YEARBOOK 2017

An exclusive report
specially prepared for
our panel of experts
 Argentina 11 Lithuania 43
Preface 3 Australia 12 Luxembourg 44
The 2017 IMD World Competitiveness scoreboard 4 Austria 13 Malaysia 45
The 2017 IMD Digital World Competitiveness scoreboard 5 Belgium 14 Mexico 46
Highlights of the ranking 6 Brazil 15 Mongolia 47
Bulgaria 16 Netherlands 48
What is competitiveness ? 7
Canada 17 New Zealand 49
How do we measure competitiveness? 8
Chile 18 Norway 50
Purchase 10 China Mainland 19 Peru 51
Criterion of the Month 10 Colombia 20 Philippines 52
Croatia 21 Poland 53
Cyprus 22 Portugal 54
Czech Republic 23 Qatar 55
Denmark 24 Romania 56
Estonia 25 Russia 57
Finland 26 Saudi Arabia 58
France 27 Singapore 59
Germany 28 Slovak Republic 60
Greece 29 Slovenia 61
Honk Kong SAR 30 South Africa 62
Hungary 31 Spain 63
Iceland 32 Sweden 64
India 33 Switzerland 65
On the country profiles, we provide a one-page summary Indonesia 34 Taiwan 66
of the most important statistics on each country in the IMD
Ireland 35 Thailand 67
World Competitiveness Yearbook.
Israel 36 Turkey 68
On the left hand column you will find the key attractiveness
indicators 2016 as decided by you, our panel of experts. Italy 37 UAE 69
Japan 38 Ukraine 70
On the right hand column you will find the 2017 rankings,
basic facts, and the competitiveness landscape of the country. Jordan 39 United Kingdom 71
Kazakhstan 40 USA 72
Korea Rep 41 Venezuela 73
Latvia 42 2
 This year, the IMD World Competitiveness Center also needs to be implemented and further explored in
is launching the 29th edition of its rankings, the IMD order to improve efficiency and, therefore, the range and
World Competitiveness Yearbook 2017. It is with great quality of services provided to citizens and businesses.
pleasure and a sense of responsibility that we follow
In response to the need of decision makers to assess
this tradition. Our mission remains that of advancing
the capacity and readiness of a country to make the
the understanding and knowledge on competitiveness,
most of the digital transformation, the IMD World
that is, the extent to which a country is able to foster
Competitiveness Center is pleased to introduce the
an environment in which enterprises can generate
IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking. The
sustainable value.
new Ranking provides a measure of a country’s ability
Competitiveness allows us to recognize the factors that to adopt and explore digital technologies leading to
facilitate prosperity. The IMD World Competitiveness transformation in government practices, business
Center team is dedicated to assess how economies models, and society in general. In the “Competitiveness
fared in generating long term value for their citizens. in Context” section of this edition, the essay entitled
This year two countries are introduced in our rankings “The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking”
for the first time, Cyprus and Saudi Arabia, increasing provides the analytical framework and presents the
the number of countries studied to 63. details of the index.

As in previous years, the e countries that are An undertaking like the IMD World Competitiveness
Professor Arturo Bris characterized by high competitiveness performance Yearbook could not have been accomplished without the
Director IMD World Competitiveness include economies large and small, exporting and support and assistance of many stakeholders. We are
Center importing, manufacturing and services-based. The grateful to our Partner Institutes for the care and effort
common pattern among them is their focus on business- they put in coordinating the gathering of the necessary
friendly regulation, physical and intangible infrastructure, data. We would like to thank the members of the IMD
the promotion of inclusive institutions and openness in Alumni community and our Panel of Experts from all
general. the countries in the yearbook and further afield, for
their continuous cooperation. Last but not least, we are
The rapidly changing technology has lately become a
indebted to the IMD faculty and staff for their support,
permanent feature of all economies. From 3D-printing,
feedback and involvement in many parts of the process.
robotics, and neuro-technology to digital-currencies and
e-participation, the landscape of current capabilities and
future prospects for businesses but also for countries is
shifting. Governments around the world are investing
on their digital economy. However, digital technology

3
 The IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2017 | One year change
THE 2017 IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS SCOREBOARD
WDCR 2017 Country WDCR 2016 Change WDCR 2017 Country WDCR 2016 Change

