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History of Information and Communication Technology in the Philippines

Print Media

 1953 – The first printing press in the Philippines was set up by the Dominican friars in Manila
Old xylographic method (Engraved Wood Blocks) was created
 Juan De Vera – First know printer in the Philippines
Doctrina Christiana in Tagalog
 1602 – Fr. Blancas de San Jose introduced printing by movable types in 1602
 1610 - Tomas Pinpin Prince of the Filipino Printers
Printed the “Librong Pagaaralan ng mga Tagalog ng Uicang Castilla”
 1767 - The Philippine Postal Corporation “PhilPost” was established
 1811 - Del Superior Gobierno The first newspaper in the Philippines which began publication in August
1811.
Edited by the Spanish-governor-general himself.
 1846 - The first daily newspaper edited by Felipe Lacorte and Evaristo Calderon the La Ezperanza

Broadcast Media

 1946 – The Philippine Broadcasting Service operated under the Office of the Philippines
 1953 - First TV station was created the Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) Channel 3
 1987 - Launched the news program "TV Patrol" anchored by a team of announcers led by Noli de Castro
 1989 - ABS-CBN shifted to satellite broadcast, enabling the entire country to watch the same programs
simultaneously
 1996 - ABS-CBN introduced its second broadcast television network Studio 23 as well as the cable channels
MYX
 2004 - ABS-CBN Corporation started digitizing its content
 2007 - ABS-CBN invested in a 4 million dollar deal with IBM Corporation for a Media Asset Management
System (MAMS) that includes support and 2 petabytes (2000 terabytes) of storage capacity that can store
over 200,000 hours of television content and its library of over 2000 films
 2011 - ABS-CBN Corporation acquired the patented weather forecasting system from Weather Central, a
United States-based company

Mobile and the Internet

 1994 - Philippine Network Foundation (PHNet), enabled the Filipinos to be connected live via a 64 kbps link
 1997 - 85,000 Internet users in the Philippines International Data Corporation (IDC)
ABS-CBN went online through its ABS-CBN Interactive Web site
Businessworld Online, Manila Bulletin, Philippine Star, Manila Times and the Philippine Daily
Inquirer went online
 2001 - Yahoo Computer Services introduced "yahoo.com.ph" in the Philippines
History of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the Philippines

The Philippines connected to the internet in 1994 via the Philippine Internet Foundation (PHNet), the first internet
service provider in the country. Penetration increased slowly until 2005, when Executive Order 109 was enacted calling
for the expansion of telecommunication services to underserved areas, which in turn promoted competition in the
information and communications technology (ICT) sector. Internet use further accelerated after 2008 with the entry of a
number of industry players, although the use of mobile phones has remained more widespread.

Penetration of such technologies is higher in urban areas where middle- to upper-income classes are concentrated.
People in the Philippines enjoy nearly unrestricted access to the internet and other ICTs. To date, the government has
steered clear of blocking access to any type of online content. Currently weak regulations, however, have been at the
center of heated debates among citizens and lawmakers, some of whom argue that new threats to the safety of online
users call for stricter laws pertaining to child pornography, gambling, and cybercrime.

Such proposals have, in turn, raised concerns that the government is seeking to institute filtering without blatantly
violating the freedom of expression and speech, and when the filtering infrastructure is in place, it could be potentially
used for political and social censorship as well. According to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), internet
penetration in the Philippines stood at 29 percent as of 2011, up from under 6 percent in 2006. Nevertheless, usage is
mainly limited to the national capital region and other urban areas, and it remains largely absent among the lower-
income population, most of whom live in rural areas.

An increasing number of users are now accessing the internet from home and workplace, although cybercafes remain
popular among those without a personal computer. In contrast, there were over 87 million mobile phone subscribers in
2011, a penetration rate of 92 percent. Subscriptions to fixed telephone lines lag far behind with approximately 3. 5
million. Mobile phone subscriptions increased significantly in recent years, and the SMS application has dominated the
market for 2G cell phones since the mid-2000s.

