APU, kada je savremena praksa da se to vreme smanji na
nekoliko desetina sekundi?
6. Da li su podešenja prekostrujne i kratkospojne zaštite mogla da budu bar dva puta manja? Dati komentar.
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R-3.05 USKLAĐIVANJE ZAŠTITE I LOKALNE AUTOMATIKE PAMETNIH MREŢA 20 KV SA RADOM TEHNIKE
ZEMLJOSPOJNOG PREKIDAĈA
Autori: M. RADUNOVIĆ, V. MIJATOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Sombor―
Rad donosi dragocena iskustva iz eksploatacije dela distributivne mreţe u kojem su ugraĊeni reklozeri, RMU-ovi i daljinski upravljivi
rastavljaĉi. Ovo je od velikog znaĉaja imajući u vidu ĉinjenicu da se aktivnosti ugradnje ove opreme u budućnosti zasigurno
intenzivirati što će dodatno povećati sloţenost selektivnog podešavanja svih ureĊaja zaštite u srednjenaponskoj distributivnoj mreţi.
Pitanja:
1. U radu je napomenuto da rastavljaĉi snage registruju kvar. Na koji naĉin? Odnosno, da li su isti opremljeni zaštitnim ureĊajima?
Ako je odgovor, potvrdan, kojom vrstom zaštitinioh ureĊaja su opremljeni i šta u tom sluĉaju još od primarne opreme postoji na
lokaciji ugradnje rastavljaĉa snage?
2. Da li autori smatraju dobrim rešenjem ĉinjenicu da je dispeĉer ostao i dalje bitan element i faktor u procesu restauracije
napajanja kod primne eRMU-ova u kablovskoj mreţi? Da li je ovo uĉešće dispeĉera moguće minimizirati ili u potpunosti
eleiminisati iz ovog segmenta, i ako jeste – kako?
3. Da li autori smatraju da je za ovaj segment distributivne mreţe koji je tretiran u radu, kao i za kljuĉne TS 110/x kV, potrebna i
adekvatna prateća studija selektivnosti sistema zaštite obzirom da se sada kroz instalacije riklozera i RMU-ova dublje u
distributivnoj mreţi ima sloţenija situacija, kada su u pitanju zaštite u ovom segmentu mreţe?
4. Kako autori vide rešenje postojeće, u radu apostrofirano, neusklaĊenosti vremena dogaĊaja koja stiţu iz primarne TS 110/20 kV
i sa pozicije reklozera?
R-3.06 KARAKTERISTIĈAN DOGAĐAJ PRI RADU ZEMLJOSPOJNOG PREKIDAĈA

Autori: D. CVETINOV, Ţ. TANJGA, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Novi Sad―
Rad donosi bitnu informaciju o realnoj neselktivnosti podešenja zaštitno-upravljaĉkog ureĊaja koji kontroliše rad zemljospojnog
prekidaĉa. Rad, takoĊe, sugeriše i korisno rešenje uoĉenog, i precizno definisanog sluĉaja neselektivnosti u radu zemljospojnog
prekidaĉa.
Pitanja:
1. Da li je opisan dogaĊaj bio jedini u predmetnoj TS i koliki je procenat opisanih situacija u odnosu na ukupan registrovani broj
prorada zaštite predmetnog zemljospojnog prekidaĉa?
2. Da li autori smatraju da je za ovaj segment distributivne mreţe koji je tretiran u radu, kao i za kljuĉne TS 110/x kV, potrebna i
adekvatna prateća studija selektivnosti sistema zaštite obzirom da se sada kroz instalacije riklozera i RMU-ova dublje u
distributivnoj mreţi ima sloţenija situacija, kada su u pitanju zaštite u ovom segmentu mreţe?
R-3.07 INTEGRACIJA INDIKATORA PROLASKA KVARA U OKVIRU SISTEMA DALJINSKOG UPRAVLJANJA

(SDU) GRADA BEOGRADA
Autori: D. VUKOTIĆ, G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
U radu je opisan sistem za integraciju indikatora prolaska struje kvara ugraĊenih u nadzemnu SN mreţu u SN SCADA sistem grada
Beograda.
Opisan je komunikacioni podsistem koji je ovo omogućio (indikatori kvara, komunikacioni server, komunikaciona infrastruktura).
Objašnjene su komponente sistema: SMS server, Web server sa lokalnom bazom podataka, kao i dijagnostikom sistema, naĉin
njegovog konfigurisanja i mogućnosti analize podataka prikupljenih sa indikatora (signali, merenja).
Integracijom indikatora u SCADA sistem, efikasnije i brţe se odreĊuje deonica u kvaru, a time se poboljšavaju pokazatelji
pouzdanosti napajanja kupaca elektriĉnom energijom.
Pitanja:
1. Da li je na osnovu podataka iz SCADA i povratne informacije o mestu i vrsti kvara na terenu analizarana taĉnost rada indikatora
i ako jeste, koji su rezultati?
2. Pošto su indikatori u eksploataciji oko 15 godina, da li postoji evidencija o kvarovima/otkazima ovih ureĊaja i koji su
najĉešći/karakteristiĉni kvarovi?
3. Kolika je pouzdanost SMS komunikacije, odnosno da li je bilo sluĉajeva da SMS sa indikatora nije isporuĉen u SN SCADA (npr.
zbog greške/smetnje u mreţi provajdera telekomunikacionih usluga)?
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R-3.08 PRIMENA “TOUCHSCREEN” TEHNOLOGIJE U SISTEMIMA ZA LOKALNI NADZOR I UPRAVLJANJE
ELEKTROENERGETSKIM OBJEKTIMA
Autori: D. VOJNOVIĆ, M. KUZMANOVIĆ, G. JOVANOVIĆ, M. MALETIN, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd,
Novi Sad
N. JEMUOVIĆ, A. CAR, Institut „Mihailo Pupin - Automatika― Beograd
Rad daje interesantno uvoĊenje novih tehnologija u lokalno upravljanje transformatorskim stanicama. U radu je malo opširnije dat
pregled svih vrsta „touchscreen― tehnologija. Pohvalno je što se softver ne razlikuje mnogo od postojećih softverskih rešenja, i što
mogu da se koriste ista baza i grafiĉki prikazi istog proizvoĊaĉa, što pojednostavljuje prelazak na novi sistem.
Pitanja:
1. Hardver podrţava „bluetooth― i „wireless― veze. Da li se one koriste i kako je rešena sigurnost tih veza?
2. U teksu je reĉeno da se eliminiše potreba za posebnim invertorskim napajanjem. Kako je rešeno napajanje ureĊaja, kada ne
podrţava 110V DC napajanje?
3. Kakva je osetljivos ekrana na ―prljave‖ ruke i kakva je procedura za ĉišćenje ekrana?
4. Kakva su iskustva korisnika (administratora i dispeĉera) u korišĉenju novog sistema?
I-3.09 ISKUSTVA U REKONSTRUKCIJI TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA KORIŠĆENJEM TEHNOLOGIJE

OPTIĈKE PROCESNE SABIRNICE
Autori: J. SECO, J. CARDENAS, „GE Digital Energy―, Španija
S. SHOARINEJAD, „Araz Energy―, Azerbejdţan
U radu je dat opis korišćenja „process bus―-a u trafostanicama, kao i iskustva u korišćenju istih. Korišćenjem „Process Interface Unit
- PIU― se dramatiĉno smanjuje koliĉina ţiĉanih provodnika što implicira dosta smanjenja u svim fazama izgradnje ili retrofita
trafostranica. Sa novim sistemom je neophodno izvršiti promene u svim procesima rada od projektovanja do završnog ispitivanja.
Posebno je pregledno data komparacija korišćenja tradicionalnog i novog principa izgradnje TS. U zakljuĉcima su date kljuĉne
prednosti korišćenja opisanog sistema na potencioniranju protokola IEC 61850 koji ovo omogućuje.
Pitanja:
1. U Srbiji je uobiĉajeno da se na nivou polja izvode ţiĉane i softverske blokade, a na nivou TS samo softverske. Kako se to izvodi
u opisanoj TS?
2. Da li je napravljena ekonomska analiza ovog rešenja i rešenja sa IEC 61850 i ţiĉanim vezama do relea?
3. U radu je dato da se ove TS preporuĉuju za gradove, gde je skupo zemljište za TS. Na kom delu TS je ušteda u prostoru, kada
se zna da najveća ušteda je u primarnoj opremi, a ovde nije pomenuto da se i ona menja?
4. U Srbiji je široko primenjena „ring― struktura FO za protokol IEC 61850. Da li je primenjen ovaj princip u predstavljenim TS za
vezu zaštitnih ureĊaja i PIU-a?
R-3.10 RASPODELA STRUJE JEDNOFAZNOG ZEMLJOSPOJA DUŢ SREDNJENAPONSKOG NADZEMNOG

VODA
Autori: N. MUĈALICA, S. LOLIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
U radu se razmatra raspodela struje kvara kroz uzemljivaĉki sistem izvornog postrojenja, kao i kroz zaštitni provodnik dalekovoda u
zavisnosti od udaljenosti mesta kvara od izvornog postrojenja. U prvom delu rada predstavljen je uzemljivaĉki sistem dalekovoda
kroz uprošćenu ekvivalentnu šemu rednih impedansi zaštitnog uţeta i otoĉnih impedansi uzemljenja stubova. Dati su obrazci koji se
odnose na raspodelu struje kroz uzemljivaĉki sistem dalekovoda, prilikom jednofaznog kratkog spoja. U drugom delu rada, prikazani
su rezultati proraĉuna na realnom primeru iz prakse. Analiziran je raspodela struje kvara kroz uzemljivaĉki sistem TS 110/35kV
Sremska Mitrovica 3, prilikom jednofaznog kvara na 35kV dalekovodu prema TS 35/10kV Kuzmin. TakoĊe, analizirana je i raspodela
struje kvara kroz zaštitni provodnik pomenutog 35kV dalekovoda u zavisnosti od mesta kvara. Rezultati proraĉuna pokazuju da je
vrednost struje kroz uzemljivaĉki sistem izvorne trafostanice najveća, kada se jednofazni kratak spoj desi na odreĊenom rastojanju
od izvorne trafostanice, što pretstavlja direktnu posledicu naĉina raspodele struje kroz zaštitni provodnik razmatranog 35kV
dalekovoda.
Pitanja:
1. U prvom delu rada, dat je matematiĉki model proraĉuna raspodele struje kroz uzemljivaĉki sistem homogenog dalekovoda, pri
jednofaznom kratkom spoju. Potrebno je dati kratko objašnjenje i prikazati izraze za izraĉunavaje struje kroz uzemljivaĉki sistem
dalekovoda, pri jednofaznom kvaru, u zavisnosti od mesta kvara.
2. Potrebno je skicirati i prikazati uprošćenu ekvivalentnu šemu razmatranog primera iz prakse (TS 110/35 kV „Sremska Mitrovica
3―, DV 35 kV pravac TS 35/10 kV „Kuzmin―) na kojem je izvršen proraĉun i analizirani rezultati istog.
3. Potrebno je predstaviti izraze za funkcije zavisnosti koje su upotrebljavane za dobijanje krivih na graficima sa Slike 4 i Slike 5
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R-3.11 PRORAĈUN STRUJE KVARA PRI POJAVI NESIMETRIĈNOG OPTEREĆENJA U OKVIRU SNDM GRADA
BEOGRADA
Autori: G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, D. VUKOTIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
U radu je izloţen jedan pribliţan metod za proraĉun struja u nesimetriĉnom trofaznom sistemu. U polaznim jednaĉinama
zanemarene su meĊusobne impedanse vodova, s time da je za redne reaktanse uzeto da predstavljaju zbir sopstvene i trostruke
meĊusobne impedanse, a u radu nije dato pojašnjenje za ovakav pristup. Test primeri ĉiji su rezultati prikazani u radu odnose se na
mreţu sa direktno uzemljenom neutralnom taĉkom koja nije uobiĉajena kod ovog naponskog nivoa, kao i mreţu sa izolovanom
neutralnom taĉkom, pri ĉemu nisu uvaţene otoĉne admitanse koje su u ovom sluĉaju od interesa. Snaga transformatora 35/10 kV
korišćena u primeru, takoĊe nije standardna.
Pitanja:
1. Da li je izvršeno poreĊenje rezultata proraĉuna sa nekim programskim paketom?
2. Zbog ĉega se za impedansu nadzemnog voda koristi zbir sopstvene i trostruke medjusobne impedanse?
3. Koje su prednosti predloţenog proraĉuna u faznom domenu u odnosu na uobiĉajeni proraĉun sa rasprezanjem na direktni,
inverzni i nulti sistem?
Tema 3:
Telekomunikacije i informatiĉka podrška procesima u elektrodistributivnim mreţama
Struĉni izvestilac: mr Miodrag PAŠĆAN, ODS „EPS Distribicija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
R-3.12 MEĐUSOBNA ZAVISNOST UPRAVLJANJA I KOMUNIKACIONE INFRASTRUKTURE U OPERATIVNOM

RADU DC 110/35 kV
Autori: M. JOVANOV, Z. JOVANOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
U radu je obraĊen širi skup povezanih tema i problema sa kojima se susreću svi struĉni izvršioci na poslovima operativnog
dispeĉerskog upravljanja na podruĉju Beograda. Prezentovane ĉinenice u radu će sigurno biti od interesa i koristi struĉnim licima
koja se bave ovim poslovima na drugim podruĉjima u nadleţnosti EPS/ODS.
U radu su jasno locirani problemi i potencijalna rešenja u obezbeĊenju potrebnih telekomunikacionih servisa i sredstava koji su
neophodni za povećanje pouzdanosti i kvaliteta komunikacije na relaciji „dispeĉeri― – „mobilne dispeĉerske ekipe―, kao i za
povećanje pouzdanosti i kvaliteta rada TK podsistema za prenos SDU podataka, što je od velikog znaĉaja za kvalitetan i pouzdan
operativni rad na upravljanju DEES-om.
Pitanja:
1. Pojasniti i dati ocenu o kvalitetu, povezanosti i upotrebljivosti softverskih aplikacija koje su na raspolaganju dispeĉerskim
sluţbama DEES na podruĉju Beograda i da li neka aplikacija nedostaje?
2. Potreban je dati kraći osvrt i komentar na moguću upotrebu DMS softvera.
3. Koji je optimalni scenario za potrebe ponovnog uspostavljanja digitalnog radio-sistema za prenos govora?
R-3.13 TELEKOMUNIKACIONI PODSISTEM U OKVIRU SISTEMA ZA AUTOMATIZACIJU

ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE NA KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU VOJVODINE
Autori: S. DUBAĈKIĆ, A. BOŠKOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
Predloţeni rad uvodi, neposredno, ĉitaoca u kvalitativno-kvantitativni sadrţaj telekomunikacionog podsistema za automatizaciju
elektrodistributivne mreţe na konzumnom podruĉju Vojvodine. Taksativno i detaljno su navedeni tipovi, tj. klase korisnika
obuhvaćeni automatizacijom, a zatim kriterijumi/zahtevi za svaku od klasa, i sledstveno, osobine (primenjenog/ţeljenog)
telekomunikacionog sistema.
Drugi deo rada naglašava veoma osetljivo, samim tim i „klizavo― polje bezbednosti poslovnih podataka. Uoĉavaju se dva paralelna
nivoa zaštite, tj. potreba za istom: od spoljnih uticaja, namerno i/ili nenamerno produkovanih, i od unutrašnjih uticaja, najĉešće
uzrokovanih kvalitetom odrţavanja (problemi razpoloţivosti).
Pitanja:
1. Da li autori mogu da objasne detaljnije mehanizme kojim se postiţe ţeljena zaštita od potencijalnog ugroţavanja bezbednosti
razmene informacija, a naroĉito pri korišćenju APN ili pristupa procesnom nivou sistema za nadzor i upravljanje nad
transformatorskim stanicama VN/SN i SN/NN?
2. Na koji naĉin se postiţe optimalno administriranje ovako jednog sloţenog telekomuniakciong sistema?
3. Da li su prezentovani servisi, koji nisu konaĉni sa stanovišta automatizacije DEES, već obraĊivani u nekim tehniĉkim
dokumentima, npr. Studijama razvoja telekomunikcionog sistema ili sliĉno, a ako nisu da li postoji inicijativa da se tako nešto
uradi?
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R-3.14 PRAĆENJE IZGRADNJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH TRAFOSTANICA PRIMENOM WEB ORIJENTISANOG
SOFTVERA
Autori: V. PUSTAHIJA, R. GRAOVAC, V. JOVANOVIĆ, ―ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL‖ a.d., Beograd, Srbija
U radu je prezentovan web orijentisani softveri paket, koji je pre deset godina samostalno razvio alat kao osnovni alat u pruţanja
konsultatskih usluga u planiranju i praćenju izgradnje trafostanica i linija visokog napona za potrebe elektroprivrednih kompanija u
zemljama Bliskog istoka, odnosno za menadţment ovih aktivnosti za prenosnu mreţu katarske elektroprivrede. Ovaj softver je
zadnjih godina proširen i sa modulima specijano razvijenim za praćenje izgradnje distributivnih transformatorskih stanica i
odgovarajućih kablovskih linija.
Pitanja:
1. U zakljuĉku rada ―autori su mišljena da je moguća primena prezentovanog ili sliĉnih softverskih paketa i za potrebe EPS,
odnosno distributivnih preduzeća uz potrebna prilagoĊenja prema zahtevima Zakona o planiranju i izgradnji, kao i internim
propisima EPS―. Koliko je realno realizovati prezentovano softversko rešenje u okviru elektroprivrednih preduzeća u našoj
zemlji?
2. Na koji su naĉin su „sluĉajevi upotrebe― i poslovne funkcije/podfunkcije definisane standardom SRPS EN 61968, integrisane u
okviru prezentovanog sosftverskog paketa?
3. U kakvom je odnosu eventualna promena organizacione strukture EPS/ODS sa mogućnošću administriranja novih korisnika
prezentovanog softverskog paketa?
R-3.15 ANALIZA GUBITAKA PO DELOVIMA KONZUMA ODS KORIŠĆENJEM GIS TEHNOLOGIJE

Autori: J. STEVIĆ, V. STOJIĈIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
U ovom radu je prikazana integracija mernih podataka dobijenih iz MKO sa podacima drugih informacionih sistema kroz aplikaciju za
praćenje gubitaka. Zbog uvek aktuelne teme procene gubitaka po dubini distributivne mreţe, rad je koristan za širu struĉnu javnost.
Pitanja:
1. Zašto se, za potrebe procene gubitaka, odreĊuju podaci na petnaestominutnom nivou, kontrolišu i aproksimiraju neoĉitane
vrednosti, kada je dovoljno oĉitati meseĉni protok energije kroz TS 10/0,4 kV ili NN izvod zbog poreĊenja sa meseĉnim oĉitanim
brojilima korisnika DEES?
2. Da li se u GIS-u aţuriraju promene granica napajanja na srednjem naponu, i ukoliko ne, koliko to utiĉe na taĉnost procene
gubitaka na SN izvodu ili TS x/10 kV pomoću aplikacije za procenu gubitaka?
3. Da li autori smatraju da bi se, sa vrlo detaljnim podacima o merenju i elektroenergetskim objektima koje pruţaju instalirani merni
ureĊaji, geografski informacioni sistem, IPS SDU i „billing― sistem, mogle proširiti funkcije aplikacije za procenu gubitaka i na
procenu tehniĉkih gubitaka, kako bio se preciznije izdvojili netehniĉki gubici?
4. Zašto se kao vezni kljuĉ izmeĊu IS koristi šifra prikljuĉka? Smatram da bi bilo bolje za tu svrhu koristiti ED broj korisnika
distributivnog sistema.
EC 3 Report
Expert committee 3
MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION
Chairman of Session: Dušan VUKOTIĆ, M.Sc., ODS ―EPS Distribution― plc, Beograde, Serbia
Within the set deadline for submission of papers and based on the reviewers’ and reporters’ considerations, 15 (fifteen) papers were
accepted, out of which 12 (twelve) were accepted as papers, and 3 (three) as Information (I). For the purpose of more efficient work
within the Session, the papers were grouped according to three subjects, covering the Preferential subjects included in the call for
papers:
Subject 1 – Control and telecommunications electricity distribution grids
The expert rapporteur is Dalibor NIKOLIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribution―, plc, Belgrade.
In this subject 1 (one) paper and 2 (two) pieces of information were accepted in accordance with the Preferential subjects included in
the call for papers:
1. Implementation of energy applications in electricity distribution companies.
2. Automation in electricity distribution grid.
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3. Electricity distribution grid control in market environment.
4. Voltage control in MV and LV grids.
Subject 2 – Protection in electricity distribution grids
The expert raporteur is Zoran RISTANOVIĆ, M.Sc.,―Siemens― plc, Beograde.
In this subject were accepted 7 (seven) papers and 1 (one) information in accordance with the Preferential subjects included in the
call for papers:
1. Strategies in replacement of SCADA system, reconstruction of relay protection and introduction of the supervisory control
system in substations.
2. Aspects of protection reliability based on the IEC 61850 standard.
3. Impact of distributed production on traditional protection and control systems Uticaj distribuirane proizvodnje na tradicionalne
sisteme zaštite i upravljanja.
4. Analysis of fault phenomenon and registered records on faults. Analiza pojave kvarova i registrovanih zapisa o kvarovima.
Subject 3 – Telecommunications and IT support in electricity distribution grids
The expert raporteur is Miodrag PAŠĆAN, M.Sc., ODS ―EPS Distribution―, plc, Belgrade, Novi Sad.
In this subject 4 (four) papers were accepted in accordance with the Preferential subjects included in the call for papers:
1. Safety aspects of information access and share. Sigurnosni aspekti pristupa informacijama i njihova razmena.
2. Communication system implementation for protection and control purposes.
3. Communication techniques and protocols for ―Smart Grids― and Smart Metering‖.
4. Interdependence in electricity distribution and communication infrastructure control
5. Application for required information, data and documentation management.
When writing reports, the expert raporteurs were led by observations, comments and questions asked by reviewers, on which we
would like to express our gratitude.
PRESENTERS’ REPORT
Subject 1:
Control in electricity distribution grids
Expert raporteur: Dalibor NIKOLIĆ, ODS ―EPS Distribution―, plc, Belgrade, Serbia
R-3.01 OPTIMAL STRATEGY FOR HIGHER RELIABILITY IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Authors: Ţ. POPOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Subotica―
S. KNEŢEVIĆ, B. BRBAKLIĆ, „Schneider Electric DMS― d.o.o. Novi Sad, Srbija
The paper proposes an approach based on mixed whole number linear programming, for establishing an optimal strategy for
improved reliability in distribution grids.The proposed approach simultaneously considers replacement of existing grid elements by
new more reliable elements, relocation of existing automatic devices ureĊaja i ugradnju and incorporation of new automatic devices
for the purpose of obtaining a strategy for improved reliability which guarantees minimum total lower costs of reliability.
1. The paper states that heuristic and metaheuristic approaches do not guarantee that a global optimum will be obtained. Is that
guaranteed by implementation of the approach based on mixed whole number linear programming algorithm?
2. How much do indicators of customer supply reliability differ when achieved by means of different automation scenarios
proposed in the given paper?
3. Would the successive optimization procedure, where optimization would be done by all listed activities, give results comparable
with optimal solutions of systems with and without normally opened devices? How significant are the deviations and to what
extent do they favourize considerably more complex estimates?
I-3.02 RELIABILITY IMPACT OF POWER DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION IN THE CONSUPTION AREA OF

VOJVODINA
Authors: A. BOŠKOVIĆ, B. RADMILOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
The paper analyzes electricity distribution reliablity in the region of Vojvodina, before and after investment in medium-voltage grid
automation. It gives an overview of investments in the 4 recent years. The following indicators were monitored: SAIFI, SAIDI and
ENS, and a significant improvement thereof was noted after the investments.
The paper gives an overview of the supervisory control systems. Plans are also presented concerning further improvements.
Takodje, u radu su predloţeni i planovi za dalja unapreĊenja.
1. What are the target values of indicators which should be achieved in the forthcoming period?
2. Are there any considerations in terms of applying the IEEE 1366 standard, and how much are the procedures for indicator
assessment in compliance with this standard?
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3. Have the authors made an analysis of the causes and duration of outages by certain types of issues? What would be the most
frequent cause thereof and what could be the measures for alleviating the consequence of such outages?
I-3.03 RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE DEFINITION OF EQUIPMENT FOR REMOTE CONTROL MV NETWORK

Authors: V. MIJATOVIĆ, M. RADUNOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Sombor―
The paper deals with the author’s recommendations based on experience of ten years of work in the field of electricity distribution
automation on the territory covering the―Sombor― subsidiary. The authors’ recommendations presented in the paper partly differ
when compared to the solutions applied in other subsidiaries within ODS, so the former heterogenous experience from practice
possessed by the subsidiaries requires to be accumulated and entered into a single technical code concerning automation within the
entire ODS, and the accordingly set up work teams are already underway with their work. For that reason, there is a somewhat
longer list of questions directed to the authors in order to explain as much as possible some recommendations presented in the
paper.
1. Can the authors specifically clarify what issues they came across in the solutions where they used the equipment manufactured
by different manufacturers, taking into account that the manufacturers had to a great extent applied the technical criteria
regarding the equipment by completely complying with the issued standards?
2. Can the authors give the reason for selecting the 24 V JSS voltage, taking into account that only the proposed command
voltage for automation equipment in the whole ODS region is used in their Subsidiary? The authors should also give a brief
review of the battery appearance, as the automation equipment uses only batteries in one casing, not in several casings, as
stated by the authors in the paper.
3. Can the authors give a detailed review of the selected telecommunication equipment feeding, as well as a detailed review of the
impact of telecommunication equipment on system operation, in order to achieve impeccable feeding of automation equipment?
4. Are there any additional reasons for selecting the 230 V auxiliary automation equipment feeding?
5. How does the operational state of battery affect reliable functioning of automation equipment, taking into account that the
suggestion was to erect the transformer for equipment feeding behind the overhead switching element? Can the authors give a
brief technical description of the sectionanalyzer incorporated in their consumption region?
6. When erecting the faulty current indicator, to what extent was the manufacurer’s manual for erection of the referent equipment
respected ?
7. Bearing in mind that uniform specifications for automation equipment are defined at the ODS level, how much are the authors
familiar with them and how much do they differ from the proposals given in the referent paper?
8. Is it only necessary to switch-off the local equipment automation along the line where works are being done, or are any other
measures required?
9. Why was the same way of automatic reclosing chosen to be applied on the connection and recloser incorporated inside the
grid?
Subject 2:
Protection in electricity distribution grids
Expert raporteur: Zoran RISTANOVIĆ, M.Sc., ―Siemens―, plc, Belgrade
R-3.04 THE AUTOMATIZATION OF SN NETWORK TROUGH INSTALLATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

(RECLOSER) - REALIZATION AND PROTECTION FUNCTIONALITY
Authors: S. MANDIĆ, S. MILIVOJEV, M. POROBIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Novi Sad―
The paper demonstrates the practice in incorporating smart linear switches – reclosers, on the territory within the jurisdiction of the
―Novi Sad― subsidiary, where the authors give a very detailed overview of all activities carried out at that time. The authors have also
present in many details the procedure of functional testing of device operation and integration within the Remote Control System
(RCS). The authors explain in detail what were the reasoins and criteria which guided them in determining the optimal points for
incorporation in speciific cases in the target consumption region. The authors demonstrate in great detail the specific cases of
protective function adjustments on the actual devices, and first of all in respect of the MVDG earthing, and neutral point of supply
transformers. All adjustments were checked based on energy assessments intended for the assessment of short circuits in the MV
Distribution Grid (MVDG) and verification of the coordinated effect of protective devices. Based on the specific events that occurred
within the MVDG and which had an impact on the functioning of the incorporated devices, a detailed analysis was given concerning
the functioning of devices in terms of selectivity of implemented protective functions in the actual devices, giving suggestions for
their improvement.
1. Can the authors clarify in more detail what the design documents exactly consists of? Who prepares it, and who puts it into
effect?
2. When erecting the recloser, was it taken into account from which LV connection the supply of protective-control device cubicle
was provided?
3. Would the assembly of voltage transformer in the recloser connection eliminate the issues occurring in a fast automatic
reclosing cycle? Please give comments.
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4. In the case when during the works the time of the execution of works exceeds the autonomy of accumulation battery charging,
in what way is the command voltage provided for the purpose of manipulation?
5. Why did the authors select the extremely long duration of slow automatic reclosing, when according to the state of the art
practice that time is reduced to several tens of seconds?
6. Could the adjustments of excessive current and short-circuit protection have been at least two times smaller? Please give
comments.
R-3.05 ALIGNMENT OF PROTECTION AND LOCAL AUTOMATIC SMART GRID 20 kV WITH THE WORK
TECHNIQUES OF EARTHING SWITCHES
Authors: M. RADUNOVIĆ, V. MIJATOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Sombor―
The paper deals with valuable experience in the part of distribution grid operation where the reclosers, RMUs and remote control
isolators were installed.This is of great importance, bearing in mind the fact that the activities concerning the installation of this
equipment will surely be intensified in the future, which will additionally increase the complexity of selective adjustment of all
protective devices in the medium-voltage distribution grid.
1. It is mentioned in the paper that power isolators register faults. In what way? And are they equipped with protective devices? If
the answer is positive, which type of protective devices are they equipped with and, in that case, what other primary equipment
exists on the site where power isolators were installed?
2. Do the authors consider it a good solution to let the dispatcher remain to be an essential element and factor in the process of
restored supply in the implementation of RMUs in the cable grid? Is it possible to minimize in, or completely eliminate from this
segment such participation of dispatchers, and if it is – how?
3. Do the authors believe that for this distribution grid segment considered in the paper, as well as for the key TS 110/x kV
substations an adequate follow-up study of the selective protective system is also required, bearing in mind that the installation
of reclosers and RMUs deeper in the distribution grid has now created a more complex situation in terms of protection in this
grid segment?
4. What kind of solutions do the authors see in terms of the existing lack of coordination, mentioned in the paper, in the time of
events resulting from the primary TS 110/20 kV and in terms of the position of reclosers?
R-3.06 SPECIFIC EVENT IN CASE OF SHUNT OPERATION

Authors: D. CVETINOV, Ţ. TANJGA, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Ogranak „Novi Sad―
The paper includes important information on the real unselectivity of adjustment in the protective-control device regulating the
functioning of the earthing switch. The paper also suggests a useful solution in the detected and precisely defined case of
unselectivity in respect of the functioning of the earthing switch.
1. Was the described event the only one in the referent substation and what is the percentage of described situations in relation to
the total registered number of implemented protection of the referent earthing switch?
2. Do the authors believe that for this distribution grid segment described in the paper, as well as for the key 110/x kV substations
an adequate follow-up study of the selective protective system is also required, bearing in mind that the installation of reclosers
and RMUs deeper in the distribution grid has now created a more complex situation in terms of protection in this grid segment?
R-3.07 INTEGRATION OF FAUL PASSEGE INDECATORS (FPIS) WITHIN SCADA SYSTEM OF DCC
"BELGRADE"
Authors: D. VUKOTIĆ, G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
The paper describes the system for integration of the current fault indicator installed in the overhead MV grid of the MV SCADA
system of the city of Belgrade.
It describes the communication subsystem providing this (fault indicators, communication server, communication infrastructure). It
explains the system components: SMS server, Web server with the local database, as well as the system diagnostics, the means for
its configuration and and possibilities for analysis of data acquired from the indicator (signals, measuring).
By integration of indicators in the SCADA system, faulty sections are more efficiently and more rapidly defined, and thereby the
indicators as to the reliability of power supply to customers are improved.
1. Was the accuracy of indicator functioning analyzed on the basis of SCADA data and feedback information concerning the place
of fault on the field and if so, what were the results?
2. As the indicators have been applied for around 15 years, are there any records on the faults/breakdowns of these devices and
what are the most frequent/characteristic faults?
3. What is the reliability of SMS communication, and have there been any cases of undelivered SMS from the indicator to MV
SCADA (e.g. due to error/disturbance in the telecommuniucation service provider grid)?
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R-3.08 USAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN TEHNOLOGY IN SYSTEMS FOR LOCAL MONITORING AND CONTROL OF
POWER STATION
Authors: D. VOJNOVIĆ, M. KUZMANOVIĆ, G. JOVANOVIĆ, M. MALETIN, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd,
Novi Sad
N. JEMUOVIĆ, A. CAR, Institut „Mihailo Pupin - Automatika― Beograd
The paper demonstrates an interesting introduction of new technologies into local management of substations. The paper gives a
somewhat extensive overview of all types of ―touchscreen― technologies. The fact that the software does not differ much from the
existing software solutions and that the same base and graphic reviews of the same manufacturer are used needs to be praised, as
it simplifies the transition to the new system.
1. The Hardware supports ―bluetooth― and ―wireless― connections. Are they used and how has the security of those connections
been solved?
2. It is said in the text that the need for special inverter feeding is eliminated. How has device feeding been solved, when it does
not support 110V DC feeding?
3. What is the screen sensitivity to ―dirty‖ hands and what is the screen cleaning procedure?
4. What is the experience of the users (administrator and dispatcher) in applying the new system?
I-3.09 SUBSTATION RETROFIT EXPERIENCES USING PROCESS BUS (HARD FIBER) TECHNOLOGY
Authors: J. SECO, J. CARDENAS, „GE Digital Energy―, Spain
S. SHOARINEJAD, „Araz Energy―, Azerbaijan
The paper describes the implementation of the ―process bus― in substations, and experience in the implementation thereof. Using
the ―Process Interface Unit - PIU― dramatically reduces the amount of wire conductors, which implies quite a number of reductions at
all stages of construction or substation retrofit. Changes need to be done by means of the new system in all work processes, starting
from designing to final testing. A very transparent comparison was made concerning the data using traditional and new principles of
construction of substations. The conclusions give the key advantages of using the described system to force IEC 61850 protocol that
allows this.
1. In Serbia, it is common to perform at the level of field wire and software blocking conditons, and at the level of substation only
software realisation. How this is done in the described substation?
2. Was an economic analysis made concerning f the solutions and solutions with IEC 61850 and wired connections to IED?
3. The paper demonstrates that these substations are recommended for cities, where the land for substations is expensive. On
which part of substation were savings in space achieved, when it is known that the greatest savings are achieved in primary
equipment, but it is not mentioned here that this also changes?
4. In Serbia, the "ring" FO structure for protocol IEC 61850 is widely applied. Is this principle applied in the present substation for
connection of protective devices and PIU?
R-3.10 DETERMINATION OF SINGLE PHASE TO GROUND FAULT CURRENT DISTRIBUTION ALONG

OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE
Authors: N. MUĈALICA, S. LOLIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
The paper describes distribution of faulty current through the earthing system of the source facility, as well as through the long-
distance line protection conductor, depending on the distance of place of fault from the source facility. The first part of the paper
describes the long-distance line earthing system by means of a simplified equivalent diagram of rated impedances of protective wire
and insular impedances of earthing pillars. Patterns are given in terms of distribution of current through the long-distance line
earthing system, during a single-phase short circuit. The second part of paper describes the results of estimates based on a real
case from practice. Analysis is made in terms of faulty current distribution through the earthing system of 110/35kV substation
Sremska Mitrovica 3, during a single-phase breakdown in the 35kV long-distance line 35/10kV substation Kuzmin. It also gives an
analysis of faulty current distribution through the protective conductor of the aforesaid 35kV long-distance line depending on the
place of fault. The results of estimates show that the value of the current through the earthing system of the source substation is
largest when a single-phase short circuit occurs at a certain distance from the source substation, which is the direct consequence of
how the current was distributed through the protective conductor of the considered 35kV long-distance line.
1. The first part of the paper gives a mathematical model of current distribution through the earthing system of a homogenous
long-distance line, during a single-phase short circuit. A brief explanation is required presenting expressions for calculating the
current through the long-distance line earthing system, during single-phase breakdown, depending on the place of fault.
2. A simplified equivalent diagram and presentation should be given, showing the estimates results analyses of the considered
example from practice (110/35 kV substation ―Sremska Mitrovica 3―, 35 kV long-distance line directed towards 35/10 kV
substation ―Kuzmin―).
3. Expressions for functions of dependence used in achieving curves on graphs in Fig.4 and Fig.5 should be presented.
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R-3.11 FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AN ASYMMETRICAL LOAD WITHIN THE
MVDN OFF CITY OF BELGRADE
Authors: G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, D. VUKOTIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
The paper describes an approximate method for calculating currents in an asymmetrical three-phase system. In the initial equations,
mutual line impedances are neglected, whereas in terms of the rated reactance it stands that they represent the sum of own and
tripple mutual impedance, giving no explanation for such approach in the paper. Test examples whose results were presented in the
paper refer to the grid with directly earthed neutral point, which is not common in such voltage level, and also to the grid with
insulated neutral point, thereby not taking into account the insular admittances which are of importance in this case. The capacity of
35/10 kV transformer applied in the example, is also not a standard one.
1. Was the results of estimates compared with any programme package?
2. Why is the sum of own and tripple mutual impedance used for the overhead line impedance?
3. Whatb are the advantages of proposed estimate in the phase domain, compared to the common estimate with direct, inversive
and zero system spreading?
Subject 3:
Telecommunications and IT support in electricity distribution grids
Expert raporteur: mr Miodrag PAŠĆAN, ODS „EPS Distribicija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
R-3.12 MUTUAL INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN OPERATIONAL WORK AND COMMUNICATION

INFRASTRUCTURE IN DC 110 / 35kV
Authors: M. JOVANOV, Z. JOVANOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
The paper deals with a wider set of connected subjects and issues which all experts have to face when doing jobs concerning
operational dispatch control on the territory of Belgrade. The facts presented in the paper will surely be of interest and use to experts
performing these jobs in other regions within the EPS/ODS jurisdiction.
The paper clearly locates the issues and gives solutions in providing required telecommunication services and resources in order to
ensure better reliability and higher quality communication between the dispatcher and the mobile dispatcher team, as well as to
ensure better reliability and higher quality operation of the data transmission telecommunication subsystem, which is of great
importance for high quality and reliable operation and control of the electricity distribution grid.
1. Please explain and assess the quality, links and benefits of software applications available in dispatch units within the electricity
distribution on the territory of Belgrade and is there any missing application?
2. Brief insight and comments are required in terms of possible implementation of DMS software.
3. What is the optimal scenario for the purpose of digital speech transmission radio system recovery?
R-3.13 TELECOMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM WITHIN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AUTOMATIZATION

SYSTEM IN THE CONSUMPTION AREA OF VOJVODINA
Authors: S. DUBAĈKIĆ, A. BOŠKOVIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Novi Sad
The proposed paper directly involves the reader with the quality-quantity content of the telecommunication subsystem for electricity
distribution grid automation in the consumption region of Vojvodina. It specifically gives the types and classes of users involved in
automation, and also gives criteria/requirements for each class and consequently, the features (applied/desired) of the
telecommunication system.
The second part of paper emphasizes the very sensitive, and therefore ―slippery― ground in terms of business data security. Two
parallel levels of protection are noted, that is, the need for the same: concerning the external impacts, intentionally and/or
unintentionally produced, and concerning the internal impacts, generally caused by the quality of maintenance (availability issues).
1. Can the authors explain in more detail the mechanisms for achieving the required protection against potential compromisation
of data exchange security, and particularly using the approach concerning automation or process level approach concerning the
supervisory control system in HV/MV and MV/LV substations?
2. In what way is optimal administration of such a complex telecommunication system achieved?
3. Have the presented services, which are not finite from the standpoint of electricity distribution automation, already been
processed in some documents, e.g. Surveys of telecommunication system development and similar, and if not, has there been
any initiative to do something like that?
R-3.14 CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS BY WEB ORIENTED SOFTWARE

Authors: V. PUSTAHIJA, R. GRAOVAC, V. JOVANOVIĆ, ―ENERGOPROJEKT ENTEL‖ a.d., Beograd, Srbija
The paper presents a web-oriented software package, which had autonomously developed ten years ago a tool as the basic tool in
providing consulting services in scheduling and monitoring the construction of substations and high-voltage lines for the needs of
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power companies in countries of the Middle East, and for management of these activities for the transmission grid of cadastral
power industry. This software has been expanded in the recent years with specially developed modules for monitoring the
construction of distribution substations and corresponding cable lines.
1) In the conclusion of the paper saying that ―the authors believe that implementation of the presented or similar software package
is possible also for the needs of EPS, and distribution companies, with required adjustments in accordance with the
requirements of the Planning and construction Law, as well as the internal requirements of EPS―. How much is it the presented
software solution realistic within the power companies in our country?
2) In what way are the ―cases of application― and business functions/subfunctions, defined by SRPS EN 61968 standard,
integrated into the presented software package?
3) What is relation between the possible changes in the organizational structure of EPS/ODS and the possibilities of administration
of new users of the presented software package?
R-3.15 ANALYSIS OF LOSSES WITHIN DSO CONSUMPTION AREAS BY USING GIS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: J. STEVIĆ, V. STOJIĈIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd
The paper presents an integration of measured data obtained from measured consumption with the data of other information
systems through application for monitoring of losses. Because of the always current topic related to in-depth estimation of losses
within the distribution grid, the paper is beneficial for a wider group of experts.
1. Why, for the purpose of making loss estimates, is data set on a fifteen-minute level, why are the unmeasured values controlled
and approximated, when it is sufficient to measure the monthly flow of energy through 10/0.4 kV substations or LV connection
for the sake of comparison with monthly read metres of the electricity distribution consumers?
2. Are limit changes in medium-voltage supply updated in terms of GIS, and if not, what is the impact on the accuracy of losses in
the MV connection or x/10 kV substation by means of the loss estimate application?
3. Do the authors believe that with very detailed data on measuring in power facilities provided by installed measuring devices, the
geographic information system, IPS SDU and ―billing― system could expand the functions of the loss estimate application to a
technical losses estimate, in order to separate more precisely the non-technical losses?
4. Why is connection code used as the connecting key between IS? I believe that it would be better to use for that purpose ED
number of the electricity distribution consumer.

