ASSIGNMENT

On
Ebusiness
Assignment No. 1

Submitted To:
Prof. Gohar Abbas
Submitted By:
Abdullah Ghauri
Registration No.
M1F17BBAM0061

Program: BBA (HONS)

Semester: 6th

University Of Central Punjab

Write a summary on each of the core concepts we have
discussed in class.These summaries should be based on the
information found in chapter no 1 of the recommended text
book?
What is bussinesss?
When a person or organization profits by providing goods or services in exchange for
money.

What is E business?
Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the buying and
selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money through online.

What is commerce?
The exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation
from place to place
A system for the buying and selling of goods and services using the Internet and also for the
collecting of payments through online transactions.

Advantages of ecommerce
• Buying/selling 24/7.
• No need of physical company set-ups.
• Easy to start and manage a business.
• Customers can easily select products from different providers without moving around physically.

Disadvantages of e commerce
• There is no guarantee of product quality
• Customers Can’t Try Before They Buy
• Security issues
• Late Delivery

Categories of business
Business-to-Administration (B2A): In this kind of eCommerce transaction, there are dealings
between companies and public administration. It encompasses different services, such as social security,
fiscal measures, legal documents, employment and so on.

Consumer-to-Administration (C2A): In this eCommerce model, electronic transactions are carried

between individuals and public administration. Some examples are distance learning, information
sharing, electronic tax filing, and so on.
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Business-to-Business (B2B) e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods or
services conducted between companies. Producers and traditional commerce wholesalers typically
operate with this type of electronic commerce.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
The Business-to-Consumer type of e-commerce is distinguished by the establishment of electronic
business relationships between businesses and final consumers. It corresponds to the retail section
of e-commerce, where traditional retail trade normally operates.
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) type e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions of goods
or services conducted between consumers. Generally, these transactions are conducted through a
third party, which provides the online platform where the transactions are actually carried out.
Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
In C2B there is a complete reversal of the traditional sense of exchanging goods. This type of e-
commerce is very common in crowdsourcing based projects. A large number of individuals make
their services or products available for purchase for companies seeking precisely these types of
services or products.

History of E commerce
The history of ecommerce started 40 years ago and, to this day, continues to grow with new
technologies, innovations, and thousands of businesses entering the online market each year.
Electronic Data Interchanges and teleshopping in the 1970s paved the way for the modern day
ecommerce store. The history of ecommerce is closely intertwined with the history of the
internet. Online shopping only became possible when the internet was opened to the public in
1991. Amazon.com was one of the first ecommerce sites in the US to start selling products
online and thousands of businesses have followed since. The convenience, safety, and user
experience of ecommerce have improved exponentially since its inception. This article will
address some of the key players and milestones of ecommerce.
Different waves of Ecommerce
First Wave
In the first phase, “way” back in 1998, business-related “dot-com” Web sites emerged all over the virtual
world. Most of these were simple portals for Web surfers-customers and other interested parties-to
view product specifications and ordering information. Soon after, basic procurement capabilities were
added to these sites, particularly buyer-seller matching for indirect procurements that were both labor-
and paper-intensive. (Maintenance repair operations, and travel and entertainment are two primary
examples of indirect procurement.)

Second Wave
In the second phase, namely last year, Web-based technologies expanded. They began incorporating
several core back-office processes, including order management, procurement, logistics, financial
management, and supply chain planning. At the same time, online procurement systems began handling
direct materials (those materials used in finished goods).

These activities proved the concept of electronic collaboration. The next step was to move the focus
from the back office to the front office. Electronic collaboration in engineering and design became
particularly attractive, given that these two business functions are themselves very much collaborative
environments.

Benefits of E-Commerce

• Improved speed of delivery

• Improved markets reach
• Improved Customer Service
• Better Inventory Management
• Reduced Costs
Write 1000 words on two or more business in your country
which firstly started ecommerce activities?

iShopping
History
We founded in 2011 and grown up as the leading online shopping store offering a huge range of products from the
world's leading brands.

iShopping.pk has its origins as an independent online store for all luxury shopping needs.

iShopping.pk – An Online Shopping Platform that brings to you the most popular branded merchandise comprising
of latest and advanced level of products and gadgets. Our platform contains an impressive range of mobile phones,
tablets, laptops, TV’s and DVD’s, gaming consoles and games, home & Living products like home appliances,
kitchen appliances, apparel, footwear, fashion accessories and jewellery, beauty and cosmetics, baby care, home
décor and furniture, books, sports goods and much more. Trust us when we tell you that we are barely scratching
the surface in naming our extensive line of product categories.

