European Journal of Electrical Engineering

Vol. 21, No. 1, February, 2019, pp. 85-91

Journal homepage: http://iieta.org/Journals/ejee

A Study of SVM-DTC and Conventional DTC for Induction Motors Drive Fed by Five-level
Inverter
Abdelmalik Bendaikha1,2*, Salah Saad2, Abdelhak Abdou1, Mabrouk Defdaf 1, Yahia Laamari1
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of M’Sila, 28000, Algeria
2
Laboratory Systèmes Electromécaniques (LSELM), University of Annaba, Algeria

Corresponding Author Email: abdlmalik.bendaikha@univ-msila.dz

https://doi.org/10.18280/ejee.210113 ABSTRACT

Received: 17 December 2018 In order to reduce torque and flux fluctuations as well as harmonic currents distortion, two
Accepted: 12 January 2019 models were developed, the first is based on conventional DTC and the second is based on the
SVM-DTC, controlling induction motor fed by a Five-level inverter. PI controller is employed
Keywords: for flux and torque control in order to obtain reference voltages V d and Vq that will be used in
space vector algorithm, switching the SVM algorithm.
The developed models were validated by simulation tests and the obtained results have showed
frequency, harmonic distortion, stator
the advantages of DTC-SVM control over conventional DTC in harmonic currents distortion,
flux, diode clamped inverter, reference
torque and flux fluctuations reductions.
voltages, PI controllers, torque
fluctuations, duration of the
commutations

1. INTRODUCTION the severe computation time constraints and improve the

performance of conventional DTC control, another technique
The recent progress in electric motor control systems is is developed, imposing a constant modulation frequency [10].
mainly due to the increased demand for motors with high In this work, direct vector-based torque control (DTC-SVM)
torques and speeds and the advances in semiconductor power applied to an induction motor fed by a Five-level NPC inverter
components. These recent components can satisfy the above is presented. This control is capable to improve the switching
requirements and have also high switching frequency under strategy of the inverter, resulting in a large number of voltage
very high voltages and currents. vectors to reduce flux and torque fluctuations and switching
The improvements in the field of micro informatics frequency [11-13]. The design of this control technique is
(powerful and fast microcontrollers) have allowed the proposed to improve the performance of the drive systems by
synthesis of converters control algorithms and machine PI controllers associated with vector modulation technique
became more powerful and more robust [1-3]. (SVM).
Industrial variable speed drives applications require high In this paper, two control algorithms (classical DTC and
performance, maximum reliability and minimum cost. The DTC-SVM) are developed in order to compare and show the
application of static converters is due to the development of advantages of the proposed technique over conventional DTC
controlled power semiconductors during on (conduction) and control strategy.
off (blocking) states such as MOSFETs, IGBTs, GTOs [4]. The obtained results are very encouraging demonstrating an
The use of a conventional two-level inverter in the field of important reduction in harmonic ratio (THD) when DTC-
high power applications is not appropriate, as it requires SVM technique is employed.
electronic components capable of withstanding high reverse
voltage and currents of high intensity [5-6].
The direct torque control (DTC) was initially developed for 2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DIRECT TORQUE
asynchronous machines during 1986-1988 by TAKAHASHI CONTROL
and DEPENBROCK, [6-9]. This type of control considers the
association of inverter and machine as a set where the vector 2.1 Induction motor modeling
control is established from the semiconductors switching
states. Its main advantages are the speed and the dynamic Principal, theoretical developments and modeling of DTC
torque fast response as well as low dependence on machine are well covered in the literature [9]. Figure 1 below shows the
parameters. However, two major disadvantages arise. The first structure of the DTC-SVM for induction motor fed by a
is the determination of the switching states based on multilevel inverter. For both models, PI controllers of flux and
information concerning the evolution trends of the flux and the torque were inserted in order to obtain the reference voltages
torque resulting from the nonlinear elements of hysteresis type. Vd and Vq which will be used in the SVM algorithm [4].
The second is related to torque and flux fluctuations, as the
duration of the commutations is variable. In order to overcome

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 Figure 1. Induction motor DTC-SVM structure

The motor stator voltage vector Vs can be expressed as t

follows [9]:  s ( t )   s ( 0 ) +  V s .dt (3)

0

d s The electromagnetic torque can be expressed as follows:

V s = R s .I s + (1)
dt

Direct torque control is based on stator flux orientation. The Ce = p

3
2
(sα Iβ -sβ Iα ) (4)
expression of the stator flux in the reference frame according
to motor stator is obtained by the following equation (2):
3. FIVE-LEVEL INVERTER
( )
t
 s =  s 0 +  V s − R s .I s dt (2)
0 The diode clamped inverter is chosen because of its
simplicity compared to other types of multilevel inverters,
Neglecting the resistor voltage drop, the flux expression will Figure 2 [4].
become:

Figure 2. Structure of diode clamped Five-level inverter

Diode clamped five-level inverter has three symmetrical of each arm. All arms are connected to a dc supply of
arms each consisting of eight bidirectional switches in series. electromotive force (4Uc), these four generators are equal.
These switches must not be ON or OFF simultaneously This inverter is a five-level because it delivers five voltage
in order to avoid the short circuit of the inverter dc source. levels per arm (U/2, U/4, 0, -U/4, -U/2) [4].
Each switch consists of a bi-commendable semiconductor and Five-level inverter space vector diagram with sectors and
a diode connected in anti-parallel. Six diodes in each arm to regions are presented in Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively.
ensure the application of different voltage levels at the output These figures illustrate how five-level space vector algorithm

