Q: STATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE:

1. Any valid printable ANSII character can be used in an identifier. ( False )

2. All variables must be given a type when they are declared. ( True )
3. Declarations can appear anywhere in a program. ( False )
4. ANSI C treats the variable name and Name to be same. ( False )
5. The underscore can be used anywhere in an identifier. ( True )
6. The keyword void is a data type in C. ( True )
7. Floating point data constants, by default, denote float type values. ( False )
8. Like variables, constants have a type. ( True )
9. Character constants are coded using double quotes. (False )
10. Initialization is the process of assigning a value to a variable at the time of declaration. (
true )
11. The scanf function can be used to read only one value at a time. ( False )

DECISION MAKING AND BRANCHING

12. When if statements are nested , the last else gets associated with the nearest if without an
else. Ans: False.
13. One if can have more than one else clause. Ans: False.
14. A switch statement can always be replaced by a series of if..else statements. Ans: False.
15. A switch expression can be of any type. Ans: False.
16. A program stops its execution when a break statement is encountered. Ans: False.
17. Each expression in the else if must test the same variable. Ans: True.
18. Any expression can be used for the if condition. Ans: True.
19. Each case label can have only one statement. Ans: True.
20. The default case is required in the switch statement. Ans: True.
21. The predicate !( (x>=10) (y==5) ) is equivalent to (x<10) && (y!=5 ). Ans: True.
.
Decision Making and Looping

22. The do… while statement first executes the loop body and then evaluate the loop control
expression. Ans: True.
23. In a preset loop, if the body is executed n times, the test expression is executed n+1 times.
Ans: True.
24. The number of times a control variable is updated always equals the number of loop
iterations. Ans: True.
25. Both the preset loops include initialization within the statement. Ans: True.
26. In a for loop expression, the starting value of the control variable must be less than its
ending value. Ans: True.
27. The initialization, test condition and increment parts may be missing in a for statement.
Ans: False.
28. While loops can be used to replace for loops without any change in the body of the loop.
Ans: False.
29. An exit control loop is executed a minimum time even if the test condition false in the
iteration. Ans: False.
30. The use of continue statement considered as unstructured programming. Ans: True.
 31. The three loop expressions used in a for loop header must be separated by commas.
Ans: True.
32. The type of all elements in an array must be the same. Answer: True.
33. When an array is declared, C automatically initializes its elements to zero. Answer: True.
34. An expression that evaluates to an integral value may be used as a subscript
Answer: True.
35. Accessing an array outside its range is a compile time error. Answer: True.
36. A char type variable cannot be used as a subscript in an array. Answer: True.
37. In C, by default, the first subscript is zero. Answer: True.
38. In declaring an array, the array size can be constant or variable or an expression
Answer: False.
39. The declaration int x[2]={1,2,3};is illegal. Answer: True.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. The keyword ……………..can be used to create a data type identifier. Answer: int
2. …………… is the largest value that an unsigned short int type variable can store.
Answer: 255
3. A global variable is also known as …………….variable. Answer: external
4. A variable can be made constant by declaring it with the qualifier ……………. at the time of
initialization. Answer: constant
5. The ……….operator is true only when both the operands are true. Ans: logical AND (&&).
6. Multiway section can be accomplished using an else if statement or
the ……………statement.
Ans: switch.
7. The……….. statement when executed in a switch statement causes immediate exit from
the structure. Ans: break.
8. The ternary conditional expression using the operator ?: code be easily coded using
………..statement. Ans: if…else.
9. The expression !(x!=y)can be replaced by the expression………… Ans: x==y.
10. In an exit controlled loop, if body is executed n times, test condition is evaluated times.
Ans: (n-1)
11. The statements is use to skip a part of the statements in a loop. Ans: continue.
12. A for loop with the no test condition is known as loop. Ans: infinite
13. The sentinel controlled loop is also; known as loop. Ans: indefinite repetition.
14. In a counter controlled loop, variable known as is used to count the loop operation. Ans:
definite repetition.
15. The variable used as a subscript in an array is popularly known as…… variable. Answer:
index.
16. An array can be initialized either at compile time or at ……….. Answer: run time.

