Excersise: 5.

3
A 75.0-kg wrecking ball hangs from a uniform heavy-duty chain having a mass of 26.0 kg.
(a) Find the maximum and minimum tension in the chain.
(b) What is the tension at a point three-fourths of the way up from the bottom of the
chain?
Solution:
Both objects are at rest and a = 0.
The maximum tension Tmax is at the top of the chain and the minimum
tension is at the bottom of the chain.
Let, + y be upward.
For the maximum tension take the object to be the chain plus the ball.
For the minimum tension take the object to be the ball.
For the tension T three-fourths of the way up from the bottom of the
chain, take the chain below this point plus the ball to be the object.
The free-body diagrams in each of these three cases are sketched in
Figures (a), (b) and (c).
mb = 75.0 kg.
mb+mc = 75.0 kg + 26.0 kg =101.0 kg. From Figure (a)
m is the mass of three-fourths of the chain: ΣFy = 0
m = ( 3/4) (26.0 kg) =19.5 kg. => Tmax – (mb+mc)g = 0
=> Tmax = (mb+mc)g
=> Tmax = (101.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2)
=> Tmax = 990 N.
 From Figure (b)
ΣFy = 0
=> Tmin − mbg = 0
=> Tmin = mbg
=> Tmin = (75.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2) = 735 N.

From Figure (c)

ΣFy = 0
=> T − (m + mb )g = 0
=> T = (19.5 kg + 75.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2 )
=> T = 926 N

The tension in the chain increases linearly from the bottom to the top of the chain.
Excersise: 5.8
A 1130-kg car is held in place by a light cable on a very smooth (frictionless) ramp, as shown in
Figure. The cable makes an angle of 31.0° above the surface of the ramp, and the ramp itself rises at
25.0° above the horizontal.
(a) Draw a free-body diagram for the car.
(b) Find the tension in the cable.
(c) How hard does the surface of the ramp push on the car?

Solution:
(a) The free-body diagram for the car is given in the figure. The
vertical weight W and the tension T in the cable have each been
replaced by their x and y components.
(b) Σ Fx = 0
T cos31.0° − wsin 25.0° = 0
=> T cos31.0° = Wsin 25.0°
sin250 2 sin25
0
 T=W
cos 310
= 1130 kg  9.8 m/s cos 310

= 5460 N

(c) Σ Fy = 0
=> n + T sin31.0° − wcos25.0° = 0
=> n = wcos25.0° −T sin31.0°
=> n = (1130 kg)(9.80 m/s2 )cos25.0° − (5460 N)sin31.0°
=> n = 7220 N
 Excersise: 5.16
A 8.00-kg block of ice, released from rest at the top of a 1.50-m-long frictionless ramp,
slides downhill, reaching a speed of 2.50 m/s at the bottom.
(a) What is the angle between the ramp and the horizontal?
(b) What would be the speed of the ice at the bottom if the motion were opposed by a
constant friction force of 10.0 N parallel to the surface of the ramp?

Solution:
(a) Let +x be directed down the ramp, so + y is perpendicular to
the ramp surface.
Let φ be the angle between the ramp and the horizontal.
x − x0 =1.50 m, v0x = 0 and vx = 2.50 m/s.
vx = v0x + 2ax (x − x0)

2 2 v2x - vox
2
v = v + 2 a x  x - x0  
x ox ax 
2  x - x0 
2.5 m/s 2  0
 ax   2.8 m/s 2
2 1.5 m 
Σ Fx = max a 2.08 m/s 2
=> m g sinφ = ma  Sin φ   2
 0.212
g 9.8 m/s

 φ  Sin 1 (0.212)  12.240

(b) Σ Fx = max
=> mg sinφ − f = ma

mg sin φ - f
 a
m
8 kg   9.8 m/s 2  sin 12.240 -10N
 ax = = 0.838 m/s 2
8 kg 
x − x0 =1.50 m, v0x = 0 and ax = 0.383 m/s2.

v2x = vox
2
+ 2 a x  x - x0   vx  2 a x  x - x 0 

  
v x  2 0.383 m/s 2 1.5 m   1.59 m/s
 Excersise: 5.38
As shown in figure, block A (mass 2.25 kg) rest on a tabletop. It is connected by a horizontal cord
passing over a light, frictionless pulley to a hanging block B (mass 1.30kg). The coefficient of
kinetic friction between block A and the tabletop is 0.450. After the blocks are released from rest,
find
(a) the speed of each block after moving 3.00 cm and
(b) the tension in the cord. Include the free body diagram or diagrams you used to
determine the answers.
Solution:
Given that:
mA = 2.25 kg, mB = 1.30 kg, k = 0.45
For body A:
n=W
and T – f = mA a
=> T – n k = mA a
=> T – W k = mA a
=> T – mA g k = mA a
=> T = mA a + mA g k
=> T = mA (a + g k) ---------------(1)
For body B:  a
 mB - m A μ k  g
W – T = mB a  mB + m A 
=> T = W - mB a
=> T = mB g - mB a 1.30kg  2.25kg 0.45 9.8m/s2 
=> T = mB (g - a) ------------------(2)  a 0.794m/s2
Comparing (1) and (2) we get 1.30kg  2.25kg
mA (a + g k) = mB (g - a)
=> mA a + mA g k = mB g - mB a
=> a (mA + mB) = (mB - mA k ) g
(a) VoxA = Initial velocity of body A
VxA = Final velocity of body A
x = displacement = 3.0 cm
a = 0.794 m/s2
2 2
V xA -V 0xA = 2a x
 VxA = 
2 a x  2 0.794 m/s 2   0.03 m   0.218 m/s

(b) From eqn (2) we have,

T = mB (g - a)
T = (1.3 kg) (9.8 m/s2 – 0.794 m/s2) = 11.708 N
Excersise: 5.43
A small car with mass 0.800 kg travels at constant speed on the inside of a track that is a vertical
circle with radius 5.00 m (Figure). If the normal force exerted by the track on the car when it is at
the top of the track (point B) is 6.00 N, what is the normal force on the car when it is at the bottom
of the track (point A)?