With the existence of various shopping platforms popping up online, providing more or less the same products at
the same prices, it has become very difficult for consumers to actually decide upon their platform of choice.
iShopping.pk helps you with making a better and informed decision. We have something more to offer than good
products at reasonable prices and that is the service level. A lot of companies are in the business of selling but
iShopping helps its valuable customers by providing a personalized level of pre sales and after sales support
unmatched by any of our competitors.

We are quick to respond to our customers in the shortest possible time via whatever medium of communication
they have chosen. Our offer on almost immediate returns on defected or damaged merchandise during transit
allows you to feel as comfortable as if you were choosing goods from your own shop. Our philosophy is simple:
“Treat someone as you would like to be treated yourself”. Our staff first unlearns their existing customer service
knowledge and then relearn it our way; the ‘iShopping’ way. This ensures us to be able to sell world class branded
products coupled with the most convenient and effective iShopping service. Shop now with iShopping.pk and feel
the difference!

Company Mission

To be our customer’s encyclopedia of products offered at the lowest prices, and to transform our seller’s
way of doing business

Our Vision

Reimagining Lifestyles

Core Values
 • Customer compassion: Our customers lie at the core of all decision-making processes at
Homeshopping. We strongly believe in creating a happy shopping and shipping experience for our
customers. We place immense value in understanding each our customers needs, providing
assistance in overcoming online shopping challenges for each individual customer, and hence
building long term customers relationship

• Sustainability: Our business processes are optimum, our teams lean, and our initiatives
economically friendly. These values built into the DNA of all Homeshopping employees directly
translates into the overall business sustainability.

• Ownership: Promoting and reinforcing a culture of ownership results in the achievement of our end
business goals. With ownership comes integrity, and with integrity trust and reliability is established.
This is the reason why we hire people who bring these values to the Homeshopping habitat

Symbios.pk

Symbios.pk, Pakistan’s Pioneering and Biggest Electronics, Gadgets and Tech Online Store
Symbios.pk is one of Pakistan’s first and most experienced e-commerce stores. Since 2006 we have
helped around a ‘Million Customers’ happily get what they wanted all across Pakistan.
We are the electronics, gadgets and tech product champions, with a wide variety of brands across key
categories like Mobile Phones, Laptops & Tablets, Smart Watches, Cameras, Home and Living, Sports &
Fitness, Health and Beauty, Automobile Accessories, etc.
If you feel we don’t have the you’re looking any electronic, gadget or tech product that you looking for, just
let us know and we will arrange it for you (03111444717). Our promise is to ensure that all your
electronic, gadget or tech purchase needs are met.
To meet our customer needs and provide an above and beyond sense of service, we do everything
ourselves, that’s why you can trust us to deliver what you have ordered. We pick the requested product,
quality check it; pack it and have it shipped to you.
Stay connected to our industry-wide updates by subscribing to our special deals newsletter and following
us on our social media channels.
 Adamjee Insurance Company Limited

Adamjee Insurance Company Limited (AICL) is the largest general insurance company in Pakistan,
incorporated as a Public Limited Company on September 28, 1960 and is listed on Pakistan Stock
Exchange Limited. AICL has a unique advantage of having regional presence in United Arab Emirates
(UAE) and maintains its standing through an unwavering commitment to its corporate philosophy. AICL’s
competitive advantage is achieved by a combination of having the largest paid-up capital and reserves,
and a well-diversified business portfolio.
A Truly Dynamic Business Setting

AICL aims to deliver innovative customer solutions, owing to its wide-ranging line of products. Its
employees are dedicated to performing their best for its valued customers, trained with all the skills
necessary for a truly outstanding customer service. The Company’s focus on strengthening and
expanding its global presence is reflected in its tapping the growth potential available in the UAE
market. AICL in collaboration with Hollard International, a South African company, has life assurance
operations under a separate entity namely, Adamjee Life Assurance Company Limited.

Delivering Value to Customers

Adamjee Insurance is broadly involved in underwriting the following classes of business:

• Fire and Property

• Marine Aviation and Transport

• Motor

• Accident & Health

• Miscellaneous Insurance

As a pioneer in the coverage of Oil & Gas (upstream & midstream), Wind and Thermal Energy Risks, AICL
has successfully assumed the role of the leading player in Pakistan’s insurance industry. The Company
has also managed to secure business being brought in by foreign investors entering Pakistan to execute
construction or infrastructure development projects. AICL’s confidence lies in the large number of
banking and financial sector clients that AICL insures. Some of AICL’s high risk-value projects include risk-
coverage provision to Petrochemical Factories and Industrial Risk projects. AICL also specializes in
insuring Engineering and Telecom concerns.

