SENTENCE PATTERN

Example: He bought new shoes for the weeding

He is the agent (doer of the action)

New shoes receive the action (direct object)
For the weeding the reason for what the action of the verb is performed
(indirect object) it is also a prepositional phrase.

Exercise. Identify the subject, verb, compliment (diret object),

prepositional phrase in each of the following sentences.

Agent Verb Direct object Indirect object

1. Our neighbor's dog barked all afternoon.

2. Our walking group meets at seven o'clock in the morning.
3. The band played all evening.
4. June speaks at almost every staff meeting.
5. Mrs. Perez bought a new rug for her dining room.
6. Some cough medicines contain alcohol.
7. Bill carried his tools in a five- gallon plastic bucket.
8. Linda often buys snacks at the university store.

COUNT AND NON- COUNT NOUNS

Exercise. Underline the correct determiner

1. There are (less / fewer) chairs in this room than in the other room.
2. The assistant didn't give (much / many) information.
3. After the negotiations, they made (little / few) changes in their
proposal.
4. (A large amount of/A great number of) mosquitoes appeared after the
rain.
5. Light beer has (less / fewer) calories than regular beer.
6. They have (a /- ) good food in that restaurant.
7. (The amount of/ The number of) students taking TOEFL is increasing.
8. The case had to be reconsidered with (these / this) new evidence.
9. I like (fewer / less) mashed potatoes.
10. She ate (fewer / less) French-fries than usual.
11. He wants to make as (much / many) money as possible.
12. Anne invited a huge (amount / number) of people to the party.

5. ARTICLES

Exercise. Fill in the blanks with a or an.

1. _A_ one-eyed monster 5. An only child

2. _A_ university graduate 6. A house cell
3. _A_ used car 7. An eager student
4. _A_ hurricane 8. A usual mistake

Exercise. Choose the article that correctly completes each sentence

below.

1. Beyond the ranch is (a, an) desert that gets only six or seven inches of
rain each
year.
2. If you're stumped for (a, an) answer in today's crossword puzzle, call 1-
800-500-CLUE.
3. A head-on collision between two cars is much less likely to occur than
(a, an)off-center collision.
4. Colonel Lurie wore a blue striped shirt and (a, an) yellow polkadotted
tie.

Exercise. Choose the correct form in the parentheses.

1. (Apples / The apples) are good for you.

2. Look at (apples / the apples) on that tree! They're very large.
3. (Women / The women) are often better teachers than (men / the men).
4. In Britain (coffee / the coffee) is more expensive than (tea / the tea).
5. We had a very nice meal in that restaurant. (Cheese / The cheese) was
especially good.
6. (Most people / The most people) still believe that (marriage / the
marriage) and (family life / the family life) are the basis of our society.
7. They got married but (marriage / the marriage) wasn't successful.
8. I know someone who wrote a book about (life / the life) of Gandhi.
9. (Life / The life) would be very difficult without (electricity / the
electricity).
10. (Skiing / The skiing) is my favourite sport but I also like (swimming /
the swimming).

DISTINCTION BETWEEN OTHER/ANOTHER/OTHERS

1. Lightning is a rush of electrical current from a cloud or from one cloud

to (another /other).
2. A ballet dancer's techniques and skills are very different from those of
(another /others).
3. No (another / other) state produces as much corn as does Iowa.
4. The legal surrender of a criminal suspect from one state or country to
(another /other) is called extradition.
5. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is one type of disease that is carried by
ticks, and Colorado tick fever is (another / other).
6. The art of photography has often been influenced by — and has
influenced —(another / other) fine arts.
7. William O. Douglas was a Supreme Court justice for 36 years, longer
than any(another / other) justice in the history of the Court.
8. In physics, diffusion is the spread of one substance's molecules or atoms
through those of (another / other).
9. A basketball player may advance the ball by dribbling it or by passing it
to (another / other) player.
10. Limpkins are water birds that eat snails and (another / other) mollusks.