1 Hong Kong SAR 1 - - 33 Lithuania 30 -3 

2 Switzerland 2 - - 34 Spain 34 - -
3 Singapore 4 +1  35 Chile 36 +1 
4 USA 3 -1  36 Saudi Arabia -
5 Netherlands 8 +3  37 Cyprus -
6 Ireland 7 +1  38 Poland 33 -5 
7 Denmark 6 -1  39 Portugal 39 - -
8 Luxembourg 11 +3  40 Latvia 37 -3 
9 Sweden 5 -4  41 Philippines 42 +1 
10 UAE 15 +5  42 Indonesia 48 +6 
11 Norway 9 -2  43 Slovenia 43 - -
12 Canada 10 -2  44 Italy 35 -9 
13 Germany 12 -1  45 India 41 -4 
14 Taiwan 14 - - 46 Russia 44 -2 
15 Finland 20 +5  47 Turkey 38 -9 
16 New Zealand 16 - - 48 Mexico 45 -3 
17 Qatar 13 -4  49 Bulgaria 50 +1 
18 China Mainland 25 +7  50 Romania 49 -1 
19 United Kingdom 18 -1  51 Slovak Republic 40 -11 
20 Iceland 23 +3  52 Hungary 46 -6 
21 Australia 17 -4  53 South Africa 52 -1 
22 Israel 21 -1  54 Colombia 51 -3 
23 Belgium 22 -1  55 Peru 54 -1 
24 Malaysia 19 -5  56 Jordan 53 -3 
25 Austria 24 -1  57 Greece 56 -1 
26 Japan 26 - - 58 Argentina 55 -3 
27 Thailand 28 +1  59 Croatia 58 -1 
28 Czech Republic 27 -1  60 Ukraine 59 -1 
29 Korea Rep. 29 - - 61 Brazil 57 -4 
30 Estonia 31 +1  62 Mongolia 60 -2 
31 France 32 +1  63 Venezuela 61 -2 
32 Kazakhstan 47 +15 

4
 The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2017 | One year change
THE 2017 IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS SCOREBOARD
WDCR 2017 Country WDCR 2016 Change WDCR 2017 Country WDCR 2016 Change

1 Singapore 1 - - 33 Portugal 31 -2 
2 Sweden 3 +1  34 Slovenia 36 +2 
3 USA 2 -1  35 Latvia 33 -2 
4 Finland 6 +2  36 Saudi Arabia -
5 Denmark 8 +3  37 Poland 38 +1 
6 Netherlands 4 -2  38 Kazakhstan 43 +5 
7 Hong Kong SAR 11 +4  39 Italy 34 -5 
8 Switzerland 7 -1  40 Chile 37 -3 
9 Canada 5 -4  41 Thailand 39 -2 
10 Norway 9 -1  42 Russia 40 -2 
11 United Kingdom 12 +1  43 Slovak Republic 41 -2 
12 Taiwan 16 +4  44 Hungary 42 -2 
13 Israel 13 - - 45 Bulgaria 47 +2 
14 New Zealand 10 -4  46 Philippines 46 - -
15 Australia 14 -1  47 South Africa 51 +4 
16 Austria 19 +3  48 Croatia 44 -4 
17 Germany 15 -2  49 Mexico 52 +3 
18 UAE 25 +7  50 Greece 45 -5 
19 Korea Rep. 17 -2  51 India 53 +2 
20 Luxembourg 21 +1  52 Turkey 50 -2 
21 Ireland 20 -1  53 Cyprus -
22 Belgium 18 -4  54 Romania 49 -5 
23 Iceland 26 +3  55 Brazil 54 -1 
24 Malaysia 24 - - 56 Jordan 48 -8 
25 France 22 -3  57 Argentina 55 -2 
26 Estonia 27 +1  58 Colombia 56 -2 
27 Japan 23 -4  59 Indonesia 60 +1 
28 Qatar 28 - - 60 Ukraine 59 -1 
29 Lithuania 29 - - 61 Mongolia 57 -4 
30 Spain 30 - - 62 Peru 58 -4 
31 China Mainland 35 +4  63 Venezuela 61 -2 
32 Czech Republic 32 - -
5
The USA is pushed out of the top three
The world’s most competitive countries continue to jostle for the top
positions in the 2017 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook, as the
USA is pushed out of the top three. ““These countries have maintained a business-friendly envi-
ronment that encourages openness and productivity.
Hong Kong has consolidated its dominance of the annual rankings
compiled by the IMD World Competitiveness Center, taking the top If you look at China, its improvement of seven places to 18th
spot for the second year. Switzerland and Singapore came in second can be traced to its dedication to international trade. This con-
and third, with the USA ranking fourth, its lowest position in five years tinues to drive the economy and the improvement in govern-
and down from third last year. The Netherlands completed the top ment and business efficiency.”
five, jumping up from eighth last year. Professor Arturo Bris,
Director of the IMD World
The IMD World Competitiveness Center, a research group at IMD Competitiveness Center
business school in Switzerland, has published the rankings every
year since 1989. It compiles them using 260 indicators, about two
thirds of which come from ‘hard’ data such as national employment
and trade statistics; and a third from more than 6,250 responses to
The bottom of the table, meanwhile, is largely occupied by countries
an Executive Opinion Survey that measures the business perception
experiencing political and economic upheaval. “You would expect to
of issues such as corruption, environmental concerns and quality of
see countries such as Ukraine (60), Brazil (61) and Venezuela (63)
life. This year 63 countries are ranked with Cyprus and Saudi Arabia
here because you read about their political issues in the news. These
making their first appearance.
issues are at the root of poor government efficiency which diminishes
Professor Arturo Bris, Director of the IMD World Competitiveness their place in the rankings,” said Bris.
Center, said the indicators that stood out among the most improved
countries are related to government and business efficiency as well
as productivity. » Read more online

6
 Fundamentals of competitiveness
Proposed updated definition

Countries shape the environment in which enterprises create value.

