To Seismology Exercise 1: X X y y
To Seismology Exercise 1: X X y y
To Seismology Exercise 1: X X y y
λ
2) Express the vp/vs ratio as a function of Poisson’s ratio defined as: σ= .
2(λ + μ )
Calculate the vp/vs ratio for σ=0.3.
a) at 5km depth the seismic velocities are vp=6km/s, vs=3.5km/s and the density is
2700kg/m3. Calculate the values of the Lamé parameters in Pascal.
b) After the Landers earthquake 1992 (M7.3) the following deformations were
measured 80km to the north of the observatory: e11=-0.26x10-6, e12=-0.69x10-6,
e22=0.92x10-6. Indices 1 and 2 correspond to East and North, resp. Calculate –
assuming that these values are also true at depth – the changes in stress at 5km
depth with the results from (a). Treat this is a 2D problem and neglect stress in
vertical direction.
c) Calculate the dominant stress directions (horizontal as azimuth over North).
d) The yearly deformation rates were measured as: e11=0.101x10-6, e12=0.005x10-6,
e22=-0.02x10-6. Assume that this deformation continues for 1000 years. Calculate
the stress change at 5km depth (without hydrostatic stress).
e) A farmer owns 1km2 near the observatory. How much land does he win or loose
every year? How much land did he win or loose with the Landers earthquake?