ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who supported me

throughout the course of this Technical Seminar. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance
and advice during the Technical Seminar work. I am sincerely grateful to them for
sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to the
Technical Seminar.
I express my warm thanks to associate professor Dr. Anjaneyappa R.V. College of
Engineering, Bengaluru for his valuable guidance, support and motivation in the
successful completion of this Technical Seminar.
I express my sincere thanks and appreciation to Dr. M.V. Renukadevi, Professor & Head
of the Department, Civil Engineering, for immense support and encouragement.

I thank our Principal, Dr. K. N. Subramanya for his help and support extended by
providing the required facilities.
A special mention for all the teaching and non-teaching staff members of Department of
Civil Engineering, R.V.C.E, Bengaluru for their co-operation and support.
I extend my regards to my friends and parents too who were always there to provide a
constant support.

MOHAMMED
SHAMSUDDIN
1RV16CHT08
 ABSTRACT

Interface bonding between Portland cement concrete (PCC) overlay and existing
distressed asphalt is one of the most influencing factors affecting overlay service life.
The factors which affects the interlayer bonding are types of tack coat, rate of
application of tack coat, surface characteristics of either layer , surface treatment
given to existing layer, temperature and moisture variation in the layers. Therefore, it
is required to analyze the interlayer bonding between the existing asphalt layer and
cement concrete overlay. The main objective of this research is to investigate the
interface bonding condition between the concrete overlay and existing distressed
asphalt layer by considering surface characteristics of existing asphalt layer and by
giving various surface treatments to existing asphalt layer. Shear test is carried out by
fabricating required set up to quantify the interlayer interface bond strength and to
examine the strain energy stored in various types of composite samples of different
surface treatment and surface characteristics.
PCC-AC composite cubes with grooves of varying depth, skid resistance and texture
depth were subjected to horizontal shear load in the presence of constant pre
compression vertical load in the shear test set up to determine the interface interlayer
bonding between two layers. The composite geometry models (PCC-AC) were
developed in the Solidworks Design modular software which was then analyzed in the
Ansys software to obtain interface shear strength.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

