LED-backlight LCD Background and History

LED-backlight LCD television (incorrectly called LED TV by Samsung

Electronics, Panasonic, Toshiba, Philips, LG Electronics, ProScan, Kogan, Sony and
Vizio and not to be confused with true LED displays) i

s an LCD TV that uses LED backlighting[1][2] rather than cold cathode fluorescent
lights (CCFLs) used in traditional LCD televisions. This has a dramatic impact
resulting in a thinner panel and less power consumption, brighter display with better
contrast levels. It also generates less heat than regular LCD TVs.

The LEDs can come in three forms: dynamic RGB LEDs which are positioned behind
the panel, white Edge-LEDs positioned around the rim of the screen which use a
special diffusion panel to spread the light evenly behind the screen (the most
common) and full-array which are arranged behind the screen but they are incapable
of dimming or brightening individually.[3][4]

TV manufacturers can use an LED backlight instead of the standard Cold Cathode
Fluorescent Lamps (LCD-CCFL) used in most LCD televisions. It is important to
distinguish this method of simply backlighting a conventional LCD panel, from a
hypothetical true LED display, or an Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display.
LCD-based televisions described as 'LED TVs' are vastly different from self-
illuminating OLED, OEL or AMOLED display technologies. In terms of the use of
the term 'LED TV' in the UK, the ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) has made it
clear in prior correspondence that it does not object to the use of the term, but does
require it to be clarified in any advertising. There are several methods of backlighting
an LCD panel using LEDs including the use of either White or RGB (Red, Green and
Blue) LED arrays positioned behind the panel; and Edge-LED lighting, which uses
white LEDs arranged around the inside frame of the TV along with a special light
diffusion panel designed to spread the light evenly behind the LCD panel.
An LED backlight offers several general benefits over regular CCFL backlight TVs,
typically higher brightness. Compared to regular CCFL backlighting, there may also
be benefits to color gamut. However advancements in CCFL technology mean wide
color gamuts and lower power consumption are also possible. The principal barrier to
wide use of LED backlighting on LCD televisions is cost.
The variations of LED backlighting do offer different benefits. The first commercial
LED backlit LCD TV was the Sony Qualia 005 (introduced in 2004). This featured
RGB LED arrays to offer a color gamut around twice that of a conventional CCFL
LCD television (the combined light output from red, green and blue LEDs produces a
more pure white light than is possible with a single white light LED). RGB LED
technology continues to be used on selected Sony BRAVIA LCD models, with the
addition of 'local dimming' which enables excellent on-screen contrast through
selectively turning off the LEDs behind dark parts of a picture frame.
Edge LED lighting was also first introduced by Sony (September 2008) on the 40 inch
BRAVIA KLV-40ZX1M (referred to as the ZX1 in Europe). The principal benefit of
Edge-LED lighting for LCD televisions is the ability to build thinner housings (the
BRAVIA KLV-40ZX1M is as thin as 9.9mm). Samsung has also introduced a range
of Edge-LED lit LCD televisions with extremely thin housings.
LED-backlit LCD TVs are considered a more sustainable choice, with a longer life
and better energy efficiency than plasmas and conventional LCD TVs.[10] Unlike
CCFL backlights, LEDs also use no mercury in their manufacture. However, other
elements such as gallium and arsenic are used in the manufacture of the LED emitters
themselves, meaning there is some debate over whether they are a significantly better
long term solution to the problem of TV disposal.
Because LEDs are able to be switched on and off more quickly than CCFL displays
and can offer a higher light output, it is theoretically possible to offer very high
contrast ratios. They can produce deep blacks (LEDs off) and a high brightness (LEDs
on), however care should be taken with measurements made from pure black and pure
white outputs, as technologies like Edge-LED lighting do not allow these outputs to
be reproduced simultaneously on-screen.
In September 2009 Nanoco Group announced that it has signed a joint development
agreement with a major Japanese electronics company under which it will design and
develop quantum dots for LED Backlights in LCD televisions.[11] Quantum dots are
valued for displays, because they emit light in very specific gaussian distributions.
This can result in a display that more accurately renders the colors than the human eye
can perceive. Quantum dots also require very little power since they are not color
filtered. In September 2010, LG Electronics revealed their new product which
claimed as the world's slimmest full LED 3D TV at the IFA consumer electronics
trade show in Berlin.

The Truth About LED T.V’s

When a product has become commoditized and its price is regularly dropping and its
profit margins are getting ever-thinner, how can a company boost its sales and raise
its prices?