Solution:
The acceleration of the car at the top and bottom is toward the center of the circle
Two forces are acting on the car:
gravity and the normal force.
At point B (the top), both forces are toward the center of the circle.
So from Newton’s second law we have, mg + nB = ma.
m g + nB
 a
m
 0.8 kg   9.8 m/s 2  + 6 N
 a  17.3 m/s 2
0.8 kg

At point A (the bottom), gravity is downward but the normal force is upward,
So, nA − mg = ma.
=> nA = ma + mg = m ( a + g )
=> nA = (0.800 kg)(9.8 m/s2 +17.3 m/s2 ) = 21.7 N.
The normal force at the bottom is greater than at the top because it must balance the weight in addition
to accelerate the car toward the center of its track.
Excersise: 5.46
A 1125-kg car and a 2250-kg pickup truck approach a curve on the expressway that has a radius of 225 m.
(a) At what angle should the highway engineer bank this curve so that vehicles travelling 29.1 m/s at can
safely round it regardless of the condition of their tires? Should the heavy truck go slower than the lighter
car?
(b) As the car and truck round the curve at, find the normal force on each one due to the highway
surface.
Solution:
Σ Fx = max
=> n sin β = m arad
=> n sin β = m (v2/R) ------- (1)
Σ Fy = 0
=> n cos β + (-mg) = 0
=> n cos β = mg --------- (2)
Dividing eqn (1) by (2) we get
v2
tan β 
Rg

(a) Banking angle β is given by

v2
tan β 
rg 2
 29.1 m/s 
 tan β   0.0132
 225m   9.8m/s 2

 β  tan 1  0.0132   210
The expression for tanβ does not involve the mass of the vehicle, so the truck and car should
travel at the same speed.
(b) For the car, from eqn (2)

mg
n=
cos β
1125 kg   9.8 m/s 2 
 n car = = 1.18 x 10 4 N
cos 210

n truck = 2 n car = 2.36 x 104 N  mtruck = 2 mcar 

The vertical component of the normal force must equal the weight of the vehicle, so the normal force
is proportional to ‘m’.
Excersise: 5.60
A solid uniform 45.0-kg ball of diameter 32.0 cm is supported against a vertical, frictionless wall
using a thin 30.0-cm wire of negligible mass, as shown in Figure
(a) Draw a free-body diagram for the ball and use it to find the tension in the wire.
(b) How hard does the ball push against the wall?

Solution:
The forces on the ball are:
•its weight, w
•the tension in the wire, T
•the normal force applied by the wall, n
To calculate the angle φ that the wire makes
with the wall

16 cm
sin φ = = 0.348
46 cm

 φ = sin 1  0.348   20.3650

 (a) The free-body diagram is shown in Figure 5.59b. Using the x and y coordinates shown in
the figure, we get

ΣFy = 0
=> T cosφ − w = 0 w
=> T cosφ = w T=
cos φ  T=
m g  45 kg  9.8m/s

2

 470N

0
cos φ cos 20365
(b) ΣFx = 0
=> T sinφ − n = 0
=> n = T sinφ ----------------(2)
=> n = (470 N)(sin 20.35°) =163 N.
By Newton’s third law, the force the ball exerts on the wall is 163 N, directed to the right.
Putting the eqn (1) in (2) we get,

 w 
n=   Sin φ = w tan φ
 cos φ 
As the length of the wire increases, the angle φ decreases,
Then T decreases and n decreases.
Excersise: 5.61
A horizontal wire holds a solid uniform ball of mass ‘m’ in place on a tilted ramp that rises 35.0° above
the horizontal. The surface of this ramp is perfectly smooth, and the wire is directed away from the
center of the ball (Figure).
(a) Draw a free-body diagram for the ball.
(b) How hard does the surface of the ramp push on the ball?
(c) What is the tension in the wire?
Solution:
Let us treat the ball as a particle.
The forces on the ball are:
•gravity,
•the tension in the wire and
•the normal force exerted by the surface.
The normal force is perpendicular to the surface of the ramp.
Use x and y axes that are horizontal and vertical.
ΣFy = 0 gives ncos35.0° − w = 0 and
Note that the normal force is greater than the
 n=
mg


 45 kg  9.8m/s 2
  470N weight, and increases without limit as the angle of
cos φ cos 203650 the ramp increases toward 90°.
The tension in the wire is
ΣFx = 0 T = w tan φ , where φ is the angle of the ramp
=> T – n sin35.0° = 0 So, T also increases without limit as φ →90°.
=> T = (1.22mg) sin35.0°
=> T = 0.700 mg.