MBA Weekend

The implication of adopting conceptual base learning

and assessing its impact upon Pakistan society

Assignment of
Advance Business Research Methods

Submitted to:
Sir Usama Iqbal

Prepared by:
Karim Qadir
Student ID: 14119
 Table of Content

1) Background of research …………………….……………………………………. 3

2) Introduction of research ………………….………………………………………. 4

3) Problem Statement ………………………………………………………………. 4

4) Research Objectives ……………………………………………………………… 5

5) Importance of research …………………………………………………………... 5

6) Scope of research ………………………………………………………………… 5

7) Limitations of research …………………………………………………………… 5

8) Research Questions ………………………………………………………………. 8

9) Research Hypothesis ……………………………………………………………... 8

10) Research Design …………………………………………………………………. 8

11) Population and Sample …………………………………………………………… 9

12) Data Collection Technique ….…………………………………………………… 9

13) Data Analysis Technique …………………………………………………………. 9

14) Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………... 9

15) References ………………………………………………………………………… 10

 The implication of adopting conceptual base learning
and assessing its impact upon Pakistan society

Background of Research

Pakistan’s education system is divided into six levels: pre-school (age 3 to 5 years), primary
(grade 1 to 5), middle (grades 6 to 8), high (grades 9 and 10, leading to the Secondary School
Certificate or SSC), intermediate (grades 11 and 12, leading to FSC or FA)

The background of my research is how the education system of Pakistan is not applying the
modern education system.

It is mandated in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and compulsory education to all
children between the ages of 5-16 years and enhance adult literacy. The system of education
includes all institutions that are involved in delivering formal education (public and private,
for-profit and nonprofit, onsite or virtual instruction) and their faculties, students, physical
infrastructure, resources and rules.

The training arrangement of Pakistan is included 260,903 organizations and is encouraging

41,018,384 understudies with the assistance of 1,535,461 instructors. The framework
incorporates 180,846 open organizations and 80,057 private foundations. Thus 31% of
instructive establishments are controlled by the private segment while 69% are open
organizations.

Instruction gives the bedrock to decreasing neediness and improving social advancement. An
instructive arrangement of low quality might be a standout amongst the most vital reasons
why poor nations don't develop. In Pakistan, the nature of instruction has a declining pattern.
It is understood that science training, specifically, is achieving the most minimal ebb and
should be improved desperately. There is an intense deficiency of educators. Research
facilities are poor and badly prepared and educational programs has little importance to
display day needs. The schools for the most part are not progressing nicely. Following
causative variables in charge of the present state is a basic need. These incorporate deficient
educational module, the double mechanism of guidance at the optional dimension, low
quality of instructors, bamboozling in the examinations and packed study halls (Economic
Survey of Pakistan, 2002).

In Pakistan, endeavors have been made to shape the educational modules as per our
ideological, moral and social qualities just as our national prerequisites in the fields of
science, innovation, drug, designing and agribusiness, and so forth. The ascent in the supply
of instructive foundation or evacuation of the supply side imperatives can assume a critical
job in raising proficiency and training of the populace. Advancement spending portion for the
social area has been low all through and is clear from the budgetary assignment for
instruction.
Introduction to Research

Education is a vital process of the development of any society. It is considered one of the
main pillars of society (Adams, 1998). The key to success for any nation lies in their concern
and development of the education sector. As education is promoted in the nation, this reduces
the illiteracy rate that ultimately reduces unemployment. The key to success for any nation
lies in their concern and development of the education sector. As education is promoted in the
nation, this reduces the illiteracy rate that ultimately reduces unemployment. Only an
educated workforce equipped with modern skills can compete and benefit from exploiting the
opportunities created by globalization.

Studies across countries show that human capital investments in Pakistan are performing
poorly: the school enrollment rate is low, school dropouts are widespread, and there is a
distinct gender gap in education (Behrman and Schneider 1993; Sawada 1997).

An investigation led by Peril and Promise (2000) expressed that Pakistan is a creating country
and for them, training is of incredible significance. Their instruction division is confronting
numerous issues of them if the nature of staff. As per Lee (2004), one of the real explanations
behind absence of responsibility and turnover of instructors could be remuneration that is
being advertised.

Problem Statement

The issues lead to the comprehension of the problems which are faced in the development of
the education system and the promotion of literacy. The study outlines seven major problems
such as:

Lack of Proper Planning: It seems like the government of Pakistan is not proper planning
throughout the ages and traditional education in performing in all schools in this case the
students have lack of skills and development

Cost of education: The financial expense is higher in tuition-based schools, yet these are
situated in more extravagant settlements as it were. The conundrum is that non-public schools
are better however not all over the place and government schools guarantee evenhanded
access but rather don't give quality instruction.

Funds for Education: Pakistan burns through 2.4% of GDP on training. At the national
dimension, 89% instruction consumption contains current costs, for example, educators'
compensations, while just 11% includes advancement use which isn't adequate to raise the
nature of training.

