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    Dental Implant 2

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    Dentist Ayman
    This document discusses the history and types of dental implants used today. It describes the key criteria for implant success put forth by Albrektsson in 1986, including stability, absence of radiolucency or bone loss, and absence of symptoms. Modern implants generally consist of a root form made of titanium or ceramic materials with a roughened surface to promote osseointegration. Factors like patient age, oral hygiene, smoking, bone quality and systemic disease must be considered for implant treatment.

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    Dental Implant 2

    Uploaded by

    Dentist Ayman
    44 views36 pages
    This document discusses the history and types of dental implants used today. It describes the key criteria for implant success put forth by Albrektsson in 1986, including stability, absence of radiolucency or bone loss, and absence of symptoms. Modern implants generally consist of a root form made of titanium or ceramic materials with a roughened surface to promote osseointegration. Factors like patient age, oral hygiene, smoking, bone quality and systemic disease must be considered for implant treatment.

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    This document discusses the history and types of dental implants used today. It describes the key criteria for implant success put forth by Albrektsson in 1986, including stability, absence of radiolucency or bone loss, and absence of symptoms. Modern implants generally consist of a root form made of titanium or ceramic materials with a roughened surface to promote osseointegration. Factors like patient age, oral hygiene, smoking, bone quality and systemic disease must be considered for implant treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views36 pages

    Dental Implant 2

    Uploaded by

    Dentist Ayman
    This document discusses the history and types of dental implants used today. It describes the key criteria for implant success put forth by Albrektsson in 1986, including stability, absence of radiolucency or bone loss, and absence of symptoms. Modern implants generally consist of a root form made of titanium or ceramic materials with a roughened surface to promote osseointegration. Factors like patient age, oral hygiene, smoking, bone quality and systemic disease must be considered for implant treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 36

    dental Implant

    lecture #1 : history
    successful implant Survival
    – There are a number of published versions of what
    constitutes a successful implant or implant system.
    Albrektsson (1986) proposed the following minimum
    success criteria:
    1. An individual, unattached implant is immobile when tested clinically.
    2. Radiographic examination does not reveal any peri- implant radiolucency.
    3. After the first year in function, radiographic vertical bone loss is less than
    0.2 mm per annum.
    4. The individual implant performance is characterized by an absence of signs
    and symptoms such as pain, infections, neuropathies, paresthesia, or
    violation of the inferior dental canal.
    5. As a minimum, the implant should fulfill the above criteria with a success
    rate of 85% at the end of a 5-year observation period and 80% at the end of
    a 10-year period. 

    “Type a quote here.”

    –Johnny Appleseed
    “Type a quote here.”

    –Johnny Appleseed
    tooth vs implant
    WHAT TYPES OF IMPLANT
    ARE USED TODAY?
    WHAT TYPES OF IMPLANT
    ARE USED TODAY?
    • Modern implants consist of an osseous part that
    interacts with the bone, a transmucosal component
    that interacts with the mucosa and then the
    restoration; this can be a crown or bridge abutment, or
    anchors for dentures. In recent years, there has been a
    vast amount of scientific development in implant
    design, geometry, materials and techniques in order to
    improve the ease of delivery and success of implant
    treatment.
    The majority of designs are cylindrical, or root form in
    geometry and almost exclusively endosseus, i.e. placed
    within the alveolar bone rather than subperiosteally or
    intra-mucosally.

    Surfaces are normally roughened (microporous) through use


    of surface preparation (e.g.
    sand blasting and acid etching) rather than being coated
    to increase the surface area available for osseointegration.
    • innovations in design

    • Cylindrical or root form implants are the most


    commonly used modern implants in routine dental
    practice.

