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CHAPTER 3
File Revision Date : 6 September 2019
Previous Years Chapterwise Question Bank
CLASS : 9 th
SUB : Science
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Atoms and Molecules

ONE MARK QUESTIONS 10. What is the latest short form of atomic mass unit?
Ans :
The latest short form of atomic mass unit is u,
1. State the law of conservation of mass. according to IUPAC.
Ans :
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This law states that the mass can neither be created
nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. That is ‘bass of 11. Name any two monatomic atoms.
reactants is always equal to mass of products. Ans :

2. Who was the first scientist to give the concept of Sodium, Aluminium.
formation of compounds?
Ans : 12. What do we get if 3 atoms of oxygen unite into a
molecule, instead of usual 2 ?
Antoine L. Lavoisier gave the concept of formation of Ans :
compounds.
We get (O3) ozone.
3. Who stated the Law of Constant Proportion?
Ans : 13. Give difference between 2H and H2.
Ans :
Joseph Louis Proust stated the Law of Constant
Proportion. 2H indicates 2 atoms of hydrogen and H2 indicates one
molecule of hydrogen.
4. What is the building block of all matter?
Ans : 14. Give two examples of triatomic molecules.
Ans :
Atom is the building block of all matter.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
5. What is the measuring unit of atomic radius?
15. Define valency.
Ans :
Ans :
Nanometre (nm) is the measuring unit of atomic
radius. The combining power of an element to attain the noble
gas configuration is called valency. Or, it is defined
as number of electrons lost or gained by an atom to
6. Name the instrument which produces image of the
acquire noble gas configuration.
surface of element that shows atoms.
Ans : 16. Who introduced the word ‘Mole’ ?
Scanning tunnelling microscope. Ans :
‘Wilhelm Ostwald’ introduced the word ‘Mole’.
7. What is the full form of IUPAC?
Ans : 17. What is Avogadro Constant?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Ans :
The number of particles present in one mole of any
8. Give the derivation source of symbol of sodium (Na).
substance is fixed with a value of 6.022 × 1023.
Ans :
The symbol of ‘Na’ for sodium is derived from its 18. How does an atom exist?
Latin name ‘Natrium’. Ans :
Atom exists in the form of atom, molecule or ions.
9. Give the full form of amu?
Ans : 19. Give Latin name of Silver.
The full from of amu is atomic mass unit. Ans :

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Latin name of Silver is ‘Argentum’. of chemical combination.

20. What is the symbol of the element of molybdenum? 30. Define law of conservation of mass.
Ans : Ans :
‘Mo’ is the symbol of the element of molybdenum. Law of conservation of mass states that, ‘Mass is
neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.’
21. What is ion?
Ans : 31. Define law of constant proportion.
An ion is a charged particle. It can be positive or Ans :
negative. Law of constant proportion states that, ‘In a pure
chemical substance, the elements are always present
22. What do you mean by symbols of elements? in definite proportions by mass.’
Ans :
32. Which organisation approves the names of elements
Each element is represented by a letter or group of two
all over the world?
letters to write the chemical reactions conveniently. It
is called symbol. Ans :
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
23. Give the symbol of copper, silver, gold, oxygen, zinc. (IUPAC).
Ans :
33. Write the symbols of tungsten and iron.
Copper - Cu
Silver - Ag Ans :
Gold - Au (i) Tungsten (W) and
Oxygen - O (ii) Iron (Fe)
Zinc - Zn
34. Name the element which is used as the reference for
24. What is the difference between an atom and molecule? atomic mass.
Ans : Ans :
An atom is the smallest particle of an element which Carbon.
may or may not have independent existence. For
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Molecule is the smallest particle of the element or
compound which can exist independently. For example 35. Name two atoms which exist as independent atoms.
: O2, H2, N2, etc. Ans :
Noble gases such as argon (Ar) and helium (He) exist
25. Name two elements which have same atomic number. as independent atoms.
Ans :
Two elements cannot have the same atomic number. 36. What is the number of electrons in Mg atom and Mg2+
ion?
26. An element has 8 electrons in its valence shell. What Ans :
is its general name?
Mg = 12e–
Ans :
Mg2+ = 10e–
Noble gas.
37. Write atomicity of the following :
27. Write the value of charge of electron. (i) Sulphur, (ii) Phosphorus
Ans : Ans :
1.6 × 10–19 coulomb. (i) Polyatomic, (ii) Tetra atomic.