Governments influence competitiveness through legislation and
institutional frameworks. At the same time, contextual elements such
as technological infrastructure can limit competitiveness. Business
efficiency greatly contributes to competitiveness, and economic
Competitiveness analyzes how nations performance also plays a determinant role. While there may be no linear
causality among these elements, they can create a “virtuous cycle” in
and enterprises manage which one factor feeds into – and strengthens – others. The task then
the totality of their competences and resources is to identify an effective outcome of these interactions in order to offer
a more concrete way to measure competitiveness.
to achieve long-term prosperity
We thus propose an updated definition of competitiveness – “the ability of
a country to facilitate an environment in which enterprises can generate
sustainable value” – which meets that need. In applying the definition,
we propose to measure sustainable, or long-term, value creation in
terms of two elements: the long-term profitability of enterprises and
RESOURCES their job-creation levels during the same period.
COMPETENCIES
Economic activity and environmental performance are interconnected.
Education Size, population Long-term profitability requires that the environment suffer as little as
Social cohesion Natural endow- possible from economic activities, otherwise achieving profitability could
Corporate culture ments be detrimental to competitiveness. Job-creation levels could lead to the
Infrastructure job satisfaction of the workforce if employment conditions are favorable,
Motivation
by providing, for example, access to continuous training. Those levels
Attitudes Technology then feed into long-term profitability by increasing performance and
Value systems Goverment efficien- ultimately the quality of life of employees.

This definition approaches the sustainability of competitiveness through

its outcome: sustainable value creation. Sustainable value creation
is “the capacity of enterprises to remain profitable over time while
minimizing the environmental impact of their activities and providing an
organizational context in which their workforce thrives”.

» Read our articles about competitiveness

7
8
Competitiveness as it can be measured !

Hard data are drawn from international, national

and regional organizations such as the World Bank,
OECD, UN, ILO, WTO, ITU, UNESCO and our
network of Partner Institutes.

The emphasis on HARD FACTS ensures objectivity

and transparency

Competiveness as it can be perceived !

Survey opinion data are drawn from our annual

executive Opinion Survey, a 118-point questionnaire
sent to top and middle-level executives worldwide.

The results are shown on a scale from 0 – 10, with the

highest value implying a very positive perception, the
lowest value the most negative.

Over 5,800 respondents to our

Executive Opinion Survey

9
As a member of our Panel of Experts you have PIONEERS IN
the opportunity to purchase the 2017 IMD World
Competitiveness Package(Yearbook, CD and
COMPETITIVENESS
12-months online access) SINCE 1989
at the SPECIAL PRICE of 400 chf

(instead of standard price of 800 chf)

For more information on this please contact the IMD

World Competitiveness Center:
wccinfo@imd.org

The IMD World Competitiveness Newsletter, The

Criterion of the Month, is written by Professor Arturo
Bris, Director of the IMD World Competitiveness
Center or Dr. José Caballero, Senior Economist.

It includes information drawn from the IMD World

Competitiveness Yearbook.

As a respondent to our Executive Opinion Survey you will

now receive this newsletter, but you are able to unsubscribe
at any time.

10
Argentina
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Buenos Aires
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 58 Land area (square km ‘000) 2780.4
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 14.758
High educational level Population (millions) 43.59
GDP (US$ billions) 545.866
Open and positive attitudes IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 20,052
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 57 Real GDP growth (%) -2.3
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 23.92
Business-friendly environment Unemployment rate (%) 9.90
Labor force (millions) 19.54
Current account balance (%) -2.868
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 93.9
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.28

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Australia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Canberra
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 21 Land area (square km ‘000) 7741.22
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 1.345
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 24.13
GDP (US$ billions) 1258.289
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 49,211
Quality of corporate governance Competitiveness 15 Real GDP growth (%) 2.471452579
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.30
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 5.72
Labor force (millions) 12.82
Current account balance (%) -2.672
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 537.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.33

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Austria
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Vienna
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 25 Land area (square km ‘000) 83.88
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 8.74
GDP (US$ billions) 386.592
Policy stability & predictability IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 47,742
High educational level Competitiveness 16 Real GDP growth (%) 1.5
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.97
Effective legal environment Unemployment rate (%) 6.00
Labor force (millions) 4.49
Current account balance (%) 1.614
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 164.8
Direct investment flows inward (%) -7.17