Technical Education: Adequate consideration has not been paid to the specialized and
professional training in Pakistan. The quantity of specialized and professional preparing
establishments isn't adequate, and many are denied of framework, instructors and apparatuses
for preparing. It can turn into an advantage once it is gifted. Incompetent populace implies
progressively jobless individuals in the nation, which influences national advancement
adversely.

Research Objectives

1) To evaluate if there is a need for conceptual based learning.

2) To evaluate the kind of impact conceptual learning has upon Pakistan society.
3) To predict the factors of the implication of conceptual learning

Importance of Research

Idea learning bestows information and guarantees learning with an adaptability that gives it a
space for steady improvement. Consistent improvement needs innovative work into the
statistical data points that assistance keep the idea its edge.

It develops students as critical thinkers imparting them with analytical skills to asses a
situation or a scenario. The top to bottom system to comprehend the 'Greater thought'
encourages in building up a logical point of view toward things and circumstances.

The marvel reaches out past examinations and helps an understudy on their identity,
standpoint and profitability. It incorporates the social perspective similarly a lot to add to the
general critical thinking capacities of an understudy making them sufficiently certain to face
and battle testing circumstances looked in concentrates as well as everyday life also.

Scope of Research

This research is related to the field of education. It can be used by education policymakers,
schools’ chains, national and international bodies and other individuals and organizations
looking after the education system of Pakistan. The time spent on this research is six months.

Limitations of Research

The time period is the major limitation since the period of six months is not enough to collect
all the data of students enroll in Pakistan. The industry relevance is education institutions
including school, college, universities, coaching and training centers etc. Since I am teaching
a course in a private school, it was tough to arrange the required data from the big population.
Literature Review

There is a significant volume of literature available on education systems of Pakistan and

valuable research work has been completed by national researchers. Sometime Researchers,
however, must face the difficulty of availability of relevant data, as there are so many
education models are using by different schooling systems, and is that previous studies on the
empirical analysis of the educations institutions operating on the very limited.

Mohammad Afzal Khan was born in Chitral, Pakistan. He received his first master’s degree
in political science from the University of Peshawar, Pakistan in 2002, the M.Ed. degree from
the Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan in 2005 and a Master of Education degree with a
specialization in Early Childhood Education from the Monash University Melbourne
Australia. He has done a study that analyses the status of early childhood education in
Pakistan. His study states that the education systems in place in Pakistan are mainly framed 8
within a didactic approach to teaching and learning, which addresses certain areas of
education but does not teach the child. In this kind of education, students are taught to follow
rules without question and do as instructed, which corresponds to an autocratic view of
learning. The literature indicates that this approach to teaching and learning does not
privilege the holistic development and well-being of children.

On contrary, the study was done by Irshad Ullah, who is associated with Education
Department (E&SE) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Aamna Irshad, who is associated with
National University of Sciences and Technology, holds a different perspective. Their study
states that Islamic philosophy is the only suitable philosophy for Pakistan education system.
The only thing is that to make proper research to make the right direction to the education
system of Pakistan. If such type of roles is incorporated in Pakistani educational philosophy
so definitely this will make Pakistan a prosperous country and the aims and goals of its
founder will be achieved in the true sense, which will be fruitful not only for Pakistan but
especially for the Islamic world and for the rest of the world. In future, the study can be
extended to extract in detail about the philosophical roots of education more deeply, like how
to make the curriculum and teaching methods make more efficient.

Sir Michael Barber Co-chair of Pakistan Education Task Force also enlighten this topic. His
study concludes as the story of education reform in Pakistan is an unhappy one. By drawing
on success within Pakistan (and in other countries) the Task Force can help instill this belief.
The hard work, of course, will be done by teachers and principals, administrators and
politicians at all the different levels in the system. By shaping government thinking, by
influencing the international community, by building the capacity to implement throughout
the system and, above all, by creating the belief that, this time, it really can be done, the Task
Force can make a major contribution

According to Ahmad et al. (2013), Pakistan inherited a poor education system. Since
independence, no significant changes have been made to the education system in general and
to primary education. As a result, the country ranks lowest in terms of literacy rates in the
region. Pakistan has a literacy rate of less than 50%. Of this male literacy rate is 68% and
women only 57%, which is the lowest among other countries in the region such as Sri Lanka
and India. Normally, the literacy rate is measured by the level of education in the country.
There are three levels of Pakistan's education system: primary, elementary and higher.
Among these primary teachings, the most neglected and the most deprived in terms of
equipment and resources.

Most of the resources allocated to education are spent on higher education at the expense of
primary education. This discriminatory government policy has completely paralyzed the
primary education system (Illahi, 1986).

Rehman et al. (2013) stated in his research that the secondary education system is an
important terminal process. Pakistan's education system is facing serious problems at all
levels, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The country's education system is so poor and
outdated that there are serious reservations about this system in all sectors of society
(Government of Punjab, 2002). The situation is not getting any better. Many attempts by
several successive governments to raise the quality of the education system to acceptable
national and international standards have not yielded positive results. This alarming situation
indicated that the education system is collapsing on all fronts (Ashraf, 1983).