28. Name the gas which gives the lightest positively 38. Define atomicity.
charged particle.
Ans :
Ans :
The number of atoms present in one molecule of an
Hydrogen. element or a compound is known as its atomicity.

29. How did the scientist lay the foundation of chemical 39. What are polyatomic ions? Give two examples.
sciences? Name the scientist. Ans :
Ans :
A group of atoms having a charge is known as
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier laid the foundation of polyatomic ion.
chemical science by establishing two important laws Examples : (NH4)+ (SO4)2–
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40. What is the atomicity of argon? If 9 g of water is decomposed, 1 g of hydrogen and 8 g

Ans : of oxygen are always obtained.
Mono atomic.
50. Name the two laws of chemical combination.
41. Give one relevant reason, why scientists choose 161 th of Ans :
the mass of an atom of naturally occurring oxygen as Law of conservation of mass and law of constant
the atomic mass unit? proportions.
Ans :
Initially, 161 th of the mass of naturally occurring oxygen 51. How was the relative atomic mass determined?
was taken as the atomic mass unit because this unit Ans :
gave masses of most of the elements as whole numbers. Relative atomic masses were determined by using the
laws of chemical combinations and the compound
42. State the number of hydrogen atoms in 1 g of hydrogen. formed.
Ans :
52. What did Antoine L. Lavoisier observe regarding the
One gram of hydrogen = One mole formation of compound?
= 6.022 × 1023 atoms Ans :
He noted that many compounds were composed of
43. What is molar mass? What are its units?
two or more elements. Each compound had the same
Ans : elements in the same proportions.
The mass of one mole of a substance is called its molar
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mass. Its unit is gram per mole (gmol–1).
53. Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1 : 8 by
44. The relative atomic mass of oxygen atom is 16.
mass to form water. What mass of oxygen gas would
Explain its meaning.
be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen
Ans : gas?
The relative atomic mass of an atom is the average Ans :
masses of the atom, as compared to 121 th the mass of
1 g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen = 8 g
one carbon-12 atom.
3 g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen = 8 × 3 g= 24 g

45. Distinguish between molecular mass and molar mass.

54. Write the chemical symbols of two elements which are
Ans : formed from the first letter of the elements’ name.
The molecular mass of a substance is the sum of the Ans :
atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule, whereas the
N (Nitrogen), F (Fluorine), I (Iodine), O (Oxygen)
mass of 1 mole of any substance is called its molar
(any two).
mass.
55. Why atoms form ions?
46. Define the atomic mass unit.
Ans :
Ans :
Atoms get stability by acquiring the stable electronic
The mass of 121 th part of C-12 is equivalent to one
configuration of the nearest noble gas for which either
atomic mass unit. Previous, it was denoted by symbol
they lose electrons or gain electrons and thus acquire
‘amu’ but nowadays it is denoted by symbol ‘u’.
noble gas configuration.
47. Why is it not possible to see an atom with naked eyes?
56. Give an example in each of the following cases :
Ans : (i) a divalent anion
Because an atom is too small, i.e., the atomic radii of (ii) a trivalent cation
an atom is of the order 10–19 m to 10–9 m. (iii) a mono-valent anion.
Ans :
48. What is meant by the term chemical formula? (i) O2– (ii) Fe3+ (iii) I–
Ans :
The chemical formula of a compound is a symbolic THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
representation of its composition and actual number
of atoms in one molecule of a pure substance may be
an atom or a compound.
57. What is the ratio by mass of combining elements in
H2O, CO2 and NH3 ?
49. If 9 g of water is decomposed, how many grams of
hydrogen and oxygen are obtained? Ans :
Ans : H2O ratio by mass of combining elements