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Belgium
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Brussels
High educational level Competitiveness 23 Land area (square km ‘000) 30.53
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 11.32
GDP (US$ billions) 466.767
Strong R&D culture IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 45,011
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 22 Real GDP growth (%) 1.2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.77
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 8.00
Labor force (millions) 4.93
Current account balance (%) -0.396
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 468.7
Direct investment flows inward (%) 4.16

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Brazil
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Brasilia
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 61 Land area (square km ‘000) 8515.77
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 3.489
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 210.75
GDP (US$ billions) 1796.183
Access to financing IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 14,906
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 55 Real GDP growth (%) -3.6
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 8.74
Skilled workforce Unemployment rate (%) 11.50
Labor force (millions) 102.40
Current account balance (%) -1.309
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 486.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 4.39

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Bulgaria
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Sofia
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 49 Land area (square km ‘000) 111
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 1.768
Competitive tax regime Population (millions) 7.15
GDP (US$ billions) 52.394
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 20,215
Access to financing Competitiveness 45 Real GDP growth (%) 3.443
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -1.32
High educational level Unemployment rate (%) 7.60
Labor force (millions) 3.26
Current account balance (%) 4.199
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 42.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.48

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Canada
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Ottawa
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 12 Land area (square km ‘000) 9984.67
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 1.325
High educational level Population (millions) 36.20
GDP (US$ billions) 1529.199
Open and positive attitudes IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 46,472
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 9 Real GDP growth (%) 1.43
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.41
Skilled workforce Unemployment rate (%) 7.00
Labor force (millions) 19.44
Current account balance (%) -3.340
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 756.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.07

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Chile
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Santiago de Chile
Access to financing Competitiveness 35 Land area (square km ‘000) 756.1
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 676.958
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 18.19
GDP (US$ billions) 247.028
Effective legal environment IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 24,118
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 40 Real GDP growth (%) 1.6
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 3.79
Policy stability & predictability Unemployment rate (%) 6.40
Labor force (millions) 8.68
Current account balance (%) -1.447
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 207.8
Direct investment flows inward (%) 4.72

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

China Mainland
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Beijing
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 18 Land area (square km ‘000) 9600.01
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 6.644
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 1,382.71
GDP (US$ billions) 11199.180
Policy stability & predictability IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 15,399
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 31 Real GDP growth (%) 6.7
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 2.00
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 4.02
Labor force (millions) 812.51
Current account balance (%) 1.754
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 1,220.9
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.13

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Colombia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Bogota
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 54 Land area (square km ‘000) 1141.75
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 3.054
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 48.75
GDP (US$ billions) 282.463
Effective labor relations IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 14,130
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 58 Real GDP growth (%) 1.96
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 7.51
Cost competitiveness Unemployment rate (%) 9.22
Labor force (millions) 24.61
Current account balance (%) -4.440
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 149.7
Direct investment flows inward (%) 4.81

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Croatia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Zagreb
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 59 Land area (square km ‘000) 56.59
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 6.806
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 4.17
GDP (US$ billions) 50.425
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 22,791
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 48 Real GDP growth (%) 2.9
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -1.13
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 13.27
Labor force (millions) 1.83
Current account balance (%) 2.687
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 26.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.74

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Cyprus
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Nicosia
Competitive tax regime Competitiveness 37 Land area (square km ‘000) 9.25
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
High educational level Population (millions) 0.82
GDP (US$ billions) 19.801
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 36,077
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 53 Real GDP growth (%) 2.832953435
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -1.22
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 13.00
Labor force (millions) 0.42
Current account balance (%) -5.261
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 138.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) 25.15

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Czech Republic
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Prague
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 28 Land area (square km ‘000) 78.87
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 24.44
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 10.57
GDP (US$ billions) 192.835
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 33,196
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 32 Real GDP growth (%) 2.327761147
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.69
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 3.95
Labor force (millions) 5.35
Current account balance (%) 1.202
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 113.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.37

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Denmark
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Copenhagen
High educational level Competitiveness 7 Land area (square km ‘000) 42.92
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 6.732
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 5.71
GDP (US$ billions) 306.148
Policy stability & predictability IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 47,988
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 5 Real GDP growth (%) 1.287866938
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.25
Strong R&D culture Unemployment rate (%) 6.35
Labor force (millions) 2.93
Current account balance (%) 8.110
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 100.9
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.15

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Estonia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Tallinn
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 30 Land area (square km ‘000) 45.23
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 1.32
GDP (US$ billions) 23.137
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 29,218
Competitive tax regime Competitiveness 26 Real GDP growth (%) 1.57
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.80
Business-friendly environment Unemployment rate (%) 6.80
Labor force (millions) 0.69
Current account balance (%) 1.880
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 18.9
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.09

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Finland
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Helsinki
High educational level Competitiveness 15 Land area (square km ‘000) 338.42
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 5.50
GDP (US$ billions) 236.785
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 42,044
Strong R&D culture Competitiveness 4 Real GDP growth (%) 1.387346837
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.39
Policy stability & predictability Unemployment rate (%) 8.82
Labor force (millions) 2.69
Current account balance (%) -1.316
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 92.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) -4.03

