Name: Cherid M.

Pariñal
Grade & Section: 11 STEM – A
Subject Teacher: Mrs. Carol E. Gavilla

Definition of Terms
1) Sport - a human activity involving physical skill and exertion governed by a set of
rules or customs, undertaken competitively and capable of achieving a result
(Topend Sports).1

2) Individual Sports - An individual sport is one where the athlete competes only
against themselves to achieve a result that has been timed, measured or weighed. 2

3) Dual Sports – Are sports played by two people striving against one another.3

4) Team Sports - A team sport includes any sport which involves players working
together towards a shared objective. It is an activity in which a group of individuals,
on the same team, work together to accomplish an ultimate goal which is usually to
win.4

5) Technical Skills - Technical skills are defined as “the specific procedures to move
one's body to perform the task that needs to be accomplished” (Martens, Successful
Coaching, p. 169).5

6) Tactical Skills - Tactical skills are defined as “the decisions and actions of players in
the contest to gain an advantage over the opposing team or players” (Martens,
Successful Coaching, p. 170).5

7) Health – Related Physical Fitness - Components of physical fitness that are

associated with some aspect of overall good health or disease prevention. 6
According to Minka (2019), the examples of Health-Related physical fitness include:
a) Flexibility - The ability of the joints to move through their full range of
motion.
b) Cardiorespiratory Endurance - The ability of your heart, blood vessels,
lungs, and blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all of your body's cells
while you are being physically active.
c) Muscular Strength - The amount of force that a muscle can apply in a
given contraction.
d) Body Composition - Refers to the ration of lean body tissue (muscle &
bone) to body-fat tissue.
e) Muscular Endurance - The ability of the muscles to keep working (contract)
over a period of time.7

8) Skill – Related Physical Fitness - Skill-related physical fitness, also known as

performance fitness, involves the ability to perform during sports and games
(Wordsmith, 2018).8
According to Minka (2019), the examples of Skill-Related physical fitness are as
follows:
a) Agility - Is the ability to change the position of your body and to control the
movement of your whole body.
 b) Balance - Is the ability to keep an upright posture while either standing still
or moving.
c) Power - Is the ability to perform with strength at a rapid pace. Strength
and speed are both involved in power.
d) Reaction Time - Is the amount of time it takes to start a movement once
your senses signal the need to move.
e) Coordination - Is the integration of eye, hand, and foot movements.
f) Speed - Is the ability to cover a distance in a short amount of time.7

9) Management - Management can be defined as all the activities and tasks were
undertaken for the purpose of archiving an objective or goal by continuous activities
like; planning, organizing, leading and controlling. 9

10) Organization - The definition of organization refers to the act of putting things into a
logical order or the act of taking an efficient and orderly approach to tasks, or a
group of people who have formally come together.10

11) Five Major Functions Of Management

The five major functions of management are as follows:
a) Planning - It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out
a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate
course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. 11 According to
Koontz, “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do, when to do & how to
do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”.12 A plan
is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving & decision
making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired
goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways & means for
accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure
proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is
an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion,
uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.11
b) Organizing - It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and
human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them
for achievement of organizational goals.11 According to Henry Fayol, “To
organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning
i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”.13 To organize a business
involves determining and providing human and non-human resources to
the organizational structure.11
c) Staffing - It is the function of manning the organization structure and
keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent
years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business,
complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose of staffing is to put
right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in
round holes.11 According to Koontz & O’Donell, ”Managerial function of
staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and
effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel to fill the roles
designed un the structure”.12
d) Leading/Directing - It is that part of managerial function which actuates the
organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of
organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which
sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and
staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Direction is that
 inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with
influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the
achievement of organizational goals.11
e) Controlling - It implies measurement of accomplishment against the
standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of
organizational goals. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that
everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system
of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. 11
According to Theo Haimann, “Controlling is the process of checking
whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and
goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation”.14 According to
Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling is the measurement & correction of
performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the
enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being
accomplished”.12

12) What are the qualities of a good leader?

According to Economy (2016), here are 5 attributes of some of today's truly great
leaders:
a) Clarity - They are clear and concise at all times--there is no question of
their vision and what needs to be accomplished. This gives others the
opportunity to digest their goals and decide whether or not they will
support their cause. Generally, very few people know what they want,
much less how to get there, so they will gravitate towards those who
appear to have a clear picture in mind--good clarity leads to great
achievement.
b) Decisiveness - Once they have made up their mind, they don't hesitate to
commit--it's all hands on deck. They show great consistency with their
decisions, rarely backing out or changing their minds unless it is absolutely
necessary. Being decisive shows commitment, a quality very high in
demand for a great leader.
c) Courage - Boldness is both something you can develop and something that
is blessed as a virtue. Although some people are naturally more fearless
than others, practicing how to be fearless--or at least project fearlessness--
is a completely doable task, one many have achieved in order to fulfill
their role as an amazing leader.
d) Passion - There's nothing more inspirational than seeing someone who
cares about what they do--the best leaders exhibit boundless energy and
passion for what they do. Don't be shy about your passion for whatever it
is you are leading, be it a book reading or a laboratory experiment. As long
as you are passionate about what you know, or care about, it'll shine
through and people will follow.
e) Humility - While confidence is a very attractive trait in leaders, there's
nothing like a humble character for creating a lovable persona. Great
leaders admit when they are wrong and take criticism as an opportunity
for growth. Show the world how grateful you are to be where you are. This,
in turn, will demonstrate how much you deserve the leadership role. 15

13) Importance of management in sports events

Management is a key factor to success in any physical and sports education
programs. It involves long-term strategic plans and programs: resources, financial,
legal and safety management, public relations, and promotions. It deals with the
tasks and accountabilities to accomplish the objectives through cooperation. It
requires harmonious effort amongst members to fulfill the target objective. It
assists individuals to realize their objectives or goals and provides guidelines in the
collaborative strengths of people. Management defines the group’s development,
efficiency, and accomplishments. It also defines whether members within the
group are contented, cooperating, and productive.
Management gives a grasp and value to the essential ideas of the field’s discipline.
Understanding management helps an individual consider having a career in a
certain field. Majority of physical educators do certain management work: thus,
skills in management will provide better performance. Management is vital to
collaborative effort and it helps foster good human relations.16