R-3.01
OPTIMALNA STRATEGIJA ZA UNAPREĐENJE POUZDANOSTI U DISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA
Ţeljko POPOVIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, EPS Distribucija, Srbija
S. KNEŢEVIĆ, B. BRBAKLIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Srbija
U ovome radu je prikazan pristup, baziran na mešovitom celobrojnom linearnom programiranju, za odreĊivanje optimalne strategije
za unapreĊenje pouzdanosti u distributivnim mreţama. Predloţenim pristupom se odreĊuje optimalan broj, tip i mesto ugradnje
daljinski kontrolisanih i nadgledanih ureĊaja koje treba ugraditi u mreţu razmatrajući razliĉite tipove ureĊaja istovremeno (daljinski
kontrolisane prekidaĉe/reklozere, daljinski kontrolisane sklopka rastavljaĉe (sekcionalizere), daljinski nadgledane indikatore prolaska
struje kvara). Istovremeno, pristup (model) definiše optimalnu relokaciju (promenu lokacije) postojećih ureĊaja za automatizaciju kao
i optimalan broj, tip i lokaciju postojećih elementa u mreţi (npr. deonica kabla/nadzemnog voda) koje treba zameniti sa novim
elementima koji imaju niţe intenzitete otkaza. Rezultati testiranja pokazuju efektivnost predloţenog pristupa i znaĉaj istovremenog
razamatranja pojedinaĉnih strategija u odreĊivanju najbolje staretgije za unapreĊenje pouzdanosti u distributivnim mreţama.
Kljuĉne reĉi: distributivna mreţa, pouzdanost, automatizacija, zamena, relokacija, mešovito celobrojno linerno programiranje.
OPTIMAL STRATEGY FOR HIGHER RELIABILITY IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
This paper presents the mixed integer linear programming based approach for determining the optimal reliability improvement
strategy in distribution networks. The proposed approach defines the optimal number, type and location of remotely controlled and
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supervised automation devices to be installed in the network by considering different types of devices simultaneously (remotely
controlled circuit breakers/reclosers, sectionalizing switches, remotely supervised fault passage indicators). Simultaneously, it
defines the optimal relocation of the existing automation devices as well as the optimal number, type and location of the network
elements (e.g., line/cable segments) to be replaced by the new elements with lower failure rates. The presented numerical results
indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the importance of simultaneous consideration of individual strategies in
determining the optimal reliability improvement strategy in distribution networks
Key words: distribution network, reliability, automation, replacement, relocation, mixed integer linear programming.
I-3.02
UTICAJ AUTOMATIZACIJE ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE NA POVEĆANJE NJENE POUZDANOSTI

NA KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU VOJVODINE
A. BOŠKOVIĆ, B. RADMILOVIĆ
ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Srbija
U poslednjih nekoliko godina, znaĉajno angaţovanje distributivne kompanije dovelo je do poboljšanje pouzdanosti
elektrodistributivne mreţe, naroĉito u oblasti neplaniranih kvarova. Najĉešće korišćeni pokazatelji pouzdanosti elektrodistributivne
mreţe su indeksi proseĉne uĉestanosti i trajanja prekida napajanja u sistemu, pri ĉemu se izraţavaju sa razliĉitim nivoima
detaljnosti. Podaci o prekidima sadrţe potrebne informacije za izraĉunavanje ovih indeksa pouzdanosti, meĊutim ponekad nedostaju
parametri potrebni za detaljniju analizu uzroka kvarova.
Elektrodistributivna mreţe na konzumnom podruĉju Vojvodine je mreţa ravniĉarskog tipa, sa znaĉajnim prisustvom industrije. Ima
visok udeo 20 kV vodova i velik broj potrošaĉa po izvodu. U ovakvom okruţenju, automatizacija elektrodistributivne mreţe ima
znaĉajan uticaj na pouzdanost mreţe.
Tokom poslednje ĉetiri godine, na konzumnom podruĉju Vojvodine je znaĉajno unapreĊena pouzdanost elektrodistributivne mreţe.
Intenzivno se ulagalo u automatizaciju srednjenaponske distributivne mreţe, tako da je automatizovano 88 distributivnih
transformatorskih stanica, instalisano 39 reklozera, 42 sekcionera i 28 indikatora kvara.
U narednih pet godina, planovima je predviĊen nastavak aktivnosti na automatizaciji elektrodistributivne mreţe, kako bi se indeksi
pouzdanosti spustili ispod propisanih granica.
Kljuĉne reĉi: elektrodistributivna mreţa, automatizacija mreţe, faktori pouzdanosti.
RELIABILITY IMPACT OF POWER DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION

IN THE CONSUPTION AREA OF VOJVODINA
In recent years, significant efforts of distribution company has led to the improvement of the reliability of the power distribution
network, particularly in the area of unplanned failures. The most commonly used reliability indices of power distribution network are
system average interruption frequency and duration indices, expressed with different levels of detail. Interruption data contain the
necessary information to calculate these reliability indices, but sometimes parameters needed for a more detailed analysis of failure
causes of failures are missing.
Power distribution network in the consumer area of Vojvodina is a plain type network, with a significant presence of industry. It has a
high share of 20 kV power lines and high number of customers per feeder. In such setting, network automation has bigger impact on
network reliability. In this environment, power distribution network automation has a significant impact on the network reliability.
During the last four years, power distribution network reliability has significantly improved in the consumption area of Vojvodina.
Distribution company significantly invested in middle voltage power distribution network automation, so that 88 power substations are
automated and 39 reclosers, 42 sectionalizers and 28 fault indicators are installed.
In the next five years, according to foreseen plans, network automation will be continued to decrease reliability indicators below the
prescribed limits.
Key words: power distribution network, network automation, reliability indicators.
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I-3.03
PREPORUKE PRI DEFINISANJU OPREME ZA DALJINSKO UPRAVLJANJE SN DISTRIBUTIVNOM MREŢOM
Vidoje MIJATOVIĆ, M. RADUNOVIĆ

ODS „EPS Distribucija doo ―, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sombor, Srbija
Na podruĉju Elektrodistribucije Sombor se u ovom trenutku nalazi 42 srednjenaponska objekta koji su daljinski upravljiva. U te
objekte ubrajamo: distributivne trafo-stanice 20/0,4kV i razvodna postrojenja 20kV sa RMU-ovima, prekidaĉe na stubovima sa
ponovnim ukljuĉenjem (reklozere) i rastavljaĉe snage na stubovima (sekcionere). U Elektrodistribuciji Sombor je poĉelo uvoĊenje
daljinskog upravljanja srednjim naponom (DU SN) 2006. godine, pilot projektom DU SN mreţom, koji je tada ostvaren kod nas i u
Elektrodistribuciji Novi Sad. Od tada pa do danas implementirana su još dva projekta proširenja DU SN mreţom. U meĊuvremenu
izmeĊu dva projekta, ED Sombor sama nabavlja postrojenja koja su motorizovana i montira ih na pozicije koje kasnije u projektima
proširenja oprema i uvlaĉi u sistem daljinskog upravljanja. Pošto su struĉni timovi ED Sombor aktivno uĉestvovali u izradi projektnih
zadataka za sve projekte DU SN i pošto imamo desetogodišnje iskustvo u eksploataciji DU SN mreţa u ovom radu ţelimo da damo
naša opredeljenja što se tiĉe izbora opreme, kako energetske tako i prateće. Poseban naglasak je dat na izbor napona napajanja
uredjaja (komandnog napona i napona motornog pogona), napona besprekidnog napajanja, izbor indikatora prolaska kvara za
nadzemnu mreţu, logiku po kojoj se lokalne automatike podešavaju, izbor naponskih mernih transformatora za merenje napona i
napajanje pomoćnim naponom itd . Naša opredeljenja su izvedena sa stanovišta pouzdanosti, jednostavnosti, ekonomiĉnosti,
fleksibilnosti, optimalnog odrţavanja i ekonomiĉnosti.
Kljuĉne reĉi: daljinsko upravljanje SN mreţom, lokalna automatika, reklozer, sekcioner, RMU.
RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE DEFINITION OF EQUIPMENT FOR REMOTE CONTROL MV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
In the area of Elektrodistribucija Sombor exists, at the moment, 42 medium voltage facilities that are remotely controlled. These
facilities include: the distribution transformer station 20/0.4kV and 20kV distribution facilities with RMU's, switches on the pillars with
reclosing function (reclosers) and disconnectors on the pillars. The Elektrodistribucija Sombor started with implementation of remote
controlled medium voltage network in 2006, with the Pilot Project RC MV network, which is then realized in our territory and
Elektrodistribution Novi Sad. Since then, it has performed two more project of expansion RC MV network. In the meantime, between
the two projects, ED Sombor by own means continues to purchase RMU’s, which are motorized and mounting them into positions, to
be later, in expansion projects, equipped and drawn into system of remote control. As the expert teams ED Sombor actively
participated in the development of terms of reference for all projects RC MV, and because we have ten years of experience in the
exploitation of RC MV network, in this paper we want to give our commitment concerning the choice of equipment, in terms of
switchgear and supporting elements. Special emphasis is given to the selection of the supply voltage of the device (control unit and
motor drive unit), uninterruptible power supply, the selection of fault locator for overhead lines, the logic by which the local
automatics set, selection of voltage measuring transformers to measure voltage and auxiliary voltage supply etc. Our choices were
made from the standpoint of reliability, simplicity, low cost, flexibility, optimal maintenance and economy.
Keywords: remote controlled MV network, local automatics, recloser, disconnector, RMU.
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R-3.04
AUTOMATIZACIJA SN MREŢE KROZ UGRADNJU PREKIDAĈA (REKLOZERA) - REALIZACIJA I

FUNKCIONALNOST ZAŠTITE
S. MANDIĆ, S. MILIVOJEV, M. POROBIĆ

EPS distribucija doo Beograd, Ogranak Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Srbija
SN izvodi velike duţine nadzemnih deonica sa nepristupaĉnom trasom su kandidati za ugradnju prekidaĉa na mreţi – reklozera.
Osnovna prednost je mogućnost daljinskog upravljanja – komandovanja prekidaĉem i akvizicija svih potrebnih podataka za praćenje
kvaliteta elektriĉne energije. U sluĉaju kvara, reklozeri kroz zaštitne funkcije i automatiku imaju mogućnost iskljuĉenja struje kvara na
mreţi, ĉime manji broj potrošaĉa ostaje bez napajanja. Samim tim, i lokalizacija mesta kvara se ubrzava, što doprinosi skraćenju
vremena otklanjanja kvara i podizanju vrednosti nivoa pokazatelja pouzdanosti u isporuci elektriĉne energije na viši nivo.
U okviru automatizacije SN mreţe u ED Novi Sad obuhvaćen je veći broj elektroenergetskih objekata tipa TS SN/NN, linijski
rastavljaĉi snage, lokatori kvara i reklozera. Trenutno su u SN distributivnoj mreţi ED Novi Sad ugraĊena su ĉetiri reklozera i koriste
se upravljanju. Tri ugraĊena reklozera u pogonu Beĉej su u radu ali nisu u primeni daljinskog upravljanja, jer nisu prošli SCADA
funkcionalno testiranje. Ugradnja još tri reklozera u Pogonu Ţabalj i tri u Pogonu Baĉka Palanka su u planu. Završetak radova na
ugradnji i puštanje ovih reklozera u probni rad je planirano do kraja tekuće godine.
U radu je dat kratak prikaz realizacije - ugradnje reklozera na teritoriji ED Novi Sad, sa akcentom na izbor mesta ugradnje i
podešenju parametara zaštite. U nastavku su prikazani dogaĊaji vezani za zaštitnu funkciju reklozera -analiza dogaĊaja i podešenje
parametara zaštite u cilju efikasnije detekcije kvarova.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Reklozer, zaštita, automatizacija SN mreţe.
THE AUTOMATIZATION OF SN NETWORK TROUGH INSTALLATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER (RECLOSER) - REALIZATION

AND PROTECTION FUNCTIONALITY
MV feeders, long lengths of overhead sections with unavailable route are candidates for circuit breaker installation on the network -
reclosers. The main advantage is the possibility of remote controling – switch commanding and acquisition of all necessary data for
monitoring power quality. In case of failure, the protective functions of reclosers and control have the possibility of eliminating the
fault currents on the network, allowing a small number of customers remain without power. Consequently, fault localization
accelerates which contributes the time shortening to eliminate failure and increasing at a higher level value of the reliability indicators
in the delivery of electricity.
Within the automatization of the MV network in ED Novi Sad the large number of power facilities type MV/LV power line
disconnectors, reclosers and fault locators are included. Currently, in the MV distribution network ED Novi Sad four reclosers are
embeded and using in control. Three reclosers are embeded in section Beĉej are in operation work, but are not in remote control
use, because they are not pass SCADA funcional testing. Embed three reclosers in section Ţabalj and three in section Baĉka
Palanka is planned. Completion of working on installation and commissioning of these reclosers in trial operation is planned by the
end of the current year.
This article gives a brief overview of realization - installing reclosers on the territory of ED Novi Sad, with emphasis on the choice of
the place of installation and the setting of parameters of protection. Below are shown the events related to the protective function of
reclosers - analysis of events and parameters protection setting for more efficient failure detection.
Keywords: Reclosers, protection, automatization SN network.
110
R-3.05
USKLAĐIVANJE ZAŠTITE I LOKALNE AUTOMATIKE PAMETNIH MREŢA 20kV SA

RADOM TEHNIKE ZEMLJOSPOJNOG PREKIDAĈA
M. RADUNOVIĆ, V. MIJATOVIĆ
ODS „EPS Distribucija doo―, Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sombor,
U zadnjih deset godina uloţena su velika sredstva u razvoj daljinskog upravljanja, lokalne automatike i nadzora postrojenja i
rasklopnih ureĊaja u srednjenaponskoj mreţi. Elektrodistribucija Sombor je odavno prešla na transformaciju 110/20kV na
kompletnom konzumu. U 20kVmreţi za sada imamo preko 35 upravljivih taĉaka: razvodnih postrojenja, trafo stanica 20/0,4kV,
reklozera i rastavljaĉa na stubovima. Reklozeri i neka razvodna postrojenja opremljeni su prekidaĉima i zaštitnim relejima sa
funkcijom automatskog ponovnog ukljuĉenja. Druga razvodna postrojenja i transformatorske stanice imaju kao rasklopnu opremu
rastavljaĉe tako da ih tretiramo kao i rastavljaĉe na stubovima: imaju ureĊaje za detekciju prolaska kvara koje koristimo za daljinsku
signalizaciju i lokalnu automatiku.
Sedam od osam transformatorskih stanica 110/20kV opremljeno je tehnikom zemljospojnog prekidaĉa za eliminisanje prolaznih
zemljospojeva u mreţi 20kV. Kako se iz njih napaja pomenuta srednjenaponska mreţa morali smo da uskladimo zemljospojne
zaštite i lokalne automatike izvoda 20kV sa zaštitama i lokalnom automatikom daljinski upravljivih aparata montiranih na tim
izvodima kao i funkcionisanja tehnike zemljospojnog prekidaĉa pri pojavama jednopolnih kvarova. Razliĉito smo tretirali rastavljaĉe
snage koji iskljuĉuju u beznaponskom stanju u odnosu na razvodna postrojenja sa prekidaĉima i reklozere kao i tipove izvoda
zavisno od vrste mreţe (kablovski, nadzemni ili mešoviti).
Prikazaćemo HRD liste zanimljivih pogonskih dogaĊaja.
Kljuĉne reĉi: automatizacija srednjenaponske mreţe, zaštita, zemljospojni prekidaĉ.
ALIGNMENT OF PROTECTION AND LOCAL AUTOMATIC SMART GRID 20kV WITH THE WORK TECHNIQUES
OF EARTHING SWITCHES
In the last ten years we have been invested heavily in the development of remote control , local automation and observing facilities
and switching devices in medium voltage network. Elektrodistribution Sombor has long since moved on to the transformation of
110/20kV to complete consumption. We now have over 35 controllable points at the 20kV network: distribution stations, transformer
station 20/0.4kV, reclosers and disconnectors on the pillars. Reclosers and some switchgears are equipped with circuit breakers and
protection relays with an automatic reclosing. Another switchgears and substations are equipped with disconectors so we treat them
as disconectors on the pillars: they have devices for fault detection that we use for remote signaling and local automatics.
Seven of the eight our substations 110/20kV is equipped with a ground switch for the elimination of transient earth faults in the 20kV
network. Considering that the medium voltage networks is powered out of them we had to adjust fault protection and local
automation of the feeders 20kV with protection and local automatic remote - controllable devices mounted on this feeders and
perform as well as operation techniques of the ground switch with single-pole fault occurrences. We treated differently disconnectors
that disconnects at the no-load conditions in relation to the distribution systems with switches and reclosers and types of feeders,
depending on the type of network (cable, overhead or mixed).
We will show a HRD list of interesting fault events.
Keywords: automation of medium-voltage networks, protection, ground switch.
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R-3.06
KARAKTERISTIĈAN DOGAĐAJ PRI RADU ZEMLJOSPOJNOG PREKIDAĈA
D. CVETINOV, Ţ. TANJGA
ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Begrad, Ogranak „ED Novi Sad―,Novi Sad, Srbija
Transformatorska stanica 110/20/35kV „Baĉka Palanka 2― je izgraĊena 1976 godine kao transformatorska stanica 35/20kV sa
energetskim transformatorom 35/20 kV i potpuno završena 1996 godine. Tada je kompletirano 110kV postrojenje u izvedbi „H― šeme
sa dva dalekovodna polja i dva energetska transformatora. Transformatorska stanica napaja industrijsku zonu sa vaţnim privrednim
subjektima, a takoĊe i široku potrošnju jednog dela Baĉke Palanke. U postrojenju 20/kV je pre nekoliko godina ugraĊen zemljospojni
prekidaĉ za otklanjanje prolaznih zemljospojeva koji jednopolno ukljuĉuje pol faze u kvaru. U januaru prošle godine došlo je do
iskljuĉenja iz pogona 20kV prekidaĉa u transformatorskom polju br. 1 delovanjem kratkospojne zaštite sabirnica. Nakon analize
dogaĊaja primećeno je da je iskljuĉenju energetskog transformatora br. 1 prethodio zemljospoj na 20kV izvodu koji se napaja sa
sabirnica 20kV br. 2 koji je prouzrokovao trajan kvar (zemljospoj) na drugom 20 kV izvodu koji se, takoĊe, napaja sa sabirnica br. 2.
Pomenuti drugi kvar je nastupio u trenutku dok je trajao kvar na prvom izvodu, odnosno dok je faza pogoĊena kvarom bila uzemljena
preko zemljospojnog prekidaĉa koji se nalazi u ćeliji koja pripada sabirnicama br. 1, dakle suprotnim sabirnicama u odnosu na
sabirnice koje napaju izvode u kvaru. Usled ovog dogaĊaja došlo je do prorade kratkospojne zaštite sabirnica br. 1 i ispada
prekidaĉa u transformatorskom polju br. 1, odnosno do neselektivne prorade zaštite. U radu su dati predlozi podešenja zaštita koji
mogu spreĉiti opisanu pojavu.
Kljuĉne reĉi: zemljospojni prekidaĉ, zaštita sabirnica.
SPECIFIC EVENT IN CASE OF SHUNT OPERATION
Substation 110/20/35kV ―Baĉka Palanka 2‖ was built in 1976 as 35/20kV substation with power transformer 35/20kV and completely
finished in 1996. Since that year, substation comprises two power transformers 110/20kV and two 110kV transmission lines forming
„H― scheme. Nowadays, substation feeds several important industrial consumers as well as residential consumers in the town. A few
years ago in 20kV substation an automatism called „shunt― was implemented. The shunt is just a circuit breaker between each phase
and the earth, that is normally open but that closes in case of an earth fault. By closing only the faulted phase, it allows for the
disappearing of temporary earth faults without cutting the feeder. In january in 2015 the 20kV circuit breaker of transformer no. 1 was
switched off due to 20kV busbar overcurrent protection (short circuit fault protection). Further analysis showed that there was an
earth fault fed by bars no. 2 which caused the permanent earth fault on the other feeder fed by bars no. 2 as well, before this circuit
breaker was activated. This fault occured in the moment while the first fault was still present and while the faulted phase was closed
by the shunt. At the same time, the shunt is attached to busbars no. 1 meaning opposite to busbars which feed the fault locations.
Due to this event 20kV busbar overcurrent protection (short circuit fault) was triggered and the 20kV circuit breaker of transformer
no. 1 was switched off (non selective protection). This paper deals with suggestions about protection settings in order to prevent
such event.
Key words: shunt, busbar short circuit fault protection.
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R-3.07
INTEGRACIJA INDIKATORA PROLASKA KVARA U OKVIRU SISTEMA DALJINSKOG

UPRAVLJANJA (SDU) GRADA BEOGRADA
D. VUKOTIĆ, G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ,
ODS "EPS Distribucija", Beograd
Na osnovu usvojene koncepcije upravljanja srednjenaponskom elektrodistributivnom mreţom na konzumno podruĉju grada
Beograda preporuĉena je intenzivnija ugradnja indikatora prolaska struje kvara na nadzemnim vodovima. Do usvajanja koncepcije
na konzumnom podruĉju grada Beograd bilo je ugraĊeno nekoliko indikatora prolaska struje kvara bez daljinske dojave, razliĉitih
proizvoĊaĉa, ali nakon toga poĉelo se da ugradnjom indikatora prolaska struje kvara koji imaju ugraĊen GSM modem, putem koga je
moguće ostvariti daljinsku dojavu pri prolasku struje kvara na mestu ugradnje ureĊaja. Naţalost, iako su indikatori struje kvara imali
mogućnost daljinske dojave, informacije su se putem SMS poruka prosleĊivale na odreĊene mobilne telefone u nadreĊene centre
upravljanja, bez mogućnosti da se te informacije proslede i na SCADA sistem. Budući da informacije o prolasku struje kvara nisu
integrisane u SCADA sistem, nije postojala mogućnost da se informacije pojave u odgovarajućim listama (dogaĊaja, alarma,
kvarova), što je u znaĉajnoj meri oteţavalo lokaciju kvara na nadzemnoj mreţi. U cilju da se ţeljene informacije o prolasku struje
kvara integrišu u SCADA sistem, realizovan je poseban komunikacioni server putem koga se prikupljaju informacije sa ugraĊenih
indikatora prolaska struje kvara i putem standardnog protokola IEC 60870-5-104 prosleĊuju SCADA sistemu. Na taj naĉin izvršena je
potpuna integracija informacija koje se prikazuju na HMI operatorskim stanicama u okviru nadreĊenih centra upravljanja, na osnovu
kojih dispeĉer moţe da vrlo lako izvrši lokaciju nadzemne deonice u kvaru. U radu su posebno analizirane prelazne pojave (merenja
elektriĉnog i magnetnog polja) koje se registruju na samom ureĊaju pri pojavi kvara, a koje je putem 3G mreţe mobilnog operatera
moguće preuzeti. Dato je više primera realnih dogaĊaja na nadzemnoj mreţi, koji su bili uzrokovani pojavom kvara, a koji su na
osnovu prelaznih pojava detaljno analizirani, odnosno identifikovana je vrsta kvara koja se desila.
Kljuĉne reĉi: indikator prolaska struje kvara, SCADA sistem, inteligentne mreţe.
INTEGRATION OF FAUL PASSEGE INDECATORS (FPIS) WITHIN SCADA SYSTEM OF DCC "BELGRADE"
Based on the adopted concept of operation MV electric distribution network in the target area of the city of Belgrade is recommended
intensive installation Fault Passage Indicator (FPI) on overhead lines. By adopting the concept of the consumption area of Belgrade
was built several Fault Passage Indicators (FPI) without remote signalization, different vendors, but then began to installing Fault
Passage Indicators (FPI) build-in the GSM modem, through which it is possible to achieve remote alarm when passing fault current
of on-site equipment. Unfortunately, even though the Fault Passage Indicators (FPI) have the possibility of remote alert, information
was relayed through SMS (text messages) on mobile phones in certain higher-level control centers, without being able to pass on
this information to the SCADA system. Since information on the passage of the fault current is not integrated into the SCADA
system, there was no possibility that the information appears in the appropriate lists (events, alarms, faults), which has significantly
hampered the fault location on the overhead network. In order to get the desired information about the passage of fault current
integrated into the SCADA system was implemented, a dedicated communication server (gateway) through which the information is
collected with a built-in Fault Passage Indicators (FPIs) through a standard protocol IEC 60870-5-104 forwarded to the SCADA
system. In this way, made the full integration of information displayed on the HMI operator stations within the supreme control center,
on the basis of which the dispatcher can easily make the location of fault on the overhead lines. The paper specifically analyzed
transients (measurements of electric and magnetic fields) which are registered on the device in response to failure, and that is
through 3G network mobile operator can take. Provides more examples of real events on the MV overhead network, which were
caused by a fault, which are based on transients, analyzed in detail, and identified the type of failure that occurred.
Keywords: Fault passage indicator (FPI), SCADA system, smart grids.
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R-3.08
PRIMENA “TOUCHSCREEN” TEHNOLOGIJE U SISTEMIMA ZA LOKALNI NADZOR I UPRAVLJANJE

ELEKTROENERGETSKIM OBJEKTIMA
Dragan VOJNOVIĆ, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Srbija

Nikola JEMUOVIĆ, Aleksandar CAR, Institut „Mihajlo Pupin – Automatika― Beograd, Srbija
Milan KUZMANOVIĆ, Gordana JOVANOVIĆ, Milovan MALETIN, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Srbija
Skraćenje vremena u kojem konzum ostaje bez napajanja podrazumeva brz odziv na dogaĊaje unutar elektroenergetskog sistema.
Jedan od preduslova za brzu reakciju kao i kasniju preciznu analitiku zbivanja unutar sistema je svakako prikupljanje pouzdanih
informacija sa elektroenergetskih objekata u realnom vremenu. UvoĊenje sistema daljinskog nadzora i upravljanja na velikom broju
elektroenergetskih objekata kao i pouzdane telekomunikacione veze predstavljaju osnovu infrastrukture za dobijanje realne slike
elektroenergetskog sistema u centrima upravljanja u svakom trenutku. Sa druge strane izvoĊenje remontnih i drugih radova na TS
za koje je neophodno duţe vreme kao i privremeni prekidi komunikacije koji zahtevaju odlazak na objekte radi izvoĊenja
manipulacija ukazali su na potrebu obezbeĊivanja nekog vida lokalnog upravljanja na samom objektu. Dosadašnje rešenje
podrazumevalo je montaţu dodatnog ormana u kojem su se nalazili staniĉni raĉunar, mreţni switch, besprekidno napajanje većeg
kapaciteta a vrlo ĉesto i štampaĉ. Osim toga neophodno je bilo naći i mesto za monitor, tastaturu i miša što je sve zajedno zahtevalo
dosta prostora. Ovakvi prostorni uslovi su se mogli naći samo na velikim objektima, uglavnom na objektima TS 110/x kV i većim
objektima TS 35/x kV. Sa druge strane ţelja za povećanjem bezbednosti radnika prilikom izvoĊenja manipulacija ukazala je na
potrebu nalaţenja kompaktnijeg rešenja za lokalno upravljanje kako bi se ono moglo obezbediti i na manjim objektima. Nakon
paţljivog razmatranja opredelili smo se za rešenje sa PC touch panelima, u dve varijante, sa 21― displejom za objekte 110/x kV i
varijanta sa 15― displejom za manje objekte. Široka primena ove tehnologije u proizvodnji mobilnih telefona išla je u prilog lakšeg
prihvatanja ovog rešenja od strane radnika koji izvode manipulacije. TakoĊe ovo rešenje je moralo da zadovoljava ambijetalne
uslove u pogledu montaţe, temperaturnih uslova u kojima radi, otpornosti displeja na vlaţnost vazduha, dovoljnu otpornost na
mehaniĉka naprezanja itd. Da bi se mogle u potpunosti integrisati uobiĉajene funkcije touchscreen-a bilo je neophodno i
prilagoĊavanje postojeće aplikacije za lokalno upravljaĉko mesto kao i naĉina odrţavanja ove aplikacije. Zahtev je bio da se grafiĉki
prikazi jednopolnih šema na displeju ne menjaju, da se zadrţi funkcija dinamiĉkog bojenja vodova kao i ostale standardne funkcije
aplikacije. U ovom radu će biti prezentovani svi aspekti ovog rešenja kao i tehniĉke specifikacije korišćene opreme. TakoĊe će ovaj
rad dati osvrt na dosadašnja eksploataciona iskustva kao i mogućnosti za dalje proširenje funkcionalnosti sistema.
Kljuĉne reĉi: lokalni nadzor, upravljanje, touchscreen.
USAGE OF TOUCHSCREEN TEHNOLOGY IN SYSTEMS FOR LOCAL

MONITORING AND CONTROL OF POWER STATION
The shortening of the time in which consumers remains without power require rapid and fast response to events within the power
systems. One of the prerequisites for rapid response and accurate analytics subsequent events within the system is certainly
gathering reliable information from electrical power stations in real time. The instalation of remote monitoring and control on a large
number of electric power plants and reliable telecommunication links are the basis of infrastructure to obtain a realistic picture of
power systems parameters in the control centers. On the other hand, the periodically works of repair and other kind of work wich
needs to spend a longer time on the power station as well as temporary interruptions in communications that require going to the
facilities to perform manipulation show us the need of providing some form of local control at the power station. The previous solution
involved the installation of an additional cabinet in which were placed substation computer, network switch, uninterruptible power
supply large capacity and very often the printer. In addition it was necessary to find a place for a monitor, keyboard and mouse that
is all together require a lot of space. These particulary conditions could be found only on large power stations, mostly on objects TS
110/x kV and larger facilities 35/x kV. On the other hand the desire to increase the safety of workers when performing manipulation
focused on the need to find a more compact solution for local control that could be provided in smaller objects. After careful
consideration we chose a solution with a PC touch panels, in two versions, with a 21" display for objects 110 / x kV and a variant with
a 15" display for smaller objects. Widespread use of this technology in the production of mobile phones went in favor of easier
acceptance of this solution by workers who perform manipulation. Also, this solution had to meet the ambient conditions in terms of
installation, temperature conditions under which it operates, the display resistance to humidity, sufficient resistance to mechanical
stress and so on. To be able to fully integrate the common features of touchscreen was necessary to adapt existing applications for
local control as well as ways of maintaining these applications. The major request for graphical presentation of power stations on the
114
display was that they has to be the same as previous and thay have to maintain the function of dynamic painting of wires as well as
other standard functionalities of the application. In this paper will be presented all aspects of this solution as well as the technical
specifications of the used equipment. Also this paper will give an overview of experience during the current exploitation as well as
opportunities for further improvement of the system functionality.
Key words: local monitoring, remote control, touchscreen.
I-3.09
ISKUSTVA SA MODIFIKACIJAMA U PODSTANICAMA KOJE KORISTE TEHNOLOGIJU PROCESNE SABIRNICE

(ĈVRSTA VLAKNA)
SUBSTATION RETROFIT EXPERIENCES USING PROCESS BUS (HARD FIBER) TECHNOLOGY
S. SHOARINEJAD, Araz Energy, Azerbaijan,

J. SECO, J. CARDENAS, GE Digital Energy, Spain
IEC 61850 has become the Standard to be used in Modern Substations due to the multiple advantages that it brings to the different
stakeholders involved during substation lifecycle. There are many examples of substations using IEC 61850 IEDs (mostly protection
relays) and many papers from several manufacturers and from different users at various locations have already discussed about the
multiple advantages of using this Standard. This paper will show the experience of Araz Energy using a Process Bus Solution in four
110 KV (as retrofitted projects) Substations in Azerbaijan.
Araz Energy proposal to BEG (Baku Electric Grid that is locally called ―Baki Elektrik Shabakasi/ BES‖) was based on the Hard Fiber
Process Bus system made by General Electric-Multilin (as part of General Electric Digital Energy). The use of the Process Bus
System is key as it brings all the benefits of a Digital Substation and regular SAS (some vendors call it ―DCS‖ for Substation
Automation) and implies changes in the way a traditional substation is being designed, built, serviced and maintained. The
experience described in this paper is based on the feedback gained and lessons learned from all perspectives in practice from four
different substations where the same concept was applied. Since then the use of Digital Substations has become a landmark in the
way Substations should be designed, operated & maintained.
Keywords: Digital Substation, IEC 61850, Process Bus, Protection Relay, Substation Automation System (SAS); IED (Intelligent
Electronic Device), PM (Predictive Maintenance).
R-3.10
RASPODELA STRUJE JEDNOFAZNOG ZEMLJOSPOJA DUŢ SREDNJENAPONSKOG NADZEMNOG VODA
Nikola MUĈALICA, Slobodan LOLIĆ

ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Begrad, Srbija
U ovom radu je prikazan analitiĉki postupak za odreĊivanje jaĉine struje kvara na uzemljivaĉkom sistemu trafostanice (x/110 kV),
koja se javlja kada do jednofaznog zemljospoja doĊe na prikljuĉnom dalekovodu 110kV. Prikazan je matematiĉki model homogenog
dalekovoda sa jednim zaštitnim provodnikom, kao i ekvivalentna šema uzemljivaĉkog sistema dalekovoda preko lestviĉaste šeme.
Posmatran je homogen dalekovod (geometrijski, mehaniĉki i elektriĉni parametri na celoj njegovoj trasi su isti, kao i impedanse
uzemljenja stubova), pri ĉemu uzemljivaĉki sistem dalekovoda ĉine impedanse uzemljenja svih stubova kao i sopstvena impedansa
zemljovodnog uţeta. Parametri uzemljivaĉkog sistema dalekovoda imaju presudan uticaj na zamensku šemu nultog redosleda
dalekovoda, odnosno, na raspodelu nultih struja zemljospoja duţ dalekovoda. S obzirom da nulte struje imaju, preko vremenski
promenljivog magnetskog polja i elektromagnetske indukcije, najveće uticaje na provodne strukture u okruţenju, vrlo je vaţno, ne
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samo predvideti njihove intenzitete, nego i poznavati njihovu raspodelu duţ dalekovoda. Na primerima iz prakse, u ovom radu su
prikazani rezultati analize za delove struja kvara u uzemljivaĉkom sistemu dalekovoda, pomoću strujne raspodele u lestviĉastoj šemi
za dva sluĉaja:
1. dalekovod je napajan sa dva kraja,
2. dalekovod je napajan sa jednog kraja.
U radu je prikazana i zavisnost jaĉine struje kvara u uzemljivaĉkom sistemu izvorne trafostanice (x/110 kV) od mesta zemljospoja na
prikljuĉnom dalekovodu 110 kV, za tri razliĉite specifiĉne otpornosti tla od 50 Ωm, 100 Ωm i 1000 Ωm. Kroz analizu je pokazano da
je moguće odrediti kritiĉan itenzitet struje kvara, sa stanovišta uslova bezopasnosti od termiĉkog naprezanja zemljovodnog uţeta
prikljuĉenog dalekovoda, što je od posebnog znaĉaja u sluĉaju upotrebe OPGW uţeta.
Kljuĉne reĉi: raspodela struje zemljospoja, struja kvara, uzemljivacki sistem nadzemne mreţe.
DETERMINATION OF SINGLE PHASE TO GROUND FAULT CURRENT DISTRIBUTION

ALONG OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE
In this paper an analytical method for determining the fault current appearing in the grounding system of the substation (x/110 kV),
which occurs when a single-phase to ground fault comes to the 110 kV power line is presented. The mathematical model of
homogenous overhead line with one overhead earth wire – ground wire, as well as the grounding system equivalent circuit scheme
via cascade schemes is introduced. A homogeneous overhead transmission power line (geometrical, mechanical and electrical
parameters along the entire trace are the same, as well as the pylon impedance) is presumed. Grounding system of overhead
transmission line contains all impedances of the pylons and impedance of shielding wire. The transmission lines grounding system’s
parameters have a decisive influence on the transmission overhead line zero order circuit, meaning the sequence-fault current
distribution along the transmission line. Through the time varying magnetic field and electromagnetic induction, the zero sequence
fault-currents have the greatest impacts on the conductive structure in the environment. For this reason it is important not only to
predict their intensity, but also to be well acquainted with their distribution along the transmission line. At the examples from practice,
this paper presents the results of an analysis of the fault current parts inside the power transmission lines grounding system, using
the cascade scheme for two cases:
1. Two ways supplied transmission line,
2. One way supplied transmission line.
In the paper is also presented the dependence of the fault current inside the original substation (x/110 kV) grounding system on the
fault position along the 110 kV transmission line, for three different soil resistivity values; 50 Ωm, 100 Ωm and 1000 Ωm. Through the
analysis it was shown that it is possible to determine a critical fault current value, regarding the safety conditions of power
transmission overhead line ground wire thermal stress, which is especially important in the case of the OPGW wire application.
Keywords: distribution of fault current, fault current, grounding system of overhead power lines.
R-3.11
PRORAĈUN STRUJE KVARA PRI POJAVI NESIMETRIĈNOG OPTEREĆENJA

U OKVIRU SNDM GRADA BEOGRADA
G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, D. VUKOTIĆ
ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
U radu je predstavljan proraĉun struje kvara pri pojavi nesimetriĉnog opterećenja u okviru srednjenaponske elektrodistributivne
mreţe (SNDM) na konzumnom podruĉju grada Beograda. Proraĉun je vršen pri kratkim spojevima na razliĉitim mestima duţ pravca
napajanja radijalnog voda, pri raznim tipovima kvarova. Pri proraĉunu posebna paţnja je usmerena na problem, kada se posmatra
radijalni vod na kome je ekvivalentno opterećenje koncentrisano na njegovom kraju.
Prezentovani proraĉun koristi metodu koja se bazira na direktnom pisanju Kirkohovih jednaĉina primenjenih na trofaznu ekvivalentnu
shemu, bez svoĊenja trofaznog nesimetriĉnog sistema na direktne, inverzne i nulte komponente. TakoĊe, pri proraĉunu struje kvara
uzete su u obzir razliĉite vrednosti otpornosti uzemljenja zvezdišta transformatora - od direktno uzemljenog do izolovanog zvezdišta.
U okviru proraĉuna posebno se analizira uticaj nesimetrije opterećenja duţ radijalnog voda, pri ĉemu se varira ekvivalentna
potrošnja na kraju voda zadavanjem razliĉitih vrednosti prividne snage i faktora snage (cos ϕ) po fazama.
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Proraĉuni su vršeni na realnim modelima SN izvoda iz transformatorskih stanica x/SN na kojima je ugraĊena oprema za
automatizaciju, odnosno inteligentni linijski prekidaĉi (ILP - „riklozeri―), a u cilju da se izvrši provera rezultata proraĉuna struje kvara
sa merenjima koja su registrovana u okviru zaštitno-upravljaĉke jedinice ILP.
TakoĊe, nad istim realnim modelima mreţe izvršena je promena elektriĉnih parametara, zavisnih od mesta pojave kvara u odnosu
na lokaciju ugraĊenog ILP, kao i za razliĉite tipove kvarova (zemljospojeva), impendansi transformatora snage i vodova.
U cilju detaljnije provere proraĉunatih vrednosti struje kvara u sluĉaju kada na SN izvodnoj ćeliji postoji mikroprocesorski zaštitno-
upravljaĉki ureĊaj (MPCU), korišćeni su registrovani podaci na samom ureĊaju o prelaznim pojavama usled kvarova duţ izvoda iza
inteligentnog linijskog prekidaĉa.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Struja kvara, inteligentni linijski prekidaĉ.
FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AN ASYMMETRICAL LOAD

WITHIN THE MVDN OFF CITY OF BELGRADE
G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ, D. VUKOTIC
ODS „EPS Distribution― Ltd. Belgrade, Serbia
The paper deals with the computation of fault current with taking into account unbalanced loads in the medium-voltage distribution
network (MVDN), in the consumer area of Belgrade. The calculation is done during short-circuits at various points along the radial
direction of the power line, at various types of failures. In the calculation, special attention is focused on the problem, when
equivalent load of a radial line is concentrated at the end of the line.
The calculation presented in the paper uses a method that is based on the direct writing of Kirchhoff’s equations applied to the three-
phase equivalent scheme, without reducing the three-phase unbalanced system to the direct, inverse and zero components. Also,
fault currents calculation takes into account the different values of earth resistance of the transformer - from directly grounded to the
isolated transformer neutral. Within the computation, the influence of unbalanced loads along the radial line is analyzed, where
variation of equivalent consumption at the end of the line is modeled by different values of apparent power and power factor (cos φ)
in each phases.
The real models of X/MV substation, radial line and unbalanced load is used, in which an integrated automation equipment, i. e. an
Intelligent Line Switches (ILS - 'Reclosers'), is integrated, in order to carry out a verification of the results of fault-current computation
with measurements that are registered in protective-control unit of ILS.
Also, over the same real network model was changed electrical parameters, dependent on the place of occurrence of the fault in
relation to the location of the built-ILS, as well as for different types of faults (ground faults), impedances of transformer and power
lines.
In order to check the detailed calculated value of the fault current when there is a microprocessor protective-control unit (MPCU) in
the MV substation cell, the registered data on the device due to the transient faults along the feeder behind the ILS were used.
Keywords: repair of power factor, capacitor banks.
R-3.12
MЕЂУСОБНА ЗАВИСНОСТ УПРАВЉАЊА И КОМУНИКАЦИОНЕ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЕ У

ОПЕРАТИВНОМ РАДУ ДЦ 110/35kV
Марко ЈОВАНОВ, Зоран ЈОВАНОВИЋ

ЕПС Дистрибуција, Србија
У уводном делу приказан је кратак опис поступака и програмских алата у управљању електродистрибутивном мрежом у
надлежности ДЦ 110/35kV Службе за оперативно управљање ДЕЕС и представљена је постојећа комуникациона
инфраструктура која се користи у оперативном раду.
Даље у раду описана је међусобна зависност управљања и комуникационе инфраструктуре у оперативном раду. Као
закључак наведене су уочене потребе за проширењем комуникационе инфраструктуре, али и отклањањем недостатака у
процесу управљања и комуникације, у циљу квалитетнијег и поузданијег снабдевања електричном енергијом купаца.
Кључне речи: оперативни рад, комуникациона инфраструктура, зависност.