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

Exercise. Choose the word that correctly completes each sentence

below.
1. Everyone (complains, complain) when gas prices go up.
2. Most of Benito's shirts (has, have) at least one pocket.
3. Somebody (is, are) addressing all the wedding invitations with a
fountain pen.
4. Everyone in the Hundley family (buys, buy) a new toothbrush twice a
year.
5. Few of my friends (dislikes, dislike) both crunchy peanut butter and the
smooth variety.
6. Nobody (remembers, remember) that the space between the thumb
and the first finger is called the purlicue.
7. Some of the children (stops, stop) at the ice cream shop every day.
 8. Nothing (ends, end) the baby's crying except being rocked in the rocking
chair.
9. All of the workers who enter by the main gate (passes, pass) through a
metal detector.
10. Each of the messages on the answering machine (is, are) for Dody.

PRONOUNS

Subject pronouns Object pronouns Adjective pronouns Absolute possessives

I Me My Mine
You You Your Yours
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its Its
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
They Them Their Theirs

Exercise. Choose the correct pronoun.

1. Mary is heavier than (me /I).

2. It must be (her / she).
3. John and (I / me) went to the movies.
4. Is it true that (he / him) is here?
5. Who is at the door? — It is (I / me).
6. She isn't so fast as (he / him).
7. (He / Him) and his father are both very tall.
8. It was (they / them) who told us.
9. Just between you and (I / me) Marcy's hair is fright.
10. She went with Babs and (I / me) to a new hairdresser.
11. Babs and (I / me) looked totally fabulous with our new hairdos.
12. Who would have guessed that (his / him) teasing my hair would make
such a difference?
13. The hairdresser liked my hair more than (I, me).

APPOSITIVES
Underline the appositives in the following sentences. Use commas when
necessary.

1. My son, the policeman, will be visiting us next week.

2. The captain ordered the ship's carpenters to assemble the shallop, a
large rowboat.
3. Walter, the playboy and writer, is very attached to his mother, Mrs.
Hammon.
4. Paul Newman, the famous American actor, directed five motion
pictures.
5. Elizabeth Teague, a sweet and lovable girl, grew up to be a mentally
troubled woman.
6. Sweetbriar, a company known throughout the South, is considering a
nationwide advertising campaign.
7. As an above-average student and talented musician, John made his
family proud.
8. The extremely popular American film, Titanic was widely criticized for
its mediocre script.
9. Citizen Kane, the greatest American film ever made, won only one
Academy Award.
10. 60 Minutes, the TV news magazine program, featured a story on the
popular singer Whitney Houston.

GERUNDS OR INFINITIVES

Exercise. Use a correct form of the given verb in each sentence (infinitive
with or without to or the -ing form).

1. They want to arrange all the details carefully.

2. You can't expect your boss to wait for you all day.
3. They really enjoy having nothing to do.
4. He hasn't finished writing) his essay yet.
5. She complained about being the only person without the books.
6. They forced the hostage to lie on the floor.
7. Then they made them close their eyes.
8. Is it difficult to make an omelette?
9. When did you last go skating?
10. Is it difficult to work on that project?
11. When did you last go swiming?
12. Do you mind __________ () such a long way to work every day?
13. I’d rather stay
14. He loves going out on holidays but he hates going back to classes.
15. She let him explain what has happened.
16. She had gone camping several times!
17. She got him do her homework!
18. She had the barber to cut her hair.
19. He doesn't let anyone drink in his car.
20. He doesn't stop eating, He’s been eating in the past three hours!
21. Eating junk food, drinking soft drinks and smoking are all bad for your
health.
22. Shopping helps me to clear up my mind.

TAG QUESTIONS

Exercise. Finish these sentences by adding a tag questions with the

correct form of the verb and the subject pronoun.