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

France
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Paris
High educational level Competitiveness 31 Land area (square km ‘000) 549.09
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Reliable infrastructure Population (millions) 66.73
GDP (US$ billions) 2461.464
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 40,969
Strong R&D culture Competitiveness 25 Real GDP growth (%) 1.213
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.31
Effective legal environment Unemployment rate (%) 10.20
Labor force (millions) 29.53
Current account balance (%) -1.091
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 772.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.72

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Germany
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Berlin
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 13 Land area (square km ‘000) 357.38
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Policy stability & predictability Population (millions) 82.24
GDP (US$ billions) 3465.241
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 48,401
High educational level Competitiveness 17 Real GDP growth (%) 1.86
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.38
Strong R&D culture Unemployment rate (%) 4.13
Labor force (millions) 43.14
Current account balance (%) 8.494
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 1,121.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.80

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Greece
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Athens
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 57 Land area (square km ‘000) 131.96
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
High educational level Population (millions) 10.82
GDP (US$ billions) 194.558
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 26,756
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 50 Real GDP growth (%) 0
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.01
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 23.50
Labor force (millions) 4.80
Current account balance (%) -0.036
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 17.7
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.58

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Hong Kong SAR
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Hong Kong
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 1 Land area (square km ‘000) 1.1
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 7.762
Competitive tax regime Population (millions) 7.34
GDP (US$ billions) 320.668
Business-friendly environment IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 58,560
Access to financing Competitiveness 7 Real GDP growth (%) 1.9
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 2.59
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 3.40
Labor force (millions) 3.92
Current account balance (%) 4.522
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 1,572.6
Direct investment flows inward (%) 36.52

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Hungary
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Budapest
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 52 Land area (square km ‘000) 93.03
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 281.523
Effective labor relations Population (millions) 9.83
GDP (US$ billions) 124.343
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 27,496
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 44 Real GDP growth (%) 2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.38
High educational level Unemployment rate (%) 5.15
Labor force (millions) 4.62
Current account balance (%) 4.214
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 92.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) -7.27

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Iceland
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Reykjavik
High educational level Competitiveness 20 Land area (square km ‘000) 103
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 120.812
Open and positive attitudes Population (millions) 0.34
GDP (US$ billions) 20.047
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 48,873
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 23 Real GDP growth (%) 7.19968447
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.70
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 2.94
Labor force (millions) 0.20
Current account balance (%) 8.109
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 7.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) -5.88

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

India
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital New Delhi
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 45 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
3287.26
67.195
Ranking
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 1,308.76
GDP (US$ billions) 2269.657
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 6,619
High educational level Competitiveness 51 Real GDP growth (%) 7.617
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 4.87
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 4.90
Labor force (millions) 533.45
Current account balance (%) -0.919
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 282.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.69

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Indonesia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Jakarta
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 42 Land area (square km ‘000) 1910.93
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 13.308
Cost competitiveness Population (millions) 258.71
GDP (US$ billions) 932.259
Policy stability & predictability IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 11,720
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 59 Real GDP growth (%) 5.02
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 3.53
Business-friendly environment Unemployment rate (%) 5.61
Labor force (millions) 125.44
Current account balance (%) -1.748
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 224.8
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.29

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Ireland
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Dublin
Competitive tax regime Competitiveness 6 Land area (square km ‘000) 70.28
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
High educational level Population (millions) 4.76
GDP (US$ billions) 294.054
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 68,230
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 21 Real GDP growth (%) 5.2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.21
Policy stability & predictability Unemployment rate (%) 7.10
Labor force (millions) 2.20
Current account balance (%) 4.721
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 435.5
Direct investment flows inward (%) 25.59

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Israel
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Jerusalem
Strong R&D culture Competitiveness 22 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
22.07
3.841
Ranking
High educational level Population (millions) 8.63
GDP (US$ billions) 318.307
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 34,830
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 13 Real GDP growth (%) 3.96
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.55
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 4.80
Labor force (millions) 3.93
Current account balance (%) 3.894
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 104.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.87

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Italy
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Rome
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 44 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
301.34
0.904
Ranking
Open and positive attitudes Population (millions) 60.67
GDP (US$ billions) 1849.970
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 36,833
Strong R&D culture Competitiveness 39 Real GDP growth (%) 0.879890544
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.05
Cost competitiveness Unemployment rate (%) 11.69
Labor force (millions) 25.77
Current account balance (%) 2.579
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 335.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.43

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Japan
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Tokyo
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 26 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
377.96
0.109
Ranking
High educational level Population (millions) 126.92
GDP (US$ billions) 4938.644
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 41,268
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 27 Real GDP growth (%) 0.998537654
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.11
Strong R&D culture Unemployment rate (%) 3.10
Labor force (millions) 66.73
Current account balance (%) 3.842
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 170.7
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.71