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= 2 : 16 = 1 : 8 (H : O) Na2CO3 = 2 × 23 + 1 × 12 + 3 × = 106u
CO2 ratio by mass of combining elements 16
= 12 : 32 = 3 : 8 (C : O)
NaNO3 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 14 + 3 × = 85u
NH3 ratio by mass of combining elements
16
= 14 : 3 = 14 : 3 (N : H)
H2SO4 = 1 × 2 + 1 × 32 + 16 × 4 = 98u
58. Calculate the ratio of the numbers of atoms for
magnesium sulphide. 61. Calculate the following in 5.6 g of nitrogen :
Ans : (a) Number of moles of nitrogen
(b) Number of molecules of nitrogen
Atomic mass of Mg = 3 = 1 (c) Number of atoms of nitrogen
24 8 Ans :
Atomic mass of S = 4 = 1 (a) Molar mass of nitrogen = 14 g
32 8

Ratio of atoms in MgS = 1 : 1 or 1 : 1 5.6 g of nitrogen = = 5.6 = 0.4 mole

8 8 14
(b) 28 g of nitrogen = 6.022 × 1023 molecules
59. Give the chemical name, chemical formulae for the 5.6 g of nitrogen = 2.15 × 1022 molecules
following : Washing soda, blue vitriol, baking soda,
green vitriol, oil of vitriol, soda ash, marble chips, (c) 14 g of nitrogen = 6.023 × 1023 atoms
lime water. 5.6 g of nitrogen = 4.30 × 1023 atoms
Ans :
62. What is Avogadro number?
Compound Chemical Name Chemical Ans :
Name Formulae The number 6.022 × 1023 is referred to as Avogadro
Washing soda Sodium Na2CO3.10H2O number and is denoted by symbol NA.
carbonate
63. What are ionic compounds?
Blue vitriol Copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O
Ans :
Baking soda Sodium NaHCO3
bicarbonate Ionic compounds are charged particles. Such
compounds form by joining or losing or sharing the
Green vitriol Ferrods sulphate FeSO4.7H2O electron. For example : Sodium chloride is an ionic
Oil of vitriol Sulphuric acid H2SO4 compound. Its constituent particles are positively
charged sodium ion (Na+) and negatively charged
Soda ash Sodium Na2CO3
chloride ion (Cl–).
carbonate
Lime water Calcium Ca(OH)2 64. What is the similarity between chlorine molecule,
hydroxide nitrogen molecule and hydrogen molecule?
Marble chips Calcium CaCO3 Ans :
carbonate Chlorine molecule, nitrogen molecule and hydrogen
molecule are diatomic molecules. These are formed by
60. Find the molecular mass of the following : the union of two atoms of the same element.
H2, O2, CH4, CH3OH, CO2, HCl, Na2O, MgCl2, NaF,
Na2CO3, NaNO3, H2SO4 65. What is the difference between hydrogen chloride and
Ans : nitrogen molecule formation?
Ans :
H2 = 2×1 = 2u Hydrogen chloride is molecular compound and formed
O2 = 2 × 16 = 32u by the union of different kinds of atoms while nitrogen
is diatomic molecule and formed by union of two
CH4 = 1 × 12 + 4 × 1 = 16u atoms of same kinds.
CH3OH = 1 × 12 + 3 × 1 + 1 × 16 = 32u
+1×1 66. All elements have charged valency. Explain.
CO2 = 1 × 12 + 2 × 16 = 44u Ans :
HCl = 1 × 1 + 1 × 35.5 = 36.5u No, all elements do not form ions thus they, do not
have a charge. For example : Carbon has a valency
Na2O = 2 × 23 + 1 × 16 = 62u of 4 and nitrogen has a valency of 3. Non-metals
MgCl2 = 1 × 24 + 2 × 35.5 = 95u are formed without a charged valency. Example : In
carbon tetrachloride, carbon has valency of 4 and
NaF = 1 × 23 + 1 × 19 = 42u
chlorine has a valency of 1.

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67. If the valency of an element X is 3, then write the He said that a time will come when we come across
chemical formula of its oxide. smallest particles beyond which further division will
Ans : not be possible.

