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Control Structures in Java

Control structures in Java allow programmers to control the flow and order of program execution. There are decision control structures like if/else that allow selecting code blocks based on conditions, repetition control structures like while and for that repeat code execution, and branching statements like break and continue that change the flow of loops. Common control structures are if/else for conditional execution, while/for loops for repetitive execution, and switch for selecting blocks based on multiple conditions.

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Nina Canares
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489 views

Control Structures in Java

Control structures in Java allow programmers to control the flow and order of program execution. There are decision control structures like if/else that allow selecting code blocks based on conditions, repetition control structures like while and for that repeat code execution, and branching statements like break and continue that change the flow of loops. Common control structures are if/else for conditional execution, while/for loops for repetitive execution, and switch for selecting blocks based on multiple conditions.

Uploaded by

Nina Canares
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Structures in Java

- allow us to change the ordering of how the statements in our programs are executed
● Decision Control Structures - which allow selection of specific sections of code to be executed
- if
- if-else
- if - else if
- switch
● Repetition Control Structures – which allow executing specific sections of code a number of
times
- while
- do-while
- for
● Branching Statements – which allow redirection of program flow
- break
- continue
- return
Syntax and Examples

 if-statement has the form:


if ( boolean_expression ) statement; or
if ( boolean_expression )
{statement 1;statement 2;}

-where: boolean _expression is either a boolean expression or boolean variable


Ex:
int grade = 68;if ( grade > 60 )
System.out.println ("Congratulations! ") ;

 if-else statement has the form:


if ( boolean_expression )
{statement 1;statement 2;. . .}
else
{statement 3;statement 4;. . .}
Ex:
int grade = 68; if ( grade > 60 )
System.out.println ("Congratulations! ");
Else System.out.println ("Sorry you failed") ;

 if-else-if statement has the form:


if ( boolean_expression1 )statement 1;
else if ( boolean_expression2 )statement 2;
else statement 3;
Ex:
int grade = 68;if ( grade > 90 )
{System. out. println ("Very good! ") ;}
else if ( grade > 60 )
{System. out. println ("Very good! ") ;}
else
{System. out. println ("Sorry you failed") ;}
 switch statement has the form:
switch( switch_expression )
{case case_selector1:
statement1;//
statement2;//block 1
break;
case case_selector2:
statement1;//
statement2;//block2
break;
:
default:
statement1;//statement2;//block n}

-where: switch _expression - is an integer or character expression


case_selector1, case_selector2 and so on - are unique integer or character constants.
Ex:
public class Grade  {    publicstatic void main( String[] args )
    {       int grade = 92;5 
switch(grade)
{ case 100: System.out.println( "Excellent!" ); break;
        case 90: System.out.println("Good job!" );break;
case 80: System.out.println("Study harder!");
break;
default: System.out.println("Sorry, you failed.");        }     }}

 while loop has the form:


while ( boolean_expression )
{statement 1;statement 2;. . .}
Ex:
Int x = 0;while (x<10)
{System. out. println (x) ;x++;}

 do-while loop has the form:


do {statement 1;statement 2;. . .}
while ( boolean_expression ) ;
Ex:
int x = 0;
do  {System. out. println (x) ;x++;}
while (x<10) ;

 for loop has the form:


for(InitializationExpression;LoopCondition;StepExpression)
{statement1;statement2;. . .}
-where: InitializationExpression -initializes the loop variable
LoopCondition - compares the loop variable to some limit value
StepExpression  - updates the loop variable.
Ex:
int i;
for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
{System. out. println (i) ;}

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