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Jordan
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Amman
High educational level Competitiveness 56 Land area (square km ‘000) 89.32
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.71
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 9.68
GDP (US$ billions) 38.655
Access to financing IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 8,850
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 56 Real GDP growth (%) 2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.78
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 15.30
Labor force (millions) 1.66
Current account balance (%) -9.342
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 30.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.99

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Kazakhstan
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Astana
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 32 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
2724.9
342.16
Ranking
Business-friendly environment Population (millions) 17.71
GDP (US$ billions) 133.657
Competitive tax regime IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 25,482
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 38 Real GDP growth (%) 1
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 14.55
Effective labor relations Unemployment rate (%) 5.00
Labor force (millions) 9.00
Current account balance (%) -6.373
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 119.8
Direct investment flows inward (%) 15.44

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Korea Rep
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Seoul
High educational level Competitiveness 29 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
100.28
1.16
Ranking
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 51.25
GDP (US$ billions) 1411.246
Dynamism of the economy IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 37,740
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 19 Real GDP growth (%) 2.83
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.97
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 3.80
Labor force (millions) 27.25
Current account balance (%) 6.992
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 174.6
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.77

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Latvia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Riga
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 40 Land area (square km ‘000) 64.49
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
High educational level Population (millions) 1.97
GDP (US$ billions) 27.674
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 25,709
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 35 Real GDP growth (%) 2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.10
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 9.60
Labor force (millions) 0.99
Current account balance (%) 1.477
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 14.5
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.64

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Lithuania
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Vilnius
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 33 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
65.29
0.904
Ranking
High educational level Population (millions) 2.85
GDP (US$ billions) 42.732
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 30,201
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 29 Real GDP growth (%) 2.3
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.68
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 7.90
Labor force (millions) 1.48
Current account balance (%) -0.931
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 14.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.88

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Luxembourg
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Luxembourg
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 8 Land area (square km ‘000) 2.59
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 0.58
GDP (US$ billions) 59.948
Business-friendly environment IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 104,049
Competitive tax regime Competitiveness 20 Real GDP growth (%) 4.2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.11
Access to financing Unemployment rate (%) 6.40
Labor force (millions) 0.44
Current account balance (%) 4.261
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 205.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 42.37

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Malaysia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Kuala Lumpur
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 24 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
330.8
4.148
Ranking
Business-friendly environment Population (millions) 31.70
GDP (US$ billions) 296.358
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 27,233
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 24 Real GDP growth (%) 4.2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 2.09
Skilled workforce Unemployment rate (%) 3.40
Labor force (millions) 14.67
Current account balance (%) 2.047
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 117.6
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.33

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Mexico
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Mexico City
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 48 Land area (square km ‘000) 1964.38
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 18.664
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 122.75
GDP (US$ billions) 1046.002
Open and positive attitudes IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 18,865
Effective labor relations Competitiveness 49 Real GDP growth (%) 2.302396433
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 2.82
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 3.88
Labor force (millions) 54.03
Current account balance (%) -2.663
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 420.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.56

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Mongolia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Ulaanbaatar
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 62 Land area (square km ‘000) 1564.12
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 2,140.291
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 3.12
GDP (US$ billions) 11.160
Dynamism of the economy IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 11,858
High educational level Competitiveness 61 Real GDP growth (%) 1
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.55
Competitive tax regime Unemployment rate (%) 8.60
Labor force (millions) 1.24
Current account balance (%) -4.023
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 16.8
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.14

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Netherlands
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Amsterdam
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 5 Land area (square km ‘000) 41.54
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
High educational level Population (millions) 17.03
GDP (US$ billions) 771.209
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 51,037
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 6 Real GDP growth (%) 2.200993747
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.11
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 6.00
Labor force (millions) 8.97
Current account balance (%) 9.635
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 707.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 10.48

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

New Zealand
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Wellington
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 16 Land area (square km ‘000) 267.71
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 1.437
Business-friendly environment Population (millions) 4.65
GDP (US$ billions) 181.772
Open and positive attitudes IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 38,032
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 14 Real GDP growth (%) 3.956
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.65
Competency of government Unemployment rate (%) 5.10
Labor force (millions) 2.60
Current account balance (%) -2.727
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 66.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.18

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Norway
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Oslo
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 11 Land area (square km ‘000) 385.18
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 8.4
High educational level Population (millions) 5.26
GDP (US$ billions) 370.452
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 69,263
Effective labor relations Competitiveness 10 Real GDP growth (%) 1.02
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 3.55
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 4.70
Labor force (millions) 2.77
Current account balance (%) 4.599
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 149.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) -4.10