73. What is the significance of symbol of an element?

Explain with an example.
Ans :
(i) The symbol of an element represents the name of
the element.
(ii) It represents one atom of the element.
68. Write the meaning of these formulae : (iii) It represents a definite mass of the element.
(i) 2O, For example :
(ii) O2, (i) The symbol ‘H’ represents the element hydrogen.
(iii) O3 (ii) The symbol ‘H’ represents one atom of the element
Ans : hydrogen.
(i) 2O = Two atoms of oxygen (iii) The symbol ‘H’ represents 1u.
(ii) O2 = One molecule of oxygen
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(iii) O3 = One molecule of ozone
74. How can Dalton’s atomic theory explain the Law of
69. Write the name of the compounds : NaBr, Al2O3,
Constant Proportions?
CaCO3.
Ans :
Ans :
According to Dalton’s atomic theory, atoms of the
NaBr = Sodium bromide same elements are same. Also atoms combine in whole
Al2O3 = Aluminium oxide number. This means that the atoms can combine with
each other in a simple fixed ratio to form molecules.
CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate

75. Give one example each of (i) Monovalent cation, (ii)

70. Out of these Na+, K+, Al3+ and O2–, which is iso-
Bivalent cation, (iii) Monovalent anion, (iv) Bivalent
electronic?
anion.
Ans :
Ans :
Iso-electronic means species having same number of
(i) K+ or Na+
electrons.
(ii) Mg+2 or Ca+2
Ions Atomic Atomic Number of (iii) F– or Cl–
number of number of electron (iv) O2– or S2–
element ions
76. What is meant by a chemical formula? Give examples.
Na+ 11 10 10
Ans :
K+ 19 18 18
A chemical formula of a compound shows its
Al 3+
13 10 10 constituent elements and the number of atoms of each
O2– 8 10 10 combining element, e.g., chemical formula of ammonia
is NH3, water is H2O and carbon dioxide is CO2.
Na , Al and O have 10 electrons each Hence, they
+ 3+ 2–

are iso-electronic.
77. What is meant by a molecule? Give examples.
Ans :
71. Find the number of atoms in the 0.5 mole of C atom.
Ans : A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or
a compound capable of independent existence under
0.5 mole of C atom : ordinary conditions. It shows all the properties of the
Number of atoms in 1 mole of C atom substance, e.g., molecule of oxygen is O2, ozone is O3,
= 6.022 × 1023 atoms phosphorus is P4, sulphur is S8, etc.
Number of atoms in 0.5 mole of C atom
= 6.022 × 1023 × 0.5 78. Define one mole, give its relationship with Avogadro
constant.
= 3.011 × 1023 atoms
Ans :
72. Write the postulate given by the Indian philosopher One mole of any species (atoms, molecules, ions or
Maharishi Kanad. particles) is that quantity in number having a mass
Ans : equal to its atomic or molecular mass in grams. The
number of particles (atoms, molecules or ions) present
Indian philosopher Maharishi Kanad postulated if we in 1 mole of any substance is fixed, with a value of
divide matter we will get smaller and smaller particles. 6.022 × 1023. This number is called Avogadro constant

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or Avogadro number. 84. Write three points of difference between an atom and
a molecule.
79. What is the mass of : or
(a) 0.2 mole of oxygen atoms? What is the difference between an atom and a
(b) 0.5 mole of water molecules? molecule?
Ans : Ans :

(a) 1 mole of oxygen atoms = 1 × 16 = 16 g S. Atom Molecule

0.2 mole of oxygen atoms = 16 g × 0.2 = 3.2 g No.
(b) 1 mole of water (H2O) molecules
1. Atom is the smallest Smallest particle
= 2 × 1 g + 1 × 16 g = 18 g particle of an element of an element or
0.5 mole of water (H2O) molecules that takes part in a compound that can
= 18 g × 0.5 = 9.0 g chemical reaction. exist independently.
2. An atom is usually A molecule is usually
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not stable itself. stable itself.
80. State two examples in each case and write their 3. When similar atoms When same molecules
chemical formulae : combine together in combine together
(a) Molecules having same kind of atoms only. varying numbers, in any numbers,
(b) Molecules having two different kinds of atoms. molecules of different a simple similar
(c) Molecules having three different kinds of atoms. properties can be product is formed.
Ans : formed. E.g. O2, O3.

