Lab Experiment # 05: Objective

HVAC Lab Manual Wah Engineering College
Lab Experiment # 05
Objective:
To familiarize the students with split air conditioner and detail study of its various (indoor/outdoor)
components.
Introduction:
Air Conditioner:
It is basically a device used for the removal of heat from a confined space, cool the air below than
the ambient temperature which results the removal of humidity.
Types of Air Conditioners:

In HVAC there are different types of air conditioning systems for different applications. The most
commonly used are described below.
 Window Air Conditioner
 Split Air Conditioner
 Central Air Conditioner
Window Air Conditioner:

The most common Air conditioner, which is used for small houses
and offices, is Window AC. It is a cubical unit, a complete conditioning system in itself; it requires a
window, or such space, where you can install it with its face inside the room. A window air
conditioner unit implements a complete air conditioner in a small space. The units are made small
enough to fit into a standard window frame. You close the window down on the unit, plug it in and
turn it on to get cool air. If you take the cover off of an unplugged window unit, you'll find that it
contains:
 A compressor
 An expansion valve
 A hot coil (on the outside)
 A chilled coil (on the inside)
 Two fans
 A control unit
The fans blow air over the coils to improve their ability to dissipate heat (to the outside air)
and cold (to the room being cooled).
Mechanical Engineering Department

Split Air Conditioner:
It comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. The outdoor unit, fitted outside the
room, houses components like the compressor, condenser and expansion valve. The indoor unit
comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. For this unit you don’t have to make
any slot in the wall of the room. Further, present day split units have aesthetic appeal and do not take
up as much space as a window unit. A split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.
In a split AC consists of 2 units… Indoor Unit and Outdoor Unit
Indoor unit consists of
 Evaporator
 Blower
 Controller
 Thermostat
 Expansion device
Outdoor unit consist of
 Compressor
 Condenser coil
 Condenser cooling fan
Central Air Conditioner:
If you want to cool more than two rooms or a larger space at your home or office, there are two
possible arrangements with the package unit. In the first one, all the components, namely the
compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator are housed in a single box. Central air
conditions has a centralize duct system. The duct system has an air handler, air supply system, air
return duct and the grilles and register that circulates warm air from a furnace or cooled air from
central air conditioning units to our room. It returns that air back to the system and starts again. The
cooled air is thrown by the high capacity blower, and it flows through the ducts laid through various
rooms. In the second arrangement, the compressor and condenser are housed in one casing. The
compressed gas passes through individual units, comprised of the expansion valve and cooling coil,
located in various rooms.

Components Of Split Ac:
Figure 1
Indoor Unit:
 Evaporator:
An evaporator is a device used to turn the liquid form of a chemical into
its gaseous form. The liquid is evaporated, or vaporized, into a gas.
 Cooling fan:
An inside fan pulls the air through the evaporator coils for cooling dispersal.
 Thermostat:
The main role of an air conditioner thermostat is to regulate the temperature
within the air conditioned space, to the set temperature.
 Control unit:
Air Conditioner Controllers have evolved to become more advance. Typical air
conditioner controller’s functions are compressor ON/OFF, Mode setting, timer, fan speed
and Air Louver.

Outdoor Unit:
 Compressor:
The compressor is a vapour compression pump which uses pistons or some

other method to compress the refrigerant gas and send it on its way to the condenser. The condenser
is a heat exchanger which removes heat from the hot compressed gas and allows it to condense into a
liquid.
 Condenser:
Condenser Coils are outdoors and consists of a network of tubes filled with
refrigerant that remove heat from the heated gas refrigerant and convert the refrigerant into a
liquid form again. The excess heat escapes into the outside air.
 Drainage system:
During the normal condensation process, an AC produces a significant
amount of water as a by-product. In a central AC system, there is a primary system of pipes,
often made of PVC, that carry this condensate water to the outside of the building.
 Fan: An outside fan pulls the air through the condenser coils for heat dispersal.
Conclusion:
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HVAC Lab Manual Wah Engineering College

Types of Air Conditioners:

Window Air Conditioner:

Mechanical Engineering Department

Split Air Conditioner:

Indoor unit consists of

Outdoor unit consist of

Central Air Conditioner:

Mechanical Engineering Department

Components Of Split Ac:

Mechanical Engineering Department

The compressor is a vapour compression pump which uses pistons or some

Mechanical Engineering Department

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