Samsung 8000 Series LED TV

One way is by changing the product’s name.
That’s what Samsung has done with its new line of LCD TVs using LEDs to
illuminate the screen. In its print advertising and on its Web site, Samsung calls the
new range simply “LED TVs.”
They are not LED TVs. Calling them such makes as much sense as calling its existing
line of LCD televisions Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp TVs, or CCFL TVs, after the
lighting technology that they use.
Whatever its validity, Samsung’s decision to drop “LCD” was a smart marketing
move. After all, “LED” is the acronym du jour, a technology that’s all the rage as a
new, perhaps revolutionary lighting source. It’s as emotive a term as “HDTV” and
“digital” were in their heydays.
But it’s also confusing consumers. An industry colleague told me that in a recent trip
to a big-box retailer, he overheard several friends asking what type of TV they were
watching. One said it wasn’t LCD or plasma, it was an LED set.
More accurately, it was an expensive LCD set. LED-backlit LCD TVs can cost as
much as twice their standard LCD or plasma counterparts. Is the extra money worth it,
even if you can afford it?
Here are the answers to some questions you may have about LCD TVs using LED
backlighting.
What’s wrong with existing LCD TVs?
Up until now, LCDs used fluorescent tubes to light the screen. As a result, LCDs have
trouble creating deep blacks. That’s because fluorescent tubes are always on, and
some light leaks through to the front of the display even when a part of the image is
supposed to be black. A lack of deep blacks reduces the perceived sharpness of the
set’s image.
Also, fluorescents lack a wide range of colors; hence, color saturation is limited.
What’s an LED TV?
It’s an LCD TV that uses LEDs to illuminate the display. There are two ways to do
this: either by placing LEDs across the entire back of the display, or by placing LEDs
just around the perimeter, which is called an “edge lit” display. Both techniques use
less power than plasma TVs and LCD TVs lit with fluorescent tubes.
Which technique is better?
They both have their pros and cons. LCD TVs using edge-lit LCDs can be ultra-thin,
because the LED sources are on the side. Edge-lit LED-lit LCDs are also less
expensive than LCD TVs using LED backlit technology.
On the other hand, LCD TVs that use LEDs across the rear of the display can create
sharply deeper blacks, through a technique called “local dimming.” When a scene
calls for a dark image, the LEDs in that area can be shut off completely, so no light
leaks through what should look black.
So if I want an LED-lit LCD, I should buy one using back-lit technology?
It’s not so simple. An LED back-lit TV may contain only about 1,000 LEDs. And
those LEDs can only be dimmed in large groups, because it is too expensive to control
each LED individually. So when you shut off or dim a group of LEDs you may also
be darkening part of an adjoining scene on the TV that really should be bright. If you
cut back on the dimming, then the blacks will be less dark than blacks in another part
of the image that are not surrounded by lighter images.
Theoretically, you could increase the number of LEDs so that each lit just one pixel
on the 2 million pixel LCD screen. But then you could just throw away the LCD
screen because you would have actually created an LED television — just like the
Walgreens LED sign in Times Square.
O.K., but still, LCD TVs with LEDs have great contrast
Sometimes they do. It depends on what you’re watching. As a Samsung engineer said
to me last week, “the most dramatic effect of LED-lit TVs happens when the entire
scene goes to black” — not necessarily when you’re watching a scene with a mixture
of light and dark images.
Do LED-lit LCD TVs produce better pictures than plasma TVs?
Interestingly, I’ve heard no one in the industry claim that they do. At best, they say
that with LED-lit LCD TVs, plasma no longer has an edge when it comes to creating
deep blacks and saturated colors. But plasma still has a big edge when it comes to
price.
How much more do LED-lit LCD TVs actually cost?
Right now, a lot. But that should change as more companies enter the market. The list
price for Samsung’s 46-inch high-end LED-lit LCD TV, model UN46B8000, is
$3,200. But its larger 50-inch plasma high-end model, the PN50B860, is $800
cheaper.
Later this year, LG will introduce two new series of LED LCD TVs, in 42-, 47-, and
55-inch screen sizes; all sets will use backlit LED technology. Prices have not been
announced.
Not surprisingly, Vizio has just broken the LED price barrier. On Monday, the
company announced that beginning this September it would ship the VF551XVT, a
55-inch LCD model using LED backlighting. The price: $2,200, or $1,000 less than
Samsung’s smaller 46-inch LED-lit television. It looks like Samsung’s strategy to
make its LED-based LCD TVs a premium product may have a short life.

3D Tv

3d TV is designed to add real life to your viewing experience. The days of visiting
cinemas with 3d vision specs to specially watch a film in 3d will become a thing of
the past. Panasonic 3d TVs are leading the way to make your viewing experience
much more enhanced. Panasonic is set to delivering the 3d format on blu ray to be
viewed on plasma TVs.
The arrival of the 3d television technology is causing quite a stir within the industry,
with competitors watching carefully of the progress that Panasonic is making in the
3D TV market. Others are looking to follow swiftly. In fact Panasonic is attempting to
encourage other companies to follow the 3D TV standard. To help the progress of 3D
TVs, it has made its technology non proprietary.
Samsung is also following suit and already has 3d TV models that are bringing a
livelier TV viewing experience to the home. There are models that have been
demonstrated to show 3d TV content, irrespective of the 3d standard being present or
not. The 2d content is converted into 3d format on existing blu ray players made by
Samsung to virtual 3d TV quality.
Year 2010 is the year when 3d TV really starts hitting our homes to enable us to enjoy
a much enhanced viewing experienced that was unthinkable a few years ago. So say
good bye to the cinema trips and enjoy the 3D TV experience right from the comfort
of your own armchair.

Real-Time 3D TV (Youtube video) is essentially a form of autostereoscopic display.