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Peru
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Lima
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 55 Land area (square km ‘000) 1285.22
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 3.375
Access to financing Population (millions) 31.49
GDP (US$ billions) 195.174
Business-friendly environment IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 12,900
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 62 Real GDP growth (%) 3.896567957
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 3.59
Cost competitiveness Unemployment rate (%) 6.71
Labor force (millions) 16.50
Current account balance (%) -2.798
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 86.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.52

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Philippines
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Manila
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 41 Land area (square km ‘000) 300
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 47.492
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 103.24
GDP (US$ billions) 304.257
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 7,799
High educational level Competitiveness 46 Real GDP growth (%) 6.8
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.78
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 6.10
Labor force (millions) 43.21
Current account balance (%) 1.015
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 59.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.38

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Poland
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Warsaw
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 38 Land area (square km ‘000) 312.68
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 3.943
Cost competitiveness Population (millions) 38.43
GDP (US$ billions) 469.854
Dynamism of the economy IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 27,428
High educational level Competitiveness 37 Real GDP growth (%) 2.8
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.58
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 8.30
Labor force (millions) 17.57
Current account balance (%) -1.171
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 213.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.02

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Portugal
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Lisbon
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 39 Land area (square km ‘000) 92.22
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 10.31
GDP (US$ billions) 204.677
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 28,985
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 33 Real GDP growth (%) 1.431540123
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.64
Business-friendly environment Unemployment rate (%) 11.10
Labor force (millions) 5.18
Current account balance (%) 0.022
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 114.2
Direct investment flows inward (%) 4.11

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Qatar
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Doha
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 17 Land area (square km ‘000) 11.61
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 3.64
Policy stability & predictability Population (millions) 2.62
GDP (US$ billions) 156.734
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 125,730
Access to financing Competitiveness 28 Real GDP growth (%) 2.23
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 2.66
Effective legal environment Unemployment rate (%) 0.14
Labor force (millions) 2.06
Current account balance (%) -2.220
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 33.2
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.49

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Romania
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Bucharest
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 50 Land area (square km ‘000) 238.39
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 4.079
Open and positive attitudes Population (millions) 19.76
GDP (US$ billions) 186.140
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 22,348
Effective labor relations Competitiveness 54 Real GDP growth (%) 4.784780032
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -1.56
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 5.70
Labor force (millions) 9.14
Current account balance (%) -2.450
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 69.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.88

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Russia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Moscow
High educational level Competitiveness 46 Land area (square km ‘000) 17098.25
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 67.056
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 146.50
GDP (US$ billions) 1280.730
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 25,936
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 42 Real GDP growth (%) -0.2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 7.05
Policy stability & predictability Unemployment rate (%) 5.54
Labor force (millions) 76.64
Current account balance (%) 1.728
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 258.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.57

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Saudi Arabia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Riyadh
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 36 Land area (square km ‘000) 2149.69
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 3.75
Cost competitiveness Population (millions) 31.74
GDP (US$ billions) 639.617
Dynamism of the economy IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 55,159
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 36 Real GDP growth (%) 1.398
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 3.51
Access to financing Unemployment rate (%) 5.70
Labor force (millions) 13.13
Current account balance (%) -6.610
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 224.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.17

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Singapore
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Singapore
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 3 Land area (square km ‘000) 0.719
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 1.382
Business-friendly environment Population (millions) 5.61
GDP (US$ billions) 296.966
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 87,856
Competency of government Competitiveness 1 Real GDP growth (%) 2
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.53
Effective legal environment Unemployment rate (%) 2.10
Labor force (millions) 3.75
Current account balance (%) 19.027
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 978.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 20.74

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Slovak Republic
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Bratislava
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 51 Land area (square km ‘000) 49.04
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 5.43
GDP (US$ billions) 89.554
Access to financing IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 31,340
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 43 Real GDP growth (%) 3.29
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.47
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 9.50
Labor force (millions) 2.76
Current account balance (%) -1.786
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 48.2
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.96

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Slovenia
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Ljubljana
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 43 Land area (square km ‘000) 20.27
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
High educational level Population (millions) 2.06
GDP (US$ billions) 43.991
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 32,084
Strong R&D culture Competitiveness 34 Real GDP growth (%) 2.5
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.06
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 8.00
Labor force (millions) 0.99
Current account balance (%) 6.789
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 11.8
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.45

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

South Africa
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Pretoria
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 53 Land area (square km ‘000) 1219.09
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 14.71
Quality of corporate governance Population (millions) 55.91
GDP (US$ billions) 294.841
Access to financing IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 13,225
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 47 Real GDP growth (%) 0.3
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 6.34
Cost competitiveness Unemployment rate (%) 26.60
Labor force (millions) 21.85
Current account balance (%) -3.264
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 124.9
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.76

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Spain
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Madrid
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 34 Land area (square km ‘000) 505.94
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.904
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 46.47
GDP (US$ billions) 1232.088
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 36,302
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 30 Real GDP growth (%) 3.235751326
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.20
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 19.60
Labor force (millions) 22.82
Current account balance (%) 2.004
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 533.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.20