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MUTUAL INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN OPERATIONAL WORK AND COMMUNICATION
INFRASTRUCTURE IN DC 110/35kV
In the introduction a short description of procedures, software and communication infrastructure used in operational work in DC 110 /
35kV is shown.
Further on the authors present the mutual interdependence between operational work and communication infrastructure. As a
conclusion authors present the needs of expending the communication infrastructure, and eliminating the bad procedures and ways
of communication, all in the cause of quality and reliable delivering of electrical energy to customers.
Key words: operational work - communication infrastructure – interdependence
R-3.13
TELEKOMUNIKACIONI PODSISTEM U OKVIRU SISTEMA ZA AUTOMATIZACIJU ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE NA

KONZUMNOM PODRUĈJU VOJVODINE
S. DUBAĈKIĆ, A. BOŠKOVIĆ
ODS „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o., Srbija
Proširenje, unapreĊenje, integracija i centralizacija postojećih sistema za automatizaciju distribucije (sistem daljinskog nadzora i
upravljanja visokonaponskom i srednjenaponskom mreţom, sistem upravljanja distribucijom, sistem za daljinsko oĉitavanje brojila) i
uvoĊenjem novih (pametne mreţe, napredna merna infrastruktura, video nadzor i kontrola pristupa i drugi) u elektrodistributivnim
kompanijama zahtevaju odgovarajuće telekomunikacione prenosne puteve.
Stoga je potrebno obezbediti telekomunikacione linkove odgovarajućeg kapaciteta i kvaliteta, do elektroenergetskih objekata i
potrošaĉa elektriĉne energije, kako na srednjem tako i na niskom naponu, shodno potrebama ovih tehnoloških sistema.
U radu su prikazana iskustva u razvoju kompanijske telekomunikacione infrastrukture na konzumnom podruĉju Vojvodine izgraĊene
sa ciljem da se obezbedi nesmetano i istovremeno funkcionisanje tehniĉkih, poslovnih, upravljaĉkih i drugih servisa u sistemu.
Kljuĉne reĉi: telekomunikacije; automatizacija; distribucija; elektriĉna energija.
TELECOMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM WITHIN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AUTOMATIZATION SYSTEM IN THE

CONSUMPTION AREA OF VOJVODINA
The expansion, improvement, integration and centralization of existing systems for distribution automation (supervisory control and
data acquisition system for high-voltage and medium-voltage network, distribution management system, automated meter reading
system) and the introduction of new systems (smart grid, advanced metering infrastructure, video surveillance and access control
and others) in power distribution utilities require adequate telecommunications links.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide telecommunication links of adequate capacity and quality to power facilities and electricity
consumers, both in the medium and low voltage, according to the needs of these technological systems.
The paper presents the experience in the development of the company's telecommunications infrastructure in the consumption area
of Vojvodina, built in order to ensure smooth and simultaneous operation of technical, business, control and other services in the
system.
Key words: Telecommunications; Automation; Distribution; Electrical Energy.
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R-3.14
PRAĆENJE IZGRADNJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH TRAFOSTANICA PRIMENOM WEB ORIJENTISANOG SOFTVERA
Vladimir PUSTAHIJA R, Radojica GRAOVAC, Vlada JOVANOVIĆ

ENERGOPROJEKT – ENTEL, Srbija
Praćenje izgradnje bilo koje vrste objekata ukljuĉivo i infrastrukturne objekte zahteva kontrolu projektne dokumentacije za izvoĊenje
radova, kontrolu radova na izgradnji, odobrenje izmena u izgradnji i sveobuhvatno izveštavanje svih uĉesnika na projektu o
aktivnostima i stanju radova. Energoprojekt – Entel-u se kroz višegodišnji rad u pruţanja konsultatskih usluga u planiranju i praćenju
izgradnje trafostanica i linija visokog napona za potrebe elektroprivrednih kompanija u zemljama Bliskog istoka ukazala potreba za
primenom web orijentisanog softverskog alata za menadţment ovih aktivnosti. Pre deset godina samostalno je razvijen
―Correspondence Exchange Monitoring Software‖ (CEMS) koji je zadnjih godina proširen i sa modulima specijano razvijenim za
praćenje izgradnje distributivnih transformatorskih stanica i odgovarajućih kablovskih linija. Osnovne funkcije novo razvijenih modula
CEMS su: elektronsko izdavanja zahteva za inspekcije (RFI) u realnom vremenu , elektronski prijem zahteva za inspekcije i potvrda
o prihvatanju/odbijanju ovog zahteva od strane inspektora radova, automatsko generisanje izveštaja sa mesta inspekcije ukljuĉivo i
slanje fotografija sa GPS koordinatama predmetnog gradilišta na pre definisane imejl adrese. U ovom radu su prikazane osnovne
funkcije CEMS kao i specifiĉnosti koje se odnose na praćenje istovremene izgradnje velikog broja distributivnih trafostanica i
kablovskih linija od strane više razliĉitih izvoĊaĉa, uz angaţovanje inspektora razliĉitih struka i uz zahtevano ―on line‖ izveštavanje a
sve za potrebe katarske elektrodistributivne kompanije.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Softver, kontrola dokumentacije, zahtev za inspekciju, generisanje izveštaja.
CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS BY WEB ORIENTED SOFTWARE
Construction of sites and infrastructure facilities requires control of design documentation for construction, control of site works,
approval of modification works as well as overall reporting to all involved parties on works status. Energoprojekt – Entel, in many
years of experience by giving consultancy services for planning and supervision services for high voltage substations and cable lines
to power utility companies in Middle East, have found the necessity of having web based software as tool for management of these
activities. ―Correspondence Exchange Monitoring Software‖ (CEMS) had been in house developed ten years ago and last few years
it has been extended with new specially developed modules for site supervision to follow up construction of distribution substations
and cable lines. Basic facilities of new developed CEMS modules are: electronic generation request for inspection (RFI) in real time,
electronic confirmation of acceptance/non acceptance of RFI, automatic reporting from construction site with attached photos and
GPS coordinates and transfer of the same to predefined e-mail addresses. In this article are presented the basic CEMS facilities as
well as specific features related to follow up at the same time the construction works by many contractors at many substations with
different discipline inspectors involved and with on line reporting, all for KAHRAMAA, electrical distribution company, in State of
Qatar.
Key words: Software, documentation management, request for inspection, online reporting.
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R-3.15
ANALIZA GUBITAKA PO DELOVIMA KONZUMA ODS KORIŠĆENJEM GIS TEHNOLOGIJE
Jelena STEVIĆ, Vladimir STOJIĈIĆ

ODS „EPS Distribucija‖, Beograd, Srbija
Nove organizacione promene u EPS i ODS zahtevaju, pored ostalog, sve veću informatiĉku podršku, a naroĉito u
delu integracije tehniĉkih i komercijalnih podataka.
GIS, kao savremeni oblik tehniĉke dokumentacije, predstavlja izvor grafiĉkih i alfanumeriĉkih podataka o elektrodistributivnoj mreţi,
koje je potrebno povezati sa alfanumerĉkim podacima iz ostalih informacinih sistema.
U radu je ukratko pokazan model za integraciju geopozicioniranih elemenata mreţe sa njima pridruţenim podacima o kupcima i sa
daljinskim merenjima po izvodima transformatorskih stanica x/10 kV i po TS 10/04 kV, na primeru aplikacije za analizu gubitaka.
Lociranje kritiĉnih mesta kroz ovu aplikaciju se postiţe poreĊenjem merenih vrednosti energije u TS( izvoda TS) i oĉitanih vrednosti
energije kupaca konzuma. Uslov je postojanje veze ED broja (brojila) i izvora napajanja, što se ostvaruje integracijom podataka GIS
elemenata mreţe i odgovarajućih podataka o kupcima.
Key words: integracija podataka, GIS.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GIS TECHNOLOGY ON ANALYSIS OF LOSSES IN REGIONS OF ODS NETWORK
New organization changes in EPS and ODS, beside other issues, require more of IT support, particularly in the domain of integration
of technical and commercial data.
As an modern form of technical documentation, GIS represents a source of graphical and alphanumerical data on distribution
network which needs to be integrated with alphanumerical data from other information systems.
The paper briefly presents model for integration of geo-referenced network elements with associated consumer data, and remote
measurements on x/10 kV outgoing bays and 10/0,4 kV S/Ss, all of it on the loss analysis application.
Location of critical spots in this application is managed by comparasion of measured values of energy consumption in S/S (S/S bay),
and recorded values of energy consumption at consumer meters. Precondition for this is existence of connection between ED meter
unit and source of power supply, which is achieved by integration of GIS network elements data, and corresponding consumer data.
Key words: data integration, GIS.
Izveštaj STK 4
Struĉna komisija 4
DISTIBUIRANA PROIZVODNJA I EFIKASNO KORIŠĆENJE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Predsednik komisije: dr Ţeljko POPOVIĆ
ODS EPS Distribucija, Subotica, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija
U predviĊenom roku za prijem radova i nakon razmatranja od strane recenzenata i struĉnih izvestilaca, prihvaćeno je 24 rada, od
ĉega 22 kao referati i 2 kao informacije. Radi efikasnijeg rada na sesijama izvršeno je grupisanje radova u tri teme, objedinjavanjem
preferencijalnih tema broj 2 i broj 3 iz poziva za pisanje referata:
1. Integracija distribuiranih izvora elektriĉne energije
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Struĉni izvestilac je dr Predrag VIDOVIĆ i, Fakultat tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija. U ovoj temi prihvaćeno je 10 radova, od toga 8
kao referati i 1 kao informacija.
2. Efikasno korišćenje elektriĉne energije i upravljanje opterećenjem
Struĉni izvestilac je Stanko KNEŢEVIĆ, dipl.el.inţ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad, Srbija. U ovoj temi prihvaćeno je 6 radova,
od toga 6 kao referati i 1 kao informacija.
3. Pametna brojila i sistemi za daljinsko oĉitavanje i upravljanje brojilima
Struĉni izvestioci su Boris HOLIK, dipl.el.inţ. i Saša MARĈETA, dipl.el.inţ., ODS EPS Distribucija, Novi Sad, Srbija. U ovoj temi
prihvaćeno je 7 radova kao referati.
Integracija distribuiranih izvora elektriĉne energije
Struĉni izvestilac: dr Predrag VIDOVIĆ, Fakultat tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
R-4.01 UTICAJ DISTRIBUIRANE PROIZVODNJE NA GUBITKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ

MREŢI
Autori: M. ŠARIĆ, A. ĈOLAKOVIĆ, N. RAHIMIĆ, A. BOLOBAN
JP EP BiH d.d. Sarajevo, Podruţnica „Elektrodistribucija― Mostar, Bosna i Hercegovina
U ovom radu je prikazan proraĉun gubitaka elektriĉne nergije i varijacije u gubicma u prisustvu dsitributivnih generator. Proraĉun je
primenjen na realnoj 10kV srednjenaponskoj mreţi u Bosni i Hercegovini sa realnim podacimo o opterećenju dobijenim iz AMI
sistema.
1. Šta predstavlja DLF i gde postoji upotreba ovog pokazatelja?
2. U ĉemu je prednost predloţene metode iz ovog rada u odnosu na postojeće radove iz oblasti planiranja koji takoĊe uzimaju u
obzir uticaj DG-eva na elektriĉne gubitke?
R-4.02 UTICAJ VISOKOG NIVOA PENETRACIJE VARIJABILNIH PV DISTRIBUIRANIH IZVORA NA NAPONSKE

PRILIKE NISKONAPONSKE MREŢE
Autori: J. GAJOVIĆ, S. MIJAJLOVIĆ, EPCG, FC Distribucija, Crna Gora
U radu je predstavljen uticaj varijabilnosti PV izvora na naponske prilike u NN mreţi, na realnom primeru prigradskog trafo reona u
Podgorici. Upotrebom simulacionog alata za EES, je predstavljena mogućnosti PV proizvodnje u NN mreţi u skladu sa granicama
koje karakterišu normalan rad elektroenergetskog sistema.
1. Koliko su PV zastupljeni u distributivnim kompanijama u svijetu?
2. Da li Vaša kompanije ima PV?
3. Kolika je cijena PV po kW?
R-4.03 MODELOVANJE I PRORAĈUN KRATKIH SPOJEVA DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA S DISTRIBUIRANIM

GENERATORIMA ZASNOVANIM NA TROFAZNIM INVERTORIMA
Autori: L. STREZOSKI, V. KATIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
U ovom radu je dat pregled „Low Voltage Ride Through‖ zahteva nekih od izabranih zemalja, a zatim su na osnovu tih zahteva
predloţeni modeli distribuiranih generatora zasnovanih na trofaznim invertorima (IZDG) u uslovima mreţe s kratkim spojem.
Saglasno s tim, modeli su integrisani u novo razvijeni metod za proraĉun reţima aktivnih distributivnih mreţa s kratkim spojem.
Predloţeni modeli, integrisani u metod za proraĉun reţima aktivnih distributivnih mreţa s kratkim spojem su verifikovani na
standardnom IEEE 13 distributivnom test fideru sa dodatim IZDG.
1. Da li postoji negdje u Srbiji laboratorija u kojoj se eksperimentalno mogu provjeriti ovi rezultati?
2. Kakav je uticaj, ovdje opisanih, distribuiranih izvora na vrijednosti struja kratkih spojeva?
R-4.04 ANALIZA RADA ELEKTROENERGETSKIH DISTRIBUTIVNIH NISKONAPONSKIH MREŢA SA

PRIKLJUĈENIM MIKRO I MINI SOLARNIM ELEKTRANAMA NA PODRUĈJU OPŠTINE TEŠANJ-BiH
Autori: S. JUSIĆ, F. BEGOVIĆ, JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo – Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, BiH
U ovome radu su prikazana eksperimentalna istraţivanja vezana za pogon relne niskonaponske distributivn mreţe sa prikljuĉenim
mikro i mini solarnim eklektranam na podruĉju opštine Tešanj u Bosni i Hercegovini.
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1. Da li postoji ograniĉenje na ukupnu snaga distribuirane proizvodnje na fideru u odnosu na snagu potrošnje na tom fideru?
2. Koliko je potrebno vremena da se isplati investicija u distribuirane izvore?
R-4.05 POVEĆANJE KAPACITETA ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE ZA INTEGRACIJU DISTRIBUIRANIH

GENERATORA
Autori: A. BOSOVIĆ, N. HASANSPAHIĆ, M. MEHOVIĆ, M. MUSIĆ
JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. – Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
U radu je analiziran uticaja rada postojećih DG sa kapacitivnim faktorom snage na prilike u posmatranoj elektrodistributivnoj mreţi –
10kV izvod Grebak, Bosna i Hercegovina.TakoĊe su predstavljeni i rezultati analize prelaska 10kV odvoda Grebak na 20kV naponski
nivo uz promjenu kapacitivan faktor snage postojećih i budućih DG-a.
1. Da li su autori razmatrali ukupne gubitke (snage i energije) na godišnjem nivou na razmatarnom vodu sa i bez prisustva DG-a i
ako jesu kakvi su rezultati?
2. Da li se i na koji naĉin uvaţava prisustvo DG u SN mreţi u kompaniji autora sa stanovišta planiranja razvoja distributivnih mreţa
(npr. uticaj DG na smanjenje preseka (termiĉkog kapaciteta) vodova/deonica)?
R-4.06 SKLADIŠTENJE ENERGIJE KAO PODRŠKA INTEGRACIJI VETROELEKTRANA U

ELEKTROENERGETSKI SISTEM
Autori: J. STANOJEVĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija
Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
M. MITROVIĆ, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Srbija
A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija
U ovo radu izvršena je ekonomska analiza rada vetro elektrane u kombinaciji sa sistemom za skladištenje energije CAES
(Compressed Air Energy Storage). Cilj analize je da se kroz proraĉun, u kojem su korišćeni realni podaci o brzinama vetra, pokaţe
opravdanost primene ovakvih hibridnih sisitema. Kritertijum optimizacije je maksimizacija ekonomske dobiti pri plasmanu elektriĉne
energije iz vetro elektrane na slobodnom trţištu.
1. U koje svrhe se mogu koristiti skladišta elektriĉne energije u distributivnim mreţama sa velikim udelom distribuirane
proizvodnje?
2. Na osnovu kojih kriterijuma se moţe vršiti odreĊivanje optimalnog broja, lokacija i veliĉina skladišta elektriĉne nergije u
srednjenaponskim distributivnim mreţama?
R-4.07 ANALIZA TEHNO-EKONOMSKIH USLOVA IZGRADNJE I OCENA OPRAVDANOSTI ULAGANJA U

SOLARNE FOTONAPONSKE ELEKTRANE U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Autori: D. MILIĆEVIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, B. POPADIĆ, Z. ĈORBA, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
B. JANKOVIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Ogranak ―ED Zrenjanin‖, Srbija
U radu je prikazana analiza tehno-ekonomskih uslova izgradnje i ocena opravdanosti ulaganja u solarne fotonaponske elektrane u
Republici Srbiji. Analiza je obuhvatila nekoliko grupa fotonaponskih sistema koji se tipiĉno javljaju u praksi a grupisani su prema
instalisanoj snazi, mesta montaţe kao i podsticajnih otkupnih cena proizvedene energije.
1. Koliki period vremena obuhvataju klimatološke vrednosti koje su uzimane u analizi?
2. Moţete li uporediti periodi povraćaja investicije iz ove analize sa nekom razvijenom zemljom iz EU (npr. Nemaĉka)? Kakav je
trend isplativnosti investicije na podruĉju EU u ovoj oblasti?
3. Da li postoje indicije da će u narednih 5 godina doći do znaĉajnijeg pada cena glavnih elementa sistema (fononaposkih panela,
invertora, baterija..) i/ili povećanja njihove efikasnosti?
R-4.08 KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA EKONOMIĈNOSTI INTERMITENTNIH OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE U

USLOVIMA SLOBODNOG TRŢIŠTA
Autori: J. KUŠIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Srbija
Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerziztet u Beogradu, Srbija
U radu je data korelaciona analiza izmeĊu profila proizvodnje I profila cene elektriĉne energije na trţištu, za dve vrste intermitentnih
obnovljivih izvora elektriĉne energije – vetroelektranu I solarnu elektranu.
1. Pod kojim uslovima vaţi izvedena jednakost ―CPM=POMj/POMavg ― u formuli za izraĉunavanje koeficijenta korelisanosti?
2. U uslovima otvorenog trţišta, da li postoji vrednost koeficijenta korelisanosti CPM ispod koje se moţe zakljuĉiti da individualni
obnovljiv izvor elektriĉne energije nije rentabilan?
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3. Sa stanovišta investitora u intermitentne obnovljive izvore elektriĉne energije, da li bi objedinjavanje proizvodnje iz razliĉitih
vrsta elektrana u jednu virtualnu elektranu ostvarilo povoljniji koeficijent korelisanosti CPM?
R-4.09 TEHNIĈKI I EKONOMSKI ASPEKTI MOGUĆNOSTI IZGRADNJE MALE HIDROELEKTRANE NA RIJECI

FOJNICI-OPŠTINA VISOKO – BIH
Autori: S. JUSIĆ, E. HRNJIĆ, JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo – Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, BiH
U ovom radu razmotreni su tehniĉki i ekonomski aspekti mogućnosti izgradnje i eksploatacije MHE na rijeci Fojnici, na podruĉju
Opštine Visoko, kao distribuiranog izvora elektriĉne energije prikljuĉenog na postojeću infrastrukturu elektroenergetske distributivne
mreţe.
1. Koje bi bilo vreme povraćaja investicije (payback period) za opisanu MHE?
2. Da li su u investicionim troškovima MHE uvaţeni i troškovi izgradnje prikljuĉnog voda i prateće opreme i ako nisu koliko bi oni
povećali investicioni trošak?
3. Da li su sa stanovišta analize korisnosti i troška (benefit/cost) uvaţavane i ostale koristi koje se mogu imati od MHE, a koje su
pomenute u radu, i ako jesu koji je njihov udeo u ukupnoj korisnosti?
I-4.10 INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION GRIDS

Autori: D. RIESENBERG, T. LINNEMANN, Bilfinger Mauell GmbH, Germany
U informaciji je prikazan mogući koncept decentralizovanog upravljanja niskonaponskom mreţom iz nadreĊene transformatorske
stanice SN/NN.
1. Da li je koncept SmartRTU pomenut u informaciji testiran u relanom distributivnom sistemu?
Efikasno korišćenje elektriĉne energije i upravljanje opterećenjem
Struĉni izvestilac: Stanko KNEŢEVIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad, Srbija
R-4.11 MOGUĆNOSTI UŠTEDE ENERGIJE KONTROLOM RASHLADNOG SISTEMA ENERGETSKIH ULJNIH

TRANSFORMATORA
Autori: Z. RADAKOVIĆ, U. RADOMAN, N. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
U radu je prikazan kvantitativna analiza i poreĊenje uštede energije smanjenjem broja obrtaja ventilatora i povećanje gubitaka koje
nastaje kao rezultat poslediĉnog povećanja temperatura namotaja u realnim transformatorima koji se koriste u VN/SN
transformatorskim stanicama.
1. Koliko neizvesnost po pitanju poznavanja spoljašnjih uslova (npr. temepratura vazduha, brzina vetra i sl.) kao i ostalih ulaznih
parametara korišćenih u proraĉunima moţe uticati na rezultate?
2. Koji bi elementi bili potrebni (hardverski i softverski) da bi se predloţeni pristup mogao primeniti u realnim distributivnim
mreţama?
R-4.12 GENERALNI MATEMATIĈKI MODEL ZA PRORAĈUN EKONOMSKOG PRESEKA KABLOVA ZA

PRIKLJUĈENJE VETROELEKTRANA NA ELEKTROENERGETSKI SISTEM
Autori: A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija
Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
U radu je prikazan generalni matematiĉki model za izbor optimalnog preseka kablovskih vodova kojima se vetro elektrane povezuju
sa distributivnim sistemom. Model minimizira ukupne troškove uvaţavajući intermitentnost proizvodnje vetro elektrane i na taj naĉin
obazbeĊuje maksimalan profit vlasniku vetroelektrane.
1. Da li je raĊena analiza osteljivosti dobijenih rezultata, uzimajući u obzir stohastiĉku prirodu brzine vetra, neizvesnot po pitanju
cene elaktriĉne energije u budućnosti, neizvesnost po pitanju parametara tla? Kakvi su, ili kakvi bi po mišljenju autora bili
oĉekivani, efekti/rezultati?
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I-4.13 POLAGANJE KABLOVA U TERMIĈKI NEPOVOLJNIM SREDINAMA
Autori: D. MALEŠEVIĆ, ZP „Elektrokrajina― a.d. Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina
M. ZELJKOVIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― a.d. Trebinje, Bosna i Hercegovina
Z. JANKOVIĆ, ZP „Elektrokrajina― a.d. Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina
U informaciji je dat pregled metodologije za proraĉun maksimalnog opterećenja kablova koji se polaţu u termiĉki nepovoljnim
sredinama ĉije duţine su relativno kratke (npr. prelazak ulice).
1. Da li se model prikazan u ovoj informaciji primenjen na prktiĉnim primerima u kompaniji u kojoj autori rade i kakvi su dobijeni
rezultati?
R-4.14 OPTIMALNO UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM I SKLADIŠTENJEM ENERGIJE U PAMETNIM SISTEMIMA

SA DISTRIBUIRANIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
Autori: D. KOTUR, J. MIKULOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija
U ovom radu, je analizirano optimalno upravljanje pametnog sistema jednog domaćinstva. Domaćinstvo poseduje fotonaponski
sistem kao intermitentni izvor energije. Pored njega, sistem je povezan i na eksternu mreţu i akumulatorsku bateriju. Akumulatorska
baterija sluţi za skladištenje viška energije koji se kasnije moţe upotrebiti. Korisnik takoĊe ima mogućnost da vrši kupovinu i prodaju
elektriĉne energije iz mreţe po ceni koja se u toku dana menja sa satnom rezolucijom. Cilj je da se odredi optimalno punjenje i
praţnjenje akumulatorskih baterija, kao i kupovine i prodaje elektriĉne energije na slobodnom trţištu, tako da ukupni dnevni troškovi
budu minimalni.
1. Nakon pomeranja upravljivog dela opterećenja, sa slike 4 i 8 se moţe zakljuĉiti da je novo vršno opterećenje veće u odnosu na
poĉetno. Da li novonastali reţim moţe dovesti do narušavanja termiĉkih ili nekih drugih ograniĉenja u eksternoj mreţi?
2. Da li novonastala raspodela opterećenja data na slici 8 moţe dovesti do promene u ceni elektriĉne energije?
3. Šta je posledica uvoĊenja troška za vršno opterećenje iznad 6 kW?
R-4.15 OPTIMALNO UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM U PRISUSTVU FOTONAPONSKE ELEKTRANE I

SKLADIŠTENJA ENERGIJE
Autori: V. DURKOVIĆ, Univerzitet Crne Gore, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Crna Gora; Univerzitet u Beogradu,
Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija
N. RAJAKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija
U ovome radu je razmatrana minimizacija novĉanih troškova za preuzeti gas i elektriĉnu energiju po trţišnim cenama jednog
potrošaĉa (domaćinstva) sa instalisanom malom fotonaponskom elektranom i mikrokogeneracionim postrojenjem (MKP) ĉiji je
primarni energent gas. Potrošaĉ takoĊe ima mogućnošnost upravljanja potrošnjom i mogućnost skladištenja elektriĉne i toplotne
energije kao i mogućnost prodaje elektriĉne energiju po trţišnim cenama.
1. Objasniti na slici 1 šta predstavlja toplotna akumulacija?
2. Objasniti sa slike 7, koje od ograniĉenja spreĉava da vršno opterećenje bude u 5h, kada je cena elektriĉne energije najniţa?
3. Uzimajući u obzir faktor jednovremenosti, da li će novonastala optimalna raspodela potrošnje dovesti do promene u ceni
elektriĉne energije?
R-4.16 DEKOMPOZICIJA DNEVNOG DIJAGRAMA POTROŠNјE ZA POTREBE UPRAVLjANјA POTROŠNјOM

Autori: A. JEVTIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Srbija
Ţ. JEVTIĆ, B. NIJEMĈEVIĆ , EPS Distribucija Beograd, Srbija
U radu je prikazana primena veštaĉkih neuralnih mreţa u rešavanju problema dekompozicija dnevnog dijagrama potrošnje nekog
elektrodistributivnog konzuma na pojedine kategorije potrošnje, što je od velikog znaĉaja kod procene (ocene) upravljivih resursa na
razmatranom elektrodistributivnom podruĉju.
1. Za koji nivo dnevnog dijagarma opterećenja se vrši predloţena dekompozicija (nivo jednog domaćinstva, jedne
transformatorske stanice SN/NN, jedne transformatorske stanice VN/SN, regiona)?
2. Da li su u literaturi korišćene neuralne mreţe u cilju dekompozicije dnevnog dijagrama opterećenja. Kakvi su dobijeni rezultati
po pitanju taĉnosti kao i u poreĊenju sa drugim metodama?
3. Za koje tipove upravljanja opterećenjem (direktna kontrola opterećenja, upravljanje kroz tarifne stavove (real-time pricing, time-
of-use, i sl.)) se moţe koristiti predloţeni pristup?
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Pametna brojila i sistemi za daljinsko oĉitavanje i upravljanje brojilima
Struĉni izvestioci: Boris HOLIK i Saša MARĈETA, ODS EPS Distribucija, Novi Sad, Srbija
R-4.17 TEORIJA GRUBIH SKUPOVA KAO ALAT ZA OTKRIVANJE KRAĐE KUPACA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Autori: J. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, Srbija
S. STANKOVIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Tehniĉki centar Niš, Srbija
M. DOĈIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Leskovac, Srbija
U ovom radu je prikazana primena teorije grubih skupova za otkrivanje kraĊe elektriĉne energije na osnovu analize podataka o
kupcima iz raspoloţivog informacionog sistema. Predloţenim pristupom se na osnovu raspoloţivih podatka formiraju karakteristiĉni
profili kupaca koji su neovlašćeno koristili elektriĉnu energiju a zatim se identifikuje skup sumljivih kupaca koji imaju identiĉne profile
sa takvim profilima.
1. Kakav bi uticaj imali AMI ureĊaji u navedenoj metodi za otkrivanje kraĊe kupaca?
2. Koje metode za procenu kraĊe elektriĉne energije se koriste u svetu?
3. Da li predloţena tehnika ima primenu u praksi?
R-4.18 IZMEŠTANJE MERNIH MESTA NA REGULACIONU LINIJU KAO JEDAN OD NAĈINA ZA SMANJENJE
NETEHNIĈKIH GUBITAKA
Autori: Z. SIMENDIĆ, N. KRKLJUŠ, R. NIKOLIĆ, M. VUKAS, L. GAJDOBRANSKI
„EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogr. Elektrodistribucija Sombor
U radu su dati efekti izmeštanja mernih mesta na regulacionu liniju na nivou ĉitavih NN trafo reona. Opisana je i jedna od utvrĊenih
metoda manipulacije nad brojilom elektriĉne energije.
1. Da li se u radu opisana manipulacija nad brojilom moţe sprovesti bez narušavanja drţavne plombe na brojilu elektriĉne
energije?
2. Na primeru STS ―Lenjinova‖ Crvenka, koji su dalji koraci radi utvrĊivanja razloga disbalansa izmeĊu fakturisane energije I
protoka u samoj STS?
3. Koji su to koraci koje bi operator distributivnog sistema mogao da naĉini kako bi obezbedio da se podaci iz memorije
savremenih mikroprocesorskih brojila smatraju relevatnim dokazima na sudu?
R-4.19 EFEKTI IZMIJEŠTANJA MJERNIH MJESTA

Autori: G. RADIĆ, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj, BiH
P. KUNDAĈINA, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Hercegovina― a.d. Trebinje, BiH
D. MILIĆEVIĆ, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj, BiH
D. MURATOVIĆ, M ―ERS‖ MP a.d. Trebinje, BiH
U radu je dat opis jednog od naĉina izvoĊenja izmeštanja mernog mesta, kao I efekti koje izmeštanje I rekonstrukcija prikljuĉka imaju
na ukupne gubitke u distributivnoj mreţi.
1. Koji kriterijum je korišćen prilikom odreĊivanja mernih mesta za rekonstrukciju I izmeštanje?
2. Da li je moguće kvantifikovati efekat na smanjenje tehniĉkih gubitaka ostvaren rekonstrukcijom prikljuĉka na distributivni vod
(upotreba odgovarajućih stezaljki)?
3. Koji je oĉekivani rok za povraćaj finansijskih sredstava za primere date u radu, raĉunajući da se broj izmeštenih mernih mesta /
brojila pod daljinskim oĉitavanjem zadrţi na poslednjim vrednostima u jednom, odnosno kada je taj broj 100% u drugom
sluĉaju?
R-4.20 DIJAGRAM TOKA AKTIVNOSTI NA SMANJENJU GUBITAKA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE

Autori: S.SARIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Sremska Mitrovica,
B.SARIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― Beograd Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sremska Mitrovica, R.Srbija
U radu je prikazan dijagram toka aktivnosti za smanjenju gubitaka elektriĉne energije koji je nastao kao rezultat višegodišnjeg rada
na borbi protiv neovlašćene potrošnje elektriĉne energije ali i planiranja aktivnosti na smanjenju tehniĉkih i komercijalnih gubitaka na
teritoriji Ogranka Elektrodistribucije Sremska Mitrovica.
1. Koji su bili razlozi zašto planovi iz 2003. i 2006. godine, nisu doneli oĉekivane rezultate?
2. Šta je razlog stagniranja trenda smanjivanja gubitaka u periodu 2007 – 2010. godine, tabela 1?
3. Da li moţete dati novĉanu procenu uštede koja je ostvarena smanjivanjem gubitaka elektriĉne energije u posmatranom
periodu ? Da li imate podatke o iznosu uloţenih sredstava da bi se ostvario takav rezultat?
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4. Da li su prikazani rezultati postignuti sa postojećim brojem zaposlenih ili je bilo potrebno dodatno angaţovanje ljudstva na ovim
zadacima? Da li je bila potrebana dodatna promena organizacije radi efikasnijeg sprovoĊenja zadataka?
R-4.21 PRIMENA TERMOVIZIJSKE KAMERE I NJEN UTICAJ U CILJU LOCIRANJA NEOVLAŠĆENOG

KORIŠĆENJA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I SMANJENJA NE TEHNIĈKIH – KOMERCIJALNIH GUBITAKA
KOD KORISNIKA KOJI SE NAPAJAJU IZ TS 10/0,4kV LJUBIĆ SELO
Autor: M. RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, ODS EPS Distribucija, Srbija
U radu je prikazana primena termovizijske kamere u cilju lociranja neovlašćenog korišćenja elektriĉne energije i smanjenja ne
tehniĉkih – komercijalnih gubitaka na delu NN mreţe u ruralnom poruĉju. Data je analiza, ako i spisak mera koje su preduzete za
smanjivanje gubitaka, prezentovani su i rezultati koji su dobijeni primenom tih mera.
1. Da li smatrate da je termovizijska kamera jedan od neophodnih ureĊaja kojima ekipe za otkrivanje neovlašćene potrošnje
moraju imati pristup?
2. Da li je primećen uticaj ovakve akcije na okolna mesta, tj. da li je primećen trend pada gubitaka?
3. Da li je planirana redovna primena ovog pristupa pri traţenju neovlašćene potrošnje i u narednoj zimskoj sezoni?
R-4.22 EFEKTI ANALIZE POTROŠNJE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U OTKRIVANJU NEOVLAŠĆENE POTROŠNJE

I ANALIZA GUBITAKA NA OSNOVU NEOVLAŠĆENOG KORIŠĆENJA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Autori: R. ĐORĐEVIĆ, S.TUCAKOVIC, D.VASIĆ, ODS EPS Distribucija, Srbija
U radu je prikazana analiza gubitaka po trafostanicama 10/0,4 na osnovu kojih su locirani trafo reoni sa povećanim gubicima a na
osnovu toga i korisnici koji neovlašćeno koriste elektriĉnu energiju. TakoĊe, prikazane su i 2 karakteristiĉne neovlašćene potrošnje
(poluindirektne merne grupe) gde se mogu videti razliĉiti naĉini neovlašćenog korišćenja elektriĉne energije.U drugom delu rada su
prikazani efekti otkrivanja neovlašćene potrošnje i kaznena politika po pitanju neovlašćenog korišćenja elektriĉne energije
1. Moţete li da malo detaljnije da pojasnite sled koraka posle detekciji oštećenih plombi? Da li brojilo otvarano na licu mesta ili je
brojilo skinuto pa analiza raĊena kasnije? Da li je neophodno da predstavnik suda bude prisutan pri tom ĉinu? Da li je potrebno
da sudski veštak ispituje brojilo?
2. Da li poznati ishodi kriviĉnih prijava? Da li su obraĉunate kazne, koje su date u primerima, uspešno naplaćene?
3. Da li je po vašem mišljenju potrebno pooštravanje kaznene politike za ova dela? Kakva je kaznena politika za ista dela u
zemljama u okruţenju?
R-4.23 MODELOVANJE DEJSTVA STALNOG MAGNETA

Autori: LJ. MLADENOVIĆ, ODS doo Beograd – ogranak Elektrodistribucija Zajeĉar, Srbija
D. RAPAIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije – Tehniĉki centar Niš – Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Zajeĉar, Srbija
U radu je dat opis modelovanja prostornog raspodela linija magnetnog polja stalnog magneta korišćenjem metode konaĉnih
elemenata (FEM). Dat je i primer sa vrednostima magnetnog skalar potencijala cilindriĉnog stalnog magneta.
1. Koja su ograniĉenja za korišćenje metode konaĉnih elemenata?
2. Da li se korišćeni programski paket moţe koristiti za modelovanje induktivnosti sa feromagnetnim jezgrom?
3. Da li se korišćeni programski paket moţe koristiti I za prikaz dejstva stalnog magneta na induktivnost sa feromagnetnim
jezgrom, u kolu naizmeniĉne struje?
EC 4 Report
DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENT USE OF ELECTRICITY

Session Chairman: dr Ţeljko POPOVIĆ
ODS EPS Distribucija, Subotica, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija
Within the set deadline for submission of papers and based on the reviewers’ and reporters’ considerations, prihvaćeno je 24 papers
were accepted, out of which, 22 were accepted as papers and 2 as information. For the purpose of more efficient work within the
Session, the papers were grouped according to three subjects, covering the Preferential subjects Nos. 2 and 3 from the call for
papers:
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1. Integration of distributed power sources
The reporter is Dr. Predrag VIDOVIĆ, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia. In this subject were accepted 10 papers
radova, out of which 8 as papers and 1 as information.
2. Efficient use of electricity in load control
The reporter Stanko KNEŢEVIĆ, B.E.Eng., Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad, Serbia. In this subject were accepted 6
papers, out of which 6 as papers and 1 as information.
3. Smart Metres and remote measuring and control systems
The reporters are Boris HOLIK, B.E.Eng. and Saša MARĈETA, B.E.Eng., ODS EPS Distribution, Novi Sad, Serbia. In this
subject were accepted 7 papers as papers.
REPORT
Integration of distributed power sources
Reporter: dr Predrag VIDOVIĆ, Fakultat tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
R-4.01 INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION

NETWORK
Authors: M. ŠARIĆ, A. ĈOLAKOVIĆ, N. RAHIMIĆ, A. BOLOBAN
JP EP BiH d.d. Sarajevo, Podruţnica „Elektrodistribucija― Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina
The paper deals with power loss estimates and loss variations in the presence of distribution generators. The estimate was applied
in the real 10kV medium-voltage grid in Bosnia & Herzegovina in terms of load obtained from the AMI system.
1. What does DLF present and where is this indicator applied?
2. What is the advantage of the method proposed in the paper when compared to the existing papers in the field of planning,
which also take into account the impact of DGs on power losses?
R-4.02 THE IMPACT OF VARIABILITY PV DISTRIBUTED SOURCE ON VOLTAGE CONDITIONS OF LOW

VOLTAGE NETWORK
Authors: J. GAJOVIĆ, S. MIJAJLOVIĆ, EPCG, FC Distribucija, Montenegro
The paper deals with the variability impact of PV sources on voltages in the LV grid, based on the real example of suburban
substation area Podgorica. By using simulation tools for the electric power system, possibilities were presented for PV production in
the LV grid in accordance with the limits typical for normal operation of the electric power system.
1. How much are PV panels applied in distribution companies worldwide?
2. Does your company have PV panels?
3. What is the price of PV panels per kW?
R-4.03 MODELING AND SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS WITH LARGE NUMBER OF
THREE-PHASE INVERTER BASED DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS
L. STREZOSKI, V. KATIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
The paper gives an overview of ―Low Voltage Ride Through‖ requirements in some of the selected countries, and, and then, in terms
of such requirements proposes distributed generator models based on three-phase inverters (IZDG) in grid conditions with short
circuits. Accordingly, the models are integrated into the newly developed method for estimates of active distribution grid regime with
short circuits. The proposed models, integrated into the method for estimates of active distribution grid regime with short circuits
were verified on the IEEE 13 standard distribution test feeder with additional IZDG.
1. Is there any laboratory in Serbia where these results can be experimentally checked?
2. What is the impact of here described distributed sources on the values of short circuit currents?
R-4.04 ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH CONNECTED
MICRO AND MINI SOLAR POWER PLANT IN THE MUNICIPALITY TEŠANJ- BIH
Authors: S. JUSIĆ, F. BEGOVIĆ, JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo – Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, BiH
The paper deals with experimental research work concerning the operation of real low-voltage distribution grid with connected micro
and mini solar plants in the area of the municipality of Tešanj in Bosnia & Herzegovina.
1. Is there a limit concerning the total power of distributed production on the feeder, in relation to the consumption power on the
feeder?
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2. How long is it required to consider the investment in distributed sources to be paid off?
R-4.05 THE INCREASE OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CAPACITY FOR INTEGRATION OF

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
A. BOSOVIĆ, N. HASANSPAHIĆ, M. MEHOVIĆ, M. MUSIĆ
JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. – Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina
The paper analyzes the impacts of the functioning of existing DGs with a power capacity factor on the situation in the observed
electricity distribution grid – 10kV connection Grebak, Bosnia & Herzegovina.It also presents the results of analysis concerning the
transition of 10kV shunt Grebak to the 20kV voltage level with changes in power capacity of existing and future DGs.
1. Did the authors consider the total losses (power and energy) on a yearly basis concerning the considered line with and without
the presence of DGs, and if so, what were the results?
2. Is the presence of DGs in the MV grid taken into account in the author’s company from the standpoint of distribution grid
development scheduling (e.g. DG impact on cross-section reduction (of thermnal capacity) of lines/routes)?
R-4.06 THE INCREASE OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CAPACITY FOR INTEGRATION OF