1. Tom won't be late, will he? 10. There are a lot of people here, aren’t
2. They were very angry, weren’t there?
they? 11. Let's have dinner, shall we?
3. Ann is on holiday, isn’t she? 12. This isn't very interesting, is this?
4. You weren't listening, were you? 13. I'm too fat, aren’t I?
6. Sue doesn't like onions, does she? 14. You wouldn’t tell anyone, would
6. Jack's applied for the job, didn’t you?
he? 15. Listen, isn’t it?
7. You've got a camera, haven’t you? 16. I shouldn't have got angry, should I?
8. You can type can’t you? 17. Don't drop it, do you?
9. He won't mind if I go early, will 18. They had to go home, hadn’t they?
he?

16. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Exercise. Complete the sentences with the verb in the parentheses.

1. If I have enough apples, I will bake an apple pie this afternoon.

2. If I had enough apples, I would bake an apple pie this afternoon.
3. I will fix your bicycle if I have a screwdriver of the proper size.
4. I would fix your bicycle if I had a screwdriver of the proper size.
5. I will make a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in
my garden are ripe.
6. I would make a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in
my garden were ripe.
7. Jack would shave today if he had a sharp razor.
8. Jack will shave today if he have a sharp razor.
9. Sally always answers the phone if she is in her office.
10. Sally would answer the phone if she were in her office right now.

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Exercise. Choose the correct word in the parentheses.

1. George is a (careless / carelessly) writer. He writes (careless /

carelessly).
2. Frank asked me an (easy / easily) question. I answered it (easy / easily).
3. Sally speaks (soft / softly). She has a (soft / softly) voice.
4. I entered the classroom (quiet / quietly) because I was late.
5. Ali speaks English very (good / well). He has very (good / well)
pronunciation.
6. This math problem looks (easy / easily). I'm sure I can do it (easy /
easily).
7. That chair looks (comfortable / comfortably).
8. I looked at the problem (careful / carefully) and then solved it.
9. I felt (sad / sadly) when I heard the news.
10. Susan smiled (cheerful / cheerfully). She seemed (cheerful /
cheerfully).
11. I tasted the soup (careful / carefully) because it was hot. The soup
tasted (good /well).
12. The room got (quiet / quietly) when the professor entered. The
students sat (quiet/ quietly) at their desks.
13. The sky grew (dark / darkly) as the storm approached.

PASSIVE VOICE

Exercise. Change the active to the passive by supplying the correct form
of be.
1. Tom opens the door. — The door was opened by Tom.
2. Tom is opening the door. — The door is being opened by Tom.
3. Tom has opened the door. — The door has been opened by Tom.
4. Tom opened the door. — The door was opened by Tom.
5. Tom was opening the door. — The door was being opened by Tom.
6. Tom had opened the door. — The door had been opened by Tom.
7. Tom will open the door. — The door will be opened by Tom.
8. Tom is going to open the door.— The door is going to be opened by
Tom.
9. Tom will have opened the door. — The door will be opened by Tom.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise. Complete the sentences using who / whom / whose / where /

which.

1. What's the name of the man whose car you borrowed?

2. A cemetery is a place where people are buried.
3. A pacifist is a person who believes that all wars are wrong.
4. An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.
5. The place where we spent our holidays was really beautiful.
6. This school is only for children whose first language is not English.
7. I don't know the name of the woman to whom I spoke on the phone.
8. The man who is wearing glasses is a pop singer.
9. The window which was broken by the naughty boy will have to be
repaired.
10. Mrs. Jackson, who we met in the supermarket yesterday, is my music
teacher.
11. Rome is the city where he lived for ten years.
12. That was the day on which I first met Ann.

Connectors:
…as well as
both ... and
either ... or
neither ... nor
not only ... but also
whether ...or
Exercise. Fill in the gaps with necessary words.