Steep broadband internet subscription fees have stood in the way of a higher penetration rate in a country where 45
percent of the population lives on US$2 a day. The average monthly broadband subscription is between US$7 to US$19,
and the penetration of fixed broadband subscriptions stood at only 1. 9 percent in 2011. Internet cafes charge from
US$0. 30 to $0. 50 per hour. The national government acknowledged many weaknesses in the development of ICT
infrastructure in the Philippine Digital Strategy for 2011 to 2016, a roadmap for ICTs in the country.

Among the weaknesses are limited market competition, poorly dispersed broadband services, lack of ICT training and
skills among government leaders, and lack of transparency in the government. The government does not place any
restrictions on internet connectivity, and a wide range of Web 2. 0 applications are available in the country. YouTube,
Facebook, Twitter, and international blog-hosting services are freely available, and penetration rates of these platforms
are among the highest in the region.

However, a significant number of users still rely on dial-up connections as broadband adoption in the country remains
slow due to constraints such as access to frequencies, quality of service, and universal access. The opposition of the
Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT)/Smart to the National Telecommunications Commission’s (NTC)
move to reduce interconnection prices has also slowed down broadband services. [ Latest government statistics
reported 241 registered internet service providers (ISPs) as of 2009.

The slow growth of the broadband industry is mainly due to the dominance of the privately-owned PLDT that has
maintained a stronghold since the late 1920s, owning a vast majority of fixed-lines and, consequently, the most stable
backbone. Many local ISPs go through the PLDT because it owns the 10,000-kilometer Domestic Fiber Optic Network
(DFON) connected to several international cable routes and has the highest capacity in the country at 250 Gbps. PLDT
also owns or manages several international cable landings in the country.

Further, the country’s telecommunications industry in the last decade has been characterized by mergers and
acquisitions amid the country’s market liberalization initiatives during the 1980s and the absence of anti-trust laws. By
the end of 2010, three privately-owned telecom companies were dominant: PLDT/Smart, Globe Telecommunications,
Inc. , and Digitel. With PLDT’s recent acquisition of majority shares in Digitel, the company now controls 70 percent of
the country’s ICT sector. To enter the ICT industry in the Philippines, companies must go through a two-stage process.

First, they must obtain a congressional license that involves parliamentary hearings and the approval of both the upper
and lower houses. Second, they need to apply for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) from the
NTC. The constitution limits foreign entities to only 40 percent ownership of a business to be established in the country.
Internet service is currently classified as a value-added service and is therefore subject to fewer regulatory requirements
compared to mobile and fixed phone services.

Institutional arrangements regarding the ICT sector are highly bureaucratic, with much ambiguity and overlapping
responsibilities among government bodies overseeing ICT development in the country. Successive government
administrations have in one way or another modified the structure of the administrative body for ICTs. The latest
changes came through Executive Order 47, issued by President Benigno Aquino, Jr. on June 23, 2011, that created the
Information and Communications Technology Office (ICTO) under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST),
abolishing the Commission on Information and Communications Technology (CICT).

The ICTO is tasked with conducting research, development, and capacity-building in the ICT industry. The National
Telecommunications Commission (NTC), created in 1979, regulates the industry with quasi-judicial powers and develops
tariff and technical regulations, licensing conditions, and competition and interconnection requirements. All heads of the
aforementioned organizations are appointed by the president. The ICT sector is expecting a few more changes after the
president signs Senate Bill No. 0, which will create the Department of Information and Communications Technology
(DICT) and subsequently abolish the National Computer Center (NCC), Telecommunications Office (TELOF) and units in
the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) dealing with communications. The new department will
be the primary administrative entity of the executive branch tasked to oversee policy, planning, coordination,
implementation, and regulation of all IC T matters. It will be composed of a secretary, undersecretaries, and assistant
secretaries—all to be appointed by the president.