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Authors: J. STANOJEVĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Serbia
Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu, Serbia
M. MITROVIĆ, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Serbia
A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Serbia
The paper gives an economic analysis of wind plant operation combined with CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage). The purpose
of the analysis is to demonstrate, through estimates using real data on wind velocity, the feasibility of such hybrid systems. The
optimization criterion is maximization of economic benefits of electricity produced in wind plants on the free market.
1. For what purposes can electricity storage in distribution grids be used with a large share of distributed production?
2. On the basis of which criteria can the optimal number, location and size of electricity storage in medium-voltage distribution
grids be defined?
R-4.07 THE INVESTMENT JUSTIFICATION ESTIMATE AND THE TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASPECSTS ANALYSIS
OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: D. MILIĆEVIĆ, B. DUMNIĆ, B. POPADIĆ, Z. ĈORBA, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Serbia
B. JANKOVIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Ogranak ―ED Zrenjanin‖, Serbia
The paper gives a techno-economic analysis of the terms of construction and feasibilty assessment of investment in solar
photovoltaic power plant in the Republic of Serbia. The analysis covered several groups of photovoltaic systems typically occurring in
practice. They are grouped according to installed capacity, place of assembly and subsidized buying prices of produced electricity.
1. What is the period covered in terms of climate values used in the analysis?
2. Can you compare the periods of investment pay-off is given in this analysis with some developed EU country? (e.g. Germany)?
What is the investment payability trend in this field in EU countries?
3. Are there any indications that prices of the main system elements (photovoltaic panel, inverter, battery...) will significantly drop
within the 5 following years?
R-4.08 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCES IN COMPLIANCEWITH THE FREE MARKET
Authors: J. KUŠIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Serbia
Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerziztet u Beogradu, Serbia
The paper deals with an analysis of correlation between the production profile and electricity price profile on the market, for two types
of intermittent renewble energy sources – wind power plant and solar power plant.
1. In which environment is the derived equation―CPM=POMj/POMavg― from the formula for calculating the correlation coeffiicient
applicable?
2. In the open market environment, is there a correlation coeffiicient value CPM below which it may be concluded that an individual
renewable energy source is not profitable?
3. From the standpoint of investor making investments into intermittent renewble electric energy sources, would merging the
production from different types of power plants into one virtual power plant achieve a more favourable correlation coeffiicient
CPM?
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R-4.09 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE SMALL HIDRO POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION
POSSIBILITIES ON RIVER FOJNICA-MUNICIPALITY VISOKO-BiH
Authors: S. JUSIĆ, E. HRNJIĆ, JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo – Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, BiH
The paper deals with the technical and economic aspects of possibilities for construction and operation of a small hydro power plant
(SHPP) on River Fojnica, on the territory of the Municipality of Visoko, as a distributed electricity source connected to the existing
infrastructure of the electricity distribution grid.
1. What would be the ivestment payback period for the described SHPP?
2. Were the construction costs of the connecting line and auxiliary equipment included in the investment costs of the SHPP, and if
not, how much would they increase the investment costs?
3. Were other benefits of SHPPs, mentioned in the aforesaid paper,also taken into account from the standpoint of benefit/cost
analysis, and if so, what is their share in the overall benefits?
I-4.10 INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION GRIDS

Authors: D. RIESENBERG, T. LINNEMANN, Bilfinger Mauell GmbH, Germany
The information demonstrates a possible concept of decentralized control in the low-voltage grid from the superimposed MV/LV
substation.
1. Was the SmartRTU concept, mentioned in the information, tested in the real distribution system?
Efficient use of electricity and load control
Reporter: Stanko KNEŢEVIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS NS, Novi Sad, Serbia
R-4.11 POSSIBILITY OF ENERGY SAVINGS BY THE CONTROL OF THE COOLING SYSTEM OF OIL-
IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS
Authors: Z. RADAKOVIĆ, U. RADOMAN, N. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Serbia
The paper gives a quantitative analysis and comparison between energy savings by reduced number of fan rotations and increased
losses resulting from increased temperature of windings in real transformers used in HV/MV substations.
1. Mow much can the uncertainty in respect of knowing the external conditions (e.g. air temperature, wind velocity, etc.) as well as
other input parametres used in calculations affect the results?
2. Which elements would be required (hardware and software) in order to apply the proposed approach in real electricity
distribution grids?
R-4.12 GENERAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF THE ECONOMIC CROSS SECTION OF
CABLES FOR CONNECTING WIND FARMS ON THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
Authors: A. ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Serbia
Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu, Serbia
The paper gives a general mathematical model for selection of the optimal cross section of cable lines connecting wind plants with
the distribution system. The model minimizes the total costs, taking into account the intermittence of wind power plant production and
thereby ensures maximum profit to the wind power plant owner.
1. Was an analysis made in respect of the sensitivity of obtained results, taking into account the stochastic nature of wind velocity,
the uncertainty in terms of future electricity price, the uncertainty in terms of ground parametres? What are, or what would be, to
the authors’ mind, the expected effects/results?
I-4.13 INSTALLATION OF POWER CABLES IN THE THERMAL INHOSPITABLE

Authors: D. MALEŠEVIĆ, ZP „Elektrokrajina― a.d. Banja Luka, Bosnia & Herzegovina
M. ZELJKOVIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― a.d. Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina
Z. JANKOVIĆ, ZP „Elektrokrajina― a.d. Banja Luka, Bosnia & Herzegovina
The information gives an overview of the methodology for estimating the maximum load of cables laid in thermally unfavourable
environments with comparatively short lengths (e.g. street crossing).
1. Is the model presented in this information applied on practical examples in companies where the authors are employed and
what are the obtained results?
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R-4.14 OPTIMAL CONTROL OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS WITH U SMART
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: D. KOTUR, J. MIKULOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Serbia
The paper analyzes optimal smart system control in one household. The household possesses a photovoltaic system as an
intermittent energy source. In addition thereto, the system is also connected to an external grid and accumulator battery. The
accumulator battery serves for storage of surplus energy which can be used later on. The consumers also has a possibility to buy
and sell electricity from the grid at a price which changes during the day with an hourly resolution. The purpose isto establish optimal
charge and discharge of accumulator batteries, and purchase and sale of electricity on the free market, in order to have minimum
total daily costs.
1. After changing the controllable part of load, it may be concluded from Fig. 4 and Fig. 8 that the new peak load is larger than the
initial one. Can the newly created regime compromise the thermal or other limitations in the external grid?
2. Can the newly formed load distribution given in Fig. 8 cause changes in the electricity price?
R-4.15 OPTIMAL DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT AND
ENERGY STORAGE
Authors: V. DURKOVIĆ, Univerzitet Crne Gore, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Montenegro; Univerzitet u Beogradu,
Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Serbia
N. RAJAKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Serbia
The paper deals with minimization of costs of accepted gas and electricity at market prices for a consumer (households) with
installed small photovoltaic power plant and microgeneration plant (MKP) whose primary energy sources is gas. The consumer also
has the possibility of consumption management and electric and thermal energy storage, as well as the possibility of selling
electricity at market prices.
1. Please explain in Fig.1, what thermal accumulation stands for.
2. Please explain in Fig. 7, what kind of limitation prevents the peak load from being at 5h, when the price of electricity is the
lowest.
3. Taking into account the single time factor, will the newly formed optimal distribution of consumption cause changes in the price
of electricity?
R-4.16 DECOMPOSITION OF DAILY LOAD DIAGRAM FOR MANAGING CONSUMPTION

Authors: A. JEVTIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Serbia
Ţ. JEVTIĆ, B. NIJEMĈEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija Beograd, Serbia
The paper deals with implementation of artificial neural grids in solving the issue of decomposition of daily consumptionj diagram of
some electricity distribution consumption area into certain categories of consumption, which is of great importance in the assessment
of controllable resources resources in the considered electricity distribution region.
1. For which daily load diagram level is the proposed decomposition done (level of one household, one MV/LV substation, one
regional LV/MV substation)?)
2. Were neural grids used in literature for the purpose of daily load diagram decomposition? What were the obtained results in
terms of accuracy and in comparison to other methods?
3. For which type of load control (direct load control, real-time pricing, time-of-use, etc.) can the proposed approach be used?
Smart Metres and remote measuring and control systems
Reporters: Boris HOLIK i Saša MARĈETA, ODS EPS Distribucija, Novi Sad, Serbia
R-4.17 ROUGH SET THEORY AS A TOOL FOR FRAUD DETECTION OF ELECTRICITY CUSTOMERS
Authors: J. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, Serbia
S. STANKOVIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Tehniĉki centar Niš, Serbia
M. DOĈIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Leskovac, Serbia
The paper deals with implementation of the theory of rough sets for revealing electricity thefts based on analyses of data concerning
customers from the available information system. On the basis of available data, the available approach forms characteristic profiles
of customers who had used electricity without authorization, and then identifies a set of suspicious customers with have such
identical profiles.
1. What impact would the AMI devices have in the above method for revealing thefts by customers?
2. Which methods for electricity theft estimates are used worldwide?
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3. Is the proposed technique applied in practice?
R-4.18 MEASURING POINT RELOCATION AT THE REGULATORY LINE AS A WAY TO REDUCE LOSSES
SHORT CONTENT
Authors: Z. SIMENDIĆ, N. KRKLJUŠ, R. NIKOLIĆ, M. VUKAS, L. GAJDOBRANSKI
„EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogr. Elektrodistribucija Sombor, Serbia
The paper deals with the effects of relocation of measuring points to the control line on the level of whole LV substation areas. It also
describes one of the defined methods of manipulations on the electricity metre.
1. Can manipulations on the electricity metre described in the paper be carried out without destroying the state seal on the
electricity metre?
2. In the example of ―Lenjinova‖ substation in Crvenka, what are the further steps for establishing the reasons of disbalance
between the invoiced energy and its flow in the actual substation?
3. What are the steps that the distribution system operator could take in order to ensure that data stored in the state of the art
microprocessor metre memory are considered to be relevant proof in court?
R-4.19 EFFECTS OF RELOCATION MEASURING POINTS

G. RADIĆ, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj, BiH
P. KUNDAĈINA, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Hercegovina― a.d. Trebinje, BiH
D. MILIĆEVIĆ, MH „ERS― MP a.d. Trebinje ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj, BiH
D. MURATOVIĆ, M ―ERS‖ MP a.d. Trebinje, BiH
The paper deals with a description of one way of performing measuring point relocation, as well as the effects of connection
relocation and reconstruction on the overall losses in electricity distribution.
1. What criterion was used when defining the points of measure for reconstruction and relocation?
2. Is it possible to quantify the effect on lower technical losses achieved by reconstruction of the distribution line connection
(application of appropriate clamps)?
3. What is the expected deadline for the return of financial resources concerning the examples given in the paper, assuming that
the number of relocated points of measure/remote measuring metres will preserve the last values in the former case, and that
the number thereof will be 100 per cent in the latter case?
R-4.20 DIAGRAM OF FLOW OF ACTIVITIES FOR REDUCING ELECTRIC POWER LOSSES

S. SARIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Sremska Mitrovica,
B. SARIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― Beograd Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia
The paper deals with the diagram of activities on reducing electricity losses, which was formed as a result of many years of work in
fighting against unauthorized consumption of electricity, as well as planning activities on reducing the technical and commercial
losses on the territory of the Electricity Distribution Subsidiary Sremska Mitrovica.
1. What were the reasons why the plans from 2003 and 2006 did not give the expected results?
2. What was the reason for stagnation of the trend of lower losses in period 2007 – 2010, Table 1?
3. Can you make an estimate of financial savings achieved through lower electricity losses in the observed period? Do you have
available data on the amount of resources invested in order to achieve such results?
4. Were the presented results achieved with the existing number of employees, or was required to outsource additional people in
order to complete these tasks? Were any additional changes in terms of organization required in order to deal with the
assignments more efficiently?
R-4.21 APPLICATION OF THERMAL IMAGERS AND ITS IMPACT IN ORDER TO LOCATE UNAUTHORIZED USE
OF ELECTRICITY AND REDUCING NON TECHNICAL - COMMERCIAL LOSSES FOR THE USER WHO IS
CONNECTED TO TS 10 / 0.4 KV LJUBIC VILLAGE
Author: M. RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, ODS EPS Distribucija, Serbia
The paper deals with application of thermovision camera for the purpose of locating unauthorized consumption of electricity and
reducing the non-technical – commercial losses in the part of LV grid in the rural region. It gives an analysis as well as a list of taken
measures in oorder to reduce losses, and presents the results obtained by applying such measures.
1. Do you believe that the thermovision camera is one of the indispensable devices which must be accessible to teams for
discovery of unauthorized consumption?
2. Was the impact of such action noted in the surrounding places, that is, was the trend of lower losses noted?
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3. Is regular implementation of such approach in tracking unauthorized consumption of electricity scheduled for the following
winter season?
R-4.22 EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN THE DETECTION OF UNAUTHORIZED

CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS AND LOSSES ON THE BASIS OF UNAUTHORIZED USE OF ELECTRICITY
Authors: R. ĐORĐEVIĆ, S.TUCAKOVIC, D.VASIĆ, ODS EPS Distribucija, Serbia
The paper deals with analyses of losses by 10/0.4 substations, based on which substation areas with higher losses are located and
accordingly also the consumers with unauthorized consumption of electricity. It also presents 2 typical examples of unauthorized
consumption of electricity (semi-indirect measuring) where different ways of unauthorized consumption of electricity can be seen.
The second part of the paper presents the effects of discovery of unauthorized consumption of electricity and the penal policy policy
concerning unauthorized consumption of electricity.
1. Can you clarify in more detail the sequence of steps after detection of damaged seals? Was the metre opened on the spot or
was the metre removed and analysis made subsequently? It is necessary that a court representative is present during this act?
Is a court expert witness required to test the metre?
2. Are the outcomes of criminal charges known? Were the billed penalties, given in the examples, successfully collected?
3. Do you believe that it is necessary to set stricter penal policy for such criminal offence? What is the penal policy for the same
criminal offence in the surrounding countries?
R-4.23 MODELLING OF PERMANENT MAGNET EFFECT

Authors: LJ. MLADENOVIĆ, ODS doo Beograd – ogranak Elektrodistribucija Zajeĉar, Serbia
D. RAPAIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije – Tehniĉki centar Niš – Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Zajeĉar, Serbia
The paper gives a description of modelling of of the spacial distribution of lines of the magnetic field of permanent magnet by
applying the finite element method (FEM). An example was also given with the values of magnetic scalar potential of cylindrical
permanent magnet..
1. What are the limitations for using the finite element method?
2. Can the used programme package be applied in modelling inductivity with ferromagnetic core?
3. Can the used programme package also be applied for presenting the permanent magnet effect on inductivity with ferromagnetic
core, in a.c. circuit?

R-4.01
UTICAJ DISTRIBUIRANE PROIZVODNJE NA GUBITKE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI
M. ŠARIĆ, A. ĈOLAKOVIĆ, N. RAHIMIĆ, A. BOLOBAN,

JP EP BiH d.d. Sarajevo, Podruţnica „Elektrodistribucija― Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina
U posljednjih nekoliko godina, process upravljanja i planiranja elektrodistributivnog sistem prolazi kroz znaĉajne promjene koje su
direktna posljedica strukturalnih, vlasniĉkih, regulatornih i tehnoloških promjena elektroenergetskog sektora u cjelini. Navedene
promjene donose znaĉajne prednosti ali i izazove kako za Operatore Distributivnog Sistema (ODS), tako i za kupce. Jedan od ovih
izazova jeste integracija Distribuiranih Generatora (DG) na udaljenim podruĉjima, sa niskom potrošnjom. U ovom radu opisani su
neki problemi koji se odnose na prikljuĉenje DG u Bosni i Hercegovini. Glavni cilj ovog rada jeste predstavljanje metodologije za
proraĉun uticaja prikljuĉenja DG na gubitke elektriĉne energije u elektrodistributivnoj mreţi. Primjer proraĉuna izvršen je na realnoj
srednjenaponskoj mreţi (10kV) mreţi u Bosni i Hercegovini, sa realnim podacima koji su prikupljeni sa AMI sistema tj. podacima o
opterećenju sistema i proizvodnji elektriĉne enrgije za razliĉite tehnologije (hidro, solarna i energija vjetra). U ovom radu,
kvantifikacija gubitaka elektriĉne energije izvršena je preko faktora distributivnih gubitaka, koji je izraĉunat na osnovu analize tokova
snaga. Oĉekuje se da ovaj rad ponudi doprinos ka boljem planiranju elektrodistributivne mreţe kao i boljem razumijevanju uticaja DG
na ekonomski aspekt elektroenergetskog sistema. Rezultati predstavljeni u ovom radu od znaĉaja su za ODS sa aspekta planiranja
mreţe kao i za Regulatore u smislu kreiranja energetske politike i tarifa.
Kljuĉne reĉi: distributivni sistem, gubici elektriĉne energije, faktor distributivnih gubitaka, planiranje, proizvodnja.
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INFLUENCE OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSSES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Management and planning of electric power distribution systems have changed dramatically in recent years due to regulatory,
structural, ownership and technological changes. While the new system organization has brought numerous advantages both to
customers and Distribution System Operators (DSO), a number of challenges remain yet to be solved. One such a challenge is a
connection of Distributed Generation (DG) in remote areas with low energy consumption. This paper is inspired by some practical
problems related to DG connection approval in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main objective of this paper is a calculation of the
electrical energy loss variations caused by DG. Calculations are performed on a realistic middle voltage (10 kV) network in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, with realistic system load data obtained from the AMI. The novelty of this approach compared to the exiting energy
loss quantification methods is the use of Distribution Loss Factor (DLF) concept and its allocation to each DG connection node. It is
expected that this paper will make a contribution towards investigation of the extent to which renewable sources contribute to the
overall cost of the network. The obtained results are useful to both the DSO, for distribution network and DG planning purposes, and
to the Regulators for energy policy and tariff design purposes.
Key words: distribution loss factor, distribution system, energy losses, generation, planning.
R-4.02
UTICAJ VARIJABILNOSTI PV DISTRIBUIRANIH IZVORA NA NAPONSKE PRILIKE NISKONAPONSKE MREŢE
Jelena GAJOVIĆ, Slobodanka MIJAJLOVIĆ

EPCG, FC Distribucija, Montenegro
Prikljuĉivanje fotonaponskih (PV) izvora na niskonaponsku (NN) mreţu neosporno sve više dobija na znaĉaju. PV izvor je obnovljivi
izvor energije, koji je komercijalan i pristupaĉan za privatno vlasništvo.
Jasan je javni interes za subvencije PV proizvodnje. PV izvori mogu doprinijeti smanjenju potreba za fosilnim gorivima i oĉuvanju
ţivotne sredine, kao i povećanju sigurnosti snabdijevanja.
Prikljuĉivanjem PV izvora na mreţu, njihovi vlasnici imaju mogućnost da obezbjede sopstvenu, besplatnu proizvodnju elektriĉne
energije i tako smanje potrebu za kupovinom energije od snabdjevaĉa. Osim toga, višak energije koju PV izvor proizvede u odnosu
na potrebe domaćinstva, biće otkupljen od vlasnika izvora i plasiran u mreţu.
PV sistem je varijabilni izvor energije, ĉiji uticaj na mreţu ne predstavlja prijetnju, sve dok je nivo proizvodnje dovoljno mali. MeĊutim,
povećanje udjela energije iz PV izvora prikljuĉivanjih kod krajnjih potrošaĉa izaziva znaĉajne promjene u NN mreţi. NN mreţa više
nije pasivna, dolazi do brzih promjena u tokovima snaga, a samim tim i do znaĉajnih promjena u naponskim prilikama.
U ovom radu biće predstavljen uticaj varijabilnosti PV izvora na naponske prilike u NN mreţi, na realnom primjeru prigradskog trafo
reona u Podgorici. Upotrebom simulacionog alata za EES, biće predstavljene mogućnosti PV proizvodnje u NN mreţi u skladu sa
granicama koje karakterišu normalan rad sistema.
Osnovni cilj rada je da pokaţe da PV izvor, iako varijabilan, moţe poboljšati naponske prilike NN mreţe i kvalitet snabdijevanja.
Analiza uticaja PV proizvodnje na naponske prilike je neophodna, kako bi se izbjegle negativne posljedice i omogućilo optimalno
korišćenje PV izvora.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Fotonaponski izvor, Varijabilnost proizvodnje, Niskonaponska mreţa.
THE IMPACT OF VARIABILITY PV DISTRIBUTED SOURCE ON VOLTAGE CONDITIONS OF LOW VOLTAGE NETWORK
Connecting the photovoltaic (PV) sources to the low voltage (LV) network undoubtedly becoming increasingly important. PV source
is a renewable energy source that is commercial and affordable for private property.
There is a clear public interest for subsidies the PV production. The PV sources can contribute to reducing the need for fossil fuels
and environmental protection, and increasing the security of supply.
By connecting PV sources to the grid, their owners have the ability to provide their own free power generation and so reduce the
need to purchase energy from suppliers. In addition, the excess energy produced by PV source with respect to the needs of
households, will be redeemed by the owner of the source and placed in the network.
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The PV system is a variable energy source, whose impact on the network is not a threat, as long as the level of production is small
enough. However, increasing the share of energy from PV sources connected at the final consumer causes significant changes in LV
network. NN network is no longer passive, there is a rapid change in the power flow, and hence significant changes in voltage
conditions.
This paper will be presented to the impact of variability of PV source on voltage conditions in LV network, in real-world example of
suburban substation area in Podgorica. Using a simulation tool for power system will be discussing the possibilities PV production in
the LV network in accordance with the limits which characterize the normal operation of the system.
The main objective of this paper is to show that PV source, though variable, can improve the voltage profile of LV network and
quality of supply. Analysis of the impact of PV production on voltage conditions is necessary in order to avoid negative
consequences and ensure optimum use of PV sources.
Keywords: Photovoltaic source, Production variability, Low voltage network.
R-4.03
MODELOVANJE I PRORAĈUN KRATKIH SPOJEVA DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA S DISTRIBUIRANIM GENERATORIMA

ZASNOVANIM NA TROFAZNIM INVERTORIMA /
Luka STREZOSKI, Vladimir KATIĆ, Boris DUMNIĆ

Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
U ovom radu je predloţena procedura za proraĉun reţima aktivnih distributivnih mreţa s kratkim spojevima. Tradicionalne
distributivne mreţe su bile pasivne u smislu da u njima nije bilo proizvodnje elektriĉne energije. Njihova jedina uloga je bila da se
energija preuzeta iz napojnih transformatorskih stanica distribuira do njenih potrošaĉa. Modelovanje i proraĉuni takvih mreţa
utvrĊeni su i koriste se u elektroprivredi više desetina godina. Poslednjih godina se znaĉajno povećava instalacija distribuiranih
generatora (DG) u tim mreţama. Zato su današnje distributivne mreţe aktivne. To je suštinski razlog što se tradicionalno
modelovanje i proraĉunavanje ne moţe primeniti na moderne aktivne distributivne mreţe. Najveći broj modernih DG su obnovljivi
kao što su oni s pogonom na sunce i vetar. Ti DG su najĉešće zasnovani na invertorima (IZDG). Pošto su ti DG trofaznim
invertorima raspregnuti od mreţe, njihovi modeli su zasnovani na podešenju invertora a ne na samim mašinama. Zato ti DG u
distributivnoj mreţi ne mogu biti modelovani kao tradicionalni sinhroni i asinhroni generatori. Zavisno od specifiĉnih zahteva razliĉitih
zemalja, invertori IZDG mogu biti podešeni na razliĉite naĉine. Najveći broj razvijenih zemalja imaju svoje sopstvene propise mreţne
propise (Grid Codes) sa striktno odreĊenim pravilima o odzivu IZDG u sluĉajevima kratkih spojeva na bilo kojim mestima mreţa. U
najvećem broju sluĉajeva se zahteva da IZDG ostanu na mreţi sve vreme trajanja kratkih spojeva. Ovo pravilo je poznato kao „Low
Voltage Ride Through‖ (LVRT). U ovom radu su predloţeni modeli IZDG u uslovima kratkih spojeva. Oni su zasnovani na prethodno
navedenim mreţnim pravilima i zahtevima LVRT razvijenih zemalja. Saglasno s tim, modeli su integrisani u nedavno razvijene
metode za proraĉun reţima aktivnih distributivnih mreţa s kratkim spojevima. Oni su verifikovani na distributivnim mreţama velikih
dimenzija s velikom koliĉinom IZDG. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da se predloţeni modeli mogu uspešno koristiti u velikom broju
ostalih energetskih aplikacija distributivnih menadţment sistema kao što su: Podešavanje i koordinacija relejne zaštite, Izbor zaštitne
opreme (prekidaĉa i osiguraĉa), Projektovanje opreme, Restauracija napajanja, VoĊenje mreţe u uslovima kvara itd.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Distributivni sistemi, distribuirani generatori, distributivni menadzment sistem, proracun kratkih spojeva.
MODELING AND SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEMS WITH LARGE NUMBER OF THREE-PHASE INVERTER BASED DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS
A procedure for calculation of modern active distribution systems with short-circuits is presented in this paper. Traditional distribution
systems were passive and no energy was produced there. The single role of the distribution system was to distribute energy from the
supply substations to the consumers. Both modeling and calculations regarding these systems are well established and used for
decades in the power industry. However, recent years have witnessed increasing penetration of distributed generators (DGs).
Therefore, these systems have become active. Thus, calculation and modeling of the modern active distribution systems cannot be
performed in a traditional way. Most of the modern DGs use renewable energy sources, such as sun and wind. These DGs are in
most cases three-phase inverter based (IBDGs). As their generators are decoupled from the grid by three-phase inverters, their
models are dependent on the inverters’ settings and not on the machines themselves. Therefore, in the system with short-circuit,
IBDGs cannot be modeled as traditional synchronous or induction generators. The IBDGs’ inverters can be set in different ways,
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depending on the specific requirements of different countries. Most of the developed countries have their own Grid Codes with
strictly defined rules of how should IBDGs react in the case of short-circuit anywhere in the grid. In most cases it is required that
IBDGs remain connected to the grid throughout the whole duration of the short-circuit. This requirement is known as a Low Voltage
Ride Through (LVRT). In this paper, short-circuit models for IBDGs are developed based on the Grid Codes of the several most
developed countries and their LVRT requirements. Consequently, these models are integrated in the recently developed real-time
short-circuit calculation method for active distribution systems. They are tested on large-scale distribution systems including high
quantity of IBDGs. The results show that these models can be successfully used in short-circuit calculations for numerous power
applications in distribution management system, such as Relay protection settings and coordination, Protection equipment (circuit
breakers and fuses) selection, Equipment design, Supply restoration, Fault management, etc. Index Terms—Distribution system,
distributed generation, distribution management system, short-circuit calculation.
Keywords: Distribution system, distributed generation, distribution management system, short-circuit calculation.
R-4.04
ANALIZA RADA ELEKTROENERGETSKIH DISTRIBUTIVNIH NISKONAPONSKIH MREŢA SA PRIKLJUĈENIM MIKRO I MINI

SOLARNIM ELEKTRANAMA NA PODRUĈJU OPŠTINE TEŠANJ-BiH
Sakib JUSIĆ, Fadil BEGOVIĆ

JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo – Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, BiH
Bez obzira na odreĊene prepreke koje još uvijek stoje na putu provedbe projekata obnovljivih izvora energije, današnje okruţenje i
uslovi u BiH zasigurno su znatno povoljniji od onih prije nekoliko godina. Donesene zakonske odredbe kojima se utvrĊuje obaveza
preuzimanja elektriĉne energije proizvedene iz obnovljivih izvora energije prema zajamĉenim tarifama sasvim sigurno doprinosi sve
većem interesu kako domaćih tako i stranih investitora za projekte obnovljivih izvora energije s jedne strane, te proizvoĊaĉa opreme,
projektanata i izvoĊaĉa s druge strane.
Upravo su poticajne otkupne cijene proizvedene elektriĉne energije i glavni razlog zbog ĉega se novoizgraĊene solarne elektrane u
našem okruţenju iskljuĉivo prikljuĉuju kao distribuirani izvori na elektroenergetsku distributivnu mreţu.Tako se samo u
elektroenergetskoj distributivnoj mreţi Općine Tešanj trenutno u punom pogonu nalazi osam mikro i mini solarnih elektrana.
Mreţnim pravilima i vaţećim propisima i normama definisane su granice unutar kojih operator distributivnog sistema mora odrţavati
kvalitet isporuĉene elektriĉne energije. Distribuirani izvori, ako su pravilno dimenzionisani, mogu
popraviti elektriĉne prilike u mreţi. MeĊutim, većina distribuiranih izvora je finansirana od strane privatnih investitora koji sami
definišu tip, lokaciju i snagu elektrane gledajući pri tome iskljuĉivo vlastitu finansijsku dobit. Pošto je prema vaţećim zakonskim
odredbama distributer obavezan preuzeti svu energiju proizvedenu iz obnovljivih izvora, nuţno je za razvoj distributivne mreţe što
preciznije odrediti uticaj distribuiranih izvora na elektriĉne prilike u mreţi, kako bi se potrošaĉima mogla isporuĉiti elektriĉna energija
zadovoljavajućeg kvaliteta, vodeći pri tome raĉuna da se gubici elektriĉne energije svedu na minimum.
U ovom radu je na konkretnim primjerima na podruĉju Opštine Tešanj izvršena analiza rada elektroenergetskih distributivnih
niskonaponskih mreţa sa prikljuĉenim mikro i mini solarnim elektranama, na osnovu koje se mogu odrediti smjernice za prikljuĉenje
budućih distribuiranih izvora na postojeću elektroenergetsku infrastrukturu.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: obnovljivi izvori energije, solarna elektrana, elektroenergetska distributivna niskonaponska mreţa, distribuirana
proizvodnja elektriĉne energije.
ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS WITH CONNECTED MICRO AND MINI
SOLAR POWER PLANT IN THE MUNICIPALITY TEŠANJ- BIH
Regardless of the particular obstacles that still stand in the way of implementation of renewable energy projects, today's environment
and conditions in BiH are certainly more favorable than those a few years ago. Passed legislation establishing the obligation
takeover of electricity produced from renewable energy sources to feed-in tariffs certainly contributes to the increasing interest of
both domestic and foreign investors in renewable energy projects on the one hand, and equipment manufacturers, designers and
contractors on the other.
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It was the incentive purchase price of electricity produced, and the main reason why the newly built solar power plants in our
environment exclusively connected as distributed sources to the electricity distribution network. Thus, only in the power distribution
network of Tešanj currently in full operation are eight micro and mini solar power plants.
Grid Code and applicable regulations and standards are defined by the limits within which the distribution system operator shall
maintain the quality of supplied electricity. Distributed sources, if they are appropriately sized, can repair of electrical network
condition. However, most distributed sources is financed by private investors who themselves define the type, location and severity
of the plant, looking at it purely their own financial gain. Since the applicable legal provisions distributor required to download all
energy produced from renewable sources, it is essential for the development of the distribution network as precisely determine the
impact of distributed power sources to the opportunities in the network, to consumers could deliver electricity satisfactory quality,
taking into account that electricity losses to a minimum. In this paper, the specific examples in the municipality Tešanj analysis of
labor power distribution low voltage networks connected with micro and mini solar power plants, based on which they can set
guidelines for future connection of distributed sources to the existing power supply infrastructure.
Key words: renewable energy sources, solar power plant, power distribution low voltage network, distributed generation.
R-4.05
POVEĆANJE KAPACITETA ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNE MREŢE ZA INTEGRACIJU DISTRIBUIRANIH GENERATORA

Adnan BOSOVIĆ, Nedţad HASANSPAHIĆ, Mirsad MEHOVIĆ, Mustafa MUSIĆ
JP Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. – Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
Već duţi niz godina primijetan je globalni trend povećanja broja i snage distribuiranih generatora (DG) koji se prikljuĉuju na
elektrodistributivne mreţe. Ovaj trend je prisutan i u Bosni i Hercegovini, posebno nakon uvoĊenja sistema poticaja za proizvodnju
elektriĉne energije iz obnovljivih izvora energije. Kao jedan od Operatora distributivnog sistema u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine, JP
Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. – Sarajevo (JP EP BiH) već dugi niz godina prikljuĉuje i vrši pogon DG-a u svojim elektrodistributivnim
mreţama. U nekim elektrodistributivnim mreţama su meĊutim već dostignuti maksimalni kapaciteti po pitanju integracije DG-a te je
potrebno analizirati mogućnosti za povećanje kapaciteta ovih mreţa. U ovom radu je ova analiza uraĊena na 10 kV odvodu Grebak,
koji je sa ukupno 128km vodova (28km kablova) najduţi srednjenaponski odlaz u elektrodistributivnom sistemu JP EP BiH. Na ovom
odvodu su trenutno prikljuĉena ĉetiri DG-a ukupne snage 2070kW. Pri pogonu ovog odvoda sa postojećim DG-ima primijećeni su
znaĉajni problemi u vidu nedozvoljenih vrijednosti napona izvan dozvoljenih granica od ±10%. Na ovom odvodu nije moguće
prikljuĉiti planiranih novih pet DG-a ukupne snage 2153kW, bez daljeg narušavanja naponskih prilika. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati
mogućnosti povećanja kapaciteta ove mreţe pomoću dvije mjere: prelazak na 20kV naponski nivo i upravljanje faktorom snage DG-
a sa sinhronim generatorima. Ovaj rad analizira uticaj ove dvije mjere na naponske prilike, aktivne gubitke snage te opterećenje
elemenata mreţe. Analiza je uraĊena u profesionalnom softverskom alatu za analizu elektroenergetskih mreţa PowerCAD. Rezultati
analize za postojeću 10kV mreţu pokazuju da je promjenom faktora snage postojećih DG-a moguće sniziti napone, ali uz negativan
uticaj na povećanje aktivnih gubitaka snage. Rezultati analize nakon prelaska mreţe na 20kV napon pokazuju da se tada na mreţu
mogu prikljuĉiti svi planirani DG-i, uz zadovoljavajuće naponske prilike i bez preopterećenja elemenata mreţe, te uz smanjenje
aktivnih gubitaka snage u mreţi. Definisanjem najpovoljnijeg faktora snage DG-a u 20kV mreţi moguće je dodatno sniziti napone i
smanjiti aktivne gubitke snage. Zakljuĉak je da se prelaskom na 20kV naponski nivo i upravljanjem faktorom snage DG-a moţe
znaĉajno povećati kapacitet mreţe za integraciju DG-a.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: distribuirani generator, elektrodistributivna mreţa, profil napona, gubici snage.
THE INCREASE OF ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CAPACITY

FOR INTEGRATION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
A global trend of increase in number and installed power of distributed generators (DG) in the electricity distribution networks can be
observed in the past several years. This trend can also be observed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially after the subsidies for the
production of electricity from renewable energy sources have been introduced. As one of the Distribution system operators in the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Pubic Electric Utility Elektroprivreda of Bosnia and Herzegovina d.d. – Sarajevo (JP EP BiH)
has been connecting and operating DG’s in its electricity distribution networks for many years. However, for some of these
distribution networks the maximum capacity for DG integration has been reached and therefore analysis of possible increase in
distribution network capacity are needed. In this paper this analysis has been done for the 10kV feeder Grebak, which is 128km long
in total (28 km of cables) and is the longest medium voltage feeder in the distribution system of JP EP BiH. This feeder currently has
four DG’s with total installed power of 2070kW connected to it. During the operation of this feeder with existing DG’s, significant
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problems regarding the violation of voltage limits of ±10% have been noticed. On this feeder it is not possible to connect the new five
planned DG’s with installed power of 2153kW, without further violations of voltage limits. Goal of this paper is to analyse the
possibilities of increasing the network capacity with two actions: transition to 20kV voltage level and control of power factor of DG’s
with synchronous generators. This paper analyses the impact of these two actions on the voltages, active power losses and loading
of network components. This analysis has been done in the professional software tool for the analysis of electricity networks
PowerCAD. The results of the analysis for10 kV network show that the change of power factor of existing DG’s can lead to lower
voltage values, but it leads to an increase in active power losses. The results of the analysis after the transition of the network to 20
kV voltage level show that it is than possible to connect all the planned DG’s, with voltages within the allowed limits and without the
overloading of network components, also with a positive effect in terms of decrease of active power losses. Operation of DG’s with
the most favorable power factor in 20kV network can lead to further decrease of the voltage values as well as the reduction of active
power losses. The conclusion is that the capacity of distribution networks for integration of DG’s can be significantly increased by the
transition to 20kV voltage level and by control of power factor of DG’s.
Key words: distributed generation, electricity distribution network, voltage profile, power losses.
R-4.06
SKLADIŠTENJE ENERGIJE KAO PODRŠKA INTEGRACIJI VETROELEKTRANA U ELEKTROENERGETSKI SISTEM
Jelena STANOJEVĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Ţeljko ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd,
Miloš MITROVIĆ, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Ana ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija
Rad se bavi jednim od glavnih problema sa kojim se suoĉava elektroenergetski sistem usled integracije velikog broja vetroelektrana.
Prozivodnja vetroelektrana, kao i drugih obnovljivih izvora energije, je intermitentnog karaktera i u velikoj meri je nepredvidiva na
dnevnom i sezonskom nivou, što predstavlja veliki izazov za odrţavanje stabilnost i pouzdanosti elektroenergetskog sistema. Jedno
od rešenja, koje u poslednje vreme dobija sve više na znaĉaju, jeste skladištenje elektriĉne energije. U radu je izvršena analiza rada
vetroelektrane u kombinaciji sa sistemom za skladištenje energije primenom programskog paketa MATLAB. Analizirane su razliĉite
šeme hibridnog sistema vetroelektrana i sistema za skladištenje sa komprimovanim vazduhom (CAES). UporeĊeni su sluĉajevi kada
vetroelektrana radi sa i bez sistema za skladištenje, i razmotrene razliĉite opcije za optimizaciju njihovog rada. Kao kriterijum za
optimizaciju uzeto je povećanje ekonomske dobiti pri plasmanu energije dobijene iz vetra na slobodnom trţištu. Posmatran je profil
porizvodnje vetroelektrane kao i odgovarajuće satne cene elektriĉne energije na evropskoj berzi. Princip rada sistema se zasniva na
skladištenju elektriĉne energije u perodima sa niskom cenom (noćni sati) a plasiranju na trţište u periodima sa najvišom cenom.
Kljuĉne reĉi: obnovljivi izvori energije; vetroelektrane; sistemi za skladistenje energije;
ENERGY STORAGE IN SUPPORT TO THE INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER SYSTEM
This paper deals with one of the major problems modern power system are facing due to increasing installation of wind farms. Power
production from the wind farms, as well as from other renewable energy sources, is intermittent in nature and to a large degree
unpredictable on a daily and seasonal basis, which represents a major challenge for system stability and reliability. One of the
solutions, which is recently gaining more and more importance, is the energy storage system. The analysis of the combined
operation of wind farm and energy storage system is carried out in this paper with the use of software package MATLAB. Different
combinations of the wind farm and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems are analyzed. Cases of wind farm operating
with and without energy storage system are compared and various options to optimize work of this hybrid system are discussed.
Maximizing the profit when selling energy from wind farms on an open market was taken as an optimization criteria. Wind farm
production on an hourly basis is considered together with the corresponding market price during that hour. The operational principle
is based on storing the electricity in the periods with low electricity price (night hours), and selling during the peak hours.
Keywords: Renewable energy sources; wind farms; energy storage systems.
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R-4.07
ANALIZA TEHNO-EKONOMSKIH USLOVA IZGRADNJE I OCENA OPRAVDANOSTI ULAGANJA U SOLARNE