1. The weather on Sunday will be both sunny and warmer.

2. My fiance is attractive and intelligent as well as considerate.
3. The objective is not only to identify the problem but also to solve.
4. We can use the bike both to ride to school and to go to the grocery
store.
5. To reach your goal, you must plan and work not only dream.
6. Not only her parents but also her brothers and sisters live in Wisconsin.
7. The party will celebrate both our finishing the term and your getting a
new job.
8. We will keep in touch both writing and calling but also visiting each
other.
9. To complete his physical education credits, John took __ swimming but

PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES

Exercise. Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

1 I don't find this story (amusing/amused).

2.I must have the mixer (fixing/fixed).
3.My room is a mess: I really must get it (tidying/tidied) up.
4.I would stay at home after such a (tiring/tired) day.
5.Uncle Frank has a gentle old horse (naming/named) Pete on his farm.
6. Can you smell something (burning/burned)?
7. He opened the letter with (shaking/shaken) fingers.
8. She had rather a (pleasing/pleased) look on her face.
9. Deeply (shocking/shocked) I left them.
10. When (answering/answered) your question yesterday, I forgot this
fact.
11. He walked along the road with his collar (turning/turned) up, hands in
pockets.
12. I didn't enjoy the party because I was (boring/bored) there.

PARALLEL STRUCTURE

Exercise. Find and correct mistakes in parallel structures in the following

sentences.
 1. Steel is alloyed with manganese to increase its strength, hardness and
resistant to wear.
2. Sacramento is the commercial, industry, and financial center of
California's Central Valley, as well as being the state capital.
3. When taking part in winter sports, one should wear clothing that is
lightweight, warmth, and suitable for the activity.
4. Folklore consists of the beliefs, customs, traditions, and telling stories
that people pass from generation to generation.
5. Because of their hardness, industrial diamonds can be used for cutting,
to grind, and drilling.
6. Scholar John Fiske wrote on history, religious, and sociology.
7. Monterey, California, has long been a center for writers, artists, and the
craftsman.
8. T.S. Eliot was equally distinguished as a poet, he wrote criticism and
dramatist.
9. The book contained stories, poetic and plays.
10. She needed some shoes that were inexpensively, hard-wearing and
attractive.

Troublesome verbs

Base Form Past Form Past participle Form Verb properties

Lie Lay lain Intransitive
I had to lie down because I Lily lay back on the pillows My father had lain in bed for Subject only
was groggy and watched a movie several days
Lay Laid Laid Transitive
She will lay the carpet herself. He laid the pencil on the He laid the pencil on the Object is affected
table. table.
Sit Sat Sat Intransitive
Abdullah sits here He sat there before. Salman has sat there many Subject only
times
Set Set Set Transitive
Please set the glass on the Khalid set the table for She has set the table Object is affected
table. lunch.
Rise Rose Risen Intransitive
We rise at 5 a.m. Everyone rose when the The sun has just risen. Subject only
judge entered the
courtroom.
Raise Raised Raised Transitive
They raise the flag every He raised his bicycle over He has raised the flag many Object is affected
morning. his head. times

Choose the correct word in parentheses.

1. The children (raised / rose) his hand in class.
2. Taxes (raises / rises) every year
3. Karla (set / sat) in an armchair because she was tired.
4. I (set / sat) your book on the table a few minutes ago.
5. Hens (lay / lie) eggs.
6. Al is (laying / lying) on the floor!
7. Jan (laid / lay) the toothbrush on the shelf a few minutes ago.
8. If you are tired, you should (lay / lie) down and take a nap.
9. Monterrey (lays / lies) to the north of Mexico.
10. After studying all night long, the student was able to (rise / raise) his
score in the beautiful CELT
11 .The notebook that you see (laying / lying) on the desk belongs to the
me.
12. Floyd (lay, laid) in bed while his wife washed his new car.
13. When she gets a headache, Sofie (lies, lays) down in bed for several
hours.
14. Ryan (sat, set) his backpack on the bedside table next to his wallet and
keys.
15. Bill (lain, laid) his screwdriver on the bench and began looking for
longer nails.

INVERSION

Exercise. Change each sentence by inverting the verb.