Stereoscopy is the most widely accepted method for capturing and delivering 3D
video. It involves capturing stereo pairs in a two-view setup, with cameras mounted
side by side, separated by the same distance as between a person's pupils. If we
imagine projecting an object point in a scene along the line-of-sight (for each eye, in
turn) to a flat background screen, we may describe the location of this point
mathematically using simple algebra. In rectangular coordinates with the screen lying
in the Y-Z plane (the Z axis upward and the Y axis to the right) and the viewer
centered along the X axis, we find that the screen coordinates are simply the sum of
two terms, one accounting for perspective and the other for binocular shift.
Perspective modifies the Z and Y coordinates of the object point by a factor of D/(D-
x), while binocular shift contributes an additional term (to the Y coordinate only) of
s*x/(2*(D-x)), where D is the distance from the selected system origin to the viewer
(right between the eyes), s is the eye separation (about 7 centimeters), and x is the true
x coordinate of the object point. The binocular shift is positive for the left-eye-view
and negative for the right-eye-view. For very distant object points, it is obvious that
the eyes will be looking along the same line of sight. For very near objects, the eyes
may become excessively "cross-eyed". However, for scenes in the greater portion of
the field of view, a realistic image is readily achieved by superposition of the left and
right images (using the polarization method or synchronized shutter-lens method)
provided the viewer isn't too near the screen and the left and right images are correctly
positioned on the screen. Digital technology has largely eliminated inaccurate
superposition that was a common problem during the era of traditional stereoscopic
films.[5][6]
Multi-view capture uses arrays of many cameras to capture a 3D scene through
multiple independent video streams. Plenoptic cameras, which capture the light field
of a scene, can also be used to capture multiple views with a single main lens.[7]
Depending on the camera setup, the resulting views can either be displayed on multi-
view displays, or passed for further image processing.
After capture, stereo or multi-view image data can be processed to extract 2D plus
depth information for each view, effectively creating a device-independent
representation of the original 3D scene. This data can be used to aid inter-view image
compression or to generate stereoscopic pairs for multiple different view angles and
screen sizes.
2D plus depth processing can be used to recreate 3D scenes even from a single view
and convert legacy film and video material to a 3D look, though a convincing effect is
harder to achieve and the resulting image will likely look like a cardboard miniature.
[edit] TV sets
These TV sets are high-end and generally include Ethernet, USB player and recorder,
Bluetooth and USB Wi-Fi.
[edit] 3D-ready TV sets
3D-ready TV sets are those that can operate in 3D mode (in addition to regular 2D
mode), in conjunction with a set-top-box and LCD shutter glasses, where the TV tells
the glasses which eye should see the image being exhibited at the moment, creating a
stereoscopic image. These TV sets usually support HDMI 1.4 and a minimum (input
and output) refresh rate of 120 Hz; glasses may be sold separately.
Panasonic already has several sets in the market (like the Panasonic Viera TC-
P50VT200 which are 3D capable and come shipped with glasses. It has a retail price
of approximately US$2,500. The Samsung UN46C7000 46-Inch 3D TV can be
purchased for US$2,000.00 or less. There are numerous, relatively inexpensive
models available from a number of manufacturers already in the summer of 2010.
Mitsubishi and Samsung utilize DLP technology from Texas Instruments.[8] As of
January 2010, Samsung, LG,[9] Toshiba, Sony, and Panasonic all had plans to
introduce 3D capabilities (mostly in higher-end models) in TVs available sometime in
2010.[10] 3D Blu-ray players went on sale in 2010, and Sky began 3D broadcasts in the
UK on 3 April 2010. DirecTV broadcasts began with the 2010 FIFA World Cup in
June 2010.[10] Samsung began selling the UN55C7000, its first 3D ready TV, late in
February 2010.[11]
Philips was developing 3D television sets that would be available for the consumer
market by about 2011 without the need for special glasses (autostereoscopy).[12]
However it was canceled due to the slow adaptation of customers going from 2D to
3D.
In August 2010, Toshiba announced plans to bring a range of autosteroscopic TVs to
market by the end of the year.[13]
The Chinese manufacturer TCL Corporation has developed a 42-inch (110 cm) LCD
3D TV called the TD-42F, which is currently available in China. This model uses a
lenticular system and does not require any special glasses (autostereoscopy). It
currently sells for approximately $20,000.[14] The biggest problem using lenticular
lens as used also by Philip Dimenco is the sharpness of the display. Although we use
4K (4 times of Full HD TV), the image we saw was coarse in appearance due to
lenticular lens technology required to refract the left and right images for each eye, so
the technology used is certainly better suited for non-stationary viewing. The border
around objects in the screen tended to shift quickly and blur.[15]
LG, Samsung, Sony & Philips intend to increase their 3D TV offering with plans to
make 3D TV sales account for over 50% of their respective TV distribution offering
by 2012. It is expected that the screens will use a mixture of technologies until there is
standardisation across the industry.[16]. Samsung offers the LED 7000, LCD 750, PDP
7000 TV sets and the Blu-ray 6900.[17]
On June 9, 2010, Panasonic unveiled a 152 inches (390 cm) 3D-capable TV (the
largest so far) that will go on sale within 2010. The TV, which is the size of about
nine 50-inch TVs, will cost more than 50 million yen (US$576,000).[18]

[edit] Full 3D TV sets

Full 3D TV sets include Panasonic Full HD 3D (1920X1080 p, this is, 2 Mp; and 600
Hz). These TVs are expensive.
Toshiba has shown 20 and 12 inch autostereoscopic (this is, glassesfree) LCD 3D TV
sets for commercial launch, with a 1,280X720 resolution. By systematically aligning
pixels and adopting a perpendicular lenticular sheet, Toshiba´s LCD panel eliminates
blurring, or the vertical wave pattern (caused by interference in the display cycle) that
plagues other autostereoscopic 3-D technologies. The viewing angle is about 40º,
doubling the previous approaches, with.The 12 inch model will sell for roughly
$1400.