Question:
Which of the following are invalid constants and why?
0.0001
Answer: (valid)
5×1.5
Answer: (Invalid)
Reason: Exponent must be an integer.
99999
Answer: Valid
Reason: Long integer.
+100
Answer: ( valid)
75.45E-2
Answer: ( Valid )
-45.6
Answer: ( Valid )
“15.75”
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: “” sign is not permitted.
-1.79e+4
Answer: (valid)
0.00001234
Answer: ( Valid )
Question: Which of the following are invalid variable and why?
Minimum
Answer: ( valid )
First.name
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason:. Sign is not permitted.
N1+n2
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: + sign is not permitted.
&name
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: & is not permitted.
Doubles
Answer: ( Valid )
Reason: Keyword may be a part of variable name.
3rd_row
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: First character must be a letter or underscore.
n$
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: Dollar sign is not permitted.
Row1 ( Valid )
Float
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: float is a keyword.
Sum Total
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: White space is not permitted.
Row Total
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: White space is not permitted.
Column total
Answer: ( Invalid )
Reason: White space is not permitted
Q- State errors,if any, in the following statements.
[a] scanf(“%c %f %d”,city,&price,&year);
=no error.
[b] scanf(“%s %d”,city,amount);
there will be a & before amount.
[c] scanf(“%f %d”,&amount,&year);
=no error.
[d] scanf(\n”%f”,root);
=\n will remain into double quote.
[e] scanf(“%c %d %ld”,*code,&count,root);
=* is not allowed before code and &will stay before root.

* What will be the values stored of the variables year and code when the data 1988,x ?
[a] scanf(“%d %c”,&year,&code);
=year stors 1988 and code stors x.
[b] scanf(“%c %d”,&year,&code);
= year stors x and code stors 1988.
[c] scnaf(“%d %c”,&code,&year);
=code stores 1988 and year stores x.

**count,price,city have values:

count=1275,
price=235.74,
city=cambridge.
what will be the output the statement ?
[a] printf(“%d %f”,count,price);
Output=1275 235.75.
[b] printf(“%d %f”,price,count);
Output=36576 790980
[c] printf(“%c”,city);
Output=cambridge

** Show the errors of the output statements.

[a] :printf(“%d.7.2%f”,year,amount);
7.2 should remain after the %
[b] :printf(“%-s,%c”\n,city,code);
comma is not allowed and \n should stay into quotation.
[c] printf(“%f %d %s”,price,count,city);
no error

** What values dose the computer assign of this input statements?

 scanf(“%4d %*d”,&year,&code,&count);
if data kyed in 19883745
Output=1988.
**What is the purpose of scanf() function?
=if we want to take data after running the programme then we use scanf function.
** Describe the purpose of commonly used conversion characters in a scanf() function ?
it indicates what types of data we take as input.
** What happens when an input data item contain more characters than specified field width.
Value will be right-justified.
 fewer character than specified field width.
Value will be left-justefied.
** What is the purpose of printf() function ?
it is used to show anything on output.

**Assuming x=10 ,state whether the following logical expressions are true or false:
(a)x==10 && x>10 && !x Ans:False.
(b)x==10 || x> 10 && !x Ans:True.
(c)x==10 && x>10 ||!x Ans:False.
(d)x==10 ||x>10 || !x Ans:True.

Question: Find errors, if any, in the following declaration statements.

{
Intx;
float letter,DIGIT;
double=p,q;
exponent alpha,beta;
m,n.z:INTEGER
short char c;
long int m;count;
long float temp;
getch();
}
Error1: intx should have a type.
Error2: Line number 6, expression syntax.
Error3: Line number 7, Declaration should be properly.
Error4:Line number 9, Unreachable code.

