UNIT 2 -REVIEW SHEET

Terms:

One Big Union​:- March 1919, it was formed in Calgary. The union was seeking better
wages and working conditions for workers in all Canadian cities.

Prohibition:- ​ banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic

beverages. Became law in all Canadian provinces except Quebec by 1917.

Bootleggers:- ​People who made and sold alcohol illegally and made millions of dollars,
provinces lost tax dollars, so it was slowly repealed.

Speakeasies- ​Illegal bars where both imported and homemade alcohol could be
purchased.

Al Capone:- ​was the most notorious gangster who trafficked alcohol

Famous Five:- ​The women who were behind the person’s actions were the famous
five, which included, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Louise McKinney, Irene Parlby, Nellie
McClung and Emily Murphy.

Person’s Case:- ​The Persons Case (officially ​Edwards v. A.G. of Canada​) was a
constitutional ruling that established the right of women to be appointed to the ​Senate​.
The case was initiated by the ​Famous Five​, a group of prominent women activists. In
1928, the ​Supreme Court of Canada​ ruled that women were not “persons” according to
the ​British North America Act​ and therefore were ineligible for appointment to the
Senate. However, the women appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in
London, England, which in 1929 reversed the Court’s decision. The Persons Case
opened the Senate to women, enabling them to work for change in both the ​House of
Commons​ and the Upper House. Moreover, the legal recognition of women as
“persons” meant that women could no longer be denied rights based on a narrow
interpretation of the law.

Flappers:- ​were city women who were living a lifestyle most believed inappropriate
(short hair, smoking, drinking, going to nightclubs.
Residential Schools:- ​a government-supported boarding school especially for the
indigenous people to kill ‘their Indian in them’.

Dust Bowl:- ​an area of land where vegetation has been lost and soil reduced to dust
and eroded, especially as a consequence of drought or unsuitable farming practice

Buying on Credit:- ​the practice of making purchases for products by borrowing money
and paying back interests. Purchases such as buying homes, cars, appliances, and
entertainment.

Buying on Margin:- ​buying a stock by putting down 10% of the cost of the share and
borrowing the rest with interest.

Collateral:- ​something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the

event of a default.

Black Tuesday:- ​October 29, 1929. On this date, share prices on the New York Stock
Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the
Great Depression.

Tariffs:- ​Taxes imposed on goods and products

Locusts:- ​grasshoppers which causes great extensive damage to crops

Drought:- ​prolonged period of low rainfall, leading to the shortage of crops

On the Dole:- ​people who were registered as unemployed and who received benefits
from the government.

Relief Camps:- ​The Canadian governments opened relief camps in rural areas of
Canada and it was designed to provide employment, shelter and medical care for
homeless and single unemployed men.

Riding the rails:- ​Jumping on trains (without paying) to get to different cities to look for
work/jobs

Bennett Buggies:- ​A Bennett buggy was a term used in Canada during the Great
Depression to describe a car which had its engine, windows and sometimes frame work
taken out and was pulled by a horse.
Hobos:- ​Basically, a homeless person

Relief Vouchers:- ​payments for the jobless in form of vouchers/coupons in exchange

for goods. Never given in cash.

Jungles:- ​temporary headquarters taken up by homeless men travelling to cities

looking for work.

Escapism:- ​the tendency to escape from unpleasant realities in this case the great
depression by engaging in entertainment such as movies, dramas, and comedy shows
which became a popular form of escape.

Socialism:- ​Is a political ideology located on the left of the political spectrum. It focuses
on government regulation and intervention in most aspects of society. They promote
ideas like free healthcare, minimum wages , worker’s rights and state control of at least
some industries. A more extreme form of socialism is communism. It is significant
because it was feared by many Canadian governments because it challenged the
traditional order of society and achieved its goal by video uprising. , some parties who
were feared to be communists CCF and Social Credit Party.This is clearly shown in the
suppression during the Regina riots and Winnipeg General Strike.

Regina Riots:- ​also called the Regina manifesto where 1000 people hijacked freight
trains headed to Ottawa to speak to the PM about their situation as the economy
situation was not improving and workers becoming agitated. ​April 1935​. The
demonstrations turned violent 300 people and 40 police officers injured . Riots were
crushed and rioters forced to return to British Columbia.

Short answer

1. Why was post-war Canada having difficulty adjusting to their new

way of life?

- Jobs were hard to find since most of the soldiers were not needed
anymore since the war was over and the jobs they had before the war
 were taken away while they were gone, which resulted in many soldiers to
be unemployed due to fewer job opportunities available

- It was hard for the soldiers to get used to new things within the community

2. Why did the Winnipeg General Strike occur? Was this event a failure?

Members of the Winnipeg’s building trade unions went on strike when their employers
refused to negotiate a wage increase. when the strike was not settled by May 15, the
Winnipeg Trades and Labor Council called for a citywide strike. However, this did not
work and instead failed since the government used force in order to stop this strike
which leads to many people being fired or even put in jail. However it had a long term
effect but short term it did not affect anything.

3. What was the Balfour Declaration? What did this mean for Canada?

- The Balfour report is the growing political and economic autonomy of the former
colonies and said that Britain should no longer be making decisions for them.