(a) F2, Cl2, P4, S8

(b) Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Carbon 85. Define formula unit mass. Calculate formula unit
disulphide (CS2). mass of NaCl (atomic mass of Na = 23u, Cl = 35.5u).
(c) Calcium sulphate (CaSO4), Sodium nitrate Ans :
(NaNO3). The formula unit mass is same as molecular mass
which is equal to the sum of masses of atoms present
81. Write the names of the following compounds : in a formula unit. Formula unit mass of NaCl = (23
(a) NiS + 35.5) = 58.5u.
(b) Mg(NO3)2
(c) Na2SO4 86. Calculate the mass of the following :
(d) Al(NO3)3 (i) 2 moles of carbon dioxide.
(e) K3PO4 (ii) 6.022 × 1023 molecules of carbon dioxide.
(f) Ca3N2
Ans :
Ans :
(a) Nickel sulphide, (i) Molar mass of CO2 = 12 + 2 × 16 g = 44 g
(b) Magnesium nitrate, 1 mole of carbon dioxide = 44 g
(c) Sodium sulphate, 2 mole of carbon dioxide = 44 g × 2 = 88 g
(d) Aluminium nitrate,
(e) Potassium phosphate, (ii) Molar mass of CO2 = 44 g
(f) Calcium nitride. = 6.022×1023 molecules of carbon dioxide

82. The atomic mass of an element is in fraction.” What 87. Write the symbols of the following elements :
does it mean? Aluminium, Argon, Barium, Bromine, Beryllium,
Ans : Calcium, Cobalt, Chlorine, Chromium, Helium,
Lithium, Magnesium, Manganese, Neon, Nickel,
If the atomic mass of an element is in fraction, this
Silicon, and Platinum.
means that it exists in the form of isotopes. The
atomic mass of such element is the average of atomic Ans :
masses of its isotopes and is generally in fraction.
Element Symbol Element Symbol
83. Why the number of atoms in one mole of hydrogen gas Aluminium Al Argon Ar
is double the number of atoms in one mole of helium
Barium Ba Bromine Br
gas? Explain.
Ans : Beryllium Be Calcium Ca
The number of atoms in one mole of hydrogen gas is Cobalt Co Chlorine Cl
double the number of atoms in one mole of helium gas Chromium Cr Helium He
because hydrogen molecule is diatomic, i.e., a molecule
of hydrogen consists of two atoms of hydrogen, whereas Lithium Li Magnesium Mg
helium is monatomic. Manganese Mn Neon Ne

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Nickel Ni Silicon Si :
(a) Its molecular mass.
Platinum Pt (b) The number of atoms in one molecule of glucose.
(c) The number of gram molecule in 18 g of glucose.
88. Name the scientists whose experimentation established Ans :
laws of chemical combination. Name the laws also. (a) Molecular mass of C6H12O6
Ans : = (6 × 12u) + (12 × 1u) + (6 × 16u)
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and Joseph L. Proust = 72u + 12u + 96u = 180u
experimented and established two laws of chemical (b) The number of atoms in one molecule of C6H12O6
combination.
These laws are : = 6 atoms of C + 12 atoms of H
(i) Law of conservation of mass, + 6 atoms of O
(ii) Law of constant proportions. = 6 + 12 + 6 = 24 atoms
(c) Number of gram molecules
89. Give two drawbacks of Dalton’s atomic theory. Mass of glucose (g)
Ans : =
Molecular mass of glucose (g)
Drawbacks of Dalton’s atomic theory :
= 18 = 0.1
(i) According to modern theory, atom is not the 180
ultimate indivisible particle of matter. Atoms
are divisible, i.e., they are themselves made-up of 94. What is the mass of (i) 2.5 moles of CO2 and (ii) 1
particles (protons, electrons, neutrons, etc.). mole of water?
(ii) The assumption that the atoms of the same
Ans :
element have same mass does not hold good, in
case of isotopes of an element. (i) 1 mole of CO2 = Molecular mass expressed in
grams
90. Calculate molar mass of sulphuric acid.
= 1 × 44 g
Ans :
2.5 moles of CO2 = 2.5 × 44 = 110 g
Formula of sulphuric acid = H2SO4
(ii) Mass of the substance = Moles of substance
Molar mass of H2SO4 = 2 × mass of H
× Molecular mass in grams
+ 1 × mass of S + 4 × mass of O
Mass of water = 1 × 18 g = 18 g
= 2 × 1 + 1 × 32 + 4 × 16
= 2 + 32 + 64 = 98 gmol–1 95. Calculate the number of H2O molecules in one drop of
water having a mass of 0.05 g.
91. Give the electronic configuration of : Al atom and its Ans :
ion.
Number of moles of H2O in 0.05 g of water
Ans :
0.05 g
Al atom and its ion = (molar mass of water = 18)
18 g
Al atom K L M 0.05 g # 6.022 # 1023
=
2 8 3 18 g
Al3+ K L = 1.673 × 1023 molecules
2 8
96. What is the mass percentage of different elements in
calcium carbonate? (Atomic mass : Ca = 40, O = 16)
92. Sunita calculated molecular mass of S8 molecule and
reported it as 64u from the given atomic mass of 32u. Ans :
But teacher considered her answer as wrong. What Molecular mass of CaCO3 = At. Mass of Ca + At.
is the correct molecular mass of S8? Calculate the Mass of C + 3 × At. Mass of O
number of moles of S8 in 25.6 g of the sample. = 40 + 12 + 3 × 16 = 100
Ans :
Mass percentage of Ca
Molecular mass of S8 = 32 × 8 = 256u
= Mass of element # 100
Moles of S8 in 25.6 g sample = 25.6 = 0.1 mole Mass of molecule
256
= 40 # 100 = 40%
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS 100