In addition to this the report published by the Government of Pakistan in 1998, mentioned
that the education system in Pakistan faces many problems, among which teachers' problems
are very important. Teachers are the key to the success of any education system. However,
studies show that in Pakistan, teachers' problems have multiplied over time rather than
solved. It seems that no one is paying attention to these problems and wasted resources and
energies in the mere improvement of buildings and in the improvement of the curriculum or
the development of the system.

Kanwal (2014) in her research suggests that the adoption of e-learning and the intention of
continuity is a vital issue in developing countries. E-learning presents a significant challenge
for educators and policymakers in developing countries (Bhuasiri, et al., 2012). As thinking
and attitude change over time, it takes a long time to merge ICTs into the traditional learning
environment. Attention needs to be paid to contextual factors in developing countries to
incorporate e-learning into their educational institutions (Andersson and Grunlund, 2009).

Developing countries should plan the implementation of e-learning in their true perspective.
In addition, user factors and technical aspects must be investigated to meet the required
benefits of ICT. The success of the E-learning system not only depends on the availability of
technology, but social and cultural issues must be explored and examined as a priority.
Problems arise when systems are not designed from a student perspective due to differences
in terms of moderating variables such as age, gender and experience (Nawaz, 2013).

Mariam Rehman (2014) mentioned in her study that the Government of Pakistan (GOP) has
recognized the need for new emerging technologies with the traditional education system
since 2000. In 2002, Virtual University was established to meet the required needs of all
students in and out of the country (Qureshi, et al., 2010). Furthermore, in 2007, Government
of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and therefore the Ministry of Knowledge and Technology
generated a National ICT R&D Fund and invited the proposals from IT establishments and
software system firms to develop the e-learning and analysis system. it's extremely suggested
by the upper Education Commission of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan that universities
must be compelled to establish the videoconferencing and Learning Management Systems in
their campuses to address the most recent instructional trends. This study conjointly
investigated that the supply of private pc, technical help, privacy problems and language area
unit the major outstanding challenges of implementing e-learning in the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan (Qureshi, et al., 2010).

Research Questions

1) Is there any need of conceptual based learning?

2) What impact will conceptual learning will do if implemented?
3) Do we expect paradigm shift with introduction of conceptual based learning?
4) Has conceptual learning any future in Pakistan?
5) Can conceptual learning bring more skills in students?

Research Hypothesis
HO1: There is no need to conceptual based learning.
HA1: There is a need to conceptual based learning.
HO2: Conceptual based learning has negative impact upon Pakistan society.
HA2: Conceptual based learning has a positive impact upon Pakistan society.
HO3: Conceptual learning will not bring paradigm shift.
HA3: Conceptual learning will bring paradigm shift.
HO4: Conceptual based learning will not be dominant in near future.
HA4: Conceptual learning will dominant in near future.
HO5: Conceptual learning will not devise new set of skills.
HA5: Conceptual learning will devise new set of skills.

Research Design

The research type used post-positivism, inductive research approach used to look at
previously researched phenomena from a different perspective, and methodological choice
used is mono-method qualitative, research strategy used archival strategy, our research is
cross-sectional based study as we have to search the data of given time period and conclude it
in a specific time period. Data for sampling will be collected by the questionnaires consisting
of questions based on our depending and independent variables.
Population and Sample

The population of the research is education institutes operating all over Pakistan.

We cannot include all schools in our sample design because of time constraint and
availability of data. Hence, we include big changes in schools throughout the country by
using random sampling technique. The total sample of respondent were 500 students of
education institutes. Their response is recorded with the help of the questionnaires. Only
those students of different ages were selected who has writing skills.

Data Collection Technique

Primary data is collected via a questionnaire with a Likert scale. Literature reviews have been
also done for secondary research. Secondary data of this project on will be collected from
education surveys by the government and non-government organizations, newspapers,
journals, magazines, internet etc. We also obtain annual reports of selected schools from their
websites.

Data Analysis Technique

For analyzing the data, the calculated ratios were recorded in SPSS, and statistical results
were obtained in the form of mean and standard deviation. Performance measure techniques
with respect to Hypothesis. T-tests are applied to measure the performances.

Conclusion

Education plays a key role in the development of the country. Over the last decade, the
education sector in Pakistan had shown considerable expansion. But unfortunately, the
education sector is also one of the most neglected segments in the country. This important
segment is poorly financed and poorly managed. Also, there is political interference in the
system which breeds corruption, favoritism and nepotism. The conceptual base learning
would change the overall scenario.

The study calls for the improvement in the efficiency of Pakistani schooling system through
new curriculum building and education policies. The results support the ongoing process of
privatization of schools in Pakistan. Furthermore, school’s performance monitoring system
needs to be strengthened both for the private vis-à-vis public sector in order to improve and
maintain the efficiency drive. Future studies can extend the current work by including other
independent variables such as literacy rate, gender role in education, fee structure and
teacher’s role. Another extension could be the examination of different factors that affect the
performance of small or large schools in different areas.

Reference:

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Lee, (2004), “Restructuring Higher Education in Malaysia”, Pulau Pinang: School of

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