** Find errors, if any, in the following switch related statements. Assume that the variables x and
y are of int type and x=1 and y=2.
Solution:
(a)switch(y);
Ans: Error.
Correct ans: switch(y)
(b)case 10;
Ans: Error.
Correct ans: case 10:
(c)switch(x+y)
Ans:No error.
(d)switch(x) {Case 2: y= x+y; break};
Ans: Error.
Correct ans: switch(x) {Case 2: y= x+y; break;}

Simplify the following compound logical expressions:

(a) !(x<=10) (b)!(x==10)||!((y==5)||(z<0))
Ans:(x>10) Ans: (x>0)
(c)!((x+y==z)&&!(z>5)) (d)!((x<=5)&&(y==10)&&(z<5))
Ans: (x<z) Ans: (x>5)

** Assuming that x=5, y=0,and z=1 initially ,what will be their values after executing the
following code segments?
(a)if(x && y)
x=10;
else
y=10;
Output:
10
10
(b)if(x|| y ||z)
y=10;
else
z=0;
Output:
1
0
(c)if(x)
if(y)
z=10;
else
z=0;
Output:
10
0
(d)if(x ==0 || x && y)
if(!y)
z=0;
else
y=1;
Output:
0
1
RQ-5.10:Assuming that x=2,y=1 and z=0 initially ,what will be their values after executing the
following code segments?
(a)
switch(x)
{
case 2:
x=1;
y=x+1;
case 1:
x=0;
break;
default:
x=1;
y=0;
}
Output:
1
0
(b)
switch(y)
{
case 0:
x=0;
y=0;
case 2:
x=2;
z=2;
default:
x=1;
y=2;
}
Output:
0 0 0

RQ-5.11:Find the error ,if any,in the following statements:

Solution:
(a)if(x>=10)
printf("\n");
Ans: No error.
(b)if(x>=10)
printf("OK");
Ans: No error.
(c)if(x==10)
printf ("Good");
Ans : No error.
(d) if(x=<10)
printf ("Welcome");
Ans : Error.
Correct ans: if (x<=10)
printf(“Welcome”);

** What is the output of the following program?

Program:
main()
{
int m;
for(m=1; m<5; m++)
printf("%d\n",(m%2) ? m : m*2);
getch();
}
Output:
1 4 3 8

** What is the output of following program?

Program:

main()
{
int m,n,p;
for(m=0; m<3;m++)
for(n=0;n<3;n++)
for(p=0;p<3;p++)
if(m+n+p==2)
goto print;
print:
printf("%d %d %d",m,n,p);
getch();
}

Output:
0 0 2

** What will be the value of x when the following segment is executed?

int x=10,y=15;
x= (x<y)? (y+x) : (y-x) ;

Solution:
The value of x after execution is :-25.
** What will be the output when the following segment is executed?
int x=0;
if(x>=0)
if(x>0)
 printf("Number is positive");
else
printf("Number is negative");
Output:
0
Number is positive
1
Number is negative

** What will be the output when the following segment is executed?

Program:
char ch = ‘a’
switch(ch)
{
case ‘a’:
printf(“A”);
case ‘b’:
printf(“B”);
case ‘c’:
printf(“C”);
}
Output:
a
A
b
B
c
C

** What will be the output of the following segment when executed?

Program:
main()
{
int x=10,y=20;
if(( x<y)|| (x+5)>10)
printf("%d",x);
else
printf("%d",y);
getch();
}
Output:
10

** What will be the output of the following segment when executed?

Program:
main()
{
int a=10, b=5;
if(a>b)
{
if(b>5)
printf("%d",b);
}
else
printf("%d",a);
getch();
}
Output:
10

what would be the output of each of the following code segments?

(a)count=5;

while(count-- >0)

printf(“count”);

Output:

54321

(b)count=5;

while(-- count>0)

Printf(“count”);

Output:

4321

(c) count=5;

do printrf(“count”);

while(count>0)

Output:
54321

(d)for(m=10;m>7;m-=2)

printf(“m”);

output;

10 8

6.11:Analyse each of the program segment that follow the determine how many times the
body of each loop will be executed.

(a)x=5;

y=50;

while(x<=y)

x=y/x;

…………………..

…………………..

Ans: Infinity times

(b) m=1;

do

……………………

……………………….

m+=2;

while(m<10)
Ans: 5 times.

(c) int i;

for(i=0;i<=5;i=i+2/3)

…………………..

…………………….