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Sweden
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Stockholm
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 9 Land area (square km ‘000) 447.42
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 8.562
Strong R&D culture Population (millions) 9.94
GDP (US$ billions) 511.400
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 50,123
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 2 Real GDP growth (%) 3.31
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.14
Policy stability & predictability Unemployment rate (%) 6.95
Labor force (millions) 5.28
Current account balance (%) 4.661
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 281.9
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.45

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Switzerland
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Bern
Policy stability & predictability Competitiveness 2 Land area (square km ‘000) 41.29
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.985
High educational level Population (millions) 8.33
GDP (US$ billions) 659.840
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 59,571
Reliable infrastructure Competitiveness 8 Real GDP growth (%) 1.29
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) -0.43
Strong R&D culture Unemployment rate (%) 4.63
Labor force (millions) 4.90
Current account balance (%) 11.962
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 833.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) -2.69

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Taiwan
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Taipei
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 14 Land area (square km ‘000) 36.2
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 32.318
High educational level Population (millions) 23.54
GDP (US$ billions) 529.467
Cost competitiveness IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 48,094
Quality of corporate governance Competitiveness 12 Real GDP growth (%) 1.5
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.39
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 3.92
Labor force (millions) 11.73
Current account balance (%) 13.398
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 72.3
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.57

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Thailand
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Bangkok
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 27 Land area (square km ‘000) 513.12
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 35.296
Open and positive attitudes Population (millions) 65.32
GDP (US$ billions) 406.858
Dynamism of the economy IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 17,833
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 41 Real GDP growth (%) 3.229960752
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.19
Skilled workforce Unemployment rate (%) 0.99
Labor force (millions) 38.27
Current account balance (%) 11.510
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 175.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.02

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Turkey
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Ankara
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 47 Land area (square km ‘000) 785.35
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 3.02
Dynamism of the economy Population (millions) 79.81
GDP (US$ billions) 857.749
Skilled workforce IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 24,912
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 52 Real GDP growth (%) 2.88
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 7.78
Reliable infrastructure Unemployment rate (%) 10.90
Labor force (millions) 30.54
Current account balance (%) -3.801
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 145.5
Direct investment flows inward (%) 1.43

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

UAE
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Abu Dhabi
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 10 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
83.6
3.673
Ranking
Business-friendly environment Population (millions) 9.27
GDP (US$ billions) 348.743
Reliable infrastructure IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 72,184
Competency of government Competitiveness 18 Real GDP growth (%) 3
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.77
Open and positive attitudes Unemployment rate (%) 3.60
Labor force (millions) 5.89
Current account balance (%) 11.728
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 111.1
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.58

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Ukraine
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Kiev
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 60 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
603.55
25.551
Ranking
Cost competitiveness Population (millions) 42.67
GDP (US$ billions) 93.270
High educational level IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 8,272
Open and positive attitudes Competitiveness 60 Real GDP growth (%) 2.3
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 13.91
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 9.30
Labor force (millions) 17.96
Current account balance (%) -4.052
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 61.8
Direct investment flows inward (%) 3.69

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

United Kingdom
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital London
Effective legal environment Competitiveness 19 Land area (square km ‘000) 243.61
Ranking Exchange rate (per $) 0.741
Skilled workforce Population (millions) 65.21
GDP (US$ billions) 2619.646
Access to financing IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 42,714
Business-friendly environment Competitiveness 11 Real GDP growth (%) 1.806
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 0.64
Dynamism of the economy Unemployment rate (%) 4.83
Labor force (millions) 33.24
Current account balance (%) -4.373
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 1,457.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 11.44

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

USA
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Washington, D.C.
Dynamism of the economy Competitiveness 4 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
9831.51
1
Ranking
Access to financing Population (millions) 324.22
GDP (US$ billions) 18565.600
Strong R&D culture IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 57,272
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 3 Real GDP growth (%) 1.6
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 1.28
Business-friendly environment Unemployment rate (%) 4.87
Labor force (millions) 159.19
Current account balance (%) -2.592
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 5,588.0
Direct investment flows inward (%) 2.29

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017

Venezuela
Ranks 2017 Basic facts
Key attractiveness indicators
IMD World Capital Caracas
Skilled workforce Competitiveness 63 Land area (square km ‘000)
Exchange rate (per $)
912.05
98.179
Ranking
High educational level Population (millions) 31.00
GDP (US$ billions) 287.274
Open and positive attitudes IMD World Digital GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 13,773
Cost competitiveness Competitiveness 63 Real GDP growth (%) -18
Ranking Consumer prince inflation (%) 254.95
Effective labor relations Unemployment rate (%) 21.23
Labor force (millions) 14.01
Current account balance (%) -2.417
DOWNLOAD COUNTRY PROFILE SAMPLE Direct investment stock inward ($bn) 28.4
Direct investment flows inward (%) 0.56

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Competitiveness Landscape for 2017