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    Module 5 - Principles of Gating and Risering

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    Goutham Reddy
    This document discusses the principles of gating and risering systems in casting. It defines the components of a gating system, including the pouring basin, sprue, runner, gates, and riser. It explains the functions of the gating system to fill the mold cavity completely before freezing, minimize turbulence, avoid erosion, and establish directional solidification. It also discusses the different types of gates and risers, and factors to consider in the design of the gating system such as avoiding sudden changes in flow direction and controlling temperature, flow rate, and component sizes.

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    Module 5 - Principles of Gating and Risering

    Uploaded by

    Goutham Reddy
    1K views14 pages
    This document discusses the principles of gating and risering systems in casting. It defines the components of a gating system, including the pouring basin, sprue, runner, gates, and riser. It explains the functions of the gating system to fill the mold cavity completely before freezing, minimize turbulence, avoid erosion, and establish directional solidification. It also discusses the different types of gates and risers, and factors to consider in the design of the gating system such as avoiding sudden changes in flow direction and controlling temperature, flow rate, and component sizes.

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    This document discusses the principles of gating and risering systems in casting. It defines the components of a gating system, including the pouring basin, sprue, runner, gates, and riser. It explains the functions of the gating system to fill the mold cavity completely before freezing, minimize turbulence, avoid erosion, and establish directional solidification. It also discusses the different types of gates and risers, and factors to consider in the design of the gating system such as avoiding sudden changes in flow direction and controlling temperature, flow rate, and component sizes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views14 pages

    Module 5 - Principles of Gating and Risering

    Uploaded by

    Goutham Reddy
    This document discusses the principles of gating and risering systems in casting. It defines the components of a gating system, including the pouring basin, sprue, runner, gates, and riser. It explains the functions of the gating system to fill the mold cavity completely before freezing, minimize turbulence, avoid erosion, and establish directional solidification. It also discusses the different types of gates and risers, and factors to consider in the design of the gating system such as avoiding sudden changes in flow direction and controlling temperature, flow rate, and component sizes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Module 5 - Principles of Gating and Risering

    • Purpose of the gating system.

    • Components of the gating System and its functions.

    • Design of the gating system.

    • Different types of gates. Gating ratio and its functions.

    • Definition and functions of the riser. Types of risers and


    their application.

    • Design of the riser - its shape. Size and location.

    • Use of insulating material and exothermic compounds in


    risers.
    GATING SYSTEM
    • The term gating system refers to group of elements
    through which the molten metal passes while entering
    the mould cavity.

    • The gating system is composed of (components of gating


    system)
     Pouring basin
     Sprue
     Runner
     Gates
     Risers
    Typical Gating and Risering System
    Functions of Gating System

     To fill the mould cavity completely before freezing


     To minimise turbulence
     To avoid erosion
     To remove inclusions
     To regulate flow of molten metal
     To consume least metal – less scrap (Casting yield)
     To establish directional solidification
    Any gating system designed should aim at providing a defect
    free casting. This can be achieved by considering following
    requirements.

     A gating system should avoid sudden (or) right angle changes


    in direction.

     A gating system should fill the mould cavity before freezing.

     The metal should flow smoothly into the mould without any
    turbulence. A turbulence metal flow tends to form dross in the
    mould.
     Unwanted materials such as slag, dross and other mould materials

    should not be allowed to enter the mould cavity.

     The metal entry into the mould cavity should be properly controlled

    in such a way that aspiration of the atmospheric air is

    prevented. (Aspiration is sucking of the air because of a low pressure

    zone created inside the mold)

     A proper thermal gradient should be maintained so that the casting

    is cooled without any shrinkage cavities or distortions.


    Metal flow should be maintained in such a way that no gating

    or mould erosion takes place.

    The gating system should ensure that enough molten metal

    reaches the mould cavity.

    It should be economical and easy to implement and remove

    after casting solidification.


    For proper functioning of the gating system, the following factors
    need to be controlled.

     Type of pouring equipment, such as ladles, pouring basin etc.

     Temperature/ Fluidity of molten metal.

     Rate of liquid metal pouring.

     Type and size of sprue.

     Type and size of runner.

     Size, number and location of gates connecting runner and casting.

     Position of mould during pouring and solidification.


    Elements of Gating System

    Pouring cup
    Sprue
    Sprue well
    Runner
    Runner extension
    Ingates (Gates)
    Riser
    POURING BASINS
    • A pouring basin makes it easier for the ladle or crucible

    operator to direct the flow of metal from crucible to sprue.

    • Helps maintaining the required rate of liquid metal flow.

    • Reduces turbulence at the sprue entrance.

    • Helps separating dross, slag etc., from metal before it enters the

    sprue.
    If the pouring basins are made large,
    Dross and slag formation will tend to float on the surface of the
    metal and may be stopped from entering the sprue and hence the
    mould.

    They may be filled quickly without overflowing and may act as a


    reservoir of liquid metal to compensate metal shrinkage or contraction.

    Shapes of Pouring Basin


    Pouring Cup
    dimensions

    Anti-swirl bar: To minimise


    turbulence through vertex
    formation and minimise
    erosion

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