Alternatively, AICL serves Pakistan’s primary industry by providing coverage to the Textile and Sugar
sectors. AICL is proud to be the premier insurer of Kidnap & Ransom, Professional Indemnity, Product
Liability and other specialized lines in Pakistan.

A wide range of Shariah-compliant Takaful Products are also offered through AICL’s top-of-the-line
Window Takaful Operations, serving customers from all walks of life, on a much larger scale.

AICL’s customer-centric approach drives it forward in customer care. The Company’s financial strength
allows the timely remuneration and settlement of hefty claims.

A competent team of professionals works tirelessly to ensure comprehensive customer satisfaction and
a 24/7 dedicated customer care call center is always on call.
 Online Policy Issuance
Introduction
Motor Insurance policy is mandatory under the Motor Vehicle Act. Owing Adamjee Insurance Company
Limited Motor Insurance ensures that the owner of vehicle is protected from financial losses, caused by
damage or theft to the vehicle and third party liability.

For Individuals (Retail Auto Insurance)

Adamjee Insurance in the year 2008 launched Online Policy Issuance in alliance with the leading
manufacturer in Auto Sector- Pak Suzuki. This launch was on pan Pakistan basis. Since then the alliance
has gained & shown significant growth over time. Presently, “Suzuki Insurance” Program is running
successfully.

Retail Insurance has entered in the Toyota & Honda Market. Retail department made alliances with the
Vehicle Tracking Companies to provide their customers complete package of "Insurance plus Tracker".
The target market of the department is strictly Retail customers who are purchasing vehicles from 3S
Authorized Dealerships.

Retail is also providing same facilities to the Used cars customer in collaboration with the 24/7 Call
Centre (Toll Free Number 0800-00242) & providing best services to their customers.
Choose Two successful online businesses, whose revenue are
not based on advertisement and write 1000 words to
describe each of them?
IBM AMERICAN CORPORATION
Introduction
IBM, in full International Business Machines Corporation, leading American computer
manufacturer, with a major share of the market both in the United States and abroad. Its
headquarters are in Armonk, New York.

It was incorporated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in a consolidation

of three smaller companies that made punch-card tabulators and other office products. The
company assumed its present name in 1924 under the leadership of Thomas Watson, a man of
considerable marketing skill who became general manager in 1914 and had gained complete
control of the firm by 1924. Watson built the then-floundering company into the leading
American manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems used by governments and private
businesses. He also developed a highly disciplined and competitive sales force that adapted the
company’s custom-built tabulating systems to the needs of particular customers.
In 1933 IBM purchased Electromatic Typewriters, Inc., and thereby entered the field of electric
typewriters, in which it eventually became an industry leader. During World War II, IBM helped
construct several high-speed electromechanical calculators that were the precursors of
electronic computers. But the firm refrained from producing these electronic data-processing
systems until Watson’s son, Thomas Watson, Jr., became president of the company in 1952 and
sponsored an all-out push into that field. Having entered the computer field, IBM’s size allowed
it to invest heavily in development. This investment capability, added to its dominance in office-
calculating machines, its marketing expertise, and its commitment to repair and service its own
equipment, allowed IBM to quickly assume the predominant position in the American computer
market. By the 1960s it was producing 70 percent of the world’s computers and 80 percent of
those used in the United States.
Products
IBM’s specialty was mainframe computers—i.e., expensive medium- to large-scale computers
that could process numerical data at great speeds. The company did not enter the growing
market for personal computers until 1981, when it introduced the IBM Personal Computer. This
product achieved a major share of the market, but IBM was nevertheless unable to exercise its
accustomed dominance as a maker of personal computers. New semiconductor-chip–based
technologies were making computers smaller and easier to manufacture, allowing smaller
companies to enter the field and exploit new developments such as workstations, computer
networks, and computer graphics. IBM’s enormous size hindered it from responding rapidly to
these accelerating rates of technological change, and by the 1990s the company had downsized
considerably. In 1995 IBM purchased Lotus Development Corporation, a major software
manufacturer.
In 2002 IBM sold its magnetic hard drive business for $2.05 billion to the Japanese electronics
firm of Hitachi, Ltd. Under the terms of the sale, IBM agreed to continue producing hard drives
with Hitachi for three years in a joint venture known as Hitachi Global Storage Technologies. In
2005 Hitachi took full control of the joint venture and IBM stopped building a device that it had
invented in 1956. In December 2005 IBM sold its personal computer division to the Lenovo
Group, a major Chinese manufacturer. In addition to cash, securities, and debt restructuring,
IBM acquired an 18.9 percent stake in Lenovo, which acquired the right to market its personal
computers under the IBM label through 2010. With these divestitures, IBM shifted away
from manufacturing so-called commodity products in order to concentrate on its computer
services, software, supercomputer, and scientific research divisions.
Since 2000, IBM has placed one of its supercomputers consistently at or near the top of the
industry’s list of most powerful machines as measured by standardized computation tests. In
addition to producing supercomputers for governments and large corporations, IBM’s
supercomputer division, in cooperation with the Toshiba Corporation and the Sony
Corporation of Japan, designed the Cell Broadband Engine. Developed over a four-year period
beginning in 2001, this advanced computer chip has multiple applications, from supercomputers
to Toshiba high-definition televisions to the Sony Playstation 3 electronic game system. IBM also
designed the computer chips for the Microsoft Corporation Xbox 360 and the Nintendo
Company Wii game systems. IBM became the first company to generate more than 3,000
patents in one year (2001) and, later, more than 4,000 patents in one year (2008). The company
now holds more than 40,000 active patents, which generate considerable income from royalties.