FOTONAPONSKE ELEKTRANE U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Dragan MILIĆEVIĆ, Boris DUMNIĆ, Bane POPADIĆ, Zoltan ĈORBA, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, Srbija
Branislav JANKOVIĆ, EPS Distribucija, Ogranakak ―ED Zrenjanin‖, Srbija
Primena solarne energije za konverziju u elektriĉnu putem fotonaponskih (FN) sistema predstavlja jednu od najsavremenijih
tehnologija korišćenja obnovljivih izvora energije kojom se obezbeĊuje delimiĉna substituciju fosilnih goriva i smanjenje emisije
štetnih gasova u atmosferu. Kao takvi, FN sistemi tj. fotonaponske elektrane predstavljaju adekvatno rešenje koje ima punu podršku
kako u zakonima i pratećim aktima Republike Srbije, tako i u direktivama Evropske Unije.
Povoljni klimatološki aspekti za eksploataciju fotonaponskih sistema predstavljaju znaĉajan potencijal u Republici Srbiji. Intenzitet
sunĉeve radijacije u Srbiji je meĊu najvećima u Evropi i kreće se izmeĊu 1250 kWh/m2 na severu do oko 1400 kWh/m2 na jugu za
ravnu horizontalnu površinu. Za površine koje imaju optimalanu inklinaciju prema Suncu, ove vrednosti se povećavaju na 1400
kWh/m2 do oko 1800 kWh/m2.
Uopšteno, FN sistemi se prema mestu izgradnje razvrstavaju u dve grupe i to one koji se instaliraju na krovu i one koji se instaliraju
na zemlji. U skladu sa aktuelnom pravno-tehniĉkom regulativom Republike Srbije, tretman FN sistema se razlikuje kako po pitanjima
pravila gradnje, tako i po merama podsticaja za izgradnju pojedinaĉnih sistema. Za sisteme koji se grade na krovu podsticajna mera
opada sa povećanjem snage dok je za sisteme koji se grade na zemlji ona fiksna bez obzira na snagu elektrane. Definisanje pravila
gradnje i definisanje uslova i mera podsticaja razliĉitih FN sistema obraĊeneo je zasebnim zakonskim aktima u Republici Srbiji.
Poseban aspekt u izgradnji FN sistema u Republici Srbiji se odnosi na tehniĉka rešenja integracije odnosno prikljuĉenja ovakvih
sistema na distributivni sistem elektriĉne energije (DSEE). Tehniĉkim dokumentom kojim se obraĊuje ova tematika, FN sistemi se
meĊusobno razvrstavaju prema instalisanoj snazi te se u skladu sa ovim kriterijumom predlaţe naĉin prikljuĉenja ovih sistema na
DSEE.
Svi navedeni pravni, ekonomski i tehniĉki aspekti odreĊuju vrednost investicije u odgovarajući FN sistem. Kako bi se došlo do, što je
moguće preciznijeg, odgovora na pitanje o opravdanosti ulaganja u FN sisteme u Republici Srbiji, ovim rad su obraĊene tehno-
ekonomske analize nekoliko razliĉitih konceptualnih rešenja fotonaponskih sistema. Podela analiziranih sistema je uraĊena prama
relevantnim aspektima, a u skladu sa aktuelnom pravnom i tehniĉkom regulativom u Republici Srbiji. Vodeći se ovom podelom,
analizirano je nekoliko razliĉitih krovnih sistema i sistema koji se instaliraju na zemlji. Sistemi koji pripadaju jednoj od ove dve grupe
se meĊusobno razlikuju po snazi, pretpostavljenim tehniĉkim aspektima prikljuĉenja, te prema koncepciji prikladne tehniĉke
realizacije. Kao finalni zakljuĉak, analiza daje odgovor na pitanje opravdanosti ulaganja u ovakve sisteme u Republici Srbiji.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Tehno-ekonomska analiza, Fotonaponska elektrana, fotonaponski sistem, konverzija solarne u elektriĉnu energiju.
THE INVESTMENT JUSTIFICATION ESTIMATE AND THE TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASPECSTS ANALYSIS OF

PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
The conversion of solar energy to electrical, with the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems, is one of the fastest rising and most
advanced technology for the use of renewable energy sources (RES). More than some other technologies, PV systems allow partial
substitution of fossil fuels and the reduction of harmful gases emission in the atmosphere. In that regard, these systems are not only
fully supported by the European Union directives, but also by the legislation and acts of Republic of Serbia.
With solar irradiation on a horizontal plane between 1250kWh/m2 in the north and about 1400kWh/m2 in the southern parts, Republic
of Serbia has significant solar potential and suitable climate for exploitation of PV system. The optimally inclined planes can have the
yearly sum of global irradiation between 1400kWh/m2 to 1800 kWh/m2.
In general, PV systems can be split into roof mounted PV systems and ground mounted PV systems. Currently, in the technical and
legal legislation of Republic of Serbia, individual systems may have different construction requirements and even incentive
measures. For roof mounted PV systems, the incentive measure (feed-in tariff) decreases with the system power increase, while for
the ground mounted systems it is fixed for all power ranges. The construction requirements and the eligibility conditions for incentive
measures are defined in separate legal acts of Republic of Serbia.
Specific aspect of PV system construction in Republic of Serbia refers to the technical solutions for PV system integration in the
distribution network. The Electricity Distribution Grid Code, document addressing this issue, divides the PV systems in relation to the
installed power and suggests the connection methodology accordingly.
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All specified legal, economical and technical aspects determine the PV system investment value. In order to estimate the investment
justification for PV system in Republic of Serbia as precisely as possible, this paper presents the techno-economical analysis for
several different PV system concepts. Analyzed systems have been classified in accordance with relevant aspects of current legal
and technical legislation in Republic of Serbia. In that regard, several different roof mounted and ground mounted systems have
been analyzed. Systems with same mounting location differ in regard to the installed power, assumed technical requirements for
connection and system concept. As the conclusion, the paper offers the answer to the important investment justification question for
PV systems in Republic of Serbia.
Key words: techno-economical analysis, PV plant, PV systems, solar-to-electric energy conversion.
R-4.08
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA EKONOMIĈNOSTI INTERMITENTNIH OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE

U USLOVIMA SLOBODNOG TRŢIŠTA
Jelena KUŠIĆ, JP Elektromreţa Srbije, Beograd

Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Beograd
Proizvodnja iz obnovljivih izvora energije se ne moţe planirati jer je diktirana varijacijama primarnog energenta (insolacija, vetar,
protok vode). U postojećim uslovima subvencionisana cena, po modelu Fid in Tariff, garantuje cenu proizvedene elektriĉne energije
obnovljivog izvora nezavisno od doba dana u kojem je ta proizvodnja ostvarena. U perspektivnim uslovima svi izvori biće
ravnopravni na berzi elektriĉne energije. U takvim trţišnim uslovima, prihod po proizvedenom MWh elektriĉne energije zavsiće od
perioda u kojem je ta proizvodnja ostvarena. Ekonomiĉnost obnovljivog izvora neće zavisiti samo od toga koliko je neka elektrana
proizvela elektriĉne energije već i kada je ta proizvodnja ostvarena. U ovom radu biće analizirani tipiĉni sezonski i dnevni dijagrami
proizvodnje vetroelektrana, solarnih elektrana i malih hidroelektrana. Analiza dijagrama proizvodnje biće uraĊena na osnovu realnih
mernih podataka. Na osnovu utvrĊenih dijagrama proizvodnje i profila cene elektriĉne energije na berzi biće utvrĊena ralativna
vrednost proizvedenog MWh za svaki od analiziranih izvora.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Vetroelektrane, solarne elektrane, male hidroelektrane, dnevni dijagram proizvodnje, trţište elektriĉne energije.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMY INTERMITTENT RENEWABLE ENERGY IN TERMS OF FREE MARKET
Generation from renewable energy sources can not be planned because it depends on variations of primary power (radiation, wind,
water flow). In the present circumstances subsidized price, based on the Feed in Tariff model, guarantees the price of electricity
generated from renewable sources independently of the time of day in which this production was realized. In perspective terms, all
sources of electricity energy will be equal on the power exchange. In such market conditions, revenue per generated MWh of
electricity will be dictated by the period in which this production was realized. Cost effectiveness of renewable sources will not
depend only on the quantities of generated electricity but, also from the time when this generation was realized. This paper analyzed
the typical seasonal and daily diagrams of production of wind turbines, solar power plants and small hydropower plants. Diagram of
production will be analyzed using real measurement data. The relative value of produced MWh for each of the analyzed sources will
be based on this diagrams of production and on profiles of electricity prices on the power exchange.
Keywords: Wind power, solar power, small hydropower plants, the daily diagram of production, electricity market.
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R-4.09
TEHNIĈKI I EKONOMSKI ASPEKTI MOGUĆNOSTI IZGRADNJE MALE HIDROELEKTRANE

NA RIJECI FOJNICI-OPŠTINA VISOKO-BiH
Sakib JUSIĆ, Emir HRNJIĆ

JP ―Elektroprivreda BiH‖ d.d. Sarajevo – Podruţnica ―Elektrodistribucija‖ Zenica, BiH
Globalno posmatrano, moţe se reći da je tehnološki razvoj civilizacije došao do kraja jedne epohe, kada više fosilna goriva,
konvencionalni ili neobnovljivi izvori energije ne mogu biti osnova za planiranje budućeg razvoja i kada se postavlja pitanje – šta
dalje?
Odgovor se svodi na razvijanje metode štednje i efikasnog korištenja postojećih energetskih resursa, s jedne strane, i uvoĊenje
novih izvora energije i intenziviranje rada na usavršavanju, korištenju i pronalaţenju novih, kako ih još zovemo, alternativnih,
obnovljivih ili distribuiranih izvora energije, s druge strane.
Usmjeravanje na korištenje obnovljivih energetskih izvora je u svijetu afirmisano brojnim konvencijama i operacionalizovano mnogim
programima, strategijama i planovima. Hidroenergija je veoma fleksibilan obnovljivi izvor energije i sve je više zastupljena.Poseban
znaĉaj, danas se u svijetu pridaje malim hidroelektranama, kao veoma znaĉajnim i vrlo atraktivnim objektima, koji, kao obnovljivi
energetski izvor, mogu predstavljati znaĉajan dopunski resurs elektriĉne energije jedne drţave. Male hidroelektrane (MHE), posebno
na podruĉju Bosne i Hercegovine ĉiji vodotokovi nisu dovoljno iskorišteni, nude velike mogućnosti za ulaganje i razvoj. Jedan od
takvih neiskorištenih hidropotencijala predstavlja i vodotok rijeke Fojnice na teritoriji Opštine Visoko.
U ovom radu razmatraju se tehniĉki i ekonomski aspekti mogućnosti izgradnje i eksploatacije MHE na rijeci Fojnici, na podruĉju
Opštine Visoko, instalisane snage 250-500 kW, kao distribuiranog izvora elektriĉne energije prikljuĉenog na postojeću infrastrukturu
elektroenergetske distributivne mreţe.
Polazeći od pretpostavke da su sve zakonom propisane saglasnosti i dozvole ishodovane, na bazi ulaznih parametara
hidroenergetskog potencijala rijeke Fojnice izvršen je proraĉun instalisane snage i elektriĉne energije kao temeljnih parametara
opravdanosti izgradnje predmetne MHE.
Zatim su definisani tip i atributi postrojenja MHE, te vodozahvata sa dovodnim kanalom. Za ovu MHE preferira se turbina potopljene
izvedbe ugraĊena u dovodni kanal.
U radu se razmatra i mogući uticaj na okolinu i prezentiraju se sve moguće prepreke koje se mogu pojaviti u pripremi, realizaciji i
eksploataciji predmetne MHE.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: obnovljivi izvori energije, hidropotencijal, mala hidroelektrana,distribuirani izvori elektriĉne energije, vodna turbine.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE SMALL HIDRO POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POSSIBILITIES ON
RIVER FOJNICA-MUNICIPALITY VISOKO-BiH
Globally speaking, it can be said that the technological development of civilization has reached the end of an era when more fossil
fuels, conventional or non-renewable energy sources can not be a basis for planning future development, and when the question is -
what next? The answer boils down to developing methods of saving and efficient use of existing energy resources, on the one hand,
and the introduction of new energy sources and the intensification of work on the development, use and finding new, as we call
them, alternative, renewable or distributed energy sources, on the other hand . Focusing on the use of renewable energy sources in
the world affirmed numerous conventions and operationalized many programs, strategies and plans. Hydropower is the most flexible
renewable energy source and is more and more present. Particular importance, today the world is given to small hydro power plants,
as a very important and very attractive facilities, which, as a renewable energy source, can represent a significant additional
resource of electricity of a state. Small hydropower plants (SHP), especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose headwaters are not
used enough, offer great opportunities for investment and development. One such unused hydro potential is the watercourse of the
river Fojnica in the municipality of Visoko. This paper discusses the technical and economic aspects of the possibilities of building
and exploitation of SHP on the river Fojnica, in the municipality of Visoko, with installed capacity of 250-500 kW, as a distributed
source of electricity connected to the existing infrastructure of electricity distribution networks. Assuming that all statutory approvals
and permits obtained on, based on input parameters hydropower potential of the river Fojnica carried a budget of installed capacity
and electricity as basic parameters justification construct the SHP. Then defined type and attributes plant SHP, and the water intake
with supply channel. For this SHP preferred submerged turbine performance built into the delivery channel. The paper discusses the
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possible impact on the environment and present all possible obstacles that may arise in the design, implementation and operation of
the respective SHP.
Key words: renewable energy sources, hydropower potential, small hydropower plants, distributed energy resources, hydro turbine
I-4.10
INTELIGENTNO UPRAVLJANJE DISTRBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA

INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF DISTRIBUTION GRIDS
Dirk RIESENBERG, T. LINNEMANN,

―Bilfinger Mauell GmbH‖, Germany
Over the last several years, Europe’s energy supply systems have undergone fundamental changes, with drastic effects especially
for the generation of electrical energy: centralized generation is increasingly replaced by decentralized generation of renewable
energy. The existing medium and low voltage supply grids however, were not designed nor prepared to cope with the problems that
may result from the volatile, decentralized feed-in of renewable energy, such as voltage band violation, maintaining voltage stability,
and equipment overload. To meet these challenges, a self-sustaining monitoring and control system for the low voltage grid has
been developed. This system monitors the low voltage grid’s infeed and power flow situation and controls individual decentralized
generating units and consumer loads to compensate for any instability. The system’s core component is a new and cost-effective
control unit (Smart RTU) installed in the distribution substation of the low voltage grid. The control unit communicates with the control
sensors and actuators positioned in the grid at only a small number of critical points. Merely 10% to 15% of the network nodes and
feed-in stations need actually to be equipped. A newly developed power flow algorithm computes the grid status and determines
possible changes in the grid topology, forming the basis for an intelligent, secure and self-sustaining grid control in real-time. This
innovative project has already received several awards. Amongst others, it received the Hessian States price for intelligent energy in
the category \"energy grids\" and was appraised to be a very innovative alternative to conventional grid extension measures by the
German Commission for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies of DIN and VDE. The project was developed in
cooperation with the University of Wuppertal, Bilfinger Mauell GmbH, Mainova AG Frankfurt, and SAG AG.
Key words: iNES, intelligent distribution substation, low-voltage grid, Smart Grids, Smart RTU, decentralized generation of
renewable energy, a self-sustaining monitoring and control system, intelligent energy.
R-4.11
MOGUĆNOSTI UŠTEDE ENERGIJE

KONTROLOM RASHLADNOG SISTEMA ENERGETSKIH ULJNIH TRANSFORMATORA
Zoran RADAKOVIĆ, Uroš RADOMAN, Nikola ĐORĐEVIĆ

Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija
Razvojem mikroprocesorske tehnike i energetske elektronike su se otvorile brojne mogućnosti kompleksnog upravljanja
elektroenergetskom opremom. Jedno od mogućih poboljšanja, odnosno povećanja energetske efikasnosti, je upravljanje radom
ventilatora i pumpi. S obzirom da su za Cired od interesa transformatori relativno manjih snaga, kod kojih se ne koristi prinudno
strujanje ulja, u daljem tekstu će se razmatrati samo upravljanje ventilatorima. Promenom stanja rashladnog sistema (ukljuĉivanjem /
iskljuĉivanjem ventilatora, kao jednostavnog naĉina regulacije, odnosno podešavanjem njihove brzine obrtaja pomoću frekventnih
pretvaraĉa, kao višeg nivoa upravljanja) utiĉe se na karakteristike rashladnog sistema, odnosno za zadato opterećenje
transformatora i temperaturu ambienta (rashladnog fluida) menja se temperatura unutar transformatora. Gubici, pre svega oni u
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namotajima, su temperaturno zavisni, odnosno po pravilu rastu sa porastom temperature. Taj efekat je suprotan efektu uštede koji
se postiţe smanjenjem broja obrtaja ventilatora. Cilj ovog rada je da se kvantitativno ispitaju i uporede uštede energije smanjenjem
broja obrtaja ventilatora i povećanje gubitaka koje nastaje kao rezultat poslediĉnog povećanja temperatura namotaja i gubitaka u
njima.
Motivacija za ovo istraţivanje se pojavila tokom razvoja algoritma za kontrolu brzine obrtanja ventilatora, realizovanog na prototipu
kontrolnog ureĊaja baziranom na programabilnom logiĉkom kontroleru (PLC) [1]. Ovaj rad se bavi mogućom uštedom energije, kao
jednim od kriterijuma koje treba ostvariti upravljanjem frekventnim pretvaraĉem preko koga se napajaju motori ventilatora.
Svi termiĉki proraĉuni na osnovu kojih je vršena procena gubitaka u transformatoru pri razliĉitim nivoima opterećenja i
temperaturama ambijenta su vršeni primenom detaljnog termo-hidrauliĉkog modela i softvera u kome je on realizovan (detalji su dati
u naša 4 prethodna rada u IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery: 2010., 2 rada 2012. i 2015.). Analize u radu će se vršiti na transformatoru
snage 40 MVA, sa ONAF hlaĊenjem (prirodno strujanje ulja i prinudno strujanje vazduha), gde je varirana uĉestanost napajanja
motora ventilatora.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Energetska efikasnost, Monitoring, Optimizacija hlaĊenja, Detaljni termo-hidrauliĉki model uljnih transformatora.
POSSIBILITY OF ENERGY SAVINGS

BY THE CONTROL OF THE COOLING SYSTEM OF OIL-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS
Development of microcontroller technique and power electronics opened numerous possibilities for complex smart control of
electrical power equipment. One of possible improvements, in terms of increase of energy efficiency, is the control of fans and
pumps. Since the subject are the transformers in distribution networks, as a rule no pumps are used for such relatively small
transformers and in further text only the control of the fans will be considered. The cooling system can be changed by simple
switching on / off the fans, or by varying the speed of the fans using frequency converters. Changing of the characteristics, for the
same load and ambient temperature, causes the change of the temperatures inside the transformer. The losses, first of all in the
windings, are temperature dependent and as a rule they increase with increase of temperature. This effect is opposite to the effect of
energy savings achieved by reduction of the fan speed. The goal of this paper is to quantify the energy saving achieved by the
reduction of the fan speed and the increase of the losses in the transformer appearing due to the increase of the temperature.
The motivation for such research raised in scope of the development of the algorithm and prototype implementation of the fan
control. The hardware platform was standard programmable logic controller (PLC), as described in our previous publication [1]. This
paper considers possible energy savings, as an important component of the fan speed control.
All thermal calculations used for the evaluation of average winding temperature and transformer losses, at different loads and
ambient temperatures, were done using detailed thermal-hydraulic network model and corresponding software (details about this can
be found in our 4 previous publications in IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery: 2010., 2 papers in 2012. and 2015.). The analyses in the
paper will be done on the real transformer of rated power 40 MVA, with ONAF cooling (natural oil flow and forced air flow), by varying
the frequency of fan supply voltage.
[1] ĐorĊević, N., Ţakula, D., Jevtić, M., Tomašević, R., Radakovic, Z. (2016): Kontrola temperature uljnih transformatora promenom
brzine obrtanja ventilatora, rad prihvaćen kao originalni nauĉni rad za objavljivanje u ĉasopisu Tehnika, planiran za broj 1/2006
Key words: Energy efficiency, Monitoring, Cooling optimization, Detailed thermal-hydraulic network model of oil-immersed power
transformer.
R-4.12
GENERALNI MATEMATIĈKI MODEL ZA PRORAĈUN EKONOMSKOG PRESEKA KABLOVA ZA PRIKLJUĈENJE

VETROELEKTRANA NA ELEKTROENERGETSKI SISTEM
Ana ĐORĐEVIĆ, Global Substation Solutions, Srbija

Ţeljko ĐURIŠIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Srbija
Prikljuĉenje vetroelektrana na elektroenergetski sistem se obiĉno vrši preko srednjenaponskih kablovskih vodova. Prikljuĉno mesto
vetroelektrana na distributivnu ili prenosnu mreţu je obiĉno udaljeno nekoliko kilometara, pa su gubici u kablovskoj mreţi znaĉajni. S
obzirom da su specifiĉni troškovi ovih gubitaka odreĊeni subvencionisanim cenama proizvodnje iz vetroelektrana, to je korišćenje
većih preseka kablova u odnosu na tehniĉke zahteve ĉesto opravdano za vlasnika vetroelektrane. U ovom radu razvijen je generalni
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matematiĉki model za izbor optimalnog preseka kablovskih vodova koji će obezbediti minimalne operativne troškove i na taj naĉin
maksimalan profit vlasniku vetroelektrane.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Vetroelektrana, Weibullova raspodela, prikljuĉni kabl, gubici, ekonomski presek.
GENERAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF THE ECONOMIC CROSS SECTION OF CABLES FOR
CONNECTING WIND FARMS ON THE ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
Connecting the wind farms to electrical power system is usually done via cable lines. The connection point to the distribution or
transmission network is usually several kilometers away, so the losses in the cable network are significant. Since the specific costs
of these losses are determined by subsidized prices of production from wind farms, therefore the use of larger cross-sections of
cables in relation to the technical requirements are often justified for the owner of the wind farm. In this paper is developed a general
mathematical model for the selection of the optimal cross section of cable lines in order to provide minimal operating costs and thus
maximum profits to the owner of the wind farm.
Keywords: Wind turbines, Weibull distribution, connection cable, losses, economic section.
I-4.13
POLAGANJE ENERGETSKIH KABLOVA U TERMIĈKI NEPOVOLJNIM SREDINAMA
Dragan MALEŠEVIĆ
ZP „Elektrokrajina― a.d. Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina
Praktiĉna iskustva u distributivnim i prenosnim mreţama pokazuju da je prilikom polaganja podzemnih, energetskih, kablova jedan
od osnovnih problema, upravo, termiĉki aspekt, odnosno ograniĉenja koja proizilaze iz njega. Naime, cilj svakog distributivnog
odnosno prenosnog preduzeća je da, u skladu sa teţnjama i zahtjevima potrošaĉa, distribuiše struju optimalne jaĉine koja neće
dovesti do strujne preopterećenosti kablova poloţenih u razliĉitim sredinama.
TakoĊe, treba voditi raĉuna o trasi i sredini kojom prolaze poloţeni kablovi, njihovom meĊusobnom i uticaju sredine u kojoj se
nalaze, gledano sa aspekta termiĉkog i strujnog opterećenja. Drugim rijeĉima, potrebno je odrediti kritiĉna mjesta na kablovskoj trasi,
odnosno, definisati metodologiju za prepoznavanje termiĉki kritiĉnih mjesta na trasi. Propusni kapacitet kabla je definisan
temperaturom termiĉki najkritiĉnijeg mjesta na kablu.
Cilj ovog rada je da, shodno praktiĉnim problemima s kojima se pomenuta preduzeća susreću na terenu, obradi problem polaganja
kabla sa posebnim akcentom na polaganje kablova u termiĉki nepovoljnim sredinama. Neophodno je obratiti paţnju na naĉin
prostiranja toplote kako kroz kablove (provodnik i izolaciju) tako i kroz okolnu sredinu, da se praktiĉnim mjerenjima i raĉunskim
putem odrede vrijednosti temperature i toplotnih otpora elemenata na pojedinim taĉkama (termiĉki kritiĉnim mjestima), bitnim za
analizu ove vrste problema. Pri tom se mjerenja temperature spoljne sredine kabla sprovode pomoću odgovarajućih senzora i
mjernih sistema za akviziciju podataka, radi adekvatne analize zajedno sa izmjerenim vrijednostima jaĉine struje.
Potrebno je da se, na osnovu parametara prikupljenih na terenu, odredi dozvoljena, odnosno optimalna jaĉina struje kojom se kabl
moţe opteretit, kao i vrijednosti korekcionih faktora neophodnih za što efikasnije iskorišćenje mreţe.
Rad, takoĊe, treba da pruţi idejna rješenja vezana za naĉine i mehanizme prinudnog hlaĊenja kablova u cilju podizanja vrijednosti
dozvoljenog strujnog opterećenja kablova, odnosno stabilizaciju termiĉki nestabilne sredine energetskog kabla.
Oĉekuje se da rad pruţi preporuke za rješavanje problema sa kojim se suoĉavaju distributivna i prenosna preduzeća kada je rijeĉ o
polaganju kablova, samim tim i da doprinesu većem iskorišćenju odnosno manjim gubicima preuzete elektriĉne energije.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: Polaganje kablova, termiĉki nestabilna sredina, dozvoljeno strujno opterećenje, korekcioni faktor.
INSTALLATION OF POWER CABLES IN THE THERMAL INHOSPITABLE
Practical experience in distribution and transmission networks show that when laying underground, power, cables, one of the main
problems, precisely, thermal aspect or limitations arising from it. The goal of each distribution and transmission companies that, in
accordance with the aspirations and demands of consumers, distributes electricity optimum strength which will lead to a power
overload of cables laid in different environments.
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We should also take into account the route and middle pass which laid cables, and their mutual influence of the environment in which
they are located from the point of thermal and electric loads. In other words, it is necessary to determine the critical points on the
cable route, that is, to define a methodology for identifying thermal hot spots along the route. Throughput capacity of the cable is
defined temperature thermally most critical of the cable.
The aim of this study is that, according to the practical problems they mentioned companies encounter in the field, address the
problem of laying a cable with a special emphasis on laying cables in unfavorable thermal environments. It is necessary to pay
attention to the way the propagation of heat through both cables (conductor and insulation) and the surrounding environment, the
practical measurement and computation determine the temperature and thermal resistance elements at certain points (thermally
critical points), relevant for the analysis of this type problems. At the same time the temperature measurement of the ambient cable
conducted using appropriate sensors and measuring systems for data acquisition, to an adequate analysis together with the
measured values of amperage.
It is necessary that, on the basis of parameters collected on the ground, determine the permissible or optimum current intensity with
which the cable can be loaded, and the value of the necessary correction factors for more efficient network utilization.
Work also needs to provide conceptual designs related to the ways and mechanisms of forced cooling cables to raise the value of
the permitted load current cables or stabilization of thermally unstable middle power cable.
It is expected that work to provide recommendations to address the problems faced by distribution and transmission companies
when it comes to laying cables, and thus contribute to higher utilization and lower losses of power taken.
Key words: laying cables, thermally unstable environment, allowed current load, a correction factor.
R-4.14
OPTIMALNO UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM I SKLADIŠTENJEM ENERGIJE U PAMETNIM

SISTEMIMA SA DISTRIBUIRANIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
Dimitrije KOTUR, Jovan MIKULOVIĆ

Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Beograd, Srbija
U ovom radu, analizira se mikromreţa koju ĉini skup domaćinstava sa distribuiranom proizvodnjom u vidu fotonaponskih sistema i
sistema za skladištenje energije. Kako je analizirana mikromreţa povezana na distributivnu mreţu, napajanje potrošnje moţe se
vršiti na nekoliko naĉina: direktno iz mreţe, iz fotonaponskog sistema ili iz akumulatorskih baterija. U ovom radu je razvijena
metodologija pomoću koje se moţe planirati ekonomiĉan rad hibridnog sistema u uslovima lokalne intermitentne proizvodnje iz
fotonaponskog sistema. U prvom sluĉaju, analizira se sistem kod kojeg ne postoji mogućnost upravljanja potrošnjom, dok je u
drugom sluĉaju korišćena i ta mogućnost u cilju postizanja optimalnog stanja. Pomoću predloţene metodologije moguće je na
osnovu poznatog dijagrama potrošnje mikromreţe (koja se sastoji iz upravljivog i neupravljiviog dela) i prognozirane proizvodnje iz
fotonaponskih sistema odrediti dijagram snage sistema za skladištenje, dijagram preuzete energije iz mreţe i novi dijagram potrošnje
koji će potrošaĉima omogućiti najveću uštedu. Za proraĉun optimalnog rešenja korišćen je genetski algoritam kao savremeni
algoritam veštaĉke inteligencije.
Kljuĉne reĉi: sistem za skladištenje energije, fotonaponski sistem, upravljanje potrošnjom, genetski algoritam.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

WITH U SMART DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SOURCES
In this paper, the microgrids (in this paper it is a group of households) with distributed production in the form of photovoltaic systems
and energy storage is analyzed. As the analyzed microgrids is connected to the distribution network, power consumption can be
made in various ways – directly from the grid, photovoltaic systems or batteries. The goal of the paper is to develop a methodology
that can be used to plan the most economical operation of the hybrid system in the presence of local intermittent generation from
photovoltaic system. In the first case, the system in which there is no possibility for demand side management is analyzed, while in
the second case it is assumed that the system has possibility of demand side management (DSM) in order to achieve optimal state.
Knowing the demand diagram of microgrids, consisting of deferrable and non-deferrable load, and forecasted production from
photovoltaic systems, by using the proposed methodology it would be possible to determine power diagram of storage system, the
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diagram of electricity taken from the grid and the new load diagram of microgrid which would provide the biggest savings. For the
calculation of the optimal solution genetic algorithm is used as a modern artificial intelligence algorithm.
Key words: storage systems, photovoltaic systems, demand side management, genetic algorithm.
R-4.15
OPTIMALNO UPRAVLJANJE POTROŠNJOM U PRISUSTVU FOTONAPONSKE ELEKTRANE I SKLADIŠTENJA ENERGIJE
Vladan DURKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija; Univerzitet Crne Gore, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Crna
Gora
Nikola RAJAKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija
U radu se razmatra aktivan potrošaĉ elektriĉne i toplotne energije sa mogućnošću pomjeranja potrošnje, skadištenja elektriĉne i
toplotne energije. TakoĊe, potrošaĉ ima mogućnost prodaje elektriĉne energije dobijene iz fotonaponske krovne elektrane na trţištu
elektriĉne energije. U radu se, uzimajući u obzir navedene predpostavke ispituje mogućnost nalaţenja rešenja snabdijevanja
energijom koje u toku 24 h daje najmanji novĉani utrošak. U rešenju se definiše utrošak pojedinih vidova energije i vremenski
intervali u toku 24 h u kojima se angaţuju pojedini vidovi energije. Za nalaţenje optimalnog rešenja koriste se odgovarajuće metode
optimizacije. Prikazan je uticaj razliĉitih kapaciteta odziva potrošnje i skladištenja energije na kriterijumsku funkciju.
Kljuĉne reĉi: odziv potrošnje, skladištenje energije, optimizacija potrošnje, PV elektrana.
OPTIMAL DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT AND ENERGY STORAGE
In this paper we consider an active consumer of electric and thermal energy with a possibility of demand response and storage of
electrical and thermal energy. Also, the consumer has a possibility of selling eelctrical energy obtained from a PV roof top plant on
the energy market. Having in mind the mentioned assumptions we investigates possible solutions of energy supply with a minimal
cost. The solutions define cost of various kind of energy and time intervals during 24 hours in which these energies are employed.
Suitable optimizations methods can be used be obtain an optimla solution. Also, the impact of various capacities of energy demand
response and storage on the objective function is shown.
Key words: demand response, energy storage, optimal load management, PV system.
R-4.16
ДЕКОМПОЗИЦИЈА ДНЕВНОГ ДИЈАГРАМА ПОТРОШЊЕ ЗА ПОТРЕБЕ УПРАВЉАЊА ПОТРОШЊОМ
Андрија ЈЕВТИЋ, ЕTФ Београд Србија

Н. МИЛОСАВЉЕВИЋ, ЕПС Дистрибуција Србија
Ж. ЈЕВТИЋ, ЕПС Дистрибуција Србија
Б. НИЈЕМЧЕВИЋ, ЕПС Србија
M. МИЛОСАВЉЕВИЋ, ЕПС Дистрибуција Србија
Са аспекта управљања потрошњом електричне снаге и енергије од великог је значаја сазнање о процентуалном учешћу
појединих категорија потрошача у одређеном дистрибутивном конзуму.Управљање потрошњом електричне представља
важан део реализације интелигентних елеткроенргетских мрежа. Главне погодности које доноси управљање потрошњом су
лакша интеграција обновљивих извора енерегије, смањење вршних оптерећења, смањење губитака електричне енергије,
повећање фактора искоришћења капацитета, смањење трошкова експлоатације система, боље очување животне средине,
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рационалисање изградње додатних капацитета у мрежи итд. Декомпозиција дневног дијаграма потрошње дистрибутивног
конзума обезбеђује информацију о степену заступљености појединих категорија потрошача електричне енергије и о
потенцијалу за управљање потрошњом у одређеном дистрибутивном конзуму. Декомпозиција потрошње реализује се
најчешће вођењем евиденције о потрошњи енергије појединачних уређаја или снимањем дијаграма потрошње, високе
резолуције, који карактерише одређен тип потрошача (таласни облик струје, динамички одзив потрошње на промену напона,
тренутна и стварна промена снаге). С обзиром да су наведени приступи у пракси незгодни и скупи за широку употребу за
декомпозицију потрошње од великог значаја је нови приступи овом проблему коришћењем методе вештачке неуронске
мреже. Основни принцип рада неуронске мреже је да се иницијално тренира тако што јој се задају жељени излазни подаци
за одговарајуче улазне податке. Након тренинга неуронска мрежа треба да за одговарајуће улазне податке да излазне
податке који одговарају улазним у дефинисаним границама тачности. Главна предност оваквог приступа је што не захтева
инсталацију нових мерних уређаја и додатна мерења, већ користи постојећа мерења активне снаге, реактивне снаге и
модула напона у трафостаници. Циљ рад је да прикаже:
• развијање алгоритма заснованог на принципу неуронске мреже за процењивање учешћа појединих категорија
потрошача за дистрибутивна конзумна подручја,
• евалуацију добијених резултата,
• анализу могућих примена развијеног алгоритма за потребе управљања потрошњом електичне енергије и снаге.
Кључне речи: декомпозиција дневног дијаграма потрошње, неуронска мрежа, управљање потрошњом.
DECOMPOSITION OF DAILY LOAD DIAGRAM FOR MANAGING CONSUMPTION
From the standpoint of managing the consumption of electric power and energy is of great importance knowledge of the percentage
share of certain categories of consumers in certain distribution konzumu.Upravljanje consumption of electricity is an important part of
the realization of intelligent eletkroenrgetskih networks. The main benefits that brings power management are easier integration of
renewable energy sources, reducing peak loads, reducing electricity losses, increasing the factor of capacity utilization, reduce
system operating costs, better environmental protection, rationalizing the construction of additional capacity in the network and so
on. Decomposition of daily load diagram of the distribution of consumption provides information on the level of representation of
certain categories of electricity consumers and the potential for demand management in a particular distribution on consumption.
Decomposition of consumption is realized most often keeping track of the energy consumption of individual devices or recording
diagrams consumption, high resolution, which is characterized by a certain type of consumer (current waveform, the dynamic
response of consumption to changes in voltage, current and real change of power). Given that these approaches in practice
inconvenient and expensive for widespread use for the decomposition of consumption is of great importance, new approaches to this
problem using methods of artificial neural networks. The basic working principle of neural networks is that the initial training so that
she can receive the desired output data for the appropriate input. After training the neural network should the appropriate input to
output data corresponding to the input within the defined limits of accuracy. The main advantage of this approach is that it does not
require the installation of new metering device and additional measurements, but it uses the existing measurements of active power,
reactive power and voltage module in the substation. The aim of the work is to present:
• development of an algorithm based on the principle of a neural network for estimating the share of certain categories of
consumers for consumer distribution areas,
• Evaluation of the results obtained,
• Analysis of possible application of the developed algorithm for the purposes of managing the consumption of electric energy
and power.
Key words: Decomposition of daily consumption diagrams, neural networks, demand management ment power consumption and
power.
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R-4.17
TEORIJA GRUBIH SKUPOVA KAO ALAT ZA OTKRIVANJE KRAĐE KUPACA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
J. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, Srbija

S. STANKOVIĆ, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Leskovac, Srbija
M. DOĈIĆ, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Leskovac, Srbija
S obzirom na koliĉinu ukradene elektriĉne energije u distributivnom sistemu, spreĉavanje kraĊe moţe se smatrati vaţnom merom za
efikasno korišćenje elektriĉne energije. Visoka vrednost procentualnih netehniĉkih gubitaka je jedna od karakteristika distributivne
mreţe Srbije. Dominantan deo netehniĉkih gubitaka je uzrokovan kraĊom elektriĉne energije od strane kupaca. Za povećanje
uspešnosti u otkrivanju kraĊa neophodno je nalaţenje sofisticiranog naĉina za otkrivanje poĉinilaca kraĊe. Najpre, treba na
odgovarajući naĉin urediti postojeće „billing― sisteme sa raspoloţivim podacima o iznosima fakturisane elektriĉne energije tokom
vremena i drugim relevantnim podacima registrovanih kupaca. Na bazi tih podataka, autori predlaţu korišćenje teorije grubih
skupova. Za posmatranu mreţu, formira se kriterijum za odluĉivanje na osnovu balansa elektriĉne energije, odnosno jednakosti
preuzete energije, fakturisane energije, pretpostavljenih tehniĉkih gubitaka i izgubljene elektriĉne energije. Karakteristike potrošnje
otkrivenih kraĊa kupaca, ĉija merna mesta su uredno oĉitavana su osnova za formiranje liste skupa sumnjivih kupaca.
Kljuĉne reĉi: otkrivanje kraĊe, distributivno preduzeće, informacioni sistem, ukupni gubici, izbor atributa, lista sumnjivih kupaca.
ROUGH SET THEORY AS A TOOL FOR FRAUD DETECTION OF ELECTRICITY CUSTOMERS
Due to the amount of stolen electricity in distribution system, fraud prevention can be considered as an important measure for
efficient use of electricity. High value of percentage non-technical losses is the main characteristic of Serbia’s distribution network.
The major part of non-technical losses is caused by electricity fraud of the customers. To increase fraud detecting performance, it is
necessary to find sophisticated way of detecting fraud perpetrators. Firstly, it should be appropriately arrange existing billing systems
with available data of invoiced electricity amounts over time and other relevant data of registered customers. Based on these data,
authors propose the use of rough set theory. For monitored network, a deciding criterion is formed on the basis of electricity balance,
i.e. equality of purchased energy, invoiced energy, assumed technical losses energy and lost energy. Consumption characteristics of
fraudulent customers whose measuring points are properly read are the foundation for suspicious customer set creation.
Key words: fraud detection, distribution utility, information system, total losses, attributes selection, suspicious customer set.
R-4.18
IZMEŠTANJA MERNIH MESTA NA REGULACIONU LINIJU KAO JEDAN OD NAĈINA ZA SMANJENJE GUBITAKA
Zoran SIMENDIĆ, Nikola KRKLJUŠ, Rade NIKOLIĆ, Milorad VUKAS, L. GAJDOBRANSKI,

EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogr. Elektrodistribucija Sombor, Srbija
Distributivno podruĉje ogranka "Elektrodistribucija Sombor" Sombor, trenutno je konzum koji smanjuje procenat netehniĉkih gubitaka
u Srbiji. Zakonska regulativa je propisala postavljanje novih mernih mesta kao i izmeštanje postojećih mernih mesta na regulacionu
liniju ili na stub nadzemne mreţe. ED Sombor smatra da je stalnim akcijama kontrole mernih mesta kao i velikim brojem izmeštenih
mernih mesta na regulacionu liniju ili na stub nadzemne distributivne mreţe doprinela smanjenju netehniĉkih gubitaka. Nova ili
izmeštena merna mesta kao vlasništvo operatora se nalazi na javnim površinama dostupno svima. Posledica toga je da se javljaju
novi naĉini neovlašćene potrošnje elektriĉne energije koji su ukratko opisani u radu. Njih je sve teţe otkriti jer su „sofisticiranija― i
zahtevaju stalno usavršavanje kontrolora i savremeniju opremu kontrolora. Pored pojedinaĉnih izmeštanja mernih mesta su uraĊena
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izmeštanja svih mernih mesta na niskonaponskom podruĉju distributivnih transformatorskih stanica. U radu se analiziraju gubici
podruĉja sa izmeštenim mernim mestima tokom više godina. Presude za prepravke brojila i mehaniĉka oštećenja izmeštenih brojila
ne idu u prilog izmeštanju brojila. Kaznena politika je neadekvantna. Sudska praksa ide u suprotnom pravcu-sud po pravilu izriĉe
uslovne osude na kaznu zatvora, koja se neće izvršiti u odreĊenom roku, ako osuĊeni u istom ne ponovi isto ili sliĉno kriviĉno delo.
Sud izuzetno izriĉe i novĉane kazne, pri ĉemu valja konstatovati i ĉinjenicu da je mali procenat oslobaĊajućih presuda. Minimizirajući
društvenu opasnost izvršenja ovih kriviĉnih dela, sudska praksa pokazuje da ni u sluĉajevima kada se radi o tzv. povratnicima, sud
ne izriĉe zakonom propisanu bezuslovnu kaznu. Na osnovu iskustava, u zakljuĉku se navode mere, koje bi (pored do sada
preduzetih), bitno doprinele smanjenju netehniĉkih gubitaka.
Kljuĉne reĉi: neovlašćena potrošnja, netehniĉki gubici, kriviĉno delo.
MEASURING POINT RELOCATION AT THE REGULATORY LINE AS A WAY TO REDUCE LOSSES SHORT CONTENT
Distribution area of "Elektrodistribucija Sombor" Sombor, currently is consuming domain which reduces the percentage of electrical
energy non-technical losses in Serbia. Legislation prescribed new measuring points install as well as the relocation of existing
measuring points on the regulatory line or on overhead power lines pole. ED Sombor deem that by constant control of measuring
points and large number of relocated measuring points on the regulatory line or on a overhead distribution network power lines pole
contributes to the reduction of electrical energy non-technical losses. New or relocated measuring points, as the Operator ownership,
are located on public area accessible to everyone. Consequently there are new ways of unauthorized electrical energy consumption,
which are briefly described in this paper. They are increasingly difficult to detect because they are \"more sophisticated\" and require
constantly controllers training as well as their equipment upgrade. Beside individual measuring points relocation, all the measuring
points on the low-voltage supply substations are relocated. This paper analyzes the electrical energy losses of areas with relocated
measuring points over the years. Judgment for remodel and mechanical damage of relocated meters are not in favor of meter
relocating. Penal policy is inadequately. Jurisprudence goes in the opposite direction - court, as a rule, imposing a suspended prison
sentence, which will not be executed within a specified period of time, if convicted in that same specified period, does not reiterate
the same or similar criminal act. The Court also impose fines, whereby it should be noted the fact of small percentage of acquittal.
Minimizing the social danger of committing such criminal acts, jurisprudence shows that even in cases when it comes to the so-
called returnees, the court does not impose the statutory unconditional sentence. Based on experience, in conclusion are presented
measures, that would (beside taken so far) significantly contribute to the electrical energy non-technical losses decrease.
Keywords: unauthorized consumption, non-technical losses, criminal act.
R-4.19
EFEKTI IZMIJEŠTANJA MJERNIH MJESTA
Goran RADIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― M.P. a.d. Trebinje - ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj, BiH
Predrag KUNDAĈINA, MH „Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― M.P. a.d. Trebinje - ZP „Elektro-Hercegovina― a.d. Trebinje, BiH
Dejan MILIĆEVIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― M.P. a.d. Trebinje - ZP „Elektro Doboj― a.d. Doboj, BiH
Dalibor MURATOVIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― M.P. a.d. Trebinje - Direkcija za distribuciju, BiH
Prilikom rekonstrukcija niskonaponskih elektrodistributivnih mreţa vrši se izmiještanje mjernih mjesta na stubove ili na objekte a sve
u skladu sa Pravilnikom o prikljuĉenju na niskonaponsku elektrodistributivnu mreţu koji je na snazi u MH „Elektroprivreda Republike
Srpske― M.P. a.d. Trebinje od 2011. godine. Na ovaj naĉin su znaĉajno smanjeni gubici koji su nastajali zbog neovlašćenih potrošnji
koje je bilo teško otkriti dok su mjerna mjesta bila unutar objekata kupaca. U radu su prikazani efekti izmiještanja mjernih mjesta na
konkretnim primjerima u elektrodistributivnim preduzećima ZP „Elektro Doboj―a.d. Doboj i ZP „Elektro Hercegovina― a.d. Trebinje.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: elektrodistributivni gubici, mjerno mjesto, izmiještanje.
EFFECTS OF RELOCATION MEASURING POINTS
Works on reconstruction oflow-voltagedistribution powerlines include relocation measuring points on power distribution poles or
objects (constructions) according to Regulationson the connection to the low voltagedistribution network wich is valid for MH
„Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske― M.P. a.d. Trebinje since 2011. On this way powersuply losses due to unauthorized consumption
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are signifficantly decreasse, because it was a lot harder to discover them when measuring point were inside objects in property of
consumers. This essay display effects of realocation measuring point on examples from powerdistribution companies ZP „Elektro
Doboj―a.d. Doboj and ZP „Elektro Hercegovina― a.d. Trebinje.
Key words: powersuply losses, measuring point, relocation.
R-4.20
DIJAGRAM TOKA AKTIVNOSTI NA SMANJENJU GUBITAKA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Srbislav SARIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije Tehniĉki centar Novi Sad Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Sremska Mitrovica,
B. SARIĆ, ODS „EPS Distribucija― Beograd Ogranak Elektrodistribucija Sremska Mitrovica, Srbija
Ogranak „Elektrodistribucija Sremska Mitrovica― poslednje tri godine ima gubitke elektriĉne energije manje od 10%, a 2015. godine
ima gubitke manje od 9%. Ovaj rezultat je nastao kao posledica paţljivo isplaniranih i precizno definisanih aktivnosti u poslednjoj
deceniji.
Naime, od 2012. godine kada su uvedeni tzv. liĉni kartoni distributivnih transformatorskih stanica, preko redovnog servisiranja i overe
brojila elektriĉne energije u prvoj deceniji ovog veka, formiranja i aţuriranja baze bilans tokova elektriĉne energije (BTE), uvoĊenja i
redovnog korišćenja mobilnih mernih grupa (MMG) uz obavezno izmeštanje mernog mesta (IMM), tamo gde je to bilo potrebno,
rezultat nije mogao izostati. Ako se svemu ovome doda savestan i odgovoran rad angaţovanih zaposlenih, onda je bilo za oĉekivati
da gubici elektriĉne energije budu ispod 9%.
Cilj ovog referata je da nedvosmisleno definiše tok aktivnosti na smanjenju gubitaka elektriĉne energije koji će posluţiti i drugim
ograncima u borbi protiv neovlašćene potrošnje elektriĉne energije ali i u planiranju aktivnosti na smanjenju tehniĉkih i komercijalnih
gubitaka. Na ovaj naĉin stvara se „papirni― ambijent za organizovano, sistematsko smanjivanje gubitaka elektriĉne energije u praksi.
Ogranak „Elektrodistribucija Sremska Mitrovica― je pravi primer uspešnosti ovakvog postupanja.
Kljuĉne reĉi: gubici, elektriĉna energija, dijagram, tok aktivnosti.
DIAGRAM OF FLOW OF ACTIVITIES FOR REDUCING ELECTRIC POWER LOSSES
Branch "Electro distribution Sremska Mitrovica" the last three years has electricity losses less than 10%, and in 2015 a loss of less
than 9%. This result was a effect of carefully planned and well-defined activities in the last decade.
In fact, since 2012, when they introduced the so-called. Personal Cards distribution substations, through regular servicing and
certification of electricity meters in the first decade of this century, the formation and updating base balance flows of electricity (BFE),
the introduction and regular use of mobile measuring groups (MMG) with the obligatory relocation of the measuring station (RMS)
where it was needed, the result could not be absent. If, in addition, conscientious and responsible work of engaged employees, it
was expected that electricity losses are below 9%.
The aim of this report is to clearly define the course of action to reduce energy losses which would also serve other branches in the
fight against illegal consumption of electricity but also in the planning of activities to reduce technical and commercial losses. In this
way, the "paper" setting for organized, systematic reduction of losses elelktriĉne energy in practice. Branch "Electro distribution
Sremska Mitrovica" is an example of the success of such actions.
Key words: losses, electricity, diagram, activity stream.
149
R-4.21
PRIMENA TERMOVIZIJSKE KAMERE I NJEN UTICAJ U CILJU LOCIRANJA NEOVLAŠĆENOG KORIŠĆENJA

ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I SMANJENJA NE TEHNICKIH – KOMERCIJALNIH GUBITAKA KOD
KORISNIKA KOJI SE NAPAJAJU IZ TS 10/0,4KV LJUBIĆ SELO
Milan RADOSAVLJEVIĆ, ODS EPS Distribucija, Srbija
U radu je prikazana analiza potrošnje kod korisnika koji se napajaju iz TS 10/0,4kV Ljubić selo gde su gubici na osnovu balansnog
merenja u TS bili povećani u zimskim mesecima 2015.godine. Gubici su odreĊeni na osnovu uporeĊivanja ukupne izmerene
elektriĉne enrgije u TS i zbira energija korisnika koji se napajaju iz te TS. Gubici u novembru mesecu za TS 10/0,4kV Ljubić selo su
iznosili 41,86% odnosno 12.892.kWh. Na osnovu ovih analiza vršeno je snimanje svih korisnika koji se napajaju iz ove TS pomoću
termovizijske kamere proizvoĊaĉa Flir. Ovom akcijom snimljeno je svih 92 objekata tj. mernih mesta koji se napajaju iz ove TS.
Izdvojeni su korisnici kod kojih postoji sumnja na neovlašćeno korišćenje elektriĉne energije (na osnovu potrošnje koju korisnik ima
za mesec novembar,na osnovu razlike u temperaturi untar objekta i samog krova objekta tj. (dimnjaka). Potencijalni broj korisnika
kod kojih postoji sumnja za neovlašćeno korišćenje elektriĉne energije je 27.Kod tih izdvojenih 27 korisnika uraĊena je detaljna
kontrola mernog mesta i rezultati kontrole su sledeći:
1. Ukupan broj korisnika kod kojih je utvrdjeno neovlašćenog korišćenja elektriĉne 4.
2. Ukupna fakturisana elektriĉna energija po osnovu neovlašćenog korišćenja elektrićne energije je kWh 23.652,08 odnosno
340.466,72 RSD
3. Ukupan broj korisnika kod kojih je konstatovana neispravnost mernog ureĊaja 4.
4. Ukupan broj mernih mesta kod kojih je konstatovano potreba za hitnim izmeštanjem mernog mesta zbog sumnje u malverzaciji
na mernom mestu i zbog nemogućnosti pristupu menom mestu 7.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Analiza gubitaka, termovizijska kamera, neovlašćeno korišćenje elektriĉne energije, zamena mernih ureĊaj, izmeštanje
mernih mesta.
APPLICATION OF THERMAL IMAGERS AND ITS IMPACT IN ORDER TO

LOCATE UNAUTHORIZED USE OF ELECTRICITY AND REDUCING NON TECHNICAL - COMMERCIAL LOSSES
FOR THE USER WHO IS CONNECTED TO TS 10 / 0.4 KV LJUBIC VILLAGE
This paper presents an analysis of consumer spending, which is fed from the TS 10 / 0.4kV Ljubic village where the losses are
based on the balancing of measurement in TS were increased in the winter months 2015.godine.Losses are determined by
comparing the total measured electricity in the TS and the sum of energy users who are supplied from these TS.Losses in November
for TS 10 / 0.4kV Ljubic village amounted to 41.86% and 12.892.kWh.On the basis of these analyzes were completed recording all
users who are supplied from the TS using a thermal imaging camera manufacturer Flir.With this action recorded all 92 facilities ie.
measuring points are powered from this TS.We are separated the users with suspected unauthorized use of electricity (based on
consumption that the user has for the month of November, based on the difference in temperature inside the bulwarks of the building
and the roof of the building ie. (chimney).The potential number of users who are susceptible to unauthorized use of electricity is 27.In
those allocated 27 participants underwent detailed control measuring point and control results are as follows:
1. Total number of beneficiaries who were diagnosed of unauthorized 4th
2. Total billed electricity on the basis of unauthorized use of electricity is 23,652.08 kWh or 340,466.72 RSD
3. Total number of users for which it is concluded the failure of measuring devices fourth
4. Total number of measuring points in which it was stated the need for urgent relocation of the measuring station on suspicion of
malfeasance on the measuring point and the inability approach menom place 7th
150
R-4.22
EFEKTI ANALIZE POTROŠNJE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U OTKRIVANJU NEOVLAŠĆENE POTROŠNJE I ANALIZA

GUBITAKA NA OSNOVU NEOVLAŠĆENOG KORIŠĆENJA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
Radovan ĐORĐEVIĆ, S. TUCAKOVIC, D. VASIĆ

ODS EPS Distribucija, Srbija
U radu je prikazana analiza gubitaka po trafostanicama 10/0,4 na osnovu kojih su locirani trafo reoni sa povećanim gubicima a na
osnovu toga i korisnici koji neovlašćeno koriste elektriĉnu energiju. Gubici po trafostanicama 10/0.4 se odreĊuju na taj naĉin što u
trafostanici postoji merenje ukupne potrošnje koje se oĉitava svakog meseca u periodu od 01. do 03.U biling sistemu su svi kupci
koji se napajaju sa te trafostanice pridruţeni njoj pa na osnovu ukupne potrošnje kupaca izraĉunavaju gubici kao razlika izmerene
energije u trafostanici i zbira energije kupaca vezanih na tu trafostanicu. Gubici po trafostanicama 10/0,4 su se pratili u periodu od
nekoliko meseci gde se vide odstupanja u gubicima na osnovu neovlašćenog korišćenja elektriĉne energije. Pored ove analize
prikazana je i analiza potrošnje gde su uporeĊivane potrošneje elektriĉne energije u istim mesecima razliĉitih godina kao i godišnje
potrošnje elektriĉne energije. Na osnovu pada potrošnje i razlike u potrošnjama na osnovu ove analize locirani su korisnici koji
neovlašćeno koriste elektriĉnu energiju. Analiza sa padom potrošnje raĊena je za korisnika sa mernim grupama
(direktne,poluindirektne i indirektne). TakoĊe analiza potrošnje je raĊena i pomoću MIS ureĊaja gde je praćenja potrošnja na
dnevnom nivou sa analizom dnevnih maksimuma i minimuma snage. TakoĊe pomoću MIS ureĊaja omogućeno je praćenje
dijagrama opterećenja u toku dana pri ĉemu komunikacija sa MIS ureĊajem je ostvarena daljinski pomoću SIM kartice.
U radu su prikazane i 2 karakteristiĉne neovlašćene potrošnje (poluindirektne merne grupe) gde se mogu videti razliĉiti naĉini
neovlašćenog korišćenja elektriĉne energije.
U drugom delu rada su prikazani efekti otkrivanja neovlašćene potrošnje i kaznena politika po pitanju neovlašćenog korišćenja
elektriĉne energije. Za svako neovlašćeno korišćenje elektriĉne energije vrši se demontaţa mernog mesta,odjava mernog
mesta,formira se obraĉun za neovlašćeno korišćenje elektriĉne energije koji se na osnovu Zakona o energetici radi na period od 6
meseci ili od vremena poslednje kontrole ako je ona bila u poslednjih 6 meseci.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Analiza gubitaka, neovlašćena potrošnja, merne grupe, kaznena politika.
EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN THE DETECTION OF UNAUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION

ANALYSIS AND LOSSES ON THE BASIS OF UNAUTHORIZED USE OF ELECTRICITY
This paper presents an analysis of losses in substations 10 / 0,4 on which are located the transformer districts with increased losses
on the basis that the users that the unauthorized use electrical energiju.Losses at substations 10 / 0.4 is determined so that the
substation there measurement of total consumption which is read each month in the while from 01 to 03.U billing system are all
customers who are supplied from the substation and associated her on the basis of total consumer spending losses are calculated
as the difference between the measured energy in the substation and the sum of energy buyers related to There substations.Losses
at substations 10 / 0.4 were monitored over a while of several months where you can see variations in the losses from any
unauthorized use of electricity. In addition to this analysis is presented and analysis of consumption where they were compared
spending electricity in the same months of different years as the annual electricity energy.To basis of the fall in consumption and
differences in consumption on the basis of this analysis are located beneficiaries unauthorized use electrical energy.Analysis with
falling consumption was done for the user with measuring groups (direct, semi-direct and indirect).
Also, consumption analysis was conducted using the MIS device where the monitoring spending on a daily basis with the analysis of
daily maximum and minimum snage.Also using MIS devices enable monitoring of the load diagram during the day where
communication with MIS device is achieved by using a remote SIM card.
The paper describes two typical unauthorized consumption (measuring groups) where you can see different ways of unauthorized
use of electricity. In the second part of the paper presents the effects of unauthorized disclosure of consumption and punitive policy
regarding unauthorized electricity energy.For any unauthorized use of electricity dismantling of the measuring spot, check out the
measuring spot, formed by the return of unauthorized use of electricity which is based on the Law on Energy works for a period of 6
months or more from the time of last follow-up if she was in the last 6 months.
Key words: Analysis of losses, unauthorized consumption, measuring group, penal policy.
151
R-4.23
MODELOVANJE UTICAJA MAGNETNOG POLJA
Ljubomir MLADENOVIĆ, ODS d.o.o Beograd-ogranak Elektrodistribucija Zajeĉar, Srbija

Dragan RAPAIĆ, JP Elektroprivreda Srbije-Tehniĉki centar Niš-Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Zajeĉar, Srbija
Korišćenje neodimijumskih magneta za kraĊu energije je ozbiljan problem, delom i zbog toga što se uglavnom radi o reverzibilnom
uticaju, ĉime je oteţano otkrivanje i, naroĉito, dokaz. Rad je posvećen stvaranju matematiĉkog modela magnetnog uticaja, sa
posebnim naglaskom na njegov prostorni raspored. Time se stvara osnov za zakljuĉke koji mogu da upute ka izvodljivim rešenjima.
Oblik magneta je izabran polazeći od teţnje za što jednostavnijim proraĉunom. Cilj je suzbijanje kraĊe energije.
Kljuĉne reĉi: magnetno polje, diferencijalna jednaĉina, metoda konaĉnih elemenata.
MODELLING OF PERMANENT MAGNET EFFECTT
Energy theft with the use of neodymium magnets is a serious problem, partly because it is about a reversible impact, making it
difficult to detect and legally prove such a crime. This work is dedicated to devising a mathematical model of magnetic impact,
focusing mostly on its spatial structure. This sets ground for conclusions which may lead to possible solutions. Particular shape of
magnet is chosen based on a search for computational simplicity. The goal is to reduce electricity theft.
Keywords: magnetic field, differential equation, finite elements method.
Izveštaj STK 5
Struĉna komisija 5
PLANIRANJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH SISTEMA
Predsednik komisije: Prof. dr Aleksandar JANJIĆ, Elektronski fakultet, Univerziteta u Nišu, Srbija
U okviru ove struĉne komisije, prihvaćeno je 10 radova, koji su obuhvatili sve ĉetiri postavljene preferencijalne teme. U okviru prve
teme, „Ravnoteţa izmeĊu razliĉitih kriterijuma pri planiranju distributivne mreţe―, autori su uglavnom obraĊivali problem proraĉuna
tokova snaga i rekonfiguracije mreţe i prilagoĊavanje ovih proraĉuna novim uslovima u prisustvu distribuirane proizvodnje. U okviru
druge teme „Minimalni zahtevi energetske efikasnosti pri planiranju― razmatrani su zahtevi koji se tiĉu efikasnosti distributivne mreţe,
ali i naĉini za njeno povećanje. U okviru treće teme: „Upravljanje ţivotnim ciklusom opreme u uslovima neizvesnosti― predloţena je
višekriterijumska analiza za rešavanje problema upravljanja osnovnim sredstvima u distribuciji, na primeru odrţavanja nadzemne
distributivne mreţe. Najzad u ĉetvrtoj preferencijalnoj temi, „Optimizacija distributivne infrastrukture za novi tip potrošaĉa―
razmatrana je i vrlo savremena opcija mikromreţa i uslova za njihovo formiranje u Srbiji.
Ravnoteţa između razliĉitih kriterijuma pri planiranju distributivne mreţe
Struĉni izvestilac: Miroslav DOĈIĆ, JP EPS, Srbija
R-5.01. EFIKASNI ALGORITAM ANALIZE TOKOVA SNAGA, MODIFIKOVANI ALGORITAM TOKOVA SNAGA
NAHMAN I PERIĆ
Autori: B. STOJANOVIĆ, M. MOSKOVLJEVIĆ, Tehniĉki opitni centar,
T. RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Srbija
U radu se opisuju novi algoritam za proraĉun tokova snaga u distributivnim mreţama. Autori su opisali poboljšanje postojećeg
algoritma Nahmana i Perića.
152
1. Da li je ovaj algoritam pogodan za distributivne mreţe sa distribuiranom proizvodnjom?
2. Koja od analiziranih metodologija obezbeĊuje najveću taĉnost?
R-5.02. PROGRAM ZA PROVERU POVEZANOSTI ENERGETSKOG SISTEMA

Autori: T. RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, B. STOJANOVIĆ, Tehniĉki opitni centar, Srbija
U radu je predstavljen program za proveru povezanosti energetskog sistema, sa posebnim osvrtom na primeni u distributivnim
mreţama. Doprinos ovog rada j+e što je omogućena primena razliĉitih heuristiĉkih metoda za rekonfiguraciju mreţe i generisanje
većeg skupa razliĉitih konfiguracija.
1. Koliko primena ovog algoritma doprinosi nalaţenju optimalne konfiguracije mreţe?
2. Da li metodologija smanjuje uticaj poĉetnog rešenja na konaĉno, optimalno rešenje?
3. Da li su autori primenili još neke od heuristiĉkih metoda za pronalaţenje optimalne konfiguracije (tabu pretraţivanje ili genetski
algoritam)?
4. Koje su performanse ove metodologije primenjene uz neki algoritam za odreĊivanje optimalne konfiguracije (mogući broj
ĉvorova mreţe, vreme potrebno za optimizaciju)?
5. U navedenom primeru nije jasna veza izmeĊu proraĉuna gubitaka u radijalnoj mreţi I predloţenog algoritma za odreĊivanje
povezanosti?
R-5.03. PRORAĈUN NESIMETRIĈNIH TOKOVA SNAGA AKTIVNIH TROFAZNIH DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA

Autori: V. C. STREZOSKI, N. R. VOJNOVIĆ, P. M. VIDOVIĆ, Srbija
U ovom radu uspešno je demonstrirana teza da se tradicionalnim postupcima za proraĉun tokova snaga u nesimetriĉnim reţimima,
koji su zasnovani na tradicionalnoj klasifikaciji ĉvorova, ne mogu obuhvatiti sve vrste distribuiranih izvora energije, naroĉito one s
modernim interfejsima prema mreţi. Nova klasifikacija ĉvorova distributivne mreţe, razvijeni matematiĉki model i njegov proraĉun
verifikovani su na primerima datim u radu.
R-5.04. UTICAJ NAĈINA MODELOVANJA DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA NA PRORAĈUN TOKOVA SNAGA

Autori: D. MILOŠEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut Nikola Tesla i Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, Srbija
N. VRCELJ, N. ŠUŠNICA, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd, Srbija
V. STANOJEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
Autori su u radu uspešno demonstrirali uticaj promene otpornosti vodova usled spoljašnjih uticaja na vrednosti tokova snaga u mreţi.
Kao posledica ovih varijacija, razlikuju se i proraĉunati gubici aktivne snage u mreţi.
1. Objasniti zašto uticaj temperature ambijenta na promenu otpornosti namotaja transformatora nije uvaţen.
2. Po mišljenju autora, koliko je bitno uvaţiti zavisnost aktivne i reaktivne snage od promene napona za konzum Beograda?
3. Cena gubitaka je u radu 110 €/kW. Na osnovu ĉega se došlo do ove vrednosti? U uslovima deregulisanog trţišta, kada je
distribucija obavezna da nezavisno nabavlja energiju za pokrivanje gubitaka, da li uopšte ima smisla raĉunati cenu gubitaka sa
ovom vrednošću?
R-5.05. UPOREDNA ANALIZA HEURISTIĈKIH METODA REKONFIGURACIJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA

Autori: D. ŠOŠIĆ, P. STEFANOV, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Srbija
Predmet ovog rada je uporedni pregled više heuristiĉkih metoda koje se bave rekonfiguracijom simetriĉnih distributivnih mreţa.
Autori su dali iscrpni, ali saţet i razumljiv pregled metoda za rekonfiguraciju, u cilju što boljeg sagledavanja stanja primenjivanih
metoda i analize njihovog daljeg prilagoĊavanja zahtevima eksploatacije savremenih distributivnih mreţa. Poseban akcenat dat je na
redukciji gubitaka aktivne snage, te drugi kriterijumi za dobijanje optimalnog rešenja nisu ni razmatrani. Kao pomoćni kriterijum
korišćeno je jedino raĉunsko vreme potrebno za dobijanje optimalnog rešenja.
1. Da li su autori razmatrali upotrebu ovih algoritama u mreţama sa distribuiranom proizvodnjom?
2. Da li je analizirana i mreţa sa većim brojem ĉvorova, odnosno, da li primenjena test mreţa moţe da bude reprezentativna za
donošenje zakljuĉaka o taĉnosti i brzini izraĉunavanja?
3. Navedene metode poreĊene su samo na osnovu gubitaka snage. Da li su analizirani i drugi kriterijumi za ocenu optimalnog
rešenja?
153
Minimalni zahtevi energetske efikasnosti pri planiranju
Struĉni izvestilac: dr Dragoslav JOVANOVIĆ
R-5.06. PLANIRANJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA U SVETLU EVROPSKE DIREKTIVE O ENERGETSKOJ

EFIKASNOSTI
Autor: A. JANJIĆ, Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Srbija
Rad pruţa dobru informaciju o obavezama koje oĉekuju i korisnike distributivnog sistema, ali i sama elektrodistributivna preduzeća u
pogledu Zakona o efikasnom korišćenju energije. Novi i revitalizovani sistemi za distribuciju elektriĉne energije moraju da ispunjavaju
minimalne zahteve u pogledu njihove energetske efikasnosti, a u zavisnosti od vrste i snage tih postrojenja, odnosno veliĉine
sistema (minimalni stepen korisnosti sistema za distribuciju elektriĉne energije). Osim ove informacije, daje se i predlog za
sistematsko ureĊivanje ove problematike.
1. Da li sadašnja organizacija EPS-a omogućava ispunjavanje uslova zadatih direktivom EU 2012/27?
2. U kojoj meri domaći proizvoĊaĉi opreme mogu da ispune zahteve ―Eco design‖ direktive?
3. Da li po saznanju autora, postoje rešenja transformatorskih stanica sa ugraĊenim fotonaponskim panelima?
R-5.07. ANALIZA EFEKATA UGRADNJE FIKSNE KOMPENZACIJE NA NISKONAPONSKIM DISTRIBUTIVNIM

MREŢAMA
Autori: M. BEĈIĆ, JP EP BiH Podruţnica ED Zenica, BiH, F. HIDIĆ, JP EP BiH Podruţnica ED Zenica, BiH,
S. ĐEKIĆ, Univerzitet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, BiH
U ovom radu, prikazana je mogućnost smanjenja tokova reaktivne snage i poboljšanja naponskih prilika na niskonaponskim
distributivnim vodovima, primenom fiksne kompenzacije locirane na pogodnim taĉkama duţ nadzemne niskonaponske mreţe.
Posebna vrednost ovog rada je ta što je ova mogućnost i demonstrirana praktiĉnom realizacijom ugradnje kondenzatora. Ostaje,
meĊutim, dosta nerešenih pitanja koje će autorima sigurno posluţiti kao smernice za usavršavanje predloţene metodologije.
1. Na koji naĉin su odabrane lokacije za postavljanje kondenzatora duţ NN mreţe? Da lise vodilo raĉuna o poloţaju najvećih
potrošaĉa reaktivne energije na vodu?
2. Na koji naĉin su proraĉunati efekti smanjenja gubitaka u mreţi postavljanjem baterija?
3. Da li je uraĉunat efekat povećanja struje na vodu usled povećanja napona?
4. Da li je izvršeno poreĊenje opravdanosti ugradnje baterija na stubu i u transformatorskoj stanici?
5. Kakva su eksploataciona iskustva koja se tiĉu baterija postavljenih na stub, pre svega u pogledu zaštite od prenapona?
R-5.08. PREDLOG MERA ZA SMANJENJE TEHNIĈKIH GUBITAKA U SREDNJENAPONSKOJ DISTRIBUTIVNOJ

MREŢI 10 kV
Autori: D. ĆETENOVIĆ V. MIJAILOVIĆ, A. RANKOVIĆ, Srbija
Autori su u radu je izvršili proveru opravdanosti ugradnje provodnika većeg popreĉnog preseka, i zamene preopterećenih i dotrajalih
energetskih transformatora klasiĉne konstrukcije transformatorima sa amorfnim jezgrom, a sve u cilju cilju smanjenja gubitaka
aktivne energije. Tehnoekonomska analiza je izvedena dosledno, te se moţe smatrati i dodatnim alatom za procenu opravdanosti
novih ulaganja u distributivnu mreţu. Same pretpostavke proraĉuna su doduše, dosta uopštene, što je i opravdano budući da je
fokus rada sama metodologija proraĉuna.
1. U radu je srednja vrednost opterećenja (m) definisana kao odnos srednjeg opterećenja i tabliĉne vrednosti dozvoljene struje
provodnika ItdT. Zašto su autori odabrali ovu vrednost, umesto odnosa srednje i maksimalne snage opterećenja?
2. U izrazu (11), proraĉun gubitaka u bakru transformatora dat je kao integral kontinualne vrednosti opterećenja P(t). Zašto je za
vodove uveden drugaĉiji pristup?
3. Prema direktivi EU 548/2014 za sprovoĊenje ―ECO design‖ direktive 2009/125/EG transformatori koji iskljuĉivo smeju da se
pojavljuju na trţištu od 2021. godine imaju manje gubitke od predloţenih transformatora sa amorfnih jezgrom. Da li su autori
radili analize i sa ovim tipovima transformatora?
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Upravljanje ţivotnim ciklusom opreme u uslovima neizvesnosti
Struĉni izvestilac: Saša MINIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―
R-5.09. VIŠEKRITERIJUMSKO PLANIRANJE AKTIVNOSTI NA ODRŢAVANJU NADZEMNE MREŢE

Autori: B. KOJIĈIĆ, Istraţivaĉko-razvojni centar ―Alfatec‖, Niš, Srbija, A. JANJIĆ, Elektronski Fakultet, Niš, Srbija
U radu je predstavljen matematiĉki više-kriterijumski model donošenja odluka kao pomoć pri izboru vremena za preventivno
odrţavanje u distributivnim sistemima, sa tri kriterijuma koji imaju najvec i uticaj na donošenje odluka: pouzdanost, troškovi
odrţavanja i zastoji usled odrţavanja. Autori su pokazali vaţnost višekriterijumskog pristupa u planiranju odrţavanja i uspešno
demonstrirali PROMETHEE metodu na primeru distributivne mreţe.
1. Da li autori raspolaţu podacima o tome koje raspodela verovatnoća otkaza odgovaraju ostalim elementima u distributivnoj mreţi
Srbije?
2. U radu se pominje odrţavanje nadzemne mreţe, ali u ilustrativnom primeru nema naznake na koji element mreţe se odnosi
ovaj proraĉun. Da li je metoda primenjiva na širi skup elemenata mreţe?
3. Koja su ograniĉenja u primeni ove metode?
Optimizacija distributivne infrastrukture za novi tip potrošaĉa
Struĉni izvestilac: dr Saša ĐEKIĆ
R-5.10. MIKRO MREŢE U ENERGETSKOM SISTEMU SRBIJE: MOGUĆNOSTI I IZAZOVI

Autori: D. STEVANOVIĆ, EPS, Zajeĉar, Srbija, A. JANJIĆ, Univerzitet Niš, Elektronski fakultet, Srbija
U ovom radu je analizirana mogućnost formiranja mikromreţa u distributivnom sistemu. Zakljuĉeno je da energetski sistem Srbije
ima veliki potencijal za korišćenje mikro mreţa, naroĉito u ruralnim oblastima. Ova mogućnost razmatrana je na konkretnom primeru
10 kV izvoda koji napaja 6 sela, sa 643 domaćinstava, odnosno 2338 stanovnika, i sastoji se od 14 trafo stanica 10/0,4 kV. Rad daje
uvod u problematiku formiranja mikromreţa i otvara mnoga pitanja vezana za njihovu praktiĉnu realizaciju , koja će, oĉigledno, biti
predmet daljih istraţivanja.
1. Na koji naĉin je izvršena aproksimacija dnevnog dijagrama, da li su korišćeni i mereni podaci iz posmatranog konzuma?
2. Kako je zamišljena regulacija uĉestanosti u sistemu koji bi radio u ostrvrskom reţimu?
EC 5 Report
Session 5
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PLANNING
Session Chairman: Prof. dr Aleksandar JANJIĆ, Elektronski fakultet, Univerziteta u Nišu, Serbia
For this session, 10 papers were accepted, covering all four set preferential subjects. Within the first subject: ―Balance between
different criteria in distribution grid planning―, the authors mostly dealt with the issue of estimated power flow and grid reconfiguration
and adjustment of these estimates to the new conditions in the presence of distributed production. Within the second subject:
―Minimum energy efficiency requirements in planning― requirements concerning distribution grid energy efficiency, as well as the
ways for its improvement. Within the third subject: ―Management of equipment life cycle in conditions of uncertainty― a multicriteria
analysis was proposed for dealing with the issue of management of fixed assets in distribution, on the example of overhead
distribution grid maintenance. And in the final fourth preferential subject: ―Distribution infrastructure optimization for the new type of
consumers―, a state of the art microgrids option was considered along with the conditions for setting them up in Serbia.
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Balance between different criteria in distribution grid planning
Reporter: Miroslav DOĈIĆ, JP EPS, Serbia
R-5.01. EFFICIENT POWER FLOW ALGORITHM, MODIFIED ALGORITHM NAHMAN AND PERIĆ
Authors: B. STOJANOVIĆ, M. MOSKOVLJEVIĆ, Tehniĉki opitni centar,
T. RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Serbia
The paper describes the new algorithm for calculating load flows in distribution grids. The authors describe improvements of the
existing algorithm by Nahman and Perić.
1. Is this algorithm suitable for distribution grids with distributed production?
2. Which of the analyzed methodologies provides the greatest accuracy?
R-5.02. PROGRAMME FOR POWER SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY CHECKING

Authors: T. RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, B. STOJANOVIĆ, Tehniĉki opitni centar, Serbia
The paper presents the programme for verification of the energy system connectivity, with special insight into implementation in
distribution grids. This paper has enabled the implementation of various heuristic methods for grid reconfiguration and generation of
a larger set of different configurations.
1. How much does implementation of this algorithm enable finding optimal grid reconfiguration?
2. Does the methodology reduce the impact of initial solution on the finite, optimal solution?
3. Did the authors apply any other heuristic methods for detection of optimal grid configuration (tabular browsing or genetic
algorithm)?
4. Which performances in this methodology were applied in addition to some algorithm in defining the optimal configuration
(possible number of grid nodes, time require for optimization)?
5. In the given example, the connection between loss calculation in the radial grid and proposed algorithm for defining the
connectivity is not clear.
R-5.03. ASYMMETRICAL POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF ACTIVE THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION

NETWORKS
Authors: V. C. STREZOSKI, N. R. VOJNOVIĆ, P. M. VIDOVIĆ, Serbia
The paper successfully demonstrates the thesis that traditional procedures for calculation of load flows in asymmetrical regimes,
based on traditional node classification, cannot cover all types of distributed energy sources, particularly those with state of the art
interfaces towards the grid. The new distribution grid node classification, developed mathematical model and calculation thereof
have been verified through examples in the paper.
R-5.04. INFLUENCE OF MODELING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON LOAD FLOW

D. MILOŠEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut Nikola Tesla i Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu
N. VRCELJ, N. ŠUŠNICA, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Beograd
V. STANOJEVIĆ, EPS Distribucija d.o.o. Beograd, Serbia
The authors have successfully demonstrated in the paper the impact of changes in the line resistance due to external impacts on
load flows in the grid. As a consequence of these variations, estimates of loss of active load in the grid also differ.
1. Please explain why was the impact of ambient temperature on changes in transformer winding resistance not taken into
account.
2. To the authors’ mind, how important is it to take into account the dependence of active and reactive load on changes in the
voltage for the consumption area of Belgrade?
3. The cost of losses in the paper is 110 €/kW. How did the authors get this value? In the deregulated market environment, where
distribution is obliged to autonomously obtain energy in order to cover losses, does it make sense at all to calculate the cost of
losses with this value?
R-5.05. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEURISTIC METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

RECONFIGURATION
Authors: D. ŠOŠIĆ, P. STEFANOV, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet Beograd, Serbia
The subject of this paper is a comparative overview of several heuristic methods dealing with symmetrical distribution grid
reconfiguration. The authors gave a detailed, but concise and clear overview of reconfiguration methods, for the purpose of better
perception of the state of applied methods and analysis of their further compliance with the state of the art distribution grid
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requirements. Special emphasis was made in terms of reduced active load losses, and other criteria for obtaining an optimal solution
were not even considered. Single calculating time for obtaining an optimal solution was used as an auxiliary criterion.
1. Did the authors consider the use of these algorithms in grids with distributed production?
2. Was the grid with a greater number of nodes also analyzed, and can the applied test grid be representative in making
conclusions concerning the accuracy and speed of calculations?
3. The given methods were compared only on the basis of load losses. Were other criteria for assessment of optimal solution also
analyzed?
Minimum energy efficiency requirements in planning
Reporter: dr Dragoslav JOVANOVIĆ, Serbia
R-5.06. DISTRIBUTION NETWORK PLANNING IN THE LIGHT OF THE EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE ON ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Author: A. JANJIĆ, Univerzitet u Nišu, Elektronski fakultet, Serbia
The paper provides good information on liabilities which the distribution system consumers as well as the electricity distribution
companies are expected to fulfill in respect of the Law on efficient use of energy. The new and revitalized electricity distribution
systems must fulfill the minimum requirements concerning their energy efficiency, and depending on the type and capacity of those
plants, and size of the system (minimum benefit level for electricity distribution). Apart from this information, a proposal is given in
respect of dealing systematically with this issue.
1. Does the present organization of EPS enable compliance with the requirements set in EU 2012/27 Directive?
2. To what extent can the local manufacturers of equipment comply with the ―Eco design‖ Directive?
3. Does the author know whether there are any substation solutions with built-in photovoltaic panels?
R-5.07. ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF APPLICATION OF FIXED COMPENSATION ON THE LOW VOLTAGE
Authors: M. BEĈIĆ, JP EP BiH Podruţnica ED Zenica, BiH, F. HIDIĆ, JP EP BiH Podruţnica ED Zenica, BiH,
S. ĐEKIĆ, Univerzitet u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, BiH
The paper demonstrates the possibility of reducing reactive load flows and improving voltages in low-voltage distribution lines, by
applying a condensers located in approppriate points along the overhead low-voltage grid. The particular value of this paper is that
such possibility is demonstrated through practical implementation of condenser incorporation. However, a lot of unresolved issues
still remain to be dealt with, but they will surely serve the authors as guidelines for mastering the proposed methodology.
1. In what way were the sites for installing condensers along the LV grid selected? Was the position of reactive load bulk
consumers in the line taken into account?
2. In what way were calculations made regarding the effects of reduced grid losses achieved by installing batteries?
3. Was the effect of increased current in the line due to greater voltage included in the calculation?
4. Was a comparison made in terms of the feasibility of battery installation on the pillar and substation?
5. What is the experience in operation in terms of the batteries installed on the pillar, first of all regarding protection against
lightning?
R-5.08. PROPOSED MEASURES FOR TECHNICAL LOSSES REDUCTION IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK 10 kV
Authors: D. ĆETENOVIĆ V. MIJAILOVIĆ, A. RANKOVIĆ, Serbia
The authors gave a verification of the feasibility of installing greater cross-section conductors, and replacement of overloaded and
old power transformers with conventional structure, by transformers with amorphous core, just for the purpose of reducing active
load losses. The techno-economic analysis was made consistently, and it can therefore be considered as an additional tool for
feasibility assessment of new investments in the distribution grid. The actual assessment assumptions are, however, rather
generaizedl, which ma be justified as the paper particularly focuses on the calculation methodology.
1. In the paper, the medium load value (m) is defined as the medium load ratio to the tabular value of permitted conductor current
ItdT. Why did the authors select this value, instead of the ratio of medium and maximum load capacity?
2. In expression (11), the estimated losses in transformer copper is given as an integral of the continual load value P(t). Why was
a different approach introduced for lines?
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3. According to EU Directive 548/2014 for implemention of the―ECO design‖ Directive 2009/125/EG, transformers which can only
appear on the market starting from 2021, have lower losses than the poposed transformers with amorphous core. Did the
authors make analyses with these types of transformers as well?
Management of equipment life cycle in conditions of uncertainty
Reporter: Saša MINIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki institut „Nikola Tesla―, Serbia
R-5.09. MULTICRITERIA ACTIVITY PLANING FOR GROUND NETWORK MAINTENANCE

Authors: B. KOJIĈIĆ, Istraţivaĉko-razvojni centar ―Alfatec‖, Niš, Srbija, A. JANJIĆ, Elektronski Fakultet, Niš, Serbia
The paper presents a mathematical multi-criteria decision-making model as an aid in selecting the time for preventive maintenance
in distribution systems, with three criteria which have the greatest impact on decision-making: reliability, maintenance costs and
delays due to maintenance. The authors have shown the importance of the multi-criteria approach in maintenance scheduling and
successsfully demonstrated the PROMETHEE method in the electricity grid example.
1. Do the authors have available information as to which probability of failure allocations are related to other elements of the
Serbian Distribution Grid?
2. The paper mentions overhead grid maintenance, but there are no indications in the illustrated example as to which grid element
this estimate refers to. Is the method applicable to a wider set of grid elements?
3. What are the limitations concerning the implementation of this method?
Distribution infrastructure optimization for the new type of consumers
Reporter: dr Saša ĐEKIĆ, Serbia
R-5.10. MICROGRIDS IN POWER INDUSTRY OF SERBIA: POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES

Authors: D. STEVANOVIĆ, EPS, Zajeĉar, Srbija, A. JANJIĆ, Univerzitet Niš, Elektronski fakultet, Serbia
The paper analyzes the possibility of forming micro grids in the distribution system. It was concluded that the Serbian Electric Power
System has great potential for using micro grids, particularly in rural regions. This possibility was considered on a specific example of
a 10 kV connection supplying 6 villages, with 643 households, and 2338 residents, consisting of 14 substations 10/0.4 kV. The paper
gives an introduction of the issue of forming micro grids and opens many issues in reference with their practical implementation,
which will obviously be the subject of many further research work.
1. In what way was daily diagram approximation made, were the data from the observed consumption used and measured?
measured
2. How has frequency control been envisaged in system operating in insular regime?