    • The materials used commonly for implants include


    commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys or
    occasionally ceramic materials (e.g. zirconium dioxide
    or aluminium oxide)

    • Root form implants can show variations with


    diameter , geometry ,length shape …
    Pure titanium grade 4

    ! Grade is have the most oxygen content (0.4%)


    ! Good Osseointegration • Titanium oxide layer
    ! Low physical properties
    • High corrosion, low strength ,difficult to manipulate
    Titanium alloy (Ti 6 Al 4V)

    ! Aluminum increases the strength and decrease the weight


    of the alloy.
    ! Vanadium acts as beta-phase stabilizer and increase the
    strength
    Ceramic implants
    • Advantages

    !Biocompatible made from Zirconia

    !More esthetic

    !All ceramic restorations and metal free dentistry
    • Disadvantages

    !One pice implant only

    !No osseointegration

    !no alteration of the abutment portion !High cost
    • Regular Platform implants (3.5 - 4.5 mm diameter)
    • Wide Diameter implants (usually > 4.5 mm in diameter)
    • Reduced Diameter implants (usually < 3.5 mm)
    • Mini implants (usually < 3mm in diameter)
    Implants are generally available in lengths from about 6 mm to as much as 20 mm. The most
    common lengths employed are between 8 and 15 mm, which correspond quite closely to
    normal root lengths. There has been a tendency to use longer implants in systems such as
    Branemark, compared to, for example, Straumann. The Branemark protocol advocated
    maximizing implant length where possible to engage bone cortices apically as well as
    marginally to gain high initial stability. In contrast, the concept with Straumann was to
    increase surface area of shorter implants by design features (e.g., hollow cylinders) or
    surface treatments.
    Molten titanium is sprayed onto the surface of the implant
    to produce a very rough, almost porous surface. This type
    of surface is generally not used because of potential
    problems of periimplantitis if it should become exposed
    to the oral environment. Straumann developed a newer
    surface called the SLA (sand blasted–large grit–acid
    etched). This technique produces a surface with large
    irregularities with smaller ones superimposed upon it. A
    newer version of SLA has been made more hydrophilic,
    which may further improve the speed of cell attachment
    and osseointegration.
    bone surround inserted
    osteo-integrated implant

    SLA
    patient factors
    There are few contraindications to implant treatment. Following
    are the main potential problem areas to consider:
    • Age
    • Untreated dental disease
    • Severe mucosal lesions
    • Tobacco smoking, alcohol and drug abuse
    • Poor bone quality
    • Previous radiotherapy to the jaws
    • Poorly controlled systemic disease such as diabetes Bleeding
    disorders
    Age
    The fact that the implant behaves as an ankylosed unit restricts
    its use to individuals who have completed their jaw growth.
    Placement of an osseointegrated implant in a child will result in
    relative submergence of the implant restoration with growth of
    the surrounding alveolar process during normal development. It
    is therefore advisable to delay implant placement until growth
    is complete. This is generally earlier in females than males but
    considerable variation exists.
    Untreated Dental Disease

    The clinician should ensure that all patients are comprehensively


    examined, diagnosed, and treated to adequately deal with
    concurrent dental disease. Poor oral hygiene will result in
    inflammation of the peri-implant soft tissues—peri-implant
    mucositis. Inflammation of the soft tissues may subsequently lead
    to bone loss (peri-implantitis). Placement of implants in subjects
    susceptible to periodontitis may lead to higher implant failure
    rates and more marginal bone loss. Implants placed close to peri-
    apical lesions or residual peri-apical granulomas may be lost as a
    result of resultant infection.
    Poorly Controlled Systemic Disease

    such as Diabetes

    Diabetes has been a commonly quoted factor to consider in implant treatment. It does
    affect the vasculature, healing, and response to infection. Although there is limited
    evidence to suggest higher failure of implants in well-controlled diabetes, it would be
    unwise to ignore this factor in poorly controlled patients.
    Poor Bone Quality
    This is a term often used to denote regions of bone in which there is low
    mineralization or poor trabeculation. It is often associated with a thin or
    absent cortex and is referred to as type 4 bone. It is a normal variant of bone
    quality and is more likely to occur in the posterior maxilla. In the mandible,
    a thick cortex may disguise poor quality medullary bone in plain
    radiographs. Three-dimensional radiographs will give a much clearer idea of
    bone density and in medical CT this can be measured in Hounsfield units.

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