C = 12 # 100 = 12%
100
93. Glucose has the molecular formula C6H12O6. Calculate O = 16 # 3 # 100 = 48%
100

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97. What is the use of mole concept? Mass of 6.022 × 1023 atoms of X
Ans : = 3.05 × 10–22 × 6.022 × 1023 g
Applications of mole concept : = 183.7 g
(i) We can calculate the number of basic particles This element could be tungsten.
from the number of moles as the number of moles
of a substance is directly proportional to the 102.Write formula for the following :
number of elementary particles. (a) Zinc sulphate,
(ii) One mole of gas occupies 22.4 litres at 273K. (b) Methane,
(iii) One mole of any gas occupies the same volume at (c) Ammonium carbonate.
same pressure and temperature. Ans :
(iv) One mole is equal to 6.022 × 1023 atoms. So, we
(a) Zinc sulphate
can calculate the absolute masses of atoms and
molecules.
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98. Define the term gram atom. How is it related to mole

and Avogadro number? Thus, Zn2(SO4)2 and finally = ZnSO4
Ans : (b) Methane

The atomic mass of an element expressed in grams

is called gram atomic mass. One gram atom of any
element contains 6.022 × 1023 atoms of the element. It
is equal to one mole of atoms.
One gram atomic mass = 6.022 × 1023 atoms = 1 mole
Thus, finally = CH4
99. Give symbol and valency of : Potassium, Barium, (c) Ammonium carbonate
Aluminium, Calcium, Cobalt, Fluorine, Lead, Zinc,
Iodine, Sulphide.
Ans :