Standardization efforts
The entertainment industry is expected to adopt a common and compatible standard
for 3D in home electronics. To present faster frame rate in high definition to avoid
judder, enhancing 3-D film, televisions and broadcasting, other unresolved standards
are the type of 3D glasses (passive or active), including bandwidth considerations,
subtitles, recording format and a Blu-ray standard.
With improvements in digital technology, in the late 2000s, 3D movies have become
more practical to produce and display, putting competitive pressure behind the
creation of 3D television standards. There are several techniques for Stereoscopic
Video Coding, and stereoscopic distribution formatting including anaglyph, quincunx,
and 2D plus Delta.
Content providers, such as Disney, DreamWorks, and other Hollywood studios, and
technology developers, such as Philips, asked[when?] SMPTE for the development of a
3DTV standard in order to avoid a battle of formats and to guarantee consumers that
they will be able to view the 3D content they purchase and to provide them with 3D
home solutions for all pockets. In August 2008, SMPTE established the "3-D Home
Display Formats Task Force" to define the parameters of a stereoscopic 3D mastering
standard for content viewed on any fixed device in the home, no matter the delivery
channel. It explored the standards that need to be set for 3D content distributed via
broadcast, cable, satellite, packaged media, and the Internet to be played-out on
televisions, computer screens and other tethered displays. After six months, the
committee produced a report to define the issues and challenges, minimum standards,
and evaluation criteria, which the Society said would serve as a working document for
SMPTE 3D standards efforts to follow. A follow-on effort to draft a standard for 3D
content formats was expected to take another 18 to 30 months.[citation needed]
Production studios are developing an increasing number of 3D titles for the cinema
and as many as a dozen companies are actively working on the core technology
behind the product. Many have technologies available to demonstrate, but no clear
road forward for a mainstream offering has emerged.
Under these circumstances, SMPTE's inaugural meeting was essentially a call for
proposals for 3D television; more than 160 people from 80 companies signed up for
this first meeting. Vendors that presented their respective technologies at the task
force meeting included Sensio,[19] Philips, Dynamic Digital Depth (DDD), TDVision
[3], and Real D, all of which had 3D distribution technologies.
However, SMPTE is not the only 3D standards group. Other organizations such as the
Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), 3D@home Consortium, ITU and the
Entertainment Technology Center at USC's School of Cinematic Arts (ETC), have
created their own investigation groups and have already offered to collaborate to
reach a common solution. The Digital TV Group (DTG), has committed to profiling a
UK standard for 3DTV products and services. Other standard groups such as DVB,
BDA, ARIB, ATSC, DVD Forum, IEC and others are to be involved in the process.
[citation needed]

MPEG has been researching multi-view, stereoscopic, and 2D plus depth 3D video
coding since the mid-1990s;[20] the first result of this research is the Multiview Video
Coding extension for MPEG-4 AVC that is currently undergoing standardization.
MVC has been chosen by the Blu-ray disc association for 3D distribution. The format
offers backwards compatibility with 2D Blu-ray players.[21]
HDMI version 1.4, released in June 2009, defines a number of 3D transmission
formats. The format "Frame Packing" (left and right image packed into one video
frame with twice the normal bandwidth) is mandatory for HDMI 1.4 3D devices. All
three resolutions (720p50, 720p60, and 1080p24) have to be supported by display
devices, and at least one of those by playback devices. Other resolutions and formats
are optional.[22] While HDMI 1.4 devices will be capable of transmitting 3D pictures
in full 1080p, HDMI 1.3 does not include such support. As an out-of-spec solution for
the bitrate problem, a 3D image may be displayed at a lower resolution, like interlaced
or at standard definition.
[edit] DVB 3D-TV standard
See also: High-definition television
DVB has established the DVB 3D-TV Specification. The following 3D-TV consumer
configurations will be available to the public:[23]
 3D-TV connected to 3D Blu-ray Player for packaged media.
 3D-TV connected to HD Games Console, e.g. PS3 for 3D gaming.
 3D-TV connected to HD STB for broadcast 3D-TV.
 3D-TV receiving a 3D-TV broadcast directly via a built-in tuner and decoder.
For the two broadcast scenarios above, initial requirements are for Pay-TV
broadcasters to deliver 3D-TV services over existing HD broadcasting infrastructures,
and to use existing receivers (with firmware upgrade, as required) to deliver 3D
content to 3D-TV sets, via an HDMI or equivalent connection, if needed. This is
termed Frame Compatible. There are a range of Frame Compatible formats. They
include the Side by Side (SbS) format, the Top and Bottom (TaB) format, and others.