Early history

PayPal was originally established by Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, and Luke Nosek in December 1998
as Confinity. a company that developed security software for handheld devices
In March 2000, Confinity merged with X.com, an online banking company founded by Elon
Musk. Musk was optimistic about the future success of the money transfer business Confinity
was developing. Musk and Bill Harris, then-president and CEO of X.com, disagreed about the
potential future success of the money transfer business and Harris left the company in May
2000. In October of that year, Musk decided that X.com would terminate its other internet
banking operations and focus on PayPal. That same month, Elon Musk was replaced by Peter
Thiel as CEO of X.com, which was renamed PayPal in 2001 and went public in 2002.
Paypal's IPO listed under the ticker PYPL at $13 per share and generated over $61 million.
eBay subsidiary (2002–2014)

Shortly after PayPal's IPO, the company was acquired by eBay on October 3, 2002, for $1.5
billion. More than 70 percent of all eBay auctions accepted PayPal payments, and roughly 1 in 4
closed auction listings were transacted via PayPal. PayPal became the default payment method
used by the majority of eBay users, and the service competed with eBay's subsidiary Billpoint, as
well as Citibank's c2it, Yahoo!'s PayDirect, and Google Checkout.
In 2005, PayPal acquired the VeriSign payment solution to provide added security support.[28] In
2007, PayPal announced a partnership with MasterCard, which led to the development and
launch of the PayPal Secure Card service, a software that allows customers to make payments on
websites that do not accept PayPal directly.By the end of 2007, the company generated $1.8
billion in revenue.
In January 2008, PayPal acquired Fraud Sciences, a privately held Israeli start-up that developed
online risk tools, for $169 million. In November 2008, the company acquired Bill Me Later, an
online transactional credit company.
By 2010, PayPal had over 100 million active user accounts in 190 markets through 25 different
currencies. In July 2011, fourteen alleged members of the Anonymous hacktivist group were
charged with attempting to disrupt PayPal's operations. The denial of service attacks occurred in
December 2010, after PayPal stopped processing donations to WikiLeaks. On December 5, 2013,
13 of the PayPal 14 pleaded guilty to misdemeanor and felony charges related to the attacks
The company continued to build its Merchant Services division, providing e-payments for
retailers on eBay. In 2011, PayPal announced that it would begin moving its business offline so
that customers can make payments via PayPal in stores. In August 2012, the company
announced its partnership with Discover Card to allow PayPal payments to be made at any of the
7 million stores in Discover Card's network. By the end of 2012, PayPal's total payment volume
processed was US$145,000,000,000. and accounted for 40% of eBay's revenue, amounting
to US$1,370,000,000 in the 3rd quarter of 2012.
In 2013, PayPal acquired IronPearl, a Palo Alto startup offering engagement
software, and Braintree, a Chicago-based payment gateway, to further product development
and mobile services. In June 2014 David Marcus announced he was leaving his role as PayPal
President; Marcus joined PayPal in August 2011 after its acquisition of Zong, of which he was the
founder and CEO. David Marcus succeeded Scott Thompson as president, who left the role to
join Yahoo. PayPal announced that Marcus would be succeeded by Dan Schulman, who
previously served as CEO of Virgin Mobile and Executive vice president of American Express.
Refferrences
https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/eBusiness.html

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/business

https://www.ishopping.pk/about-us.html

https://www.symbios.pk/about-us

https://www.adamjeelife.com/

https://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/g-i/international-business-machines-corporation-ibm/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-technology/the-different-waves-of-ecommerce-
evolution-information-technology-essay.php

https://www.ecommerce-land.com/history_ecommerce.html

https://www.oberlo.com/blog/20-ecommerce-advantages-and-disadvantages

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/commerce.html

https://www.shopify.com/encyclopedia/what-is-ecommerce