1. We rarely go to movies.
Rarely we go to movies
2. I seldom sleep past seven o'clock.
Seldom do I sleep past seven o’clock.
3. I hardly ever agree with her.
Hardly ever I agree with her.
4. I will never forget the wonderful people I have met here.
Never will I forget the wonderful people I have met here.
5. I have never known Pat to be dishonest.
Never have I known Pat to be…
6. The mail scarcely ever arrives before noon.
Scarce ever the mail arrives before noon.
7. He hardly ever comes to work on time.
Hardly ever he comes to work…
8. Women at no time have had greater opportunities.
9. He was pleased with himself only after he received first prize.
Only after he received first prize he…
10.The traffic had never been so bad.
Had never been so bad the traffic.
11. She not only came but stayed for two hours.
Not only doesn’t she came but…
12. You can buy tickets only before the opening of the show.
Only before the opening of the show you…
13. He did not say a single word during dinner.
Not say a single word he said…
14. They go to the theatre only on rare occasions.
Only on rare occasions they go to the theatre.

Reported speech

Complete the following sentences by using the verb and preposition

between brackets

1)"You shouldn't do that " said the guard. (advise against)

The guard advise against doing that.

2) "I'll go out on holidays" said Laura. (decide, using infinitive)

Laura decided to go out to see a doctor.

3) "I think you should go to see a doctor" He said to his sister. (advise,
using infinitive)

He advised her to go to see a doctor.

4) "Watch out for the big truck" he said. (warn, using 'about')

He warned us about the big truck.

5) "You should apply for the vacancy" said Paul to Angy. (encourage)

He encouraged her to apply for the vacancy.

6) "You can hang out with your friends" said Bryan’s mum. (agree, using
clause)

Bryan’s mom agreed that he can hang out with his friends.
7) "The class will be called off next week" said the teacher to Carlos.
(explain + clause)

The teacher explained that the class of the next week will be called off.

8) "It's a great idea to stay in" said Dennise. (recommend + verb-ing)

Dennise recommend staying in.

9) "Don't play in that place" she said to the children. (warn, using
infinitive)

She warned them not to play in that place.

10) "I'll make the dinner!" said Sofie. (insist + on)

Sofie insisted on making the dinner.

11) "I'll study really hard for the “bar" said the lawyer. (promise + to +
infinitive)

The lawyer promised to study really hard for the “bar”

12) "This is where my house was" said Jose. (explain, using question word
+ clause)

Jose explained where his house was.

13) "Ok, let's have our special dinner there tomorrow night!" we said.
(agree + infinitive)

We agreed to have our special dinner there tomorrow.

14) "Don't forget that Bryan needs to go to the meeting" she said to me.
(remind, using clause)

She reminded me that Bryan needs to go to the meeting.

15) "How about having Italian pasta?" I said. (suggest, using verb-ing)

I suggest having Italian pasta.

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Test 1. Choose the correct answer.

1. Arizona __ a very dry climate.

(A) has (В) being (С) having (D) with

2. One of the least effective ways of storing information is learning __ it.

(A) how repeat (B) repeating (C) to repeat (D) repeat

3. Strauss finished __ two of his published compositions before his tenth

birthday.
(A) written (B) write (C) to write (D) writing

4. Many modern architects insist on __ materials native to the region that

will blend into the surrounding landscape.
(A) use (B) to use (C) the use (D) using

5. Before the Angles and the Saxons __ to England, the Iberians had lived
there.
(A) coming (B) come (C) came (D) did come
6. If water is heated to 212 degrees F. __ as steam.
(A) it will boil and escape (B) it is boiling and escaping
(C) it boil and escape (D) it would boil and escape

7. According to some historians, if Napoleon had not invaded Russia, he __

the rest of Europe.
(A) had conquered (B) would conquer
(C) would have conquered (D) conquered

8. Football teams don't play in the Super Bowl championship __ either the
National or the American Conference.
(A) unless they win (B) but they win
(C) unless they will win (D) But to have won

9. Less moderate members of Congress are insisting that changes in the

social security system __ made.
(A) will (B) are (C) being (D) be
10. It is necessary__ the approaches to a bridge, the road design, and the
alignment in such a way as to best accommodate the expected traffic flow
over and under it.
(A) plan (B) to plan (C) planning (D) The plan