R-5.01
EFIKASNI ALGORITAM ANALIZE TOKOVA SNAGA, MODIFIKOVANI ALGORITAM TOKOVA SNAGA NAHMAN I PERIĆ
Branko STOJANOVIĆ, Tehniĉki Opitni Centar, Srbija

Milan MOSKOVLJEVIĆ, Tehniĉki opitni centar, Srbija
Tomislav RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija
U radu je predstavljen jedan novi efikasni algoritam tokova snaga. Jednostavna matriĉna jednaĉina u kojoj figurira matrica admitansi
nezavisnih ĉvorova iskorišćena je za iterativno sraĉunavanje vektora napona ĉvorova. Gubici, koji su predmet proraĉuna sraĉunati
su na osnovu odbitka ukupne potrošnje od snage injektirane u nulti, ulazni (slack node) ĉvor. Zbog jednostavnosti matriĉnog
proraĉuna vremenski zahtevno programiranje zamenom napred/nazad pri konstrukciji jakobijan matrice ili matrice admitansi
nezavisnih ĉvorova potrebno kod tradicionalnih algoritama tokova snaga je izbegnuto. Nefleksibilnost ili uprošćenost je karakteristika
većine algoritama tokova snaga koji se zbog toga ne mogu koristiti za rešavanje problema rekonfiguracije distributivnih mreţa
metodom simulacije kaljenja. Problem sa kojim se suoĉava distributivni inţenjer je unošenje podataka konkretne konfiguracije
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distributivne mreţe u raĉunar što je promenljivo od konfiguracije do konfiguracije i zahteva mnogo vremena za pripremu i puštanje
programa. U ovom programu potrebno je samo admitansu grane koja se prekida setovati na 0. Iz ovih razloga razvijeni algoritam
primenjen sa taĉnim algoritmom tokova snaga predstavlja moćno oruţje svakog distributivnog inţenjera kada rešava dinamićke
probleme distributivnih mreţa kao što je njihova rekonfiguracija ili planiranje.
Kljuĉne reĉi: efikasni algoritam tokova snaga, distributivna mreţa, matrica admitansi nezavisnih ĉvorova, rekonfiguracija
distributivnih mreţa, simulacija kaljenja, problem planiranja distributivne mreţe.
EFFICIENT POWER FLOW ALGORITHM, MODIFIED ALGORITHM NAHMAN AND PERIĆ
This paper presents one novel power flow algorithm. Simple matrix equation with bus admittance matrix is used for network voltage
calculation. Losses are obtained by deduction of total load consumption from injected power into the slack node. Time consuming
forward/backward sweep for Jacobian matrix and Y bus admittance matrix construction is avoided. Simplification and unflexibility is
characteristic of many power flow algorithms what is the reason why they can not be used for distribution network reconfiguration
problem solved by simulated annealing technique. Crucial problem encountered by distribution engineer is feeding computer with
incoming data of distribution system what varies from configuration to configuration and is the most time consuming part of the
procedure. In presented programme the only thing that ought to be done is setting branch to be open admittance to zero. For this
reason this power flow algorithm combined with precise power flow algorithm represents powerful weapon of every distribution
engineer for solving dynamic distribution network problems such as reconfiguration or planning.
Key words: efficient power flow algorithm, distribution network, Y bus admittance matrix, distribution network reconfiguration,
simulated annealing, distribution network planning problem
R-5.02
PROGRAM ZA PROVERU POVEZANOSTI ENERGETSKOG SISTEMA
Tomislav RAJIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija

Branko STOJANOVIĆ, Tehniĉki Opitni Centar, Srbija
U radu je predstavljen program za proveru povezanosti energetskog sistema. Distributivni sistemi su veoma vaţni u savremenom
društvu pa shodno tome moraju biti adekvatno planirani da bi obezbedili efikasan i pouzdan rad. Većina elektriĉnih distributivnih
sistema su radijalni. Samim tim, radijalno ograniĉenje prisutno je kod problema rekonfiguracije i planiranja distributivnih mreţa. Iz tog
razloga, razvijen je program kojim se na jednostavan i brz naĉin moţe proverti da li je mreţa radijalna i povezana. Ovo je pre svega
korisno jer distributivne mreţe predstavljaju veliku i razgranatu strukturu. Jedna od metoda za utvrĊenje povezanosti je i algoritam
dubinskog prvog pretraţivanja (depth-first search). Njegova primena kod problema rekonfiguracije i planiranja distributivnih mreţa
nije dovoljna jer treba zadovoljiti i ograniĉenje broja grana za ostvarenje radijalne konfiguracije. Program koji je predstavljen u radu
prevazilazi ovo ograniĉenje i realizovan je pomoću programskog paketa MATLAB. Algoritam se sastoji u generisanju razliĉitih
konfiguracija zadate mreţe i proveravanju da li je mreţa u tom sluĉaju povezana i radijalna. Na izlazu iz programa dobija se
konfiguracija koja zadovoljava oba uslova. Nakon toga moguće je primeniti neku od metoda proraĉuna tokova snaga u distributivnim
mreţama i dobiti informaciju o gubicima u mreţi. Poseban doprinos ovog rada je što se relativno brzo generiše veliki broj razliĉitih
konfiguracija mreţe. Uz dodatak proraĉuna tokova snaga, predstavljeni program moţe biti od velike pomoći distributivnim
inţenjerima pri rekonfiguraciji mreţe.
Kljuĉne reĉi: distributivna mreţa, povezanost, radijalna konfiguracija, rekonfiguracija
PROGRAMME FOR POWER SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY CHECKING
This paper presents a programme for checking the connectivity of the power system. Distribution systems are very important in
modern society and therefore must be properly planned to ensure the efficient and reliable operation. Most of the electrical
distribution systems are radial. Therefore, the radial constraint is always present in distribution network reconfiguration and
expansion planning problems. For this reason, the programme has been developed for checking whether the network is radial and
connected in a simple and fast way. This is especially helpful because distribution network represents a large and diversified
structure. One of the methods for establishing connectivity is called depth-first search. This application is not sufficient because it
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does not guarantee achieving radial configuration. The programme that is presented in this paper overcomes this limitation and is
implemented in MATLAB language. The algorithm generates different configurations of network and then checking whether the
network in each case is connected and radial. The exit of the programme is the configuration that satisfies both conditions. After that
it is possible to apply some of the methods for calculation of power flow in distribution network and obtain information about the
losses in the network. The special contribution of this study is that it generates relatively quickly a large number of different network
configurations. With the addition of load flow algorithm this programme can be very helpful for solving network reconfiguration
problem.
Key words: distribution network, connectivity, radial configuration, reconfiguration.
R-5.03
PRORAĈUN NESIMETRIĈNIH TOKOVA SNAGA AKTIVNIH TROFAZNIH DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA
V. C. STREZOSKI, N. R. VOJNOVIĆ, P. M. VIDOVIĆ

Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Srbija
UtvrĊivanjem koncepta pametnih distributivnih mreţa znaĉajno su se zaoštrili zahtevi za razvojem energetskih aplikacija (proraĉuna)
koje su prilagoĊene tom modernom konceptu. S obzirom na to da su energetske aplikacije osnovna komponenta distributivnog
menadţment sistema (DMS), taj sistem je dobio vrlo vaţnu ulogu u razvoju koncepta pametnih distributivnih mreţa. Proraĉun tokova
snaga je osnovna energetska aplikacija DMS. Na tom proraĉunu se zasniva većina ostalih energetskih aplikacija. Proraĉun tokova
snaga je osnovni predmet rada. Ogromna većina "normalnih" reţima prenosnih (trofaznih) mreţa se aproksimira simetriĉnim
reţimima (direktnog redosleda). Za razliku od reţima tih mreţa, reţimi trofaznih (evropskih) distributivnih mreţa ne mogu se
generalno aproksimirati simetriĉnim reţimima. Nesimetrija reţima je posebno izraţena u niskonaponskim mreţama. Pored
neuravnoteţenosti tih mreţa, neuravnoteţenim potrošaĉima se znaĉajno degradira simetrija njihovih reţima. Nešto manje izraţena,
ta se nesimetrija prenosi i na srednjenaponske mreţe. Neuravnoteţenost srednjenaponskih mreţa dalje doprinosi nesimetriji njihovih
reţima. OdreĊen stepen nesimetrije reţima distributivnih mreţa se dodatno unosi egzaktnim tretmanom napona njihovih korena –
primara ili sekundara napojnih transformatora. Oni ne moraju biti simetriĉni. Dakle, aproksimacijama reţima distributivnih mreţa
simetriĉnim reţimima mogu se uneti relativno velike greške u proraĉune tokova snaga. Upravo je to osnovni akcenat predmeta rada.
Drugi vrlo vaţan akcenat je stavljen na to da tradicionalno pasivne distributivne mreţe danas su sve aktivnije u smislu instalacije sve
većeg broja distribuiranih generatora sve većih snaga. Na osnovu navedena dva akcenta proraĉuna distributivnih tokova snaga, u
radu je dokazano da tradicionalna klasifikacija ĉvorova u proraĉunima tokova snaga na tri tipa – balansni ĉvor i ĉvorove tipa PQ i PV
– ne odgovara proraĉunima nesimetriĉnih tokova snaga aktivnih distributivnih mreţa. Zbog toga je u radu predloţena nova
klasifikacija ĉvorova. Koristeći se njome, razvijena je odgovarajuća procedura za proraĉun tokova snaga prethodno navedenih
distributivnih mreţa. Ta procedura je verifikovana primerom male aktivne mreţe sa pet ĉvorova i jednom petljom, kao i primerima
proraĉuna srednjenaponskih slaboupetljanih aktivnih distributivnih mreţa uobiĉajenih dimenzija.
Kljuĉne reĉi: Distribuirani generatori, distributivne mreţe, klasifikacija ĉvorova, nesimetriĉni reţimi, neuravnoteţene mreţe, tokovi
snaga.
ASYMMETRICAL POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF ACTIVE THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
The established smart distribution grids concept significantly tightens requirements for development of power applications
(calculations) which are tailored in accordance with this modern concept. Since the set of power applications is the basic component
of distribution management system (DMS), this system became very important for the development of smart distribution grid
concept. The Power Flow Calculation is the basic DMS power application. It is the platform for the majority of other power
applications. Power Flow Calculation is the main subject of the paper. The great majority of the "normal" states of transmission
(three-phase) networks is approximated by (direct sequence) symmetrical states. Unlike the states of these networks, states of
three-phase (European) distribution networks cannot be approximated by symmetrical ones generally. The asymmetry is specially
emphasized in low-voltage networks' states. In addition to unbalance of these networks' lines, their unbalanced loads introduce high
level of asymmetry of these states. Slightly reduced, this asymmetry propagates into medium-voltage networks. Unbalanced
medium-voltage networks disturb the symmetry of these networks' states as well. The exact treatment of root voltages (primary- or
secondary-side voltages of supply transformers), which can be asymmetrical, additionally disturb the symmetry of distribution
networks' states. Therefore, approximation of distribution networks' states by symmetrical states can introduce relatively significant
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inaccuracies in power flow calculations. The accent of this paper is put exactly on this. Traditional distribution networks were passive.
Modern smart distribution grids are active in the sense that a great number of distributed generators of relatively high powers are
incorporated by them. Next to the abovementioned accent of this paper, this issue is the second very important part of the main
subject of the paper. Based on the two described accents of distribution power flow calculation, the paper proves that the traditional
bus classification (slack bus, PQ and PV buses) is not suitable for asymmetrical power flow calculation of active distribution
networks. Hence, a new bus classification is proposed in the paper. Using this classification, a new procedure for power flow
calculation of previously described distribution networks is developed. This procedure is verified on a small example of an active
network with five buses and a mesh, as well as on a few weakly-meshed active distribution networks of usual dimensions.
Key words: Asymmetrical states, bus classification, distributed generators, distribution networks, power flow, unbalanced networks.
R-5.04
UTICAJ NAĈINA MODELOVANJA DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA NA PRORAĈUN TOKOVA SNAGA
Dejan MILOŠEVIĆ, Elektrotehniĉki Institut „Nikola Tesla― a.d.Beograd i Elektrotehniĉki fakultet u Beogradu, Srbija
Nada VRCELJ, Elektrotehniĉki Institut „Nikola Tesla― a.d. Beograd, Srbija
Nikola ŠUŠNICA, Elektrotehniĉki Institut „Nikola Tesla― a.d. Beograd, Srbija
Vesna STANOJEVIĆ, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Srbija
Planiranje razvoja mreţe, procena kvaliteta isporuke elektriĉne energije, optimizacija pogonskih stanja mreţe i valorizacija efekata
automatizacije su samo neke od oblasti u kojima znaĉajno mesto zauzimaju proraĉuni tokova snaga. Da bi rezultati pomenutih
analiza bili kvalitetni, neophodno je što detaljnije i preciznije modelovati ţeljena pogonska stanja distributivnih mreţa.
Raspoloţivost ulaznih podataka direktno utiĉe na metodologiju modelovanja. Parametri elemenata mreţe zavise od pogonskih stanja
i obiĉno se koriste standardne kataloške vrednosti proraĉunate za standardom definisane uslove.
Pri proraĉunima tokova snaga za potrebe odreĊivanja gubitaka aktivne snage najveći uticaj na rezultate proraĉuna ima promena
poduţne elektriĉne otpornosti vodova sa trenutnim ambijentalnim uslovima. Ukoliko se pri modelovanju umesto kataloških vrednosti
u proraĉunima koriste poduţne elektriĉne otpornosti vodova sa uvaţenim uticajem trenutnih pogonskih uslova proraĉun gubitaka
aktivne snage daje razliĉite vrednosti. Upravo je ova ĉinjenica podstakla autore da izvrše detaljnu procenu temperature provodnika i
uvrste korigovane vrednosti poduţne otpornosti vodova u modelima mreţe sa vršnim opterećenjima u letnjem i zimskom periodu
2014. godine. Ujedno, u ovim trenutcima su temperature ambijenta bile znaĉajno više, odnosno niţe, od kataloških, tako da se efekti
lakše uoĉavaju.
Analize su izvršene na modelu distributivne mreţe Beograda, koja je tako koncipirana da postoji veliki broj kablova poloţenih u istom
rovu. Iz tog razloga uvaţen je i uticaj paralelnog voĊenja na povećanje temperature provodnika.
Procena uticaja oba pomenuta efekta je data kao razlika u proraĉunatim vrednostima gubitaka aktivne snage u odnosu na stanje
kada nijedan od efekata nije uvaţen (kataloške vrednosti parametara vodova).
Kljuĉne reĉi: modelovanje distributivnih mreţa, poduţna otpornost, temperatura ambijenta, paralelno voĊenje kablova, gubici
aktivne snage
INFLUENCE OF MODELING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON LOAD FLOW
Network development planning, assessment of quality of supply electric energy, the optimization of operational state of network and
evaluating effects of automation are just some of the areas where a significant place is occupied by load flow. That the results of
mentioned analyzes would be good quality, it is necessary to create desired operational state of distributuion network with more
details and accuracy.
Availability of the input data directly affects the calculation methodology. Parameters of the network elements depend on the
operational state and usually use standard catalog values calculated for the standard defined condition.
When power flow calculation for the determination of power losses in, the greatest influence on the calculation results has a change
of the longitudinal electrical resistance with current environmental conditions. If in the modeling instead of catalog values in
calculations are using longitudinal electrical resistance, which include current operating conditions, calculations of active power
losses give different results. It is this fact that encourage the authors to carry out a detailed assessment of conductor temperature
and incorporate corrected values of the longitudinal electrical resistance of lines in the network model with peak workloads in the
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summer and winter of 2014. At this time as the ambient temperature are significantly higher, or lower, from the catalog, so that the
effects are more easily noticed.
Analyses are performed on a model of the distribution network area of Belgrade, which is designed as a large number of cables laid
in the same trench. For this reason, taken account the effect of parallel conduct to increase the temperature of the conductor.
Assessment of the impact of both these effects is given by the difference in the calculated values of active power losses compared to
the situation when none of the effects is respected (catalog value parameter lines).
Key words: modeling of distribution networks, longitudinal resistance, ambient temperature, parallel cable routing, active power
losses
R-5.05
UPOREDNA ANALIZA HEURISTIĈKIH METODA REKONFIGURACIJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA
D. ŠOŠIĆ, P. STEFANOV
Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, Srbija
Većina distributivnih mreţa se projektuje da radi kao radijalna mreţa, a sve u cilju postizanja efikasne koordinacije zaštite pojedinih
elemenata mreţe. Distributivni fideri pored ostalih elemenata sadrţe i odreĊeni broj normalno zatvorenih (sekcionih) i normalno
otvorenih (poveznih) prekidaĉa. U prisustvu kvara, neki od sekcionih prekidaĉa će se otvoriti u cilju izolovanja dela fidera koji je
obuhvaćen kvarom. U isto vreme, odreĊeni broj poveznih prekidaĉa će se zatvoriti u cilju prebacivanja dela ili celokupne izolovane
potrošnje na druge fidere ili na druge grane istog fidera. Posle otklanjanja kvara svi prekidaĉi će se vratiti u svoje normalno radno
stanje.
U normalnim radnim reţimima ovi prekidaĉi se mogu periodiĉno koristiti za rekonfiguraciju distributivne mreţe u cilju povećanja
pouzdanosti mreţe, smanjivanja gubitaka aktivne snage ili za balansiranje potrošnje. Procenjeno je da se od ukupne proizvodnje
elektriĉne energije, ne raĉunajući ilegalno preuzimanje elektriĉne energije, od 5% do 13% troši na gubitke u distributivnoj mreţi.
Kao rezultat rekonfiguracije moţe se desiti da se celokupna potrošnja fidera, ili jedan njen deo, prebaci na drugi fider pomoću
zatvaranja odgovarajućih poveznih prekidaĉa i otvaranja odgovarajućih sekcionih prekidaĉa. MeĊutim manipulacije ovih prekidaĉa
moraju da budu usklaĊene tako da se oĉuva radijalnost distributivne mreţe.
Sa druge strane, ĉak i za relativno male distributivne mreţe broj nezavisnih prekidaĉkih operacija je toliko veliki da bi sprovoĊenje
proraĉuna tokova snaga za svaku moguću kombinaciju postalo nepraktiĉno i neprihvatljivo i za primenu u postupku planiranja. U
struĉnoj literaturi postoji više heuristiĉkih metoda koje se koriste za rekonfiguraciju distributivne mreţe. Heuristiĉke tehnike su
zapravo optimizacioni procesi za nalaţenje rešenja upotrebom karakteristika sistema, koje mogu biti definisane pomoću
odgovarajućih koeficijenata. Ovi koeficijenti mogu da budu jednostavni (dobijeni na osnovu slobodnog nahoĊenja ili iskustva autora)
ili sa druge strane mogu da se zasnivaju na rešavanju sloţenih problema pomoću analize osetljivosti potpunog ili uprošćenog
matematiĉkog modela. U ovom radu će na mreţi od 38 ĉvorova biti testirano više heuristiĉkih metoda za rekonfiguraciju distributivne
mreţe koje su dostupne u struĉnoj literaturi.
Kljuĉne reĉi: rekonfiguracija, distributivne mreţe, smanjenje gubitaka, heuristiĉke metode.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEURISTIC METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION
Most of distribution network is projected to operate as a radial network, with the aim of achieving effective coordination of protection
of individual network elements. Distribution feeders contain a number of switches that are normally closed (sectionalizing) and
switches that are normally open (tie). In the presence of a fault, some of the sectionalizing switches will be opened in order to isolate
the faulted network branches. At the same time a certain number of of tie switches will be closed in order to transfer part or all of
insulated load on other feeders or other branches of the same feeder. All switches would be restored to their normal positions after
removal of the fault.
In the normal operating conditions these switches can be used to periodically reconfigure the distribution network in order to increase
reliability, reduce power losses or for load balancing. It was estimated that between 5% and 13%, not counting the illegal
consumption, of the total power system generation is wasted losses in the distribution network.
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As a result of reconfiguration it can happen that the overall feeder consumption, or one of its parts, is transferred to another feeder
by closing the corresponding sectionalizing switch and opening the appropriate tie switches. However, manipulation of these
switches must be coordinated in order to conserve the radial structure of the distribution network.
On the other hand, even for a relatively small distribution network the number of independent switching operationis so big that the
implementation of load flow calculations for each possible combination became impractical and unacceptable even for use in the
planning process. In literature there are more heuristic methods that are used for the reconfiguration the distribution network.
Heuristic techniques are actually optimization processes for finding solutions using the features of the system, which can be defined
using the appropriate coefficients. These coefficients can be simple (obtained on the basis of free sole discretion or experience of the
author) or on the other hand may be based on solving complex problems by using sensitivity analysis of complete or simplify
mathematical models. In this work several heuristic methods for reconfiguration of the distribution network will be tested on the test
network of 38 nodes.
Key words: reconfiguration, distribution network, loss reduction, heuristic methods.
R-5.06
PLANIRANJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH MREŢA U SVETLU EVROPSKE DIREKTIVE O ENERGETSKOJ EFIKASNOSTI
Aleksandar JANJIĆ, Elektronski fakultet Niš
Evropska unija je 2012. godine usvojila Direktivu 2012/27/EU o energetskoj efikasnosti. Glavne nove mere koje je propisala nova
Direktive, a tiĉu se prenosa i distribucije su: Godišnja obaveza za distrubutere energije i/ili kompanija koje se bave prodajom
energije, da smanje prodaju energije krajnjim korisnicima za 1,5%
• Obaveza operatora prenosnog i distributnog sistema da na transparentan i nediskriminatorski naĉin upravljaju sistemskim
uslugama.
• Obaveza operatora distributivnog sistema da aktivnije uĉestvuje u upravljanju potrošnjom i programima daljinskog oĉitavanja
potrošnje. U ovom radu se razmatraju mogućnosti da se zahtevane odredbe sprovode i u Srbiji.
Kljuĉne reĉi: energetska efikasnost, gubici, planiranje, transformatori.
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK PLANNING IN THE LIGHT OF EU DIRECTIVE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY
A. JANJIĆ, University of Nis, Faculty of Electronic engineering
European Union adopted the 2012/27/EU directive of energy efficiency. Principle measures imposed by this directive concerning
power distribution sector refer to reduction of energy sale to the final consumers for 1, 5%; transparent and non-discriminatory
approach to auxiliary service provision and more active engagement in demand side and advanced measurement infrastructure.
ECO design directive 2009/125/EC makes the frame for producers of electrical equipment to increase energy efficiency in the
network design phase, and reduce the negative impact to the environment during the product lifecycle.
National and European legislative in the field of energy efficiency is presented and analyzed in this paper. Some new measures are
proposed to fulfil requirements during the distribution network planning. Proposed measures encompass the selection of distribution
transformer level of constant and variable losses, introduction of renewable sources in order to reduce transformer losses and the
introduction of general substation energy efficiency ratio.
Key words: energy efficiency, losses, planning, transformers.
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R-5.07
ANALIZA EFEKATA UGRADNJE FIKSNE KOMPENZACIJE

NA NISKONAPONSKIM DISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA
M. BEĈIĆ, F. FIDIĆ, JP EP BiH Podruţnica ED Zenica, BiH

S. ĐEKIĆ, SF Univerziteta u Istoĉnom Sarajevu, BiH
U predmetnom radu prikazana je analiza uticaja ugradnje fiksne kompenzacije duţ magistralnih vodova niskonaponske mreţe na
naponske prilike, tokove snaga i energije na distributivnim elektroenergetskim mreţama. U radu su prikazani rezultati nastali
analizom mjernih podataka dobijenih u realnim eksploatacionim uslovima primjenom sistema multifunkcijskih mjernih garnitura i
koncentratora podataka kao i vremenski paralelnim monitoringom parametara kvalitete elektriĉne energije, snimljenih
specijalizovanim instrumentom. Prikazani su znaĉajni efekti na naponske prilike, tokove snaga i energije, podizanja energetske
efikasnosti sistema kao i finansijske uštede, što je dokazano na primjeru jednog trafopodruĉja. U zakljuĉku rada predlaţe se
masovnija primjena ugradnje fiksne kompenzacije na pogodnim mjestima duţ niskonaponskih vodova.
Kljuĉne rijeĉi: kompenzacija, niskonaponska mreţa, naponske prilike, tokovi snaga.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF APPLICATION OF FIXED COMPENSATION

ON THE LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
In the presented paper is shown analyze from influence of installing fixed compensation along the main lines of low voltage network
on the voltage conditions, power flow and energy to electricity distribution networks. The paper presents the results of the analysis of
the resulting measurement data obtained in real exploitation conditions using the multifunction system of measurement systems with
data concentrators and the time synchronized monitoring power quality, recorded by specialized instrument. Significant effects on
voltage conditions, power and energy flow, raising energy efficiency of the system as well as financial savings are shown, what is
demonstrated in the example of a transformer area. In conclusion, it is proposed to mass application installation of fixed
compensation at appropriate places along the low-voltage lines.
Key words: compensation, low-voltage network, voltage, power flow.
R-5.08
PREDLOG MERA ZA SMANJENJE TEHNIĈKIH GUBITAKA U SREDNJENAPONSKOJ DISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI 10 kV
Dragan ĆETENOVIĆ*, V. MIJAILOVIĆ, A. RANKOVIĆ

Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Ĉaĉak, Srbija
Postojeća distributivna mreţa Srbije je neekonomiĉna, što se prvenstveno ogleda u izrazito velikim tehniĉkim gubicima. Prema
podacima koje je objavila Svetska banka (2012. godina), gubici elektriĉne energije u elektroenergetskom sistemu Srbije su i do 3
puta veći u poreĊenju sa razvijenim zemljama Evrope i Japanom. Cilj autora je da pokaţu da se smanjenje tehniĉkih gubitaka u
distributivnoj mreţi moţe postići preduzimanjem sledećih mera: povećanjem popreĉnog preseka kablovskih i nadzemnih vodova,
zamenom preopterećenih i dotrajalih energetskih transformatora klasiĉne konstrukcije transformatorima sa amorfnim jezgrom i
kompenzacijom reaktivne snage. TakoĊe, povećanje popreĉnog preseka provodnika u odnosu na minimalno potreban daje
mogućnosti za povećanje snage distribuiranih izvora koji se mogu prikljuĉiti na dati izvod, uz poštovanje svih tehniĉkih normi. Analiza
predloţenih mera je sprovedena na primeru distributivne mreţe 10 kV za dva sluĉaja: kada se opravdanost primene predloţenih
mera proverava u fazi planiranja izgradnje novog objekta i kada se vrši jednostavna rekonstrukcija tokom eksploatacije već
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izgraĊene mreţe. Analize su sprovedene za realne cene opreme, radova i cenu elektriĉne energije u Srbiji. Shodno tome, pokazatelji
o uštedama i periodima otplate investicija mogu se smatrati pesimistiĉkim.
Kljuĉne reĉi: rekonstrukcija, gubici elektriĉne energije, distributivna mreţa, popreĉni presek provodnika, transformatori sa amorfnim
jezgrom.
PROPOSED MEASURES FOR TECHNICAL LOSSES REDUCTION IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 10 kV
The existing electrical distribution network in Serbia is uneconomical. Because of that, technical losses are extremely high.
According to data published by the World Bank (2012.), the losses in the electric power system of Serbia are up to 3 times higher
than in the developed countries of Europe and Japan. The aim of the authors is to show that the reduction of technical losses in
electrical distribution network can be achieved by implementing the following measures: increasing the cross-section of cables' and
overhead lines' conductors, replacing overloaded and obsolete power transformers of conventional constructions with amorphous
core transformers and reactive power compensation. Also, increasing of the conductors cross-section in relation to the minimum
required cross-section gives an opportunity for increasing a distributed generation hosting capacity that can be connected to a given
feeder, in compliance with all technical limitations. As an example, analysis of the proposed measures is performed for electrical
distribution network 10 kV for two cases: when the validity of the proposed measures applying is checked during the planning stage
and when the analysis is done during the exploitation period. Analyses were conducted for the real price of equipment, manpower,
and the price of electrical energy in Serbia. As a result, indices on savings and payback periods of investments can be considered as
pessimistic.
Key words: Reconstruction, Electrical energy losses, Electrical distribution network, Conductor cross-section, Amorphous core
transformer.
R-5.09
VIŠEKRITERIJUMSKO PLANIRANJE AKTIVNOSTI NA ODRŢAVANJU NADZEMNE MREŢE
Bojan KOJIĈIĆ, Istraţivaĉko-razvojni centar ―Alfatec‖, Niš, Srbija

Aleksandar JANJIĆ, Elektronski Fakultet, Niš, Srbija
Odrţvanje je postalo kritiĉna funkcija u mnogim elektroprivrednim organizacijama i sistemimam ukljuĉujući i proizvodnju i prenos i
distribuciju. Povećano interesovanje za odrţavanje ogleda se u ţelji za smanjenjem troškova, koji iznose i do 30% ukupnih
operativnih troškova. U ovom radu predstavljena je višekriterijumska analiza odrţavanja pri izboru preventivnih aktivnosti na
nadzemnoj mreţi. Tri kriterijuma imaju najviše uticaja na odluĉivanje: pouzdanosti, troškovi odrţavanja i troškovi prekida
Kljuĉne reĉi: višekriterijumska analiza, odrţavanje, PROMETHEE, pouzdanost.
MULTICRITERIA SCHEDULING OF OVERHEAD GRID MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
Maintenance has become a critical function in many electric power organizations and systems, including both production and
transmission as well as distribution. A growing interest in maintenance is reflected in the desire to reduce costs, which can go up to
30 per cent of the total operation costs. This paper presents a multi-criteria analysis of maintenance in selecting preventive activities
in the overhead grid. Three criteria have the greatest impact on decision-making: reliability, costs of maintenance and costs of
delays.
Key words: multicriteria analysis, maintenance, PROMETHEE, reliability.
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R-5.10
MIKRO MREŢE U ENERGETSKOM SISTEMU SRBIJE: MOGUĆNOSTI I IZAZOVI
D. STEVANOVIĆ, EPS, Zajeĉar,

A. JANJIĆ, Univerzitet Niš, Elektronski fakultet, Srbija
Mikro mreţa predstavlja integrisani sistem sa lokalno razuĊenim opterećenjima, izvorima energije i kapacitetima za skladiranje
energije. Rad mikro mreţe je moguć u ostrvskom reţimu (van mreţe) i u reţimu kada je ona povezana na mreţu. U ovom radu biće
predstavljene osnovne tehniĉke karakteristike mikro mreţe. Kao ilustracija ovog koncepta, biće predstavljena mogućnost rada 10 kV
izvoda „Zapadna sela― kao mikro mreţe, koji se napaja iz TS 35/10kV „Sokobanja―. Mikro mreţe mogu imati vaţnu ulogu u
transformaciji elektriĉne mreţe, pre svega zbog mogućnosti rada u ostrvskom reţimu, autonomno od ostatka energetskog sistema,
ĉime se povećava pouzdanost sistema. Energetski sistem Srbije ima veliki potencijal za korišćenje mikro mreţa, naroĉito u ruralnim
oblastima. Ovaj rad analizira mogućnosti rada 10 kV izvoda kao mikro mreţe. Razmatrani izvod napaja 6 sela, sa 643 domaćinstava,
odnosno 2338 stanovnika, i sastoji se od 14 trafo stanica 10/0,4 kV
Kljuĉne reĉi: mikro mreţa, relejna zaštita, obnovljivi izvori energije.
MICRO NETWORK IN SERBIAN ENERGY SYSTEM: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Microgrid represents an integrated power system with locally dispersed loads, energy sources and energy storage capacities. The
operation of a microgrid is possible in both island conditions (off grid) and connected to the local grid (on grid). In this paper, the
overview of basic technical characteristics of a microgrid has been presented. As an illustration of this concept, the determination of
technical parameters necessary for the operation of 10 kV feeder ―West villages‖ as a microgrid, in 35/10 kV TS ―Sokobanja‖ has
been given.
Keywords: microgrid, relay protection, renewable energy.
Izveštaj STK 6
Studijski Komitet 6
TRŢIŠTE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I DEREGULACIJA
Predsednik komisije: Dr Nenad KATIĆ, Fakultet Tehniĉkih Nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
Ĉlanovi komisije i struĉni izvestioci:
Dr Gordan TANIĆ, Agencija za Energetiku Republike Srbije, Beograd,
Mr Vladimir JANKOVIĆ, EMS, Beograd
Dr Savo DJUKIĆ, Fakultet Tehniĉkih Nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
U predviđenom roku za prijem radova i nakon razmatranja od strane recenzenata i struĉnih izvestilaca, prihvaćeno je 6
radova u skladu sa preferencijalnim temama iz poziva za pisanje referata:
 Otvaranje trţišta elektriĉne energije i deregulacija elektroprivrede u regionu.
 Metodologije regulacije i iskustva u primeni.
 Mehanizmi i iskustva u radu trţišta elektriĉne energije, novi snabdevaĉi i iskustva ugovaranja isporuke sa potrošaĉima.
 Smart Grid rešenja u uslovima konkurencije na otvorenom trţištu.
Ĉlanovi komisije su izvrsili recenzije prijavljenih referata i u nastavku su data zapaţanja, komentari i pitanja autorima za
diskusiju na savetovanju.
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R-6.01 REDIZAJN TARIFA ZATEGORIJE DOMAĆINSTVO
Autori: S. AGANOVIĆ, FERK Mostar, Bosna i Hercegovina
E. AGANOVIĆ, NOSBIHB Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
Recenzent: Dr Gordan TANIĆ, Agencija za Energetiku Republike Srbije, Beograd, Srbija
Rad predstavlja jedan od mogućih pristupa unapreĊenja tarifnog dizajna uvoĊenjem tarife za snagu kod kategorije domaćinstvo kako
bi se pravednije izvršila alokacija fiksnih troškova vezanih za korišćenje distributivne mreţe. Rad bi mogao da detaljnije opiše kako bi
se alocirali troškovi za snagu izmeĊu ostalih korisnika distributivne mreţe I domaćinstava kao I izmeĊu navedenih grupa u okviru
kategorije domaćinstvo. Nije jasno, obzirom da su grupe vezane za meseĉnu potrošnju, da li to znaĉi da će domaćinstva iz meseca u
mesec plaćati razliĉitu snagu u zavisnosti od potrošnje? Kako je izabrana godina za raĉunanje zamenskog dijagrama potrošnje,
obzirom da godišnje, i meseĉne potrošnje u tim godinama, mogu znatno da osciliraju? Bilo bi dobro kada bi se u radu videli
egzaktniji podaci odnosno odreĊeni case study kako bi mogli više da se odredimo prema predlogu. Predlaţem da to autori urade u
svojoj prezentaciji.
Pitanja:
1. Zašto bi bila razliĉita vrednost tarife za snagu izmeĊu grupa domaćinstava?
2. Da li bi tarifa za snagu bila progresivna ili degresivna?
3. Kolika bi iznosila snaga po predloţenim grupam, iz priloţenih dijagrama ona je izuzetno niska?
4. Da li su napravljeni neki proraĉuni kako bi se to odrazilo na raĉun, pa samim tim i na potrošnju domaćinstava?
R-6.02 ZNAĈAJ DANA SA VELIKIM DOGAĐAJEM NA DEREGULISANOM TRŢIŠTU ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE

Autori: J. V. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, Srbija
M. DOĈIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Leskovac, Srbija
J. SPIRIĆ, JP „Elektroprivreda― Srbije, Odsek za tehniĉke usluge Leskovac, Srbija
Recenzent: Mr Vladimir JANKOVIĆ, EMS, Beograd, Srbija
Ovaj rad se bavi unapreĊenjem metodologije za proraĉun pokazatelja pouzdanosti koji bi se mogli koristiti prilikom definisanja
podsticajnih šema za regulaciju distributivne delatnosti.
Pitanja:
1. Na koji naĉin se definiše dugotrajni prekid napajanja?
2. Koji su uzroĉnici dana velikih dogaĊaja (MED) navedenih u tabeli 2 za ogranak Leskovac sa aspekta kategorizacije uzroka
pobrojanih na slikama 1 i 2?
3. U kojoj meri su harmonizovane metodologija i praksa proraĉuna pokazatelja pouzdanosti na nivou ODS-a?
R-6.03 POKAZATELJI POUZDANOSTI I MOGUĆNOST PRIMENE PODSTICAJNIH ŠEMA NA POVEĆANJE

POGONSKE SPREMNOSTI – STUDIJA SLUĈAJA TS 110/35 kV/kV „BEOGRAD 10 – MISLOĐIN“
Autori: M. MINIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, ODS Beograd, Srbija,
Ţ. MARKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, EPS Beograd, Srbija,
A. MARKOVIĆ, Agencija za energetiku, Beograd, Srbija
Recenzent: Dr Nenad KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija
U radu je dat kratak opis pokazatelja pouzdanosti i podsticajnih šema u Norveškoj, Italiji i MaĊarskoj. Analiziran je sluĉaj TS
110/35kV MisloĊin sa vrlo lošim pokazateljima pouzdanosti, naroĉito u sluĉaju obraĉuna SAIDI/SAIFI za konzum ogranka.
Predloţena su odreĊena rešenja za poboljšanje pokazatelja pouzdanosti.
Pitanja:
1. Da li se u Srbiji oĉekuje uvoĊenje podsticajnih šema prilikom formiranja distributivnih tarifa?
2. Koliki su proseĉni pokazatelji pouzdanosti ODS Srbije u odnosu na evropske zemlje?
R-6.04 REDUKCIJA GUBITAKA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE KORIŠĆENJEM ADMS OPTIMIZACIONIH APLIKACIJA

Autori: J. KATIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS, Novi Sad, Srbija
N. KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
Recenzent: Dr Savo ĐUKIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
U radu su opisana tri pristupa za smanjenje gubitaka elektriĉne energije u distributivnoj mreţi – Optimalna Rekonfiguracija Mreţe i
Volt Var Optimizacija za smanjenje tehniĉkih i Revizija Potrošnje Elektriĉne Energije za smanjenje komercijalnih gubitaka. Prva dva
pristupa su verifikovana na realnoj distributivnoj mreţi sa 300 000 stanovnika (180 000 potrošaĉa). TakoĊe, opisani su postignuti
rezultati u smanjenju gubitaka primenom razmatranih metodologija za nekoliko elektrodistributivnih kompanija. Zakljuĉeno je da se
primenom analiziranih metodologija moţe ostvariti znaĉajno poboljšanje efikasnosti rada distributivnog sistema i znaĉajno smanjenje
troškova usled gubitaka elektriĉne energije.
Pitanja:
1. Koji faktori utiĉu na izbor optimalnog pristupa za smanjenje gubitaka elektriĉne energije?
2. Da li su autori razmatrali analizirane pristupe sa aspekta potrebnih ulaganja ili sa aspekta odnosa troškova i dobiti?
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3. Da li je autorima poznato da li su i (ako jesu) koje tehnike korišćene u Elektrovojvodini za sinhronizaciju podataka u okviru
implementirane metodologije Revizije potrošnje elektriĉne energije?
R-6.05 OBRAĈUN DEBALANSA PROIZVOĐAĈA U SISTEMU PODSTICAJA

Autori: N. KRULJ, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Matiĉno preduzeće a.d. Trebinje, BiH
S. RIKALO, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Matiĉno preduzeće a.d. Trebinje, BiH
D. MURATOVIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Matiĉno preduzeće a.d. Trebinje, BiH
J. LAŢETIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Matiĉno preduzeće a.d. Trebinje, BiH
Recenzent: Mr Vladimir JANKOVIĆ, EMS, Beograd, Srbija
Ovaj rad se bavi veoma aktuelnom temom pokrivanja troškova bilansiranja elektriana koje koriste obnovljive izvore, a ĉija se
proizvodnja podstiĉe putem garantovane otkupne cene. Opisan je sistem delimiĉne balansne odgovornosti ovih proizvoĊaĉa koji je
uveden u Republici Srpskoj, a koji se primenjuje od poĉetka 2016. godine. Detaljno su analizirani efekti uvoĊenja ovakvog sistema
podsticaja u prva ĉetiri meseca primene.
Pitanja:
1. S obzirom da se troškovi balansiranja pojedinih proizvoĊaĉa iz obnovljivih izvora delimiĉno pokrivaju, ko snosi preostale
troškove balansiranja koje ima Operator sistema podsticaja?
2. Koji je neto finasijski efekat Operatora sistema podsticaja na osnovu balanske grupe u prva ĉetiri meseca 2016. godine,
uzimajući u obzir prihode i rashode sa aspekta balanske odgovornosti i prikupljena sredstva od proizvoĊaĉa iz obnovljivih izvora
po osnovu troškova debalansa?
3. Koji proizvoĊaĉi u sistemu obaveznog otkupa nemaju bavezu plaćanja troškova debalansa?
4. Da li Operator sistema podsticaja radi ili planira da radi samostalno prognozu ukupne proizvodnje iz obnovljivih izvora na nivou
svoje balansne grupe?
5. Koliko sati tokom aprila 2016. godine je zabeleţena negativna cena za pozitivan debalans i u kojim delovima dana?
R-6.06 ISKUSTVA SA SNABDEVANJEM POTROŠAĈA PRI OTVARANJU TRŢIŠTA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U

SRBIJI
Autori: N. MILOŠEVIĆ, ―EPS distribucija‖ Beograd – ogranak Subotica, Srbija
N. KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, Srbija
Recenzent: Dr Savo ĐUKIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija
U radu su opisane dosadašnje aktivnosti na sprovoĊenju procesa deregulacije Elektroprivrede Srbije, te predstavljena pravila
snabdevanja krajnjih potrošaĉa. Prezentovana su dosadašnja iskustva u snabdevanju, posebno sa aspekta operatora distributivnog
sistema. Detektovani su sledeći problemi: problem neobaveštenosti kupca i operatora distributivnog sistema, problem
neprimenjivanja procedure pri promeni snabdevaĉa, problem razmene podataka pri isteku ugovora sa trenutnim snabdevaĉem i
problem sprovoĊenja obustave isporuke elektriĉne energije na zahtev snabdevaĉa. U zakljuĉku rada definisane su mere ĉija bi
primena znaĉajno doprinela rešavanju razmatranih problema.
Pitanja:
1. Koje su, prema mišljenju autora, aktivnosti preostale kako bi se zaokruţio proces reorganizacije i deregulacije Elektroprivrede
Srbije?
2. Da li je proces formiranja jedinstvenog operatora distributivnog sistema imao pozitivnih ili negativnih efekata na detektovane
probleme?
3. Koje mere bi mogle doprineti rešavanju detektovanog problema nepristupaĉnosti mernog mesta?
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EC 6 Report
Expert Committee 6
DEREGULATION, OPEN MARKET AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY
Session Chairman – Dr Nenad KATIC, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
Members of the Session 6:
Dr Gordan TANIĆ, Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Mr Vladimir JANKOVIĆ, EMS, Belgrade, Serbia
Dr Savo DJUKIĆ, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
After submission and reviewing of all papers by reviewers, 6 paper were accepted according to preferential subjects from the Call for
papers:
 Opening of electricity market and deregulation of electricity sector in the region.
 Methodologies of regulation and experiences.
 Principles and experiences of electricity markets, new electricity providers and experiences in contracting deliveries.
 Smart Grid solutions in competitive environment of open electricity market.
Members of the Session Committee 6 made review of all papers, and their comments, remarks and questions to authors, for
discussion during the Conference, are presented in this report.
R-6.01 REDISIGN OF TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD CATEGORY

