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    Classification and Description. Acoustic Correlates

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    callura
    This section discusses the traditional criteria used to classify consonant sounds: vocal cord vibration (voicing), place of articulation, and manner of articulation. It introduces sonority as an additional criterion, describing sonorants as consonants with higher sonority and resonance, such as vowels, and obstruents as those with lower sonority, including true consonants. Sonorants in English are voiced while obstruents can be voiced or voiceless.

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    Classification and Description. Acoustic Correlates

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    callura
    39 views2 pages
    This section discusses the traditional criteria used to classify consonant sounds: vocal cord vibration (voicing), place of articulation, and manner of articulation. It introduces sonority as an additional criterion, describing sonorants as consonants with higher sonority and resonance, such as vowels, and obstruents as those with lower sonority, including true consonants. Sonorants in English are voiced while obstruents can be voiced or voiceless.

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    This section discusses the traditional criteria used to classify consonant sounds: vocal cord vibration (voicing), place of articulation, and manner of articulation. It introduces sonority as an additional criterion, describing sonorants as consonants with higher sonority and resonance, such as vowels, and obstruents as those with lower sonority, including true consonants. Sonorants in English are voiced while obstruents can be voiced or voiceless.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views2 pages

    Classification and Description. Acoustic Correlates

    Uploaded by

    callura
    This section discusses the traditional criteria used to classify consonant sounds: vocal cord vibration (voicing), place of articulation, and manner of articulation. It introduces sonority as an additional criterion, describing sonorants as consonants with higher sonority and resonance, such as vowels, and obstruents as those with lower sonority, including true consonants. Sonorants in English are voiced while obstruents can be voiced or voiceless.

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    Chapter 3: The Sounds of English. Consonants and Vowels.

    An Articu-latory
    Classification and Description. Acoustic Correlates
    3.1. Consonants and Vowels. Traditional distinctions. Chomsky and
    Halle’s SPE definition
    3.2. Criteria for consonant classification. Vocal cord vibration. Sonority
    3.3. Manner of articulation. Plosives. Fricatives. Affricates
    3.4. Sonorants. The Approximants: glides and liquids
    3.5. Oral and nasal articulation
    3.6. Force of articulation
    3.7. Place of articulation
    3.8. The Description of English consonants
    A. The Approximants
    B. The English Stops
    C. The English Fricatives
    D. The English Affricates

    3.2. Criteria for consonant classification. Vocal cord vibration.


    Sonority

    Traditionally, the three basic criteria used in the articulatory description of a


    sound are vocal cord vibration (voicing), the place of articulation and the manner of
    articulation.
    As far as voicing is concerned, mention has been made in the chapter describing
    the articulatory organs that the vocal cords represent a key element in the articulation of
    speech sounds. If the cords vibrate when we produce a sound, the sound thus uttered is
    called a voiced sound (Rom. sonor). If, on the contrary, the sound is uttered without vocal
    cord vibration, then we are talking about a voiceless sound (Rom. surd). We have already
    said that all vowels are voiced, while as regards consonants, they fall into the two
    categories mentioned above.
    Voicing is not, however, the only parameter that can be used to classify
    consonants and other criteria will also be used to cross-classify this pretty numerous and
    heterogeneous class of sounds. If vibration of the vocal cords constitutes an important
    criterion for differentiating among various sounds, the outgoing airstream may make the
    two cavities (oral or nasal) mentioned in the second chapter vibrate. This generates an
    acoustic phenomenon we are familiar with from everyday life, namely resonance. The
    higher or lower level of resonance produced when a sound is uttered results into a higher
    or lower degree of prominence or sonority and leads to a major distinction between two
    classes of consonants: sonorants and obstruents. Sonorants will, of course, be called
    those sounds having a higher degree of sonority and resonance, while obstruents will be
    those consonants characterized by a comparatively lower sonority and involving a much
    lower resonance (if any). The level of sonority being higher in the case of sonorants (the
    vowels themselves will hold the highest position on a sonority scale), they will
    consequently be vowel or vowel-like sounds. The obstruents will be those sounds having
    predominantly consonantal features, the class including the so called genuine or true
    consonants. In English, all sonorants are voiced, while obstruents may be voiced or
    voiceless.

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