Ans: Infinity times.

(d) int m=10;

Int n=7;

while(m%n>=0)

………………

m+=1;

n+=2;

…………….

Ans: 4 times.

6.12: Find errors, if any, in each of the following looping segments. Assume that all the
variables have been declared and assigned values.

(a)while(count!=10);

count=1;

sum+=x;
count+=1;

Error: while(count!=10);

Correct Ans: while(count!=10)

(b) name=0;

do

name+=1;

printf(“my name is Dinar\n”);

while(name=1);

Error: while (name=1);

Correct Ans: while(name==1);

(c) do;

total+=value;

scanf(“%f”,&value);

while(value!=999);

Error: do;

Correct Ans: do

(E) m=1;

n=0;

for(p=10;p>0;)

p-=1;

printf(“%f”,p);
 Error: for(p=10;p>0;)

p-=1;

printf(“%f”,p);

Correct ans: for(p=10;p>0;)

p-=1;

printf(“%f”,p);

Write a for statement to pront each of the following sequence of integers:

(a) 1,2,4,8,16,32

Ans: for(i=1;i<=32;i=i*2)

printf(“%d”,i);

(b) 1,3,9,27,81,243

Ans: for(i=1;i<=243;i=i*i)

printf(“%d”,i);

(c) -4,-2,0,4

for(i=-4;i<=4;i=i+2)

printf(“%d”,i);

(d) -10,-12,-14,-18,-26,-42

for(i=-10;i<=-42;i=i-2)

printf(“%d”,i);

6.14: Change the following for loops to while loops :

(a)for(m=1;m<10;m=m+1)
 printf(“m”);

Ans: m=1;

while(m<10)

…………….

m++;

printf(“m”);

(b)for(;scanf(“%d”,&m)!=-1;)

printf(“m”);

Ans:

while(scanf(“%d”,&m)!=-1)

printf(“m”);

What is the output of following code?

Int m=100,n=0;

while(n==0)

if(m<10)

break;

m=m-10;

Output: No output

What is output of the following code?

 int m=0;

do

if(m>10)

continue;

m=m+10;

while(m<50);

printf(“%d”,m);

Output: 50

What is the output of the following code?

int n=0,m=1;

do

printf(“m”);

m++;

while(m<=n);

Output: 1

What is the output of the following code?

int n=0,m;

for(m=1;m<=n+1;m++)

printrf(“m”);
 Output: 1

When do we use the following statement?

for(; ;)

Ans : When we need an infinity loop the statement for(; ;) can be used.

Find errors, if any, in each of the following segments:

Solution:

(a)if((x+y=z) && (y>0) )

printf(" ");

Ans: Error.

Correct ans: if((x+y==z) && (y>0) )

printf(" ");

(b) if (code >1)

a= b+c

else

a=0

Ans: Error.

Correct ans: if (code >1)

a= b+c;

else

a=0;

(c) if(p>0) || (q <0)

printf("Sign is negative”);

Ans: Error.
 Correct ans:if((p>0) || (q <0))

printf("Sign is negative”);

The following is a segment of a program:

x=1;

y=1;

if(n>0)

x=x+1;

y=y-1;

printf("%d %d", x,y);

what will be the values of x and y if n assumes a value of (a) 1and (b) 0.

Solution:

(a)The value of x is 2 & y is 0.

(b)The value of x & y is imaginary.

Rewrite each of the following without using compound relations:

(a) if(grade<=59&&grade>=50)

second=second+1;

Solution:

if(grade<=59)

second=second+1;

if(grade>=50)

second=second+1;

(b) if ( number>100||number<0)

printf(“Out of range”);
else

sum=sum+number;

Solution:

if ( number>100)

printf(“Out of range”);

else if(number<0)

printf(“Out of range”);

else

sum=sum+number;

(c) if (M1>60&&M2>60||T>200)

printf(“Admitted\n”);

else

printf (“Not admitted”);

Solution:

if (M1>60)

printf (“Admitted\n”);

if (M2>60)

printf (“Admitted\n”);

else if(T>200)

printf (“Admitted\n”);

else

printf (“Not admitted”);