- The Balfour declarations are the start of Canada’s declaration of independence

4. What was the King Byng Crisis? What is the significance of this event
for Canada?

- The King Byng Crisis is a constitutional crisis that occurred in 1926 when the
Governor-General Byng refused the request of the prime minister William Lyon
Mackenzie King of dissolving the parliament and calling a general election.

- Byng’s actions caused Canadians to feel like they have undermined Canada’s
autonomy which affected Canada’s and Britain’s relationship since they cannot
feel independent if the governor-general objects to their leader.

5. Name three technologies that were developed in the 1920s?

- Radios
 - Automobile
- Silent movies

6. ​Name three changes taking place for women 1920?

- Right to vote
- Women were to quit their jobs once they got married

7. What did people do in their spare time during 1920?

- board games,
- watching movies,
- listening to the radio,
- Reading

8. How did the Canadian government treat aborginal people? What were some of the
restrictions placed on aboriginal people?

Canadian government treated the aborginal people as animals that needed to be

changed and had restrictions placed on them like

-native children were not allowed to speak their language

9. What were some advantages and disadvantages of prohibition?

Advantages:
- End of alcoholism
- Better stabilized worker rather than drunk workers
- The decline of crime rates/violence
Disadvantage:
- Loss of job who worked at a liquor stores
- Crime
- Tax-loss
- Corruption

10. Compare the “roaring Twenties’’ to Dirty thirties’’. What to the two names indicate?

For the roaring twenties, they indicated how bad they were doing after the stock market
crash and led to depression and the dirty indicates how a storm destroyed agriculture
and destroyed things meaning ​Dirty things.

11. What were the background causes of the great depression?

The stock market crash of 1929. During the 1920s the U.S. stock market underwent a
historic expansion and made many other employed as well and people went wealthy.

12. ​ What were King’s views on the causes and solutions to the Great
Depression? How did these differ from Bennett’s views?

Kings cause- exporting too much,

kings solution-lower tariffs and do very little (will fix itself) Bennet the reverse, more
tariffs(will fix it)

13.What new political parties emerged during the Great Depression?Who were their
leaders and what were their thoughts on the solution to the Great Depression ?

CCF, social credit and union nationals

The CCF(modern-day NDP)
The leader was J.S Woodsworth who believed the economic depression was caused by
big businesses making all the money and taking advantage of the workers. His solutions
were to put money into projects like houses for people to create a job , introduce a
minimum wage, permitting unions and provide unemployment insurance, old-age
pension, etc.

The Social Credit Party.

The leader was William Aberhart who believed that there was no movement of money in
the economy(if people don’t buy then other aspects of the economy won’t function) and
thought credit caused too much debt. His solution was to give people money and once
people have money they will spend it creating a free flow of the economy.

Union Nationale.

The leader was Maurice Duplessis who believed rural farmers were hurt by low prices
and that English people dominated the business industry. His solution was to create
new policies for the people of Quebec against the powers of large companies and
English Canadians, promised to bring in the higher minimum wage, workers
compensation and create a provincial owned hydroelectric system.

14. ​How did the government cope with the pressures of the Great Depression?
What lessons were learned?
Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King believed the economy would fix itself and
attributed much of the economic problems to the business cycle
(prosperity->recession->Depression-> recovery). His solution was to lower tariffs on
imports and balance the budget. Refused to provide relief aids to the provincial
government.

While Richard B. Bennett believed that ex

porting Canada’s products was the cause for the depression. His solution was to
provide relief money to those in need, giving hope by sounding confident in his speech.
Bennett after winning the election quickly passed laws to grant 20 million dollars in
emergency aid and increased tariffs to the highest levels in Canadian History.

15. What is the responsibility of the government? How did the Great depression
lead to new ideas in dealing with the human need during difficult economic
times?
16. Describe the Events of Ottawa Trek? Why did this event occur?

also called the Regina manifesto were 1000 people hijacked freight trains headed to
Ottawa to speak to the PM about their situation as the economic situation was not
improving and workers were becoming agitated. ​April 1935​. The demonstrations turned
violent 300 people and 40 police officers were injured. Riots were crushed and rioters
were forced to return to British Columbia.

17. What new technologies/developments occurred during the 1930s?

The radio- first North American broadcast was from Montreal on May 20, 1920. Insulin,
Sir Frederick Banting and Penicillin. The Telephone, Model T Ford and airplanes.

18. What effect did branch plants have on Canada’s economy?

Manufacturing companies set up branch plants to serve the Canadian market, thereby
avoiding high freight costs and import duties. So when the US hits economic trouble,
they close down Canadian plants.

19. How did Canada try to deal with the overwhelming influence of American
culture?

There were many concerns that too much American content was heard on Canadian
radio. So in response, CBC was created.

20. Who won the election of 1935? Why?

Time had run out for Bennett. Conservatives were not able to achieve their goals. By
now his party was too closely associated with the hardships of the Depression and
Bennett did not have popularity like Roosevelts to sell the plan. An election was called
for October 1935. His opponent, Mackenzie King offered the choice of "King of Chaos."
Canadians chose King and handed him a majority government.