Name of Ion Symbol Valency

Potassium K +
+1 Thus, finally = (NH4)2CO3

Barium Ba2+ +2
103.50 g of 10% lead nitrate is mixed with 50 g of 10%
Aluminium Al3+ +3 sodium chloride in a closed vessel. It was found after
Calcium Ca2+ +2 reaction that 6.83 g of lead chloride was precipitated.
Besides, the reaction mixture contained 90 g water
Cobalt Co 2+
+2 and sodium nitrate. Calculate the amount of sodium
Fluorine F –
–1 nitrate formed.
Ans :
Lead Pb+ +1
Zinc Zn2+ +2 50 g of 10% lead nitrate = 5 g lead nitrate
Iodine I– –1 + 45 g water
Sulphide S2– –2 50 g of 10% sodium chloride = 5 g sodium chloride
+ 45 g water
100.Ca2P2O7 is the formula of calcium pyrophosphate. Total content before reaction = 5 + 5 + 90 = 100
Write the formula for ferric pyrophosphate.
Total content after reaction = 90 g
Ans :
Amount of precipitate = 6.83 g
Valency of calcium is +2. Ca2P2O7 has two calcium According to law of conservation,
atoms. So, calcium have total of +4 charges. Thus, Total mass of reaction mixture = 100 g
pyrophosphate has a valency of –4. Since ferric ion has Amount of sodium nitrate = 100 – 90 – 6.83 = 3.17
a valency of +3, the formula of ferric pyrophosphate g
is Fe4(P2O7)3.
104.Explain the law of multiple proportions.
101.The mass of any single atom X is 3.05 × 10–22 g. What
Ans :
is its atomic weight? Name the possible element.
Ans : According to law of multiple proportions, when two
elements combine to make one or more compounds
1 mole = atomic mass then the ratio of weights of these element remain in
fixed ratio to one another. For example : Hydrogen and
= 6.022 × 1023 atoms
oxygen combine to form water (H2O) and hydrogen
Now, mass of one atom of X = 3.05 × 10–22 g

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peroxide (H2O2) under different condition. 2 grams of (a) X = 2, 8, 2

hydrogen combines with 16 grams of oxygen in case (b) Y– = 2, 8, 8
of water while 2 grams of hydrogen combines with (c) XY2
32 grams of oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide. Now,
the weights of oxygen combine with a fixed weight of 110.Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, Na2O,
hydrogen in water and hydrogen peroxide respectively K2CO3 given atomic masses of Zn = 65u, Na = 23u, K
are 16 and 32 which are in simple ratio of 16: 32 or = 39u, C = 12u, and 0 = 16u.
1 : 2. Ans :

105.Explain the form of atoms in a solid. Formula unit mass of ZnO = 1 × 65u + 1 × 16u
Ans : = 81u
A solid element is a cluster of atoms. The property Formula unit mass of Na2O = 2 × 23u + 1 × 16u
of solid does not depend on a single atom but on = 62u
cluster of atoms. For example : Diamond and graphite
though both are composed of carbon atoms but due Formula unit mass of K2CO3
to different arrangements of carbon atoms in these. = 2 × 39u + 1 × 12u + 3 × 16u
They are different in physical and chemical properties. = 138u

106.What are molecules? Give brief explanation of the 111.If one mole of carbon atoms weighs 12 grams, what is
arrangement of the constituent atoms in the molecules. the mass (in gram) of 1 atom of carbon?
Ans : Ans :
A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or
compound which is stable in normal conditions. And 1 mole of carbon weighs = 12 g
it can freely show all the properties of that element 1 atom of carbon weighs = 12
or compound. It may be made up of one, two or more 6.022 # 1023
atoms. Molecule with one atom called monoatomic. = 1.99 × 10–23 g
E.g. helium, neon, etc.
Molecule with two atoms called diatomic. E.g. 112.What is the mass of :
Cl2, O2. Similarly, there are molecules containing three (a) 1 mole of nitrogen atoms?
atoms (CO2), four atoms (P4) and so on. (b) 4 moles of aluminium atoms (atomic mass of
aluminium = 27)?
Add 89056 29969 in Your Class Whatsapp Group to Get All PDF Files. (c) 10 moles of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3)?
Ans :
107.The mass of one molecule of a substance is 4.65 × 1023
grams. What is its molecular mass? (a) 1 mole of nitrogen atoms
Ans : = 1 × gram atomic mass of nitrogen atom
Mass of 1 molecule of a substance = 4.65 × 1023 grams = 1 × 14 g = 14 g
Mass of 6.023 × 10–23 molecules of a substance (b) 4 moles of aluminium atoms
= 4.65 × 1023 × 6.023 × 10–23 = 4 × gram atomic mass of aluminium atoms
= 28 g = 4 × 27 g = 108 g
Molecular mass of the substance = 28 g (c) 10 moles of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3)
= 10 (2 × gram atomic mass of Na
108.Chlorine occurs in nature in two isotopic forms with + 1 × gram atomic mass of sulphur
masses 35u and 37u in the ratio of 3 : 1. What should
be the mass of chlorine atom? + 3 × gram atomic mass of oxygen)
Ans : = 10 (2 × 23 g + 1 × 32 g + 3 × 16g)
= 10 (46 g + 32 g + 48 g)
35 # 75 + 37 # 25 = 105 + 37
100 100 4 4 = 10 × 126 g = 1260 g
= 142 = 35.5u
4 113.Give the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory.
Ans :
109.An element 12X24 loses two electron to form a cation Every element is composed of extremely small particles
which combines with the anion of element 17Y35 formed called atoms. Atoms of a given element are identical,
by gaining an electron. both in mass and properties. Different chemical
(a) Write the electronic configuration of element X. elements have different kinds of atoms; in particular,
(b) Write the electronic configuration of the anion of their atoms have different masses.
element Y.
(c) Write the formula for the compound formed by Atoms cannot be created, destroyed or transformed
combination of X and Y. into atoms of other elements. Compounds are formed
when atoms of different elements combine with each
Ans :