There are sentiments that these government bodies will not able to operate independently because of their
susceptibility to the influence of the incumbent administration and Congress, which determines their budget.
http://www. freedomhouse. org/report/freedom-net/2012/philippines ICT Profile in the Philippines Total population|
79,503,675 (2002 projection)| Rural population as a percentage of total population| 42. 32% (1999)| Key economic
sectors| Agriculture, services, industry| Literacy in the national language(s)| 93. 9%| Functional literacy| 83. 79%|
Computer ownership per 100 inhabitants| 1. 93|

Telephone lines per 100 inhabitants| 8. 70 (December 2002)| Internet hosts per 10,000 inhabitants| 2. 54| Internet
cafes/telecentres per 10,000 inhabitants| 0. 165| Internet users per 100 inhabitants| 4. 27| Cell phone subscribers per
100 inhabitants| 15. 897 (June 2002)| Number of websites in the national language(s)| 1,814| Number of websites in
English and other language(s)| 181,403| National bandwidth within the country| 31 Mbps partial aggregate data|
National bandwidth to and from the country| 367 Mbps partial aggregate data| Ratio of incoming to outgoing Internet
traffic volume| 80:20| http://www. apdip. et/projects/dig-rev/info/ph/ Key ICT Information: * The telecommunications
industry was deregulated in 1987 after over 70 years under a private monopoly. * By 2001, teledensity stood at 10. 91
per 100 people. This represented a 900 percent jump from 1993. * In 1993, the government implemented the Service
Area Scheme, which required the instal lation within three years of 300,000 land lines by new international gateway
facility operators, 400,000 land lines by new cellular licences and 700,000 land lines by firms with both cellular and
gateway licences. * There are 6,634,934 land lines installed nationwide by 2002.

However, only around three million of these lines are actually subscribed, due in part to high upfront costs and the
growing preference for cellular mobile phones. * The number of cellular mobile users has soared dramatically, from
959,024 in 1996 to over six million in 2000. Currently, the estimated 12 million Filipinos with cellular phones send an
average of 130-150 million text messages a day using short messaging service (SMS). * The Philippines’ 240 text
messages per subscriber per month is significantly higher than Hong Kong’s 4 text messages PC penetration and Internet
access: PC penetration is estimated at 1. 9 for every 100 persons. * Internet penetration is at 6 for every 100 persons (or
4. 5 million of the total 76. 5 million Filipinos). * Of these Internet users, 3. 1 million (about 70 percent) are said to access
the Internet using prepaid cards at Internet cafes.

* Two recent ACNielsen reports give a deeper insight on Philippine Internet users (3) Its “Activate” survey show that the
majority of Filipinos between 13 and 30 years old access the Internet daily for at least an hour after work or school (and
usually before bedtime). The other survey, NETScan, reveals that as of the second quarter of 2002 an estimated 6
percent of the total urban population is using the Internet, almost half of whom are based in Metro Manila (or 11
percent or 900,000 of the population in Metro Manila). Over half of those with Internet access belong to the upper and
middle economic classes, although there is substantial representation from “Class D”. This means that the upper and
middle economic classes account for almost two out of three users. There are an estimated 191 ISPs nationwide, mostly
operating in urban areas, with 20 percent in areas with export processing zone. There are only about five Tier 1 ISPs.
There are a lso three Internet exchanges, which are all located in Metro Manila. * The subscriber base to date of these
ISPs is approximately 1,850,000. * It has been noted that “Internet-wise, the Philippines is part of the US Internet at the
end of a very long string across the ocean”.

This observation is based on the fact that “foreign (mostly US) traffic makes up 90 percent of the consumers’
consumption” and that “connectivity to other Asia-Pacific countries is a small fraction compared to the US connection. ”
Computer in the Philippines Definition of Computer: A computer is a device that accepts information in the form of
digitalized data and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to
be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data including the program, which is also a form of
data for some necessary duration.

