TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................1

1.1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1

1.2 SPECIFICATIONS,CODES & REFERENCES ...............................................................1

1.3 MATERIALS PROPERTIES ............................................................................................2

1.4 DEFLECTION LIMITS UNDER SERVICEABILITY LOADING....................................3

1.5 LOAD COMBINATIONS ................................................................................................4

2.DESIGN LOADS ..............................................................................................................5

2.1 DEAD LOAD ...................................................................................................................5

2.2 LIVE LOAD . ...................................................................................................................5

2.3 WIND LOAD ...................................................................................................................6

2.4 SEISMIC LOAD ..............................................................................................................9

2.4 THERMAL MOVEMENTS...............................................................................................11

3. ANALYSIS OF GLASS PANEL....................................................................................13

4. ANALYSIS OF FRAMING ELEMENTS.....................................................................17

5. MEMBER DESIGN …………………………………………………………………....28

5.1 MULLION DESIGN.........................................................................................................29

5.2 TRANSOM DESIGN........................................................................................................33

6. ANALYSIS OF MULLION AND TRANSOM CONNECTION…..…………….…..36

7. DESIGN OF BRACKETS………………………………………………………….…. 39

7.1.1 DESIGN OF TOP BRACKET.......................................................................................40

7.1.2 CHECK FOR BOLT GRADE A4-70............................................................................43

7.1.3 ANCHOR DESIGN......................................................................................................44

7.2.1 DESIGN OF BOTTOM BRACKET.............................................................................52

7.2.2 CHECK FOR BOLT GRADE A4-70...........................................................................55

7.2.3 ANCHOR DESIGN........ ............................... ............................................................56

8. TOGGLE PLATE DESIGN……………………….………………………...………..64

9. APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………….66
 1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Analysis and Design of Curtain Wall has been done as per the given details.Adequate design
is important for checking whether the Curtain wall meets the basic performance criteria and for
successful installation. Analysis is done in STAAD Pro subjected to a wind pressure of 0.8 KPa.
The Elevation and Plan considered for the analysis is shown below.

ELEVATION OF DUBAI COMMERCITY

ELEVATION OF GF CW
1.2 SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND REFERENCES

The design shall be done in accordance to the following relevant references.

Aluminium association ACM

1. Aluminium :

ASTM E-1300-12a Standard practice for determining load

2. Glass :
resistance of glass in buildings.
AAMA-TIR-A9-1991
3. Fasteners :
Metal Curtain Wall Fasteners
American Architectural Manufacturer’s Association

4. Wind Load : British standards CP 3, Chapter V (1972)

1.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES:

1.3.1 ALUMINIUM ( ALUMINIUM CONSTRUCTION MANUAL)

Elastic Modulus E = 69.637 GPa
Tensile Ultimate strength Ftu = 151.685 N/mm2
Tensile yield strength Fty = 110.316 N/mm2
Compressive yield strength Fcy = 110.316 N/mm2
Shear Ultimate Strength Fsu = 89.6318 N/mm2
Shear Yield Strength Fsy = 62.0528 N/mm2
Bearing Ultimate Strength Fbu = 317.159 N/mm2
Bearing Yield Strength Fby = 179.264 N/mm2
Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 23.4 x10-6 / ⁰ C
Density Pa = 2710 kg/m3

For Brackets: 6061 –T6

Elastic Modulus E = 69.637 GPa
Tensile Ultimate strength Ftu = 262.001 N/mm2
Tensile yield strength Fty = 241.317 N/mm2
Compressive yield strength Fcy = 241.317 N/mm2
Shear Ultimate Strength Fsu = 165.474 N/mm2
Shear Yield Strength Fsy = 137.895 N/mm2
Bearing Ultimate Strength Fbu = 551.581 N/mm2
Bearing Yield Strength Fby = 386.106 N/mm2
Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 23.4 x10-6 / ⁰ C
Density Pa = 2710 kg/m3

1.4 DEFLECTION LIMITS UNDER SERVICEABILITY LOADING

Deformations for framing members shall not exceed the following mentioned values.

1.4.1 MULLION

1.4.2 TRANSOM
Deflection under dead load must be less than Span/300 or 3 mm which ever is less

1.4.3 GLASS

Limiting deflection for wind load, δlim is Span/60 or 25mm Whichever is lesser
1.5 LOAD COMBINATION

As per BS EN the following load combinations are provided.