ABSTRACT iii

TABLE OF CONTENT iv

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS ix

CHAPTER TOPIC NAME Page No

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.1.1 Types of White Topping

1.1.2 Bond development

1.2 Feasibility of white toping 5

1.3 Benefits of white toping 6

1.4 Problem statement

1.5 Objectives

1.6 Important Factors Affecting the Interface Bond Strength

1.7 Summary of findings

1.8 Literature Review

CHAPTER 2 THEORY AND CONCEPTS

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Types of Bond Failure 18

 2.3 Edge and Corner Stresses 22

CHAPTER 3 PROJECT METHODOLOGY

3.1 General 27

3.2 Outline of methodology 27

CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

4.1 Introduction 29

4.2 Material Used 30

4.3 Preparation of specimens

4.3.1 Asphalt layer 31

4.3.1.1 British pendulum tester

4.3.1.2 Sand patch method

4.3.1.3 Image Processing

4.3.2 Concrete layer

4.3.2.1 Compressive strength test

4.4 Testing of Specimens

4.5 Experimental Set up

CHAPTER 5 MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

5.1 Introduction 40

5.2 Modeling for composite specimens 45

5.3 Analysis for composite specimens

 5.3.1 Engineering Data 50

5.3.2 Geometry 51

5.3.3 Model 52

5.3.4 Set up 53

5.3.5 Solution 54

5.3.6 Results 55

CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Introduction 55

6.2 Results 56

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

7.1 Introduction 58

7.2 Conclusion 58

7.3 Scope for Future Work 59

REFERENCES 60

ANNEXURE I 63
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Description Page No.
1.1 White toping underlined with asphalt layer 2
1.2 Stress variation in bonded and unbonded layers 3
2.1 Types of bond failure 17
2.2 Variation of effect of stresses in bonded and unbonded 18
layers
3.1 Outline of methodology 21
4.1 Ordinary portland Cement 22
4.2 Coarse Aggregate 22
4.3 Fine Aggregate 23
4.4 Bitumen binder 23
4.5 Sand patch method 28
4.6 British pendulum tester 28
4.7 Imported image in imagej software 30
4.8 Scaling of sample 30
4.9 Grey scale imaging 31
4.10 Examining corase aggregate area 31
4.11 Composite specimens moulds 33
4.12 Grooved surface details 35
4.13 Composite specimens 36
4.14 Experimetal set up model in solidworks 37
4.15 Experimental set up with composite specimen 38
4.16 Drawing of experimental set up with composite specimens 38
4.17 Shear testing experimental set up 39
4.18 Strain gauge reading during testing 39
4.19 Cracks in tested sample at interface 40
4.20 Specimens tested at 0.5and 0.75Mpa normal pressure 40
4.21 Specimens tested at 1.0Mpa normal pressure 41
 5.1 Composite Geometry 43
5.2 Static structural details 43
5.3 Engineering data details 44
5.4 Composite model geometry developed in Solidworks 44
design modular
5.5 Composite model in ansys 45
5.6 Fine meshing of model 45
5.7 Boundary condition with horizontal load and normal 46
pressure
5.8 Total deformation at interface for solution-1 47
5.9 Shear strength at interface for solution-1 47
5.10 Total deformation at interface for solution-2 48
5.11 Shear strength at interface for solution-2 48
5.12 Total deformation at interface for solution-3 49
5.13 Shear strength at interface for solution-3 49
5.14 Total deformation at interface for solution-4 50
5.15 Shear strength at interface for solution-4 50
6.1 Area under load deformation curve 52
6.2 Plot of shear strength vs. Normap pressure for BC 54
6.3 Plot of shear strength vs. Normap pressure for SMA 57
6.4 Plot of shear strength vs. Groove depth for BC 59
6.5 Plot of strain energy stored vs. Normal pressure for BC 61
6.6 Plot of strain energy stored vs. Normal pressure for BC 62

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page No.

4.2 Adopted gradation for BC 23

4.3 Physical properties of coarse aggregate 23

4.4 Adopted gradation for SMA 24

4.5 Physical properties of VG30 bitumen binder and cement 24

4.6 Skid resistance test by British pendulum tester for BC 26

4.7 Skid resistance test by British pendulum tester for SMA 26

4.8 Texture depth results by sand patch method for BC 27

4.9 Texture depth results by sand patch method for SMA 28

4.10 Surface area covered by coarse aggregate 31

4.11 Surface area covered by coarse, fines and binder 32

4.12 Mix design of concrete 33

4.13 Compressive strength of composite specimen before testing 33

4.14 Compressive strength of composite specimen after testing 34

4.15 Grove dimension details 35

6.1 Shear strength for BC with normal pressure=0Mpa 51

6.2 Shear strength for BC with normal pressure=0.5Mpa 52

6.3 Shear strength for BC with normal pressure=0.75Mpa 52

6.4 Shear strength for BC with normal pressure=1.0Mpa 53

6.5 Shear strength for SMA with normal pressure=0Mpa 54

6.6 Shear strength for SMA with normal pressure=0.5Mpa 54

6.7 Shear strength for SMA with normal pressure=0.75Mpa 55

6.8 Shear strength for SMA for normal pressure=1.0Mpa 55

6.9 Shear strength for BC with 0.2cm Groove depth 57

6.10 Shear strength for BC with 0.4cm Groove depth 57

6.11 Shear strength for BC with 0.6cm Groove depth 58

6.12 Strain energy stored in different composite specimens 59

 ABBREVIATIONS
SI. NO SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
1 WT White Toping
2 UTWT Ultra Thin White toping
3 PCC Portland Cement Concrete
4 HMA Hot Mix Asphalt
5 AC Asphaltic Concrete
6 UB Un-Bonded
7 B Bonded
8 FEA Finite Element Analysis
9 FEM Finite Element Modeling
10 SS Slow Setting emulsion
11 RC Rapid Curing
12 MC Medium Curing
13 CRS Cationic Rapid Setting
14 BBD Benkelman beam deflection
15 MERLIN Machine for Evaluating Road Roughness Using Low
cost Instrumentation
16 AASHTO The American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials
17 CCM Continuous Construction Method
18 ALDOT Alabama Department of Transportation
19 CSS Cationic Slow Setting
20 PG Paving Grade
21 DBM Dense Bituminous Concrete
23 BC Bituminous Concrete
24 SMA Stone Matrix Asphalt
25 OGFC Open Graded Friction Course
26 ASTM American Standard Testing Materials
27 BCO Bonded concrete overlay
28 APT Accelerated Pavement Testing
29 WC Wearing Course
30 BPT British Pendulum Tester
31 OPC Ordinary Portland Cement
32 MORTH Ministry Of Road Transport and Highway
33 IRC Indian Road Congress
34 IS Indian Standard
35 VG Viscosity Grade
36 CA Coarse Aggregate
37 FA Fine Aggregate
38 Mpa Mega Pascal
39 N Newton
40 PRR Proving Ring Reading
41 SES Strain energy stored