D Channels
As of 2008, 3D programming is broadcast on Japanese cable channel BS 11
approximately four times per day.[24]
Cablevision launched a 3D version of its MSG channel on March 24, 2010, available
only to Cablevision subscribers on channel 1300.[25][26] The channel is dedicated
primarily to sports broadcasts, including MSG's 3D broadcast of a New York
Rangers-New York Islanders game, limited coverage of the 2010 Masters
Tournament, and (in cooperation with YES Network) a game between the New York
Yankees and Seattle Mariners.[27]
The first Australian program broadcast in high-definition 3D was Fox Sports coverage
of the soccer game Australia-New Zealand on 24 May 2010.[28]
Also in Australia, the Nine Network and Special Broadcasting Service will be
bringing the State of Origin (matches on 26 May, 16 June and 7 July 2010) (Nine) and
FIFA World Cup (SBS) in 3D on Channel 40 respectively. [29]
Earlier this year (2010) Discovery Communications, Imax and Sony announced plans
to launch a 3D TV channel in the US with a planned launch in early 2011.[30] At the
same time, a Russian company Platform HD and its partners – General Satellite and
Samsung Electronics – announced about their 3D television project, which would be
the first similar project in Russia.
In Brazil Rede TV! became the first Terrestrial television to transmit 3D signal freely
for all 3D enabled audience on 21 May. But despite their technology, its programming
is still in poor quality.[31][32][33][34]
Starting on June 11, 2010 ESPN launched a new channel, ESPN 3D, dedicated to 3D
sports with up to 85 live events a year in 3D.[35]
On 1 January 2010, the world's first 3D channel, SKY 3D, started broadcasting
nationwide in South Korea by Korea Digital Satellite Broadcasting. The channel's
slogan is "World No.1 3D Channel". This 24/7 channel uses the Side by Side
technology at a resolution of 1920x1080i. 3D contents include education, animation,
sport, documentary and performances.[36]
A full 24 hour broadcast channel was announced at the 2010 Consumer Electronics
show as a joint venture from IMAX, Sony, and the Discovery channel.[37] The intent is
to launch the channel in the United States by year end 2010.
DirecTV and Panasonic plan to launch 2 broadcast channels and 1 Video on demand
channel with 3D content[38] in June 2010. DirecTV previewed a live demo of their 3D
feed at the Consumer Electronics Show held January 7–10, 2010.[39]
In Europe, British Sky Broadcasting (Sky) launched a limited 3D TV broadcast
service on April 3, 2010. Transmitting from the Astra 2A satellite at 28.2° east, Sky
3D broadcast a selection of live UK Premier League football matches to over 1000
British pubs and clubs equipped with a Sky+HD Digibox and 3D Ready TVs, and
preview programmes provided for free to top-tier Sky HD subscribers with 3D TV
equipment. This was later expended to include a selection of films, sports, and
entertainment programming launched to Sky subscribers on 1 October 2010.[40]
On September 28, 2010, Virgin Media launched a 3D TV on Demand service,[41]
Several other European pay-TV networks are also planning 3D TV channels[42] and
some have started test transmissions on other Astra satellites, including French pay-
TV operator Canal+ which has announced its first 3D channel is to be launched in
December 2010. Also the Spanish Canal+ has started the first broadcastings on May
18, 2010 and included 2010 FIFA World Cup matches in the new Canal+ 3D channel.
[43]
Satellite operator SES Astra started a free-to-air 3D demonstration channel on the
Astra satellite at 23.5° east on May 4, 2010 for the opening of the 2010 ANGA Cable
international trade fair[44] using 3D programming supplied by 3D Ready TV
manufacturer Samsung under an agreement between Astra and Samsung to co-
promote 3D TV.[45]
[edit] 3D episodes and shows
There have been several notable examples in television where 3D episodes have been
produced, typically as one hour specials or special events.
The first-ever 3D broadcast in the UK was an episode of the weekly science magazine
The Real World, made by Television South and screened only in the south-east region
of the UK in February 1982. The programme included excerpts of test footage shot by
Phillips in the Netherlands. Red/green 3D glasses were given away free with copies of
the TV Times listings magazine, but the 3D sections of the programme were shown in
monochrome. The experiment was repeated nationally in December 1982, with
red/blue glasses allowing colour 3D to be shown for the first time. The programme
was repeated the following weekend followed by a rare screening of the Western Fort
Ti starring George Montgomery and Joan Vohs.
The sitcom 3rd Rock From The Sun two-part episode "Nightmare On Dick Street",
where several of the characters' dreams are shown in 3D. The episode cued its viewers
to put on their 3D glasses by including "3D on" and "3D off" icons in the corner of
the screen as a way to alert them as to when the 3D sequences would start and finish.
The episode used the Pulfrich 3D technique.
Recent uses of 3D in television include the drama Medium and the comedy Chuck.
The show Arrested Development briefly used 3D in an episode.
Channel 4 in the UK ran a short season of 3D programming in November 2009
including Derren Brown and The Queen in 3D.[46]
On 31 January 2010, BSKYB became the first broadcaster in the world to show a live
sports event in 3D when Sky Sports screened a football match between Manchester
United and Arsenal to a public audience in several selected pubs.[47]
The 2010 52nd Grammy Awards featured a Michael Jackson Tribute Sequence in 3D,
using anaglyph format.
In April 2010, the Masters Tournament was broadcast in live 3D on DirecTV,
Comcast, and Cox.
On 29 May 2010, Sky broadcasts Guinness Premiership Final in 3D in selected pubs
and clubs.[48]
Fox Sports broadcasts the first program in 3D in Australia when the Socceroos played
The New Zealand All Whites at the MCG on May 24, 2010
The Nine Network broadcasts the first Free-to-air 3D telecast when the Queensland
Maroons faced the New South Wales Blues at ANZ Stadium on May 26, 2010.
The Roland Garros tennis tournament in Paris, from May 23 to June 6, 2010, was
filmed in 3D (center court only) and broadcast live via ADSL and fiber to Orange
subscribers throughout France in a dedicated Orange TV channel.[49]
25 matches in the FIFA World Cup 2010 were broadcast in 3D.
The Inauguration of Philippine President Noynoy Aquino on June 30, 2010 was the
first presidential inauguration to telecast in live 3D by GMA Network. However, the
telecast was only available in select places.
The 2010 Coke Zero 400 will be broadcast in 3D on July 3 on NASCAR.com and
DirecTV along with Comcast, Time Warner, and Bright House cable systems.
The 2010 AFL Grand Final will be broadcast in 3D from the Seven Network.
Avi Arad is currently developing a 3D Pacman TV Show.
Satellite delivered Bell TV in Canada began to offer a full time pay-TV, 3D channel
to its subscribers on 27 July 2010. In September 2010, the Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation's first 3D broadcast will be a special about the Canadian monarch, Queen
Elizabeth II, and will include 3-D film footage of the Queen's 1953 coronation as well
as 3D video of her 2010 tour of Canada. This will mark the first time the historical 3D
images have been seen anywhere on television as well as the first broadcast of a
Canadian produced 3D programme in Canada.[50]
The 2010 PGA Championship was broadcast in 3D for four hours on August 13,
2010, from 3–7 pm EDT. The broadcast was available on DirecTV, Comcast, Time
Warner Cable, Bright House Networks, Cox Communications, and Cablevision.[51]
FioS and the NFL partnered to broadcast the September 2, 2010, pre-season game
between the New England Patriots and the New York Giants in 3D. The game was
only broadcasted in 3D in the northeast.[52]
Singapore based Tiny Island Productions is currently producing Dream Defenders,
which will be available in both autostereoscopic and stereoscopic 3D formats [53].
Rachael Ray (TV series) aired a 3D Halloween Bash on October 29, 2010.
[edit] Health effects
Some viewers have complained of headaches and visual problems after watching 3D
TV and films. There have been several warnings, especially for children.[54]

liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light
modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly.
They are used in a wide range of applications including: computer monitors,
television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common
in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches,
calculators, and telephones. LCDs have displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in
most applications. They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable, less
expensive, more reliable, and easier on the eyes.[citation needed] They are available in a
wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use
phosphors, they cannot suffer image burn-in.
LCDs are more energy efficient and offer safer disposal than CRTs. Its low electrical
power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. It
is an electronically-modulated optical device made up of any number of pixels filled
with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to
produce images in colour or monochrome. The earliest discovery leading to the
development of LCD technology, the discovery of liquid crystals, dates from 1888.[1]
By 2008, worldwide sales of televisions with LCD screens had surpassed the sale of
CRT units.

Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two
transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which
are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With no actual liquid crystal
between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked
by the second (crossed) polarizer. In most of the cases the liquid crystal has double
refraction.[citation needed]
The surface of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid crystal material are
treated so as to align the liquid crystal molecules in a particular direction. This
treatment typically consists of a thin polymer layer that is unidirectionally rubbed
using, for example, a cloth. The direction of the liquid crystal alignment is then
defined by the direction of rubbing. Electrodes are made of a transparent conductor
called Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).
Before applying an electric field, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is
determined by the alignment at the surfaces of electrodes. In a twisted nematic device
(still the most common liquid crystal device), the surface alignment directions at the
two electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules arrange
themselves in a helical structure, or twist. This reduces the rotation of the polarization
of the incident light, and the device appears grey. If the applied voltage is large
enough, the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely
untwisted and the polarization of the incident light is not rotated as it passes through
the liquid crystal layer. This light will then be mainly polarized perpendicular to the
second filter, and thus be blocked and the pixel will appear black. By controlling the
voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed to
pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray. This
electric field also controls (reduces) the double refraction properties of the liquid
crystal.[citati

3D gaming

3D gaming is soon set to move way beyond its current limited niche in the hardcore
PC market, with console manufacturers and game developers increasingly eager to
provide us with compelling interactive content to play on the slew of new TVs set to
hit the shelves later this spring.
CES 2010 was, in many ways, a festival of 3D television tech, with pretty much every
major TV manufacturer unveiling its latest 3D HD TV models – many of which will
see a commercial release later next month.
The runaway successes of movies such as James Cameron's Avatar and Disney's UP
have not only generated a much-welcome renewed interest in cinema-going, but they
will also drive 3D TV sales when they arrive on Blu-ray later in 2010.
Sky is also launching the world's first 3D television station in April which will drive
consumer adoption further. Just like that imaginary game of Tetris 3D we dreamed of
the other night, the pieces are starting to fall into place.
But what of 'proper' 3D gaming in our lounges? Are we still stuck in that annoying
catch-22 stalemate position, where publishers won't invest the extra cash and
developers won't go the extra mile until a proven market (and that all-important return
on investment) is in place?
A brief history of 3D gaming
There have been numerous attempts to take console and handheld and PC gaming into
the third dimension in the last twenty years. Most have been quickly (and rightly)
dismissed by consumers as little more than cheap headache-inducing gimmickry.
"We didn't worry so much about the past efforts, such as Nintendo's Virtual Boy or
things like that," says Dale H Maunu, an analyst at 3D and display tech research firm
Insight Media.