DL - Dead Load
WL - Wind Load
LL - Live load
EQ- Earthquake Load
Service Load combination
1. DL+EQ+X
2. DL+EQ-X
3. DL+LL1
4. DL+LL2
5. DL+WL
Factored Load combination
6. 1.35DL+1.5WL
7. 1.35DL+EQ+X
8. 1.35DL+EQ-X
9. 1.35DL+1.05LL1+1.5WL
10.1.35DL+1.05LL2+1.5WL
11. 1.35DL+1.5LL1
12. 1.35DL+1.5LL2
 2.0 DESIGN LOADS
2.1 DEAD LOAD
Dead load comprises of Self-weight of structural member and other associated fixtures and
hardware.
Density of Glass = 25 KN/m3
Dead load on panel of size 1.874 x 2.964 = (25 x 2.964 x 1.874 x 0.018)/2 = 1.250 kN
Dead load on panel of size 2.100 x 2.964 = (25 x 2.100 x 2.964 x 0.018)/2 = 1.400 kN
Dead load on panel of size 1.874x 0.809 = (25 x 0.809 x 1.874 x 0.018)/2 = 0.341 kN
Dead load on panel of size 2.100 x 0.809 = (25 x 0.809 x 2.100 x 0.018)/2 = 0.382 kN
Dead loads of glass panels are acting at quarter points of the span (As per specifications)

2.2 LIVE LOAD

As per CWCT and Specifications

2.2.1. LIVE LOAD 1
➢ Vertical loads due to building components.
Internal ledges and framing members shall carry a vertical point load of 1 kN
or a distributed load of 0.6 kN/m whichever is most onerous.
2.2.2. LIVE LOAD 2
➢ Horizontal load
From specification, load of 0.75 kN/m load is applied either as a line load acting
at a height of 1100mm above the finished floor level, or a distributed or point
load on infill panels below this level.

2.3 WIND LOAD

Wind load of 0.8 kPa as per British standard CP3,Chapter V (1972)

Input Data:

Design wind Speed, Vs = 160 kph = 44.44 mps (As in Specification 1.7.4.2)
Height of the building, h = 33.4 m
Height above ground level, H = 4.475 m
Building Width, w = 65.409 m
Building Length, l = 90.627 m
Design wind speed:(Clause 5.1)

Vs = V x S1 x S 2 x S 3

Where,
Vs = Design wind Speed for Entire building height = 44.44 m/s
V = Basic Wind speed
S1 = Topography factor =1.0
S3 = Statistical factor =1.0
S2 = Ground roughness, building size and height above ground factor
For Class A and Category 4 (Assumed) = 0.924

Therefore
Basic wind speed V = Vs / (S1 x S2 x S3)
= 44.44 / (1 x 0.924 x 1)
= 48.09 m/s
For 4.475 m Height,

Design Wind speed Vs = V x S 1 x S2 x S3

= 48.09 x 1 x 0.59 x 1
= 28.37 m/s
S2 = Ground roughness, building size and height above ground factor
For Class A and Category 4 (Assumed) = 0.59

Dynamic wind pressure of the wind: (Clause 6)

q = k x Vs2

Where,
k = 0.613 in SI units (N/m2 or m/s)

q = 0.613 x 28.372
= 493.48 N/m2

The Force F acting normal to the individual structural Element: (Clause 7.2)

F = ( Cpe – Cpi )x q x A

Where,
Cpe = External Pressure coefficient
Cpi = Internal Pressure coefficient
A = Surface area of the cladding unit

External Pressure coefficient, Cpe ( Table 7)

h/w = 33.4/65.409
= 0.511
l/w = 90.627/65.409
= 1.386

Therefore building height ratio and building plan ratio is,

1 ℎ 3 𝑙 3
< ≤ ,1 < <
2 𝑤 2 𝑤 2
External Pressure coefficient Cpe = 0.7

Internal Pressure coefficient,Cpi (Appendix E)

Internal Pressure coefficient, Cpi = -0.9

Force per Surface Area, F/A:

F/A = [(0.70-(-0.9)) * 493.48]

= 789.57 N/m2
= 0.789 kN/m2
≈ 0.80 kPa
2.4 SEISMIC LOAD
Seismic load is calculated as per chapter VI, Uniform building code, UBC 1997

