16 Tenses PDF
16 Tenses PDF
16 Tenses PDF
Event
Perfect
Time Simple Continuous Perfect Continuous
Simple Present Present Present Perfect Present Perfect
Present Tense Continuous Tense Tense Continuous Tense
Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect
Past Tense Tense Tense Continuous Tense
Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect
Future Tense Tense Tense Continuous Tense
Past Future
Past Future Past Future Perfect
Past Future Past Future Tense Continuous Tense Perfect Tense Continuous Tense
Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk tense yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang
terjadi saat ini (present).
She arrived in New York three years ago. (?) Since when has he worked here?
Bukan: when has he
Penggunaan Contoh Kalimat
· We have lived in New York for three years.
· She has studied in Melbourne since two years
ago.
Kedua kejadian tersebut dimulai pada masa
a) Untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian lampau dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
yang dimulai pada masa lampau (past) Artinya, We masih tinggal di New York dan She
dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. masih belajar di Melbourne sampai saat ini.
· I have tasted the cake
· Alan has lied to all of us
Kedua kejadian tersebut dimulai dan berakhir di
masa lampau dan efeknya masih bisa dirasakan
sampai sekarang. Artinya, I masih bisa merasakan
rasa kue tersebut meskipun sudah mencicipinya
b) Untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang pada masa lalu. Dan, kebohongan Alan masih bisa
dimulai dan berakhir di masa lampau dan dirasakan meskipun Alan berbohong pada masa
efeknya masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. lalu juga. Jadi, gunakan present perfect tense.
· Alex has called you five times
· I have read the book several times
c) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu Semua kejadian tersebut merupakan kejadian yang
kejadian terjadi berulang kali di masa terjadi berulang kali di masa lampau. Biasanya
lampau. menggunakan adverb of number.
· My father has just gone to the office.
· They have just announced the winner.
Semua kejadian tersebut baru saja terjadi.
d) Untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang Biasanya kata adverb just digunakan untuk tujuan
baru saja terjadi atau dilakukan. ini.
Simple Past Tense adalah suatu bentuk tense yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang
terjadi pada satu spesifik waktu di masa lampau. Kata kerja yang digunakan pada tense ini
harus berupa kata kerja kedua (verb 2).
o Shella usually walked to her campus. Keanu was cooking in his dorm last
night.
Shella was waiting for rain to stop
yesterday.
b) Untuk menyatakan keadaan yang terjadi
secara cepat, satu kali, dan umumnya sebagai b) Untuk menyatakan situasi yang
interupsi ketika berpasangan dengan bentuk berlangsung pada saat suatu interupsi
past continuous. dilakukan. Umumnya berpasangan dengan
Contoh kalimat: bentuk simple past.
Contoh kalimat:
o Shella broke her leg while she was skiing,
Shella was reading book when her
o The doorbell rang when Keanu was mother called her to eat dinner.
cooking. Alan was fixing his bicycle when his
friend came to his house.
Bentuk Rumus Past Perfect Tense Contoh Kalimat
Positif
(+) · Subjek + had + verb 3 · They had studied
Negatif
(-) · Subjek + had + not + verb 3 · They had not studied
Interogatif
(?) · Had+ subjek + verb 3? · Had they studied?
Before dan after bisa didahului kalimat past perfect tense atau simple past tense. Namun, by the
time harus selalu didahului kalimat past perfect tense.
· By juga bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan urutan kejadian, tetapi umumnya diikuti dengan
noun phrase, menjadi by + noun phrase.
Contoh kalimat:
She had read all of her books by the last holiday.
Kejadian pertama Kejadian kedua
Artinya, subjek she telah membaca bukunya (kejadian pertama) saat liburan terakhir dimulai
(kejadian kedua).
Penggunaan Contoh Kalimat
· When she arrived at home, all of her family had
a) Untuk menunjukkan aksi di masa slept.
lampau yang selesai terjadi sebelum aksi Artinya, keluarga subjek she sudah tidur (kejadian
masa lampau lainnya terjadi. pertama) saat she tiba di rumah (kejadian kedua).
Biasanya, kejadian yang terjadi sesudah · They had left by the time we came.
bentuk past perfect adalah dalam bentuk Artinya, subjek they telah pergi (kejadian pertama)
simple past. pada saat kami tiba (kejadian kedua).
· I had been married twice.
· They had applied many times.
b) Untuk menunjukkan frekuensi Bentuk past perfect tense dalam kedua kalimat
kejadian yang telah berlangsung di masa tersebut menunjukkan seberapa sering aksi
lalu. tersebut terjadi di masa lalu.
· If Alex had called you a bit earlier, you would
not have missed your flight.
Artinya, subjek you ketinggalan penerbangannya.
Preposition Artinya
By this time Pada saat ini
From now Dari sekarang
At Pada
Already Telah
By the time Pada saat
When Ketika
Before Sebelum
As soon as Sesegera
Regular Verb
Negative
Verb Positive Negative Interrogative Interrogative
Will I have Will not I have
Ask Will have asked Will not have asked asked…? asked…?
Will not have Will you have Will not you have
Call Will have called called called…? called…?
Will they have Will not they have
Use Will have used Will not have used used…? used…?
Will not have Will we have Will not we have
Work Will have worked worked worked…? worked…?
Irregular Verb
Negative
Verb Positive Negative Interrogative Interrogative
Will he have Will not he have
Be Will have been Will not have been been…? been…?
Will she have Will not she have
Have Will have had Will not have had been…? been…?
Will it have Will not it have
Do Will have done Will not have done been…? been…?
Will I have Will not I have
Say Will have said Will not have said said…? said…?
Will not have Will you have Will not you have
Get Will have gotten gotten gotten…? gotten…?
Will they have Will not they have
Make Will have made Will not have made made…? made…?
Will we have Will not we have
Go Will have gone Will not have gone gone…? gone…?
Will he have Will not he have
Take Will have taken Will not have taken taken…? taken…?
Will she have Will not she have
See Will have seen Will not have seen seen…? seen…?
Will it have Will not it have
Come Will have came Will not have came came…? came…?
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense
ini menekankan pada hasil.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will + have +
been + Verb-ing +
Complement In 2020, she will have been working here for
Positif 2 years.
Subject + will + not + have
+ been + Verb-ing +
Complement In 2020, she will not have been
Negatif working here for 2 years.
Will + Subject + have +
been + Verb-ing + In 2020, will she have been working here for
Interogatif Complement? 2 years?
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu namun gagal
(rencana yang gagal).