VIRTUAL BOY: Failed to ignite a 3D gaming revolution in the '90s

"3D gaming is really more recent, in terms of the ability to do Stereoscopic 3D ("S-
3D") gaming. The release of DirectX 8 ushered in the era of a standardized 3D API
for MS Windows, which resulted in game developers and publishers creating more
3D assets in their games," adds Maunu.
"The move to DirectX 9 provided still more tools for game developers and is really
the minimum requirement for S-3D gaming; many of the titles that can be played in
S-3D were developed for DirectX 9."
Rewinding a couple of years back to 2008, there were already 3D monitors and
systems available from the likes of iZ3D and Zalman for playing DirectX 9 games in
S-3D. "The Zalman system used drivers from DDD, while iZ3D developed their
own," says Maunu, adding, "the systems worked pretty well, but the drivers generally
needed to be hand-tweaked for each game since there was no standard or API for S-
3D. Plus, the game developers were not directly involved in making their games work
in S-3D so there was still quite a bit of variability in the S-3D experience from game-
to-game."
It was really the introduction of Nvidia's 3D Vision tech early in 2009, along with its
own S-3D API, that started to put some standards in place for games developers and
games buyers.
"World of Warcraft introduced support for 3D Vision in early 2009, and Nvidia was
able to convince many developers to support S-3D," says Maunu. And some cracking
3D-optimised PC titles soon followed including the likes of Left 4 Dead 2, Resident
Evil 5, Batman: Arkham Asylum and, most recently, the game spin-off of Avatar from
Ubisoft.
TechRadar spoke with Patrick Naud, Ubi's Executive Producer of Avatar, who told us
that working on 3D "was a great experience for our team… any time we can get out
there and be one of the first on a new technology like this, you get a boost of
creativity, and we had a lot of fun coming up with great ways to use the innovation to
make a game that puts the player right into the environment and action.
"I personally see a lot of potential with combining 3-D with Natal," says the Avatar
game producer. "These two technologies together will bring us even more immersive
experience to gameplay."
The S-3D Gaming Alliance
Neil Schneider is the Executive Director of the S-3D Gaming Alliance (S3DGA) - the
non-profit and non-proprietary organisation that is generally considered to be the
official voice and standards body for stereoscopic 3D gaming.
Schneider disagrees with analysts such as Dale Maunu who claims that S-3D gaming
is a recent phenomenon in gaming, telling TechRadar that, "modern S-3D gaming has
been around for a whopping twelve years!" (The S3DGA has put together its own
potted history of S-3D gaming, and you can see Part 1 and Part 2 of that over on
YouTube (Part 3 is currently in the works)).
Schneider also points out that while Nvidia's own 3D marketing suggests 400
compatible video games, "this is for depth-only situations…. [and] once gamers
attempt out of screen or pop-out settings, anomalies become much more prevalent,
and this compatibility list is greatly reduced. Similar results can be expected from
additional driver developers like DDD and iZ3D."
"This is one of the reasons why S3DGA was founded. We want that 400+ game
support, and we want it industry-wide."
Schneider also adds that he considers it inappropriate to give all credit Nvidia for
developing S-3D standards. "This is not the case and is misinformed," says the
S3DGA Director. "Its efforts are 100% proprietary, and is not standards based. Their
drivers do not work with the countless competing shutter glasses out there and
Nvidia's first effort to pass an exact left and right image view to the display was done
with Avatar: The Game, and this was handled through private arrangement."
He adds that Ubisoft's Avatar: The Game "had equally native support for iZ3D,
RealD's new format, Sensio's codec, interlaced, and more" and that "Nvidia's left/right
technique was just one of many viable implementations included in the game.
Even with an in-game interface feature, 99% of Nvidia GeForce 3D Vision
optimizations are profile based liked all the other driver developers. It is false to think
otherwise. Avatar: The Game is the first and only true API based game in the Nvidia
camp, though this should grow soon enough."
"This does not undermine the quality that NVIDIA puts out with their GeForce 3D
Vision solution. I just think it's false to credit them with competitive innovations that
don't yet exist."
Several S-3D gaming standards are in the works by S3DGA. Neil Trevett, President
of the Khronos Group (OpenGL) and VP of NVIDIA Mobile Content, Habib
Zargarpour, Senior Art Director for Electronic Arts, and Jon Peddie of Jon Peddie
Research all serve on S3DGA's advisory board.
"If there was a single lesson from CES 2010, it's that NVIDIA is one of several viable
players in the market. Additional players include Hyundai, Zalman, LG, Acer,
XpanD, and more to come. AMD and Bit Cauldron are just around the corner, too."
Low entry barriers
Of all the creative industries, it is games development that is uniquely positioned to
immediately do the most interesting stuff with new 3D display and glasses tech. After
all, games creators have been making their games in 3D for years, but have to date
only been limited by the fact that the game is viewed and played on a flat 2D monitor
or television.
"It seems certain that with all sections of industry getting ready to rally behind 3D TV
it is something game developers will have start putting in their sights," agrees Peter
Walsh, Lead Programmer at Cohort Studios.
"Game developers are uniquely poised to develop content to take advantage of 3D
TV. Film makers, sports broadcasters, animation studios, and just about anyone else
involved in TV need to make significant investments replacing their infrastructure of
cameras, editing equipment, and so on to handle 3D data.
"Game developers on the other hand already have all that information readily
available. In fact we spend a great deal of time trying to make 3D worlds display well
on a 2D screen. To make games work with 3D TV we already have the depth
information available – we just need the means to convey that data to the new TVs."

ust as new high definition TVs were marketed as 'HD ready', expect the first wave of
3D-capable sets to wear a '3D Ready' sticker.
DisplaySearch forecasts that 3D TV shipments will balloon from 0.2 million units in
2009 to 64 million units by 2018, raking in $17 billion along the way. The revolution
will be televised. And those with the biggest wallets will enjoy it in 3D.
But what does '3D Ready' mean, and what defines a 3D Ready TV? Samsung's 3D-
capable 7000, 8000 and 9000 Series HDTVs, for example, will include a proprietary
3D processor and emitter. These are designed to be compatible with multiple 3D
standards, including half/full HD resolution formats and the recently finalised Blu-ray
3D specification.
 Read: Top 10 3D TVs in the world today
All of which suggests that the term '3D Ready' is just a catch-all phrase for a less
exciting (but more accurate) one – 3D-capable.
3D TV size and refresh rate
While there seems to be no restrictions in terms of TV size, a 3D TV needs a
minimum refresh rate of 120Hz (a basic 60Hz displayed for each eye). The higher the
refresh rate, the smoother the 3D effect. So a 240Hz set will be capable of outputting
120Hz to each eye.
HDMI 1.4 will also be required for full HD per eye viewing.
Until the broadcast industry settles on a standard, any '3D Ready' badge will need a
graphic depicting some fingers firmly crossed.
Blu-ray 3D is the closest that we currently have to an accepted 3D standard. The Blu-
ray Disc Association has given the thumbs up to Multiview Video Coding, a variant
of the existing high-def H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec. The world's first 3D Blu-ray
disc, Monsters Vs Aliens, was announced at CES 2010.
Of course, how you view 3D content has also not been set in stone. Cinemas currently
use three different types of 3D glasses – passive polarized glasses, active LCS glasses,
and Infitec (Dolby 3-D) glasses.
At CES 2010, manufacturers such as Samsung, Sony and Panasonic all favoured
active shutter technology, although these can be expensive and need a power source.

Had been waiting so long for the LED TVs to come to sane pricing levels so that I can

plunge in.. Looks like the time has arrived.