Input Data:
Occupancy category = III
Seismic Zone =1
Soil profile type = SD

Lateral force acting on Non structural elements (Section 1632)

Total design lateral seismic force Fp can be determined using, (Section 1632.2)

𝐹𝑝 = 4.0 𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑝 𝑊𝑝

Alternatively Fp may be calculated by using the formula :

𝑎𝑝 𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑝 ℎ𝑥
𝐹𝑝 = (1 + 3 )𝑊𝑝 (1)
𝑅𝑝 ℎ𝑟

Except that:

Fp shal not be less than 0.7 Ca Ip Wp and

Need not be more than 4.0 Ca Ip Wp

Where,

hx is the element or component attachment elevation with respect to grade. hx shall not be
taken less than 0.0.
hx = 20.56 m
hr is the structure roof elevation with respect to grade. = 33.4 m
Seismic zone factor Z for zone 1 = 0.075

ap is the in-structure Component Amplification Factor (Table 16-O) = 2.50

Rp is the Component Response Modification Factor (Table 16-O) = 3.00
Ip is the Importance factor =1

Ca is the Seismic coefficient (Table 16-Q) = 0.12

Wp is the weight of an element or component

Therefore

𝑎𝑝 𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑝 ℎ𝑥
𝐹𝑝 = (1 + 3 )𝑊𝑝
𝑅𝑝 ℎ𝑟

2.5×0.012×1.00 20.56
= (1 + 3 )𝑊𝑝
3.0 33.4

= 0.0284 Wp

Where,

0.7 Ca Ip Wp = 0.7 x 0.012 x 1.00 x Wp

= .0084 Wp

4.0 Ca Ip Wp = 4 x 0.7 x 0.12 x 1.00 x Wp

= 0.48 Wp

Therefore 0.0084 Wp < 0.0284 Wp < 0.48 Wp

Hence we can use Eqn (1)

2.5 THERMAL MOVEMENTS

Temperature Variation , ΔT = 70° C

Maximum Length of Mullion , L = 4475 mm
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for Aluminum , α = 23 x 10-6
Maximum expanded length due to temperature, lt = α x L x ΔT
= 23 x 10-6 x 4475 x 70
= 7.204 mm
As per specifications

Total Expanded length = 7.024 + 10 + 2 = 19.024

Diameter of bolt, d = 12 mm
Minimum required length of slot = 19.024 + 10 + 19.024
= 48.048 mm
Slotted Hole Provided = 50 mm (20+10+20)
= 50 mm > 50 mm
Hence Safe
 3.0 ANALYSIS OF GLASS PANEL
For Glass analysis ,we have considered the maximum glass panel size and minimum thickness
of the glass.The size of the glass panel taken for analysis is 2100 mm x 2974 mm and Thickness
is 34 mm Thk DGU (12mm Thk HS + 16 mm Thk AS+ 6 mm Thk HS).The Glass plane is
verified as per ASTM E1300-12a.

Panel size =2100 mm X 2964mm

General Description and Dimension:

Eff.Height of the glass,(Max) = 2974 mm
Eff.Width of the glass,(Max) b = 2100 mm
Thickness of Glass layer, t = 34 mm
Wind Load:
Max. Wind pressure WL = 0.8 kPa
Check for Deflection (For Wind load)
Maximum deflection (WL), δmax = 8.78 mm
Limiting deflection for wind load, δlim = Span/60 or 25mm Whichever is lesser
Short Span of the Glass panel "l" = 2100 mm
Deflection limit "δlim" = 25 mm > 8.78 mm
Hence, 12 mm HS + 16 mmThkAS + 6mm Thk HS DGU Glass is Adequate!

4.0 ANALYSIS OF FRAMING ELEMENTS

SECTION PROPERTIES OF MULLION

SECTION PROPERTIES OF TRANSOM

7.0 DESIGN OF BRACKETS

TOP BRACKET
 BOTTOM BRACKET

7.1 DESIGN OF TOP BRACKET

M12 SS ANCHOR
BOLT

M12 SS
BOLT AND NUT
WITH WASHER

ALUMINIUM
BRACKET
7.2 DESIGN OF BOTTOM BRACKET
ALUMINUM
BRACKET

M12 SS
BOLT AND NUT
WITH WASHER

M12 SS ANCHOR BOLT