A program may be invariable and built into the computer (and called logic circuitry as it is on microprocessors) or
different programs may be provided to the computer (loaded into its storage and then started by an administrator or
user). Today’s computers have both kinds of programming. Most histories of the modern computer begin with the
Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage following the mathematical ideas of George Boole, the mathematician
who first stated the principles of logic inherent in today’s digital computer.

Babbage’s assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and
subroutines and is sometimes considered the first programmer. Apart from mechanical calculators, the first really
useable computers began with the vacuum tube, accelerated with the invention of the transistor, which then became
embedded in large numbers in integrated circuits, ultimately making possible the relatively low-cost personal computer.
History of Computer in the Philippines: Computers were introduced in the Philippines in the late 60’s by IBM Philippines,
Inc. this computer was big and a whole room was needed to accomodate this computer ,more commonly known as main
frames ,their basic function was more on data storage ,and not just anyone can operate the computer ,it needed a highly
trained technician to use it and translate its data ,the language used by these computers were Binary language a series
of 0’s and 1’s,it was n ot a user friendly machine and it was very expensive,in the Philippines only multi-national
companies had one,in the mid 70’s a highly evolved computer came in to the scene,
Apple with its Apple1 had a great impact on the Philippine market, this new computers were compact and space needed
was very small ,these computers were called mini’s or personal computers popularly called PC’s, this started an era of
computerization in the Philippines, because of its affordability and the introduction of a new Operating System
developed by Mr. Bill Gates ,who’s company was soon to be known as {microsoft),made the use of computers very easy
and almost all the companies as well as individuals made full use of them in their homes and in their business, the
Windows 3-11 was born a new operating system that was very easy to use, during the 80’s and 90’s control for the
computer market in the Philippines was intense ,Apple came out with their Apple 11,Apple 11+,Apple 11 C’s and the
Apple ac’s,

In which IBM retaliated with their 256,286,386,486 and eventually with their Pentium class units P-1,P-2,P-3,which made
IBM predominant in the field of computers in the Philippines, Before the turn of the century computers was a necessity
rather than an luxury in the Philippines more and more schools are incorporating computer as part of their curriculum,
the filipinos has evolved to a new breed of men women and even children who are dependent on computers for their
researches and school activities, companies in the Philippines are now relaying on these computers in their day today
activities from payroll to communication via E-mail to their clients ,and filipinos are more and more aware of the
importance of these gadgets in business and the countries economy, In the early part of the 21rst century more and
more different types of computer are being introduced to the Philippines, there are now laptop’s ,mini desktop’s and
more, proving the Phili ppines and its people the filipinos are now part of the hi-tech community.

Picture of First Computer: http://en. wikipilipinas. org/index. php? title=Computer_in_the_Philippines Information and
Communication Technologies(ICT) for Development Refers to the use of Information and Communication Technologies
(ICTs) in the fields of socioeconomic development, international development and human rights. The theory behind this
is that more and better information and communication furthers the development of a society.

Aside from its reliance on technology, ICT4D also requires an understanding of community development, poverty,
agriculture, healthcare, and basic education. The term ICT4D contains a divisive disciplinary discussion by Richard Heeks.
According to Heeks, the I, is related with “library and information sciences”, the C is associated with “communication
studies”, the T is linked with “information systems”, and the D for “development studies”. It is aimed at bridging the
digital divide and aid economic development by fostering equitable access to modern communications technologies. It is
a powerful tool for economic and social development. http://en. wikipedia.
org/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologies_for_development

The Tools or Technology that can be used in Information Communication Technology (ICT) to the Philippines First What
is ICT? The term, information and communication technologies (ICT), refers to forms of technology that are used to
transmit, store, create, display, share or exchange information by electronic means. This broad definition of ICT includes
such technologies as radio, television, video, DVD, telephone (both fixed line and mobile phones), satellite systems,
computer and network hardware and software; as well as the equipment and services associated with these
technologies, such as videoconferencing, e-mail and blogs.