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is developed. The motor parameters used in simulation are presented in
Table 2.
3.1 Switching functions
Table 1. Motors parameters Asynchronous motor technical
For each switch 𝑆𝑖𝑗 (𝑖 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
1 − 8, 𝑗 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
1 − 3) , a switching parameters
function 𝐹𝑖𝑗 is defined as follows [4]:
Parameters Values
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑆ij 𝑖𝑠 𝑂𝑁 - Motor power Pn= 1.1Kw
Fij = { (5) - Nominal frequency F = 50Hz
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑆ij 𝑖𝑠 𝑂𝐹𝐹 - pole pair Number P=2
- Supply voltage un=220v
The switches of the lower-half arm are complementary with - Nominal current In = 13A
the switches of upper half-arm - Nominal rotational speed nn = 1725tr/min
- Stator resistance Rs = 6.75 Ω
- Rotor resistance Rr = 6.21 Ω
F ij = 1 − F (i −4 ) j ,i = 5−8 ; j = 1−4 (6) - Stator inductance Ls = 0.5192H
- Rotor inductance Lr = 0.5192H
- Mutual inductance Msr = 0.5H
- moment of inertia J = 0.01240 Kgm2
- Friction coefficient f = 0.002 Kg m2/s

4. SIMULATIONS TESTS AND RESULTS ANALYSIS

In order to validate the conventional DTC and SVM-DTC

4.1 Conventional DTC applied to asynchronous machine

fed by Five -level inverter

Developed algorithms with PI controllers for an induction

motor supplied by five-level inverter are presented in Figures
(5) to (15) Figure (5) illustrates the phase to neutral voltage.
The torque curve presented in Figure (6), for conventional
DTC having a transient state section from 0 to 0.16s, no load
operation section from 0.16-0.5s, a load (6 N.m) operation
section applied at 0.5s with a time response less than 0.11s and
section for rotation reversing direction test with loaded motor
Figure 3. Inverter space vector diagram at 0.75s and load elimination at 1.25s is presented to show
motor speed response. SVM-DTC curve also has a transient
Table 1. Switching state of one arm of five-level inverter [4] state section from 0 to 0.14s, no load (0.00 N.m) operation
section from 0.14-0.5s, a section of loaded (6 N.m) motor
State S1x S2x S3x S4x S5x S6x S7x S8x V0x operation applied at 0.5s with a time response is less than 0.07s,
4 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 U /2 and a section for rotation reversing direction test at 0.75s and
3 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 U /4 load elimination at 1.25.
2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 It can be noticed in Figure (7) an appreciable reduction of
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 -U /4 torque ripple as illustrated in zoomed torque response figure,
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 -U /2 the torque ripples in DTC-SVM are much less compared to
conventional DTC torque ripples.
Figure (8) illustrates the speed responses for both
conventional DTC and SVM-DTC techniques according to
speed reference step of 120 rad/s with motor loaded at 0.5s and
unloaded at 1.25s.
A speed reversal from positive to negative value (120 rad/s;
–120 rad/s) is conducted at 0.75s. In Figure (9), the zoomed
speed response shows that both techniques have similar speed
response and load rejection when the same PI speed controller
is used.
Figures (10) to (12) present respectively the stator phase
current, its zoom (zoomed for comparison) and frequency
spectrum. In addition, the results have confirmed that SVM-
DTC has lower THD value (0.86 %) compared to the value of
conventional DTC (2.22 %). The flux angle is shown in Figure
(13).
In order to indicate the reversing direction of rotation,
Figure (14) and (15) show the stator flux components and its
Figure 4. Sectors and regions of space vector diagram trajectory where the magnitude is following its reference

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(1Wb). 4.2 SVM-DTC to asynchronous machine fed by Five-level
All simulations tests results are presented below for both inverter
techniques for comparison.

Figure 5. Inverter output phase to neutral voltage Va

Figure 6. Induction motor torque at transient and steady state

Figure 7. Zoomed torque response for time interval 1sec to 1.1 sec

Figure 8. Induction motor speed with sense reversing direction at 0.75s Figure 9. Zoom of speed response

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 Figure 10. Steady states stator current Ia

Figure 11. Zoom of current (Ia) response time interval 1to1.1 sec

Figure 12. Stator current frequency spectrum

Figure 13. Rotation reversing direction: stator flux position

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 Figure 14. Rotation reversing direction: Stator flux components (Wb)

Figure 15. Stator flux trajectory (Wb)

5. CONCLUSIONS [3] Kouro S, Bernal R, Miranda H, Rodrıguez J, Pontt J.

(2006). Direct torque control with reduced switching
In this paper a comparative study of two techniques, one losses for asymmetric multilevel inverter fed induction
based on SVM-DTC and the other is based on conventional motor drives. Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE
DTC controlling an induction motor fed by five-level inverter Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS
is presented and discussed. The obtained results have showed Annual Meeting 35(4): 2441-2446.
the advantages of SVM-DTC over conventional DTC such as http://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2006.256882
reduced THD value of stator current, torque ripples and flux [4] Bendaikha A, Saad S. (2017). Comparative study of five-
fluctuations with better stator voltage waveform. level and seven-level inverter controlled by space vector
The speed disturbance rejection is quick and tracks its pulse width modulation. International Journal of Power
reference with high static performance. Moreover, SVM-DTC Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 8(2): 755-766.
has better dynamic control under different operation http://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp755-766
conditions.Comparing the results of the present study to the [5] Application Note 9019, FAIRCHILD, Semiconductor,
results of the literature, it can be noticed that current THD Motor Drive System Using SVM Inverter, October, 2001.
value is well below the obtained values of [1, 13]. [6] Takahashi I, Ohmori Y. (1989). High performance direct
torque control of an induction motor. IEEE Transactions
on Industry Applications IA-25(2): 257-264.
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