11. In the stringed instruments, the tones __ by playing a bow across a set
of strings that may be made of wire or gut.
(A) they produce (B) producing (C) are produced (D) that are producing

12. __ Giant Ape Man, our biggest and probably one of our first human
ancestors, was about the size of a male gorilla.
(A) It is believed that (B) That it is
(С) That is believed (D) That believing

13. By the twenty-first century, the computer __ a necessity in every

home.
(A) became (B) becoming (C) has become (D) will have become

14.The giraffe survives in part because it __ the vegetation in the high

branches of trees where other animals have not grazed.
(A) to reach (B) can reach (C) reaching (D) reach
15. Hydrogen peroxide __ as a bleaching agent because it effectively
whitens a variety of fibers and surfaces.
(A) used (B) is used (C) is using (D) that is uses

16. Since the earth's crust is much thicker under the continents,
equipment would have to be capable of drilling through 100 000 feet of
rock to investigate the mantle __.
(A) beneath them (B) beneath their (C) beneath its (D) beneath they

17. Charlie Chaplin was a comedian __ was best known for his work in
silent movies.
(A) who (B) which (C) whose (D) What

18. A desert receives less than twenty-five __ of rainfall every year.

(A) centimeter (B) a centimeter (C) centimeters (D) of centimeters

19. __ at 212 degrees F. and freezes at 32 degrees F.

(A) waters boils (B) The water boils (C) Water boils (D) Waters boil
20.It is generally believed that an M. (B) A. Degree is good preparation for
a career in__.
(A) a business (B) business (C) businesses (D) one business

21. Fire-resistant materials are used to retard __ of modem aircraft in case

of accidents.
(A) a damage to the passenger cabin (B) that damages to the passenger
cabin
(C) damage to the passenger cabin (D) passenger cabin's damages

22. Hybrids have one more __ per plant than the other varieties.
(A) corns (B) ear of corn (C) corn ears (D) corn's ears

23. __ trees is a custom that many people engage in to celebrate Arbor

day.
(A) The plant (B) Plant (C) Planting (D) To planting

24. __ migrate long distances is well documented.

(A) That it is birds (B) That birds (C) Birds that (D) it is that birds

25. At Woolworth's first five-and-ten-cent store, __ more than a dime.

(A) neither items cost (B) items not cost
(C) items non costing (D) no item cost

26. __ fuel that is used today is a chemical form of solar energy.

(A) Most of (B) The most (C) Most (D) Almost the

27. __ is cheaper for students who maintain aB average because they are
a better risk than average or below-average students.
(A) Automobile's insurance (B) Insurance of automobiles
(C) Automobile insurance (D) Insurance automobile

28. The Canterbury Tales, written about 1386, is as alive and __ today as it
was nearly 600 years ago.
(A) appealed (B) appeal (C) appealing (D) the appeal of

29. 0il paints are __ they have become the most popular painter's colors.
(A) so versatile and durable that (B) so versatile and durable than
(C) such versatile and durable as (D) such versatile and durable
30. Although we often use "speed" and "velocity" interchangeably, in a
technical sense, "speed" is not always __ "velocity".
(A) alike (B) the same as (C) similar (D) as

Test 2. Choose the correct answer.

1. Although they are smaller, chipmunks are __ most other ground

squirrels.
(A) like to (B) like as (C) like (D) alike

2. After the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, the United States had __ it
had previously owned.
(A) twice more land than (B) two times more lad as
(C) twice as much land as (D) two times much land than

3. In the Great Smoky Mountains, one can see __ 150 different kinds of
trees.
(A) more than (B) as much as (C) up as (D) as many to

4. It has been estimated that __ one hundred thousand men participated

in the gold rush of 1898.
(A) approximate (B) until (C) as many as (D) more

5. __ apples are grown in Washington State.