Autori: S. AGANOVIĆ, FERK Mostar, Bosnia & Hercegovina
E. AGANOVIĆ, NOSBIHB Sarajevo, Bosnia & Hercegovina
Reviewer: Dr Gordan TANIĆ, Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
The paper presents one approach to tariff design, implementing tariff for demand in household category, to improve justification of
distribution network fixed cost distribution. The author should more clarify how to allocate demand cost between other network users
and between groups in household category. To clarify, if household groups are related to monthly consumption, does it mean that
household groups will pay different demand cost depending on their consumption? How is selected a year for calculation of
simulation load diagram, since annual and monthly consumptions can significantly variate? The paper should present more exact
data and case studies, to provide better understanding of the proposal, and authors should present that on the conference.
Questions:
1. Why should tariffs have different amount for demand between household groups?
2. Would demand tariff be progressive or regressive?
3. What should be demand amount per recommended groups, because in presented diagrams it is very low?
4. Does sensitive analysis is made, how it would affect electricity bill and household consumption?
R-6.02 AN IMPORTANCE OF MAJOR EVENT DAY IN DEREGULATED ELECTRICITY MARKET

Authors: J. V. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, Serbia
M. DOĈIĆ, EPS, technical services branch Leskovac, Serbia
J. SPIRIĆ, EPS, technical services branch Leskovac, Serbia
Reviewer: Mr Vladimir JANKOVIĆ, EMS, Belgrade, Serbia
This paper presents improvement of reliability indices calculation methodology, which might be used for definition of incentive
methods in regulation of electricity distribution sector.
Questions:
1. What is the definition of long term outage?
2. What may be causes of the Major Event Day (MED) presented in Table 2 for branch Leskovac, from the point of categorization
of causes listed in Figures 1 and 2?
3. How much are matching practice and methodology for calculation of reliability indices on ODS level?
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R-6.03 RELIABILITY INDICES AND APPLICABILITY OF INCENTIVES METHODS TO IMPROVE AVAILABILITY –
CASE STUDY WITH SUBSTATION 110/35 Kv “BELGRADE 10 - MISLODJIN”
Autori: M. MINIĆ, University of Belgrade, ODS Belgrade, Serbia
Ţ. MARKOVIĆ, University of Belgrade, EPS Belgrade, Serbia
A. MARKOVIĆ, Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Reviewer: Dr Nenad KATIC, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper presents the short overview of reliability indices and incentives methodologies in Norway, Hungary and Italy. The case of
Substation 110/35kV ―Mislodjin‖ with very bad reliability indices was analyzed, especially in case of SAIDI/SAIFI calculation for the
whole electricity branch. Several solutions for improvement of reliability indices are presented.
Questions:
1. Is it expected in Serbia to implement incentive methodologies in regulation of distribution tariffs?
2. What are average reliability indices for ODS of Serbia, in comaprison with European countries?
R-6.04 POWER LOSSES REDUCTION USING ADVANCED DMS FUNCTIONS

Authors: J. KATIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS, Novi Sad, Serbia
N. KATIĆ, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
Reviewer: Dr Savo DJUKIC, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper describes the three methodologies for power losses reduction in distribution networks: Optimal Network Reconfiguration
and Volt Var Optimization for technical losses reduction and Electricity Consumption Auditing for non-technical losses reduction. The
first two approaches are verified on a real distribution network with 300 000 residents (180 000 consumers). The results achieved in
reducing losses by applying considered methodologies for several electricity distribution companies are also described. It is
concluded that the use of these methodologies can achieve a significant improvement in efficiency of the distribution system and a
significant reduction in costs due to energy losses.
Questions:
1. What factors influence the selection of the optimal approach for energy losses reduction?
2. Did authors discuss the analyzed approach in terms of necessary investments, or in terms of a cost-benefit?
3. Do the authors know what techniques are used in Elektrovojvodina (if any), for data synchronization within the implemented
Electricity Consumption Auditing methodology?
R-6.05 SETTLMENT OF PRODUCERS DEBALANCE IN INCENTIVE SYSTEM

Authors: N. KRULJ, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina,
S. RIKALO, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina
D. MURATOVIĆ , MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina
J. LAŢETIĆ, MH „Elektroprivreda Rep.Srpske―, Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina
Reviewer: Mr Vladimir JANKOVIĆ, EMS, Belgrade, Serbia
This paper presents the actual topic of covering balancing costs of renewables, which production is stimulated by guaranteed
feeding tariffs. The system of partial balancing responsibility of producers applied in Republic of Serpska is described, implemented
from the beginning of 2016. Effects and experiences in the first four months of implementation are analyzed.
Questions:
1. Since balancing costs of renewable producers are partially covered, who is responsible for remaining costs suffered by System
operator?
2. What is financial net effect of System operator related to balancing groups in the first four months of 2016, taking into account
revenues and expenses related to balancing responsibilities and collected revenues from renewable producers?
3. Which producers in the system of mandatory redemption don’t have obligation of paying variation balance costs?
4. Does System Operator plan to make own forecast of renewable production in own balancing group?
5. How many hours in April 2016 was recorded negative price for positive balance variation and in which parts of a day?
R-6.06 EXPERIENCE WITH CONSUMER SUPPLY IN REFERENCE WITH THE OPENING OF THE POWER
MARKET IN SERBIA
Authors: N. MILOŠEVIĆ, ODS – branch Subotica, Serbia
N. KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Novi Sad, Serbia
Reviewer: Dr Savo DJUKIC, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
The paper presents activities on implementatoin of deregulation in electric sector of Serbia, as well as regulation of supply of end
consumers. Experiences in supply of end consumers in present days are presented, especially from aspect of distribution system
operator (ODS). The following problems are detected: pure information provided to consumers and ODS, issues with application of
procedures for changing suppliers, issues with data exchange after expiration of supply contract with current supplier and issues with
cancelation of supply on request of supplier. In the conclusion of the paper, recommendations to improve described problems are
presented.
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Questions:
1. Which activities, by opinion of authors, remained to complete the process of deregulation and reorganization of electricity sector
in Serbia?
2. Does the process of establishment of single ODS had positive or negative effects, considering detected problems?
3. Which measures may contribute resolution of detected problems with measuring points?

R-6.01
RADIZAJN TARIFA KATEGORIJE DOMAĆINSTVO
S. AGANOVIĆ, FERK Mostar, Bosna i Hercegovina

E. AGANOVIĆ, NOSBIHB Sarajevo, Bosna i Hercegovina
Prikljuĉak na distributivnu mreţu u kategoriji domaćinstvo odobrava se uglavnom za objekte koji su namjenjeni za stanovanje, ali isto
tako i za objekte koji nisu iskljuĉivo stambenog karaktera, kao što su zajedniĉke prostorije, garaţe, vikend objekti. Broj prikljuĉaka u
kategoriji domaćinstvo je dominantan u distributivnoj mreţi. Za kategoriju potrošnje-domaćinstvo po pravilu mjeri se samo
isporuĉena elektriĉna energija. Na ovaj naĉin naplata troškova za isporuĉenu elektriĉnu energiju kategorije domaćinstvo, obraĉunava
se uglavnom preko dva tarifna elementa aktivna elektriĉna energija i mjerno mjesto kupca. Obraĉun preko tarifnog elementa
obraĉunska snaga bez mjerljivih podataka moguće je uraditi samo preko paušalno odreĊenih iznosa. Ukupa raĉun za elektriĉnu
energiju koji se dostavlja kupcima moţe se podjeliti na dva dijela. Prvi dio koji se odnosi na plaćanje troškova mreţarine, a drugi dio
na troškove usluge snabdijevanja, koji sadrţi i troškovi nabavke isporuĉene elektriĉne energije. Za kategoriju domaćinstvo
obraĉunati troškovi mreţarine mogu ĉiniti i više od 50% od ukupnih troškova. U strukturi troškova distributivne mreţarine, 65 % ĉine
fiksni troškovi operatora distributivne mreţe. Fiksni troškovi operatora distributivne mreţe obezbjeĊuju distributivni kapacitet prema
potrebama konzuma. Operator distributivne mreţe mora obezbjediti potreban kapacitet ditributivne mreţe bez obzira na koliĉinu
preuzete elektriĉne energije. Preko postojećeg tarifnog dizajna za kategoriju domaćinstvo nije moguće uraditi objektivan pojedinaĉni
obraĉun troška distributivnog kapaciteta. Zbog toga u kategoriji domaćinstvo postoji skriveno subvencioniranje. U praksi to znaĉi da
će dva kupca sa objektivno istim ostvarenim troškom, imati razliĉite fakture. Tako da se ispostavljena manja faktura za jednog kupca,
nepravedno pokriva preko fakture većeg iznosa za drugog kupca. Ovaj rad na primjeru kategorije domaćinstvo u dijelu distributivnog
podruĉja Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, ţeli da pokaţe nedostatke aktuelnog tarifnog dizajna i predloţi moguća rješenja. Kroz
prijedlog tarifnog redizajna, uvoĊenjem tarifnih stavova za aktivnu snagu kupaca kategorije domaćinstvo, moguće je izbjeći postojeće
skriveno subvencioniranje unutar kategorije domaćinstvo.
Kjuĉne rijeĉi: kategorija domaćinstvo, grupe potrošnje, tarifni dizajn, subvencioniranje, alokacija troška, obraĉun potrošnje.
REDISIGN OF TARIFF FOR CATEGORY HOUSEHOLD
Connection to the distribution network in the category of household is granted mainly for facilities which are suitable for housing, but
also for objects which are not exclusively residential purposes, such as common areas, garages, summer houses. Number of
connections in the category of household is dominant in the distribution network. For the category of consumption-household rule
measured only supplied electrical energy. In this way, charges for delivered electricity household category, calculated mainly through
two tariff elements active electric energy and the measuring point of the buyer. Clearing through tariff element billing demand without
quantifiable data can be done only through a lump-sum amount. TOTAL energy bill which is delivered to customers can be divided
into two parts. The first part related to the payment of the costs of network fees, and the other part of the costs of supply services,
which includes the cost of purchasing electricity supplied. In the category of household accrued expenses and network fees may
constitute more than 50% of total costs. In the cost structure of the distribution network fee, 65% are fixed costs of the distribution
network operator. The fixed costs of the distribution network operator providing distribution capacity to the needs of consumers. The
operator of the distribution network must provide the necessary capacity ditributivne network regardless of the amount of power
taken over. Over the existing tariff design for the category household is not possible to do an objective individual calculation of the
cost of distribution capacity. Therefore, in the category of household there is hidden subsidy. In practice, this means that two
customers with the same objective achieved cost, have different invoices. So it is drawn smaller invoices for one customer, unfair
covers over a larger amount of the invoice for another buyer. This work on the example of the category household in the distribution
of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, wants to show the shortcomings of the current tariff design and propose possible
171
solutions. Through the redesign of the tariff proposal, the introduction of tariff rates for active power customer categories household,
it is possible to avoid the existing hidden subsidizing within the category of household.
Key words: household category, consumption group, tariff design, subsidization, allocation of the cost, calculation of consumption.
R-6.02
ZNAĈAJ DANA SA VELIKIM DOGAĐAJEM NA DEREGULISANOM TRŢIŠTU ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE
J. V. SPIRIĆ, Leskovac, Srbija

M. DOĈIĆ, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Leskovac, Srbija
J. SPIRIĆ, „EPS Distribucija― d.o.o. Beograd, Ogranak Leskovac, Srbija
Najĉešće korišćeni pokazatelji pouzdanosti snabdevanja kupaca elektriĉne energije su SAIFI (System Average Frequency
Interruption Index) i SAIDI (System Average Duration Interruption Index). Vrednosti ovih indeksa mogu se podeliti u dva skupa. Prvi
skup sadrţi vrednosti indeksa koji predstavljaju dogaĊaje na koje distributivni sistem moţe odgovoriti bez kriznog naĉina rada (day-
to-day operation). Drugi skup sadrţi vrednosti indeksa koji predstavljaju dogaĊaje koji od distributivnog sistema i osoblja zahtevaju
specijalan naĉin rada i adekvatan odgovor. Dani sa takvim dogaĊajima nazivaju se danima velikih dogaĊaja i u literaturi se
oznaĉavaju sa MED (Major Event Days). Definisanje MED omogućava prepoznavanje prave prirode uzroka koji su izazvali prekide
snabdevanja na mreţi operatora distributivnog sistema. Znaĉaj razlikovanja MED od ostalih dana prepoznaje se i u izloţenim
mogućim modelima nagraĊivanja ili penalisanja operatora distributivnog sistema od strane nadleţnog regulatornog tela.
Kljuĉne reĉi: dogaĊaj, pouzdanost, pokazatelj, promenljiva, nagraĊivanje, penalisanje.
AN IMPORTANCE OF MAJOR EVENT DAY IN DEREGULATED ELECTRICITY MARKET
The most common used reliability indicators of customer supply are SAIFI (System Average Frequency Interruption Index) and
SAIDI (System Average Duration Interruption Index). The values of these indexes can be divided into two sets. The first set contains
index values that represent events on which distribution system can respond without crisis operation mode (day-to-day operation).
The second set contains index values that represent events on which distribution system and staff can require special operation
mode and adequate response. Days with these events are called major event days and in literature are marked with MED (Major
Event Days). Definition of MED allows recognizing real nature of reasons that caused supply interruptions in operator’s distribution
system network. The significance of MED distinction between other days is identified in exposed possible models of distribution
system operator rewarding and penalizing by the competent regulatory body.
Key words: event, reliability, indicator, variable, rewarding, penalizing.
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R-6.03
POKAZATELJI POUZDANOSTI I MOGUĆNOST PRIMENE PODSTICAJNIH ŠEMA NA POVEĆANJE POGONSKE

SPREMNOSTI – STUDIJA SLUĈAJA TS 110/35 kV/kV „BEOGRAD 10 – MISLOĐIN“
M. MINIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, ODS Beograd,

Ţ. MARKOVIĆ, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Elektrotehniĉki fakultet, EPS Beograd,
A. MARKOVIĆ, EPS, Beograd, Serbia
Proces restrukturiranja elektroenergetskog sektora dovodi do promena u organizaciji i funkcionisanju energetskih subjekata, ali i u
njhovom odnosu prema korisnicima. S tim u vezi ovaj rad se bavi pitanjem pogonske spremnnosti elektroenergetskog objekta – TS
110/35kV Beograd 10 MisloĊin. Ova trafostanica odabrana je zbog najlošijeg stanja, u eksplotacionom smislu, od svih objekata koji
su preuzeti od JP EMS. Specifiĉnost ove trafostanice je konstantan paralelan rad transformatora. Prikazani su ispadi i kvarovi na
elementima predmetne trafostanice, kao i njihov uticaj na potrošaĉe, što je prikazano SAIDI, SAIFI i ENS pokazateljima kvaliteta.
Tumaĉi se novi naĉin izraĉunavanja pokazatelja kvaliteta u skladu sa novim pravilnikom o internim ekonomskim odnosima ODS – a,
odnosno rangiranju ogranaka po uspešnosti. U zakljuĉku rada dati su neki od predloga za povećanje pogonske spremnosti ove
trafostanice.
Kljuĉne reĉi: pogonska spremnost, SAIDI, SAIFI, ENS.
RELIABILITY INDICES AND APPLICABILITY OF INCENTIVES METHODS TO IMPROVE AVAILABILITY – CASE STUDY
WITH SUBSTATION 110/35 Kv “BELGRADE 10 - MISLODJIN”
The restructuring process concerning the electric power sector brings changes in terms of organization and functioning of energy
subjects, as well as changes in terms of their relation to the consumers. In connection thereto, this paper deals with the issue of
operating availability of the electric power facility – 110/35kV substation Belgrade 10 MisloĊin. This substation was also selected on
account of its poorest state, in terms of operating availability, among all the facilities taken over from PE Power Network of Serbia od
(JP EMS). What is specific for this substation is the constant parallel operation of transformers. The paper presents outages and
faults occurring in the elements of the referent substations, as well as the impact thereof on the consumers, which is demonstrated
by means of the SAIDI, SAIFI and ENS quality indicators. An interpretation of the new way of calculating the quality indicators is
given, in accordance with the Rule Book on internal economic relations among DSOs, and ranking of subsidiaries in terms of
successful operation. In the conclusion of the paper some suggestions are given concerning better operating availability of this
substation.
Key words: operating availability, SAIDI, SAIFI, ENS.
R-6.04
REDUKCIJA GUBITAKA SNAGE KORIŠĆENJEM ADMS OPTIMIZACIONIH APLIKACIJA
Juliana KATIĆ, Schneider Electric DMS, Srbija

Nenad KATIĆ, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija
U današnje vreme, pametno upravljanje distributivnim mreţama zahteva centralizovane napredne sisteme za upravljanje mreţom
(Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS)), komunikacioni sistem, automatizaciju transformatorskih stanica i velikih
postrojenja na lokalnom nivou i pametne ispravljaĉe (Smart Control) postavljane u dubini mreţe. Korišćenjem ADMS optimizacionih
funkcija moguce je ostvariti višestruka poboljšanja efikasnosti rada mreţe, izmeĊu ostalog, smanjenje gubitaka snage, redukovane
173
troškova rada mreţe, poboljšanje kvaliteta napajanja i usluga klijentima. U ovom radu prikazani su metodologija, iskustvo i postignuti
rezultati u smanjenju gubitaka elektriĉne energije korišcenjem ADMS optimizacionih funkcija. Primenom ovih metoda moguće je
ostvariti znaĉajna poboljšanja efikasnosti rada sistema kao i znatno smanjenje troškova, što ovaj pristup ĉini atraktivnih za bilo koje
preduzeće.
Kljuĉne reĉi: distributivno preduzeće, distribucija, automatizacija, gubici snage.
POWER LOSSES REDUCTION USING ADVANCED DMS FUNCTIONS
Smart operation of distribution grid nowadays requires centralized Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS),
communication system, local substation automation and smart control devices in a distribution network. Using ADMS optimization
features it is possible to achieve several optimization targets, which can reduce power losses, grid operation cost, improve the power
quality and customer service. The methodology, experience and results achieved in power losses reduction using ADMS
optimization features, are presented in this paper. There are significant operation performance improvements applying such
methodology, as well as significant cost reduction, therefore this approach might be of interest to any Utility.
Key words: power distribution, distribution automation, power losses.
R-6.05
ОБРАЧУН ДЕБАЛАНСА ПРОИЗВОЂАЧА У СИСТЕМУ ПОДСТИЦАЈА
Небојша КРУЉ, Сања РИКАЛО, Јагода ЛАЗЕТИЋ

MH ERS матично предузеће а.д. Требиње, Степе Степановића ББ, Требиње
Произвођач закључивањем Уговора о обавезном откупу електричне енергије по гарантованој откупној цијени за производњу
из обновљивих извора са Оператором система подстицаја (ОСП) постаје члан балансне групе ОСП-а. Произвођач, у складу
са одредбама Закона о обновљивим изворима енергије и ефикасној когенерацији, сноси 25% трошкова властитог дебаланса
уколико остварена производња одступа од одобреног дневног распореда рада. Електропривреда Републике Српске
привремено, до формирања независног тијела, обавља послове ОСП-а, те врши обрачун и наплату трошкова дебаланса
након ступања на снагу Тржишних правила почев од 01.01.2016. године. Обрачун трошкова дебаланса врши се на сатном
нивоу, на бази пријављених дневних планова рада произвођача и њиховог остварења, те на бази цијена дебаланса које
утврђује Независни оператор система БиХ. У раду је приказана методологија обрачуна дебаланса, израчуната је средња
вриједност одступања производње од достављеног плана, те извршен прорачун трошкова дебаланса у односу на
гарантоване откупне цијене и вриједност произведене електричне енергије.
Кључне ријечи: Произвођач, Оператор система подстицаја, дебаланс, трошкови дебаланса.
SETTLMENT OF PRODUCERS DEBALANCE IN INCENTIVE SYSTEM
N. KRULJ, S. RIKALO, D. MURATOVIĆ, J. LAŢETIĆ,

MH „Elektroprivreda Rep. Srpske―, Matiĉno preduzeće a.d. Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina
Producer by signing the Guaranteed feed in prices delivery contract for electricity generated from renewable energy sources, with
Support System operator (SSO), becomes a participant of SSO balancing group. Producer, in accordance with Law of renewable
energy sources and in efficient co‐generation, is obligated to pay 25% of its imbalance, in situation when its hourly production
deviates from its approved daily schedule.
Power utility of Republic of Srpska which is temporary declared as SSO, until independent SSO is formed, performs calculation and
billing of imbalance costs in accordance with the Market rules, starting from January 1st 2016.
Imbalance costs calculation is performed on hourly basis, based on the daily schedule, actual generated energy and imbalance
prices which are defined by Independent System Operator (ISO) in BiH.
The methodology for imbalances calculation, calculated mean value of energy imbalances and calculated imbalance costs compared
to the guaranteed feed in prices and to the value of generated electricity, are provided in this Paper.
Kay words: Producer, Support System operator, imbalance, imbalance costs.

174
R-6.06
ISKUSTVA SA SNABDEVANJEM POTROŠAĈA PRI OTVARANJU TRŢIŠTA ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE U SRBIJI
Nikola MILOŠEVIĆ, EPS distribucija d.o.o. Beograd – Ogranak Subotica, Srbija

Nenad KATIĆ, Fakultet tehniĉkih nauka Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Srbija
U ovom radu je predstavljena deregulacija elektroprivrede Srbije, koja ima za cilj otvaranja trţišta elektriĉne energije sa
nediskriminatornim pristupom svih proizvoĊaĉa, snabdevaĉa i kupaca. Poseban akcenat je stavljen na problematiku snabdevanja iz
ugla operatora distributivnog sistema. Prvo je opisan proces deregulacije elektroprivrede Srbije od 2004. godine do danas, sa
naglaskom na trţište elektriĉne energije. Zatim su predstavljena pravila snabdevanja krajnjih kupaca elektriĉnom energijom, kako bi
se u narednom poglavlju skrenula paţnja na nedostatke organizacije trţišta elektriĉne energije u Srbiji. Navode se problemi koji se
odnose na neobaveštenost kupca i distributera, neprimenjivanje procedure pri promeni snabdevaĉa, kao i problematiku sprovoĊenja
obustava na zahtev snabdevaĉa. Svi navedeni problema i njihova rešavanja, dati su iz ugla ogranka operatora disributivnog sistema,
sa ciljem unapreĊenja trţišta elektriĉne energije u Srbiji.
Kljuĉne reĉi: trţište elektriĉne energije, snabdevanje elektriĉnom energijom, snabdevaĉi, operator distributivnog sistema.
EXPERIENCE WITH CONSUMER SUPPLY IN REFERENCE WITH THE OPENING OF THE POWER MARKET IN SERBIA
This paper presents the deregulation of the electric power industry of Serbia, which aims to open the electricity market to non-
discriminatory access for all producers, suppliers and customers. Special emphasis is placed on supply issues from the perspective
of the distribution system. The first chapter describes the process of deregulation of the electric power industry of Serbia from 2004
to the present, with emphasis on the electricity market. The second chapter presents rules of supply to final customers of electricity,
and the third chapter highlights issues of the organization of the electricity market in Serbia. Problems relating to lack of information
for customers and distributors, issues in application of procedure for changing supplier, and issues with supply suspensiosn on the
request of the supplier are ephasized. All these problems and possible solutions are presented from the perspective od a distribution
system operator’s branch, in order to contribute to improvement of the electricity market in Serbia.
Kay words: electricity market, electricity supply, suppliers, distribution system operator.
175
INDEKS AUTORA / INDEX OF AUTHORS
E. AGANOVIĆ 167,169,171 S. ĐEKIĆ 154,157,164

S. AGANOVIĆ 167,169,171 A. ĐORĐEVIĆ 21,29,40,122,123,128,129,137,142
M. AKSENTIJEVIĆ 22,30,45 N. ĐORĐEVIĆ 123,129,141
B. ANTIĆ 61,69,79 R. ĐORĐEVIĆ 126,132,151
D. ANTIĆ 63,70,84 N. ĐURIĆ 25,33,54,63,70,84
B. ARSIĆ 61,68,77 Ţ. ĐURIŠIĆ 122,123,128,129,137,139,142
M. BAĈLIĆ 60,67,75 S. ĐUROVIĆ 24,32,52
M. BANJANIN 64,72,89 L. GAJDOBRANSKI 125,131,147
M. BEĈIĆ 154,157,164 J. GAJOVIĆ 121,127,133
I. BEGIĆ 23,31,47 J. GERLITZ 21,29,141
F. BEGOVIĆ 121,127,135 Đ. GLIŠIĆ 24,32,52
A. BIJEDIĆ 64,72,90 R. GRAOVAC 101,106,119
G. BJELAJAC 66,74,95 M. GRBIĆ 25,27,33,35,54,58,59,62,69,82
B. BOGDANOVIĆ 14,15,18 B. GRUJIĈIĆ 61,68,77
A. BOLOBAN 121,127,132 N. HASANSPAHIĆ 122,128,136
M. BOROVIĆ 23,31,49 D. HERCEG 20,28,36
A. BOSOVIĆ 122,128,136 F. HIDIĆ 154,157,164
A. BOŠKOVIĆ 96,100,102,106,108,118 B. HOLIK 63,71,86
B. BRBAKLIĆ 96,102,107 E. HRNJIĆ 123,129,140
I. BULATOVIĆ 26,35,58 D. HRVIĆ 25,33,54
J. CARDENAS 99,105,115 D. ILIĆ 21,29,42,66,74,95
D. CVETINOV 60,67,74,98,104,112 DŢ. IMŠIROVIĆ 23,31,47
N. CVETKOVIĆ 24,32,50 I. JAGODIĆ 26,34,35,57,58,66,74,95
D. ĆETENOVIĆ 24,32,52,154,157,164 Đ. JANAĆKOVIĆ 26,34,56
J. ĈARNIĆ 60,68,76 B. JANKOVIĆ 122,128,138
I. ĈASAR 62,70,83 Z. JANKOVIĆ 124,129,143
A. ĈOLAKOVIĆ 121,127,132 J. JANKOVIĆ 22,30,46,25,34,55,26,34,56
D. ĈOMIĆ 60,61,67,68,74,79 A. JANJIĆ 156,157,163,155,158,165,166
Z. ĈORBA 62,69,81,122,128,138 N. JEMUOVIĆ 99,105,114
B. ĈUPIĆ 61,68,77 Z. JEREMIĆ 21,28,40
I. DIMITRIJEVIĆ 65,7392 A. JEVTIĆ 124,130,145
M. DOĈIĆ 125,130,147,167,169,172 Ţ. JEVTIĆ 124,130,145
K. DRAKIĆ 22,25,26,30,34,46,55,56 M. JOVANOV 100,106,117
S. DUBAĈKIĆ 100,106,118 D. JOVANOVIĆ 24,32,52
B. DUMNIĆ 62,69,121,122,127,128,134,138 Đ. JOVANOVIĆ 21,29,42
V. DURKOVIĆ 124,130,145 G. JOVANOVIĆ 14,15,18,99,105,114
176
Z. JOVANOVIĆ 100,106,117 S. MEĐO 22,30,45
V. JOVANOVIĆ 101,106,119 M. MEHOVIĆ 122,128,136
S. JOVIĆ 20,27,35 D. MIHAJLOVIĆ 22,30,44
S. JUSIĆ 121,127,135,123,129,140 I. MIHAILOVIĆ 22,30,46
K. KASAŠ-LAŢETIĆ 20,28,36,25,33,54 J. MIKULOVIĆ 124,130,144
J. KATIĆ 167,170,173 S. MIJAILOVIĆ 154,157,164
N. KATIĆ 167,168,170,173,175 S. MIJAJLOVIĆ 121,127,133
V.A. KATIĆ 62,65,69,73,81,93 V. MIJATOVIĆ 97,98,103,104,109,111
V. KATIĆ 121,127,134 M. MIJIĆ 64,72,89
D. KLJAJIĆ 25,33,54,63,70,84 R. MILANKOV 60,63,68,70,76,85
S. KNEŢEVIĆ 96,102,107 I. MILANOV 23,31,49
B. KOJIĈIĆ 155,158,165 D. MILIĆEVIĆ 62,69,81,122,125,128,131,138,148
D. KOTUR 124,130,144 S. MILIVOJEV 60,67,74,97,103,110
N. KOVAĈEVIĆ 25,34,55 A. MILOJKOVIĆ 66,73,94
R. KOVAĈIĆ 64,72,89 S. MILORADOVIĆ 64,71,87
N. KRKLJUŠ 125,131,147 S. MILOSAVLJEVIĆ 21,25,29,34,42,55
V. KRNAJSKI 22,29,43 D. MILOŠEVIĆ 153,156,161
N. KRULJ 168,170,174 N. MILOŠEVIĆ 168,170,175
P. KUNDAĈINA 125,131,147 M. MINIĆ 167,170173
J. KUŠIĆ 122,128,139 I. MITIĆ 23,31,49
M. KUZMANOVIĆ 99,105,114 A. MITROVIĆ 25,33,54
J. LAZIĆ 21,26,29,35,42,58 M. MITROVIĆ 122,128,137
J. LAŢETIĆ 168,170,174 Z. MITROVIĆ 61,69,79
A. LEMEZ 20,28,37,38 LJ. MLADENOVIĆ 126,132,152
T. LINNEMANN 123,129,141 M. MOSKOVLJEVIĆ 152,156,158
S. LOLIĆ 99,105,115 N. MUĈALICA 99,105,115
J. LUKIĆ 21,23,25,26,29,31,34,42,47,55,56 D. MURATOVIĆ 125,131,148,168,170,174
R. MAKSIMOVIĆ 66,74,95 M. MUSIĆ 122,128,136
D. MALEŠEVIĆ 124,129,143 G. NEDIĆ 63,70,84
M. MALETIN 99,105,114 B. NIJEMĈEVIĆ 124,130,145
S. MANDIĆ 14,15,18,97,103,110 R. NIKOLIĆ 125,131,147
S. MARĈETA 63,71,86 D. OBRADOVIĆ 20,28,39
Đ. MARJANOVIĆ 21,28,40 M. OBRADOVIĆ 24,32,52
A. MARKOVIĆ 61,68,77,167,170,173 V. OSTRAĆANIN 24,32,52
Ţ. MARKOVIĆ 61,68,77,167,170,173 V. PAJIĆ 21,29,41,42
V. MARKOVIĆ 20,27,35 K. PALUŠEK 62,70,83
D. MATIĆ 25,34,55 T. PAPIĆ 20,28,36
177
A. PAVLOVIĆ 25,33,54,62,69,82 S. SARIĆ 125,131,149
D. PEJIĆ 61,69,79 M. SAVIĆ 64,72,89
B. PEJOVIĆ 21,29,42 N. SAVIĆ 65,73,93
D. PERIĆ 22,29,43 J. SECO 99,105,115
D. PETROVIĆ 22,30,44 S. SHOARINEJAD 99,105,115
M. PETROVIĆ 24,25,33,53,54 Z. SIMENDIĆ 125,131,147
N. PETROVIĆ 20,28,36 A. SIMOVIĆ 20,28,37,38
D. PIHLJAK 13,15,16 A. SOFTIĆ 64,72,90
J. PLANOJEVIĆ 26,34,56 P. SOVILJ 61,69,79
B. POPADIĆ 62,69,81,122,128,138 S. SPAHIĆ 13,15,16
Ţ. POPOVIĆ 60,67,75,96,102,107 J. SPIRIĆ 125,130,147, 167,169,172
M. POROBIĆ 14,15,18,60,67,74,97,103,110 J. V. SPIRIĆ 167,169,172
M. PRŠA 20,25,28,33,36,54 S. SPREMIĆ 64,64,71,73,86,92
V. PUSTAHIJA 101,106,119 S. STANIŠIĆ 24,32,51
Z. RADAKOVIĆ 24,32,51,123,129,141 M. STANKOVIĆ 64,71,87
G. RADIĆ 125,131,148 S. STANKOVIĆ 125,130,147
M. RADIĆ 60,67,75 J. STANOJEVIĆ 21,29,40,122,128,137
B. RADMILOVIĆ 96,102,108 V. STANOJEVIĆ 20,27,35,153,156,161
U. RADOMAN 123,129,141 P. STEFANOV 153,156,162
M. RADOSAVLJEV 60,68,76 D. STEVANOVIĆ 155,158,166
M. RADOSAVLJEVIĆ 126,131,150 J. STEVIĆ 101,107,120
M. RADUNOVIĆ 97,98,103,104,109,111 B. STOJANOVIĆ 152,153,156,158,159
N. RAHIMIĆ 121,127,132 M. STOJANOVIĆ 24,32,50
N. RAJAKOVIĆ 65,72,91,124,130,145 N. STOJANOVIĆ 22,30,45
T. RAJIĆ 152,153,156,158,159 V. STOJIĈIĆ 13,15,17,101,107,120
I. RAMLJAK 61,68,78 V. C. STREZOSKI 153,156,160
A. RANKOVIĆ 154,157,164 L. STREZOSKI 121,127,134
D. RAPAIĆ 126,132,152 S. SULJOVIĆ FAZLIĆ 13,15,16
D. RIESENBERG 123,129,141 M. ŠARIĆ 121,127,132
S. RIKALO 168,170,174 D. ŠOŠIĆ 153,156,162
M. RISTIĆ 26,34,35,57,58,66,74,95 N. ŠUŠNICA 153,156,161
Z. RISTIĆ 26,34,35,57,58,66,74,95 M. TANASKOVIĆ 22,23,29,31,43,48
D. RISTIVOJEVIĆ 21,29,41,42 Ţ. TANJGA 14,15,18,60,67,74,98,104,112
I. RUSU 14,16,19 B. TASIĆ 26,34,57
H. SALKIĆ 64,72,90 D. TASIĆ 24,32,50
D. SALAMON 62,69,82 R. TODOROVIĆ 66,73,94
B. SARIĆ 125,131,149 A. TOKIĆ 23,31,47
178
D. TOVILOVIĆ 65,72,91
S. TUCAKOVIC 126,132,151
D. VASIĆ 126,132,151
V. VASOVIĆ 21,22,26,29,30,34,42,46,56
Đ. VELJOVIĆ 26,34,56
P. M. VIDOVIĆ 153,156,160
D. VOJNOVIĆ 99,105,114
N. R. VOJNOVIĆ 153,156,160
D. VORGIĆ 25,34,55
Đ. VOZEL 13,15,16
N. VRCELJ 66,73,94,153,156,161
M. VUKAS 125,131,147
D. VUKSANOVIĆ 26,34,35,57,58
D. VUKOTIĆ 66,73,94,98,100,104,106,113,116
S. VUKOVIĆ 21,29,41,42
B. VULEVIĆ 25,27,33,54,58
G. WEISS 21,29,41
M. ZELJKOVIĆ 124,129,143
M. ŢARKOVIĆ 64,72,89
G. ŢIVADINOVIĆ 98,100,104,106,113,116,117
G. ŢIVKOVIĆ 22,30,44
179
Schneider electric
ABB
Siemens
General Electric
EMS
I M Pupin
Elnos Group
Weidmuller
Elektokoil
Minel Trafo
Ziks Hard
Minel Dinamo
Saturn pola strane
DEC pola strane

Schneider DMS NOVI SAD pola strane
Enel PS Pola strane

Marti Komerc pola strane
SRC Soft pola strane

SNE Energy pola strane
Division pola strane

IED pola strane
CIRED 20 godina oglas pola str

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X SAVETOVANJE O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA

X CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION

ZBORNIK SADRŢAJA REFERATA

Glavni i odgovorni urednik: dr Zoran SIMENDIĆ

Priprema i tehniĉka obrada: BBN Congress Management, Deligradska 9, 11000 Beograd

Dizajn korica / Cover Design: Bojana Marković

Štampa / Printing Office: Štamparija Radunić

Tiraţ / Print run: 400

SMART GRID FORUM

Struĉna komisija 1 / Expert Committee 1: KOMPONENTE MREŢA

Struĉna komisija 3 / Expert Committee 3 UPRAVLJANJE I ZAŠTITA

Struĉna komisija 5 / Expert Committee 5 PLANIRANJE DISTRIBUTIVNIH SISTEMA

Struĉna komisija 6 / Expert Committee 6 TRŢIŠTE ELEKTRIĈNE ENERGIJE I DEREGULACIJA

FORUM SMART GRID

R-F.01 KAKO ZAISTA OVLADATI I UPRAVLJATI PODACIMA O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU KAKO

R-F.02 KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA RAZLIĈITIH METODA MASOVNOG PRIKUPLJANJA I MAPIRANJA

Forum Smart Grid Report

R-F.02 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES MASS GATHERING AND MAPPING

KRATKI SADRŢAJI REFERATA / ABSTRACTS

KAKO ZAISTA OVLADATI I UPRAVLJATI PODACIMA O ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU

Sead SPAHIĆ, JP EPBiH-Sektor za strateški razvoj, BiH

HOW TO REALLY MASTER AND CONTROL DATA OF ELECTRODISTRIBUTION POWER SYSTEM

KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA RAZLIĈITIH METODA MASOVNOG PRIKUPLJANJA I MAPIRANJA GRAFIĈKIH, TOPOLOŠKIH I

Vladimir STOJIĈIĆ, ODS "EPS Distribucija" Beograd, Srbija

Kljuĉne reĉi: GIS,CAD,GPS.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES MASS GATHERING AND MAPPING GRAPHIC,

Key words: GIS, CAD, GPS.

ADMS U FUNKCIJI UPRAVLJANJA DISTRIBUTIVNOM MREŢOM

M. POROBIĆ, G. JOVANOVIĆ, Ţ. TANJGA, S. MANDIĆ

Kljuĉne reĉi: ADMS, pokazatelji pouzdanosti, upravljanje distributivnom mreţom.

Key words: ADMS, reliability indicators, control of distribution network.

Ing. Ioan RUSU

Keywords: power losses, photovoltaic panel, 0,4kV network.

R-1.01 TROFAZNI TRANSFORMATOR SA NAMOTANIM DELTA JEZGROM

R-1.02 STRUJNI TRANSFORMATOR KAO SISTEM ZA NAPAJANJE ELEKTRONSKOG MERNOG SKLOPA

R-1.03 JEDNOSTAVNO I EFIKASNO REŠENJE ZA SANACIJU NAPONSKIH PRILIKA U DISTRIBUTIVNOJ

I-1.04 SAVREMENI UREĐAJI U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNOJ MREŢI

I-1.06 UTICAJ KONSTRUKCIJE I USLOVA POLAGANJA NA STRUJNO OPTEREĆENJE KABLOVSKOG VODA

I-1.07 KABLOVSKI PRIBOR ZA 72,5KV I TRANSFORMATORE I POSTROJENJA SA IZOLATORIMA SA

R-1.08 POJAVA PRENAPONSKIH IMPULSA PRI MANIPULACIJAMA RASTAVLJAĈEM U GASOM

R-1.09 INDEKSIRANJE STANJA ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA KAO ALAT UPRAVLJANJA RESURSIMA

R-1.10 STRUKTURA JEDNOPOLNIH „H“ ŠEMA TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA VISOKI/SREDNJI NAPON U

I-1.11 REKONSTRUKCIJA TS 20/0,4kV TIPA “LIMENA - BLINDIRANA” U UŢEM GRADSKOM JEZGRU NA

I-1.12 REMONT 110 kV SF6 POSTROJENJA

R-1.13 ANALIZA SADRŢAJA GASOVA RASTVORENIH U ULJU – ZNAĈAJ U DIJAGNOSTICI POGONSKOG

R-1.14 NAĈINI SANACIJE TEMELJA DALEKOVODNIH STUBOVA UGROŢENIH KLIZIŠTIMA

R-1.15 NORMALNI I HAVARIJSKI POGON U KABLOVSKOJ MREŢI 110 kV

R-1.16 IZBOR OPTIMALNOG PRESEKA 110 kV KABLA U GRADSKOM PODRUĈJU I ANALIZA

I-1.19 TIPIZACIJA DOPUNSKIH UZEMLJIVAĈA STUBOVA ZA SREDNJENAPONSKE DISTRIBUTIVNE

I-1.20 DODATNA OPREMA I MERNI UREĐAJI ZA DIJAGNOSTIKU STANJA METALOKSIDNIH ODVODNIKA

R-1.22 NIVOI NEJONIZUJUĆIH ZRAĈENjA U OKOLINI TRANSFORMATORSKIH STANICA 110/X kV

R-1.23 IZBOR STUBOVA U ELEKTRODISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŢAMA SA EKOLOŠKOG ASPEKTA

R-1.24 DEKONTAMINACIJA PCB KONTAMINIRANIH ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA U PD

R-1.25 REGENERACIJA OSTARELIH TRANSFORMATORSKIH ULJA DOMAĆIM SORBENTIMA U CILJU

I-1.26 TRANSPORT ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA

I-1.27 MERENJE NIVOA BUKE ENERGETSKIH TRANSFORMATORA

R-1.01 THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS WITH IRON COIL CORE

I-1.04 MODERN DEVICES IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

I-1.05 SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSFORMER AS A SOLUTION FOR SMART DISTRIBUTION NETWORK