Caught hold of a friend who has contacts with a local store and went to the store after
hours and had an extensive view of the machines.. The store guy is friendly and

provided with demo materials & allowed to play our disk also..
The TVs in question.

42" LG LED - 67k

40" Sammy LED - 87k

Now for the observations.

LG Observations.

Pros:

Wowwy PQ when compared to LCDs..

Bluetooth - Has BT A2DB Sterio, BT Pic Viewing, BT MP3 Streaming (?!?!) (Did
not have equipment to test any)

USB 2.0 Movie Playback from external HDD.. (That is something). Played 90% of
movies/tv serials from my seagate 320GB disk.

200 Hz scanning (Now is it mispelt 100Hz?? i never knew such thing existed few
days ago)

Local dimming shows! Blacks are really BLACK (full stop)

2,000,000 : 1 contrast ratio (?!?!? Though the PQ IS great, These guys are going crazy
with numbers)

Cons:

This thing is FAT for a LED TV!! But for the Huge label reading "LED", I would
have considered it as another LCD. Absolutely no size/weight advantage of LEDs.
Specs show, it is heavier than LG JAZZ LCD!!

I observed that, in HD, This panel is brighter than the Sammy (flat settings), 3D effect
is there but defenitely sammy is better. Both the LEDs have far better PQ than LCDs.
(Did not compare with LCDs other than LG&Sammy).

HD content needs to be played from a HD DVD player..

Sound feels like coming from a old solidaire TV..

The angled view (Which IPS is famous for) is little less when comparing this LG
LCDs. But definety not to worry, Iam talking about >150" which no one sees in real
life..
Sammy..

Pros:

Exteremely ~~THIN~~ I mean wafer thin.. I fear if it will fly away during the
monsoon..

Design is to die for!! Look from the sides and you'll see only the stand..

Looks gorgeous even when switched off! That is saying a lot.

SHARP Pictures.. Razor sharp is the word!! Not a single pixel deviation to untrained
eyes.

3D POP is there and it is not an illusion. (Background is very well sperated from the
foreground possibly by some post processing. it is like depth of image in digital
camera if you know..) IMO, Defenitely LED backlighting is not the only reason for it.
It must have got a wonderful 3D engine which they do not put in normal LCDs. It is
better than LG.

5 KG lighter than LG (~15 vs ~20kg)

Cons:

No local dimming. Blacks are still grey if you notice hard. Can live with it.

No BT

100 Hz vs 200 Hz of LG (Did not notice as there weren't any "so much" fast moving
demos.

Err Sound.. It is so thin and it must have been hard to fit in a decent speaker there..
Still Better than LG by a small margin.. Other LCDs (like Jazz) win hands down.

Other comparisons:

When in SD mode, there is little to no difference in PQ between the two. There is this
pop and blacker blacks and more contrast which are noticably different from the
normal LCDs. But if SD content is what we watch daily (which is the case), Samsung
felt exteremely over priced. LG is still better.

Dark scenes with candle light (A demo DVD for plasma actually) is better than
normal LCDs but falls short (by quite a huge margin) when compared to plasma.
Even a very basic plasma which is just 40k played it well..

This is generic to all 16:9 TVs. Both played SD content well in 16:9. I think I don't
have to watch them with the black side bars.
Questions at the end: (For you guys)

1) Why is there still a 20k difference in pricing?

2) I can get a LG 47" LED for a 77k. Given that who will be interested in Sammy?
3) Should I have a more closer look at plasmas? Till now, I was not even considering
them as knowledge from internet tells me that they eat electricity, produce heat and
have burn in (Meaning I cannot watch SD content with side bars).

The store guy's version tells me that they sell plasmas to only budget concious buyers
(Buyers who will turn their backs after the LCD demo). And that he genuinely feels
that LCDs are better. Only the plasma TV demo DVDs show plasmas as better but the
probablity of encountering such scenes in real life is less and when we encounter, we
might not even notice. Also, the LG LEDs are real VFM and he would not buy the
samsung with even the reduced price.

What will I buy if given only the above two as choice.

IMO, The sammy has some features missing and slightly better PQ of HD. SD PQ is
almost the same except for a bit of sharpness. Very very thin and beautiful but 25%
costlier. It is 40" compared to 42" of LG.

Weighing the above I'd definetely go for the LG.

I would also have a second look at the plasma (dont remember.. LG model.. PQ30 I
think) more carefully before deciding anything. It is 27k cheaper than the cheapest
LED and has comparable picture quality and features..

3D PORN

's done. Game on, broheim, because 3D is here to stay. The first 3D porn full feature film made for
modern stereoscopic TVs—those that use shutter eyeglasses—has arrived. It's called Kama-Sutra, and
even Woody Allen will like it.
That's what Allen said at the last Cannes Film Festival: "[I like 3D movies because] three-dimensional
women look a lot better. I don't see it in my movies, but for Playboy it will be perfect." Legendary
european porn producer Mark Dorcel agrees. That's why he made the first 3D porn film to prove it.
Called Kama-sutra, it stars Brigitte Lahaie. Dorcel thinks that not all porn will be 3D, however. Some
people will like it, others will prefer good old 2D. Being a fan of 8mm porn from the 60s, I agree.
The new movie is more Avatar than Alice in Wonderland. It doesn't include women painted in blue—
thankfully-but it uses actual 3D cameras and not 2D-to-3D post-processing—thankfully. [Allocine
(French) and Le Blog Cine (French) via El Mundo (Spanish)]
more about #porn3d
read more: #3d, #porn3d, #porn, #marcdorcel, #3dtv, #3dporn, #nsfw