(A) Best (B) The most good (C) The best (D) The better

6. It is generally true that the lower the stock market falls, __.
(A) higher the price of gold rises (B) the price of gold rises high
(C) the higher the price of gold rises (D) rises high the price of gold

7. __ in the cultivation of a forest, trees need more careful planning than

any other crop does.
(A) Because the time and area involved
(B) For the time and area involving
(C) Because of the time and area involved
(D) As a cause of the time and area involved
8. Amniocentesis can be used not only to diagnose fetal disorders __ the
sex of the unborn child with 95 percent accuracy.
(A) but determining (B) but also determining
(C) but to determine (D) but also to determine

9. Bacterial spores germinate and sprout __ favorable conditions of

temperature and food supply.
(A) when encountering of (B) when they encounter
(C) when they will encounter (D) when the encounter of

10. Recently, there have been several outbreaks of disease like

legionnaire's syndrome, and doctors don't know __ .
(A) what is the cause (B) the cause is what
(C) is what the cause (D) what the cause is

11. Not until the Triassic Period __ .

(A) the first primitive mammals did develop
(B) did the first primitive mammals develop
(C) did develop the first primitive mammals
(D) the first primitive mammals develop

12. Penguins, the post highly specialized of all aquatic birds, may live __
twenty years.
(A) before (B) since (C) for (D) from

13. _ the Gulf Stream is warmer than the ocean water surrounding it.
(A) Wholly (B) Whole (C) As a whole (D) A whole as

14.Of all the cities in Texas, __ .

(A) that san Antonio is probably the most picturesque
(B) San Antonio is probably the most picturesque
(C) probably San Antonio the most picturesque
(D) the most picturesque probably that San Antonio

15. Most beekeepers have observed __ at the approach of a

thunderstorm.
(A) enraging the bees (B) that bees become enrages
(C) that bees enraging (D) become enraged the bees
16.The first transistor was basically a small chip made of germanium onto
one surface of which two pointed wire contacts __ side by side.
(A) are made (B) made (C) were made (D) making

17. Iron __ for weapons and tools in the Bronze Age following the Stone
Age.
(A) is generally used (B) generally used
(C) was generally used (D) used generally

18. Groups of tissues, each with its own function, __ in the human body.
(A) it makes up the organs (B) make up the organs
(C) they make up the organs (D) makes up the organs

19. Cupid, one of the ancient Roman gods, __ .

(A) were a little winged child
(B) representing as a little winged child
(C) was represented as a little winged child
(D) a little winged child
20. In a suspension bridge __ that carry one or more flexible cables firmly
attached at each end.
(A) there are two towers on it (B) there are two towers
(C) two towers there are (D) towers there are two

21. A college bookstore that sells used textbooks stocks __ along with the
new ones on the shelf under the course title.
(A) its (B) their (C) a (D) them

22. The television programs we allow __ to watch influence their learning.

(A) a children (B) our children (C) our child (D) their childs

23. In a hot, sunny climate man acclimatizes by eating less, drinking more
liquids, wearing lighter clothing, and __ .
(A) skin changes that darken (B) his skin may darken
(C) experiencing a darkening of the skin (D) darkens his skin

23. Both historically and __, Ontario is the heartland of Canada.

(A) in its geography (B) geographically (C) also its geography (D) geography

25. Waitresses and waiters who serve __ deserve at least a 20 percent tip.
(A) in a courteous manner (B) courteously
(C) with courtesy in their manner (D) courteous

26. The average elevation of the Himalayas is twenty thousand feet, and
Mount Everest __ to more than twenty-nine thousand feet at its apex.
(A) raises (B) rises (C) roses (D) arises

27. When Jacqueline Kennedy was first lady, she collected many beautiful
antiques and __ them among the original pieces in the White House.
(A) sat (B) set (C) sit (D) sits

28. The president usually __ unless his press secretary approves it.
(A) doesn't do a statement (B) doesn't make a statement
(C) doesn't statement (D) no statement

29. __ discovery of insulin, it was not possible to treat diabetes.

(A) Prior to the (B) Prior (C) The prior (D) To prior
30. Unless protected areas are established, the Bengal tiger, the blue
whale, and the California condor face __ of extinction.
(A) possible (B) the possibility (C) to be possible (D) possibly