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other in small whole number ratios. The relative in 44 g of it.

number and kinds of atoms in a given compound are (b) If one mole of oxygen atoms weighs 16 grams, find
constant. the mass of one atom of oxygen in grams.
Ans :
114.(a) Give one point of difference between an atom and
an ion. (a) Molecular mass of SO2 = Atomic mass of S
(b) Give one example each of a polyatomic cation and + 2 × Atomic mass of O
an anion.
= 32 + 2 × 16 = 64u
(c) Identify the correct chemical name of FeSO3
: Ferrous sulphate, Ferrous sulphide, Ferrous Molar mass = 64 g
sulphite. Number of molecules, N
(d) Write the chemical formula for the chloride of Avogadro's number
magnesium. = Given mass #
Molar mass
Ans :
= 44 # 6.022 # 1023
(a) An atom is electrically neutral while an ion is 64
electrically charged particle. = 4.14 × 1023 molecules
(b) (i) Polyatomic cation : (NH4)+ (b) One mole of oxygen contains 6.022 × 1023 atoms
(ii) Polyatomic anion : (SO4)2– of oxygen
(c) Ferrous sulphite
(d) MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride) Mass of one atom of oxygen = 16
6.022 # 1023 g
115.Q. 115. When 3.0 g of magnesium is burnt in 2.00 g of = 2.66 × 10–23 g
oxygen, 5.00 g of magnesium oxide is produced. What
mass of magnesium oxide will be formed when 3.00 g 118.Sodium is represented as 23Na11.
magnesium is burnt in 5.00 g of oxygen? Which law of (a) What is its atomic mass?
chemical combination will govern your answer? State (b) Write its gram atomic mass.
the law. (c) How many atoms of Na will be there in 11.5 g of
Ans : the sample?
Ans :
When 3.0 g of magnesium is burnt in 2.00 g of oxygen,
5.00 g of magnesium oxide is produced. It means (a) Atomic mass = 23u
magnesium and oxygen are combined in the ratio of (b) Gram atomic mass = 23 g
3 : 2 to form magnesium oxide. (c) Given mass = 11.5 g
Molar mass = 23 g
Thus, when 3.00 g of magnesium is burnt in 5.00
Number of atoms (N)
g of oxygen, 5.00 g of magnesium oxide will be formed
and the remaining oxygen will be left unused. It is Avogadro's number
= Given mass #
governed by law of definite proportions. Molar mass
23
It states that in a chemical substance, the elements = 11.5 # 6.022 # 10
are always present in definite proportions by mass. 23
= 3.011 × 1023 atoms
116.A sample of ethane (C2H6) gas has the same mass as WWW.CBSE.ONLINE
1.5 × 1020 molecules of methane (CH4). How many
(C2H6) molecules does the sample of gas contain? NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY BOOKS
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Mass of 1 molecule of CH4 = 16 g 1. Previous 15 Years Exams Chapter-wise Question
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Mass of 1.5 × 1020 molecule of CH4
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Mass of 1.5 × 1020 molecule of C2H4
Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi in any manner.
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= 1.5 # 1020 # 16 # N A
NA 30
= 0.8 × 1020

117.(a) Calculate the number of molecules of SO2 present

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