Nursing Theorists

732Lydia E.
Hall
Description
Lydia E. Hall’s Theory define nursing as the “participation in care, core

and cure aspects of patient care, where CARE is the sole function of nurses,
whereas the CORE and CURE are shared with other members of the health team.”
The major purpose of care is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with
the individual that will facilitate the development of the core.
Major Concepts
Individual
The individual human who is 16 years of age or older and past the
acute stage of long term-illness is the focus of nursing care in Hall’s work.
The source of energy and motivation for healing is the individual care
recipient, not the health care provider. Hall emphasizes the importance of
the individual as unique, capable of growth and learning, and requiring a
total person approach.
Health
Health can be inferred to be a state of self-awareness with a conscious

selection of behaviors that are optimal for that individual. Hall stresses the
need to help the person explore the meaning of his or her behavior to
identify and overcome problems through developing self-identity and
maturity.
Society and Environment
The concept of society or environment is dealt with in relation to the

individual. Hall is credited with developing the concept of Loeb Center
because she assumed that the hospital environment during treatment of
acute illness creates a difficult psychological experience for the ill individual.
Loeb Center focuses on providing an environment that is conducive to self-
development. In such a setting, the focus of the action of the nurses is the
individual, so that any actions taken in relation to society or environment are
for the purpose of assisting the individual in attaining a personal goal.
Nursing
Nursing is identified as consisting of participation in the care, core, and cure
aspects of patient care
The Person
Therapeutic use of self
CORE
The Disease
The Body Seeing the patient and
Intimate bodily care family through medical care
CARE CURE
.
Subconcepts
Hall’s theory has three components which are represented by three
independent but interconnected circles. The three circles are: the core, the
care, and the cure. The size of each circle constantly varies and depends on
the state of the patient.
Ernestine Weidenbach
Theory
The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing

Ernestine Wiedenbach
ast updated on January 31, 2012
INTRODUCTION
 Ernestine Wiedenbach was born in August 18, 1900, in Hamburg, Germany.

 Wiedenbach's conceptual model of nursing is called ' The Helping Art of Clinical
Nursing".
 Education:
o B.A. from Wellesley College in 1922
o R.N. from Johns Hopkins School of Nursing in 1925
o M.A. from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1934
o Certificate in nurse-midwifery from the Maternity Center Association
School for Nurse-Midwives in New York in 1946..
 Career:
o Wiedenbach joined the Yale faculty in 1952 as an instructor in
maternity nursing.
o Assistant professor of obstetric nursing in 1954 and an associate
professor in 1956.
o She wrote Family-Centered Maternity Nursing in 1958.
o She was influenced by Ida Orlando in her works on the framework.
 She died on March 8, 1998.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

 Wiedenbach defined key terms commonly used in nursing practice.
The patient
 "Any individual who is recieving help of some kind, be it care, instruction or

advice from a member of the health profession or from a worker in the field of
health."
 The patient is any person who has entered the healthcare system and is
receiving help of some kind, such as care, teaching, or advice.
 The patient need not be ill since someone receiving health-related education
would qualify as a patient.
A need-for-help
 A need-for-help is defined as "any measure desired by the patient that has the
potential to restore or extend the ability to cope with various life situations that
affect health and wellness.
 It is crucial to nursing profession that a need-for-help be based on the individual
perception of his own situation.
Nurse
 The nurse is functioning human being.

 The nurse no only acts, but thinks and feels as well.
Knowledge
 Knowledge encompasses all that has been percieved and grasped by the
human mind.
 Knowledge may be :
o factual
o speculative or
o practical
Judgment
 Clinical Judgment represents the nurse’s likeliness to make sound decisions.

 Sound decisions are based on differentiating fact from assumption and relating
them to cause and effect.
 Sound Judgment is the result of disciplined functioning of mind and emotions,
and improves with expanded knowledge and increased clarity of professional
purpose.
Nursing Skills
 Nursing Skills are carried out to achieve a specific patient-centered purpose

rather than completion of the skill itself being the end goal.
 Skills are made up of a variety of actions, and characterized by harmony of
movement, precision, and effective use of self.
Person
 Each Person (whether nurse or patient), is endowed with a unique potential to

develop self-sustaining resources.
 People generally tend towards independence and fulfillment of responsibilities.
 Self-awareness and self-acceptance are essential to personal integrity and self-
worth.
 Whatever an individual does at any given moment represents the best available
judgment for that person at the time.
KEY ELEMENTS
 Wiedenbach proposes 4 main elements to clinical nursing.

o a philosophy
o a purpose
o a practice and
o the art.

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732Lydia E.

Lydia E. Hall’s Theory define nursing as the “participation in care, core

Health can be inferred to be a state of self-awareness with a conscious

Society and Environment

The concept of society or environment is dealt with in relation to the

The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing

 Ernestine Wiedenbach was born in August 18, 1900, in Hamburg, Germany.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

 "Any individual who is recieving help of some kind, be it care, instruction or

 The nurse is functioning human being.

 Clinical Judgment represents the nurse’s likeliness to make sound decisions.

 Nursing Skills are carried out to achieve a specific patient-centered purpose

 Each Person (whether nurse or patient), is endowed with a unique potential to

 Wiedenbach proposes 4 main elements to clinical nursing.

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