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    Booti

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    Azkagul 28
    The Indus Valley civilization had an advanced urban culture around 2600-1900 BC, as seen in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Towns were carefully planned on a grid pattern, with central administrative and religious buildings surrounded by homes. Streets and buildings had elaborate water and drainage systems, including flush toilets. Residents obtained water from wells and public baths, and homes had separate bathing areas. The civilization is renowned for its urban planning, sewage infrastructure, and architectural achievements like defensive walls, platforms, and granaries, displaying a sophisticated society.

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    Booti

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    The Indus Valley civilization had an advanced urban culture around 2600-1900 BC, as seen in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Towns were carefully planned on a grid pattern, with central administrative and religious buildings surrounded by homes. Streets and buildings had elaborate water and drainage systems, including flush toilets. Residents obtained water from wells and public baths, and homes had separate bathing areas. The civilization is renowned for its urban planning, sewage infrastructure, and architectural achievements like defensive walls, platforms, and granaries, displaying a sophisticated society.

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    The Indus Valley civilization had an advanced urban culture around 2600-1900 BC, as seen in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Towns were carefully planned on a grid pattern, with central administrative and religious buildings surrounded by homes. Streets and buildings had elaborate water and drainage systems, including flush toilets. Residents obtained water from wells and public baths, and homes had separate bathing areas. The civilization is renowned for its urban planning, sewage infrastructure, and architectural achievements like defensive walls, platforms, and granaries, displaying a sophisticated society.

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    Booti

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    Azkagul 28
    The Indus Valley civilization had an advanced urban culture around 2600-1900 BC, as seen in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Towns were carefully planned on a grid pattern, with central administrative and religious buildings surrounded by homes. Streets and buildings had elaborate water and drainage systems, including flush toilets. Residents obtained water from wells and public baths, and homes had separate bathing areas. The civilization is renowned for its urban planning, sewage infrastructure, and architectural achievements like defensive walls, platforms, and granaries, displaying a sophisticated society.

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    question number 1

    describe in detail the urban culture of indus valley civilization, also explain town planning and other
    structure facilities?

    INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

    indus valley civilization also known as harrapan civilization, is the oldest civilization in asia. it flourished
    around 2600BC and 1900 BC. it is beleived to be originated around 3000 BC. indus valley civilization
    extended from north east afghanistan to pakistan till north west india. the oldest civilization was famous
    for its burnt brick hours, town planning, water facilities, and drainage system. during the peak time, it
    had reached a population of almost five million

    URBAN CIVILIZATION OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

    the annexation of harrapa and mohenjo daro of indus valley civilization indicate an advanced urban
    culture. the knowledge of town planning is quite extended in the indus civilization. elaborate severage
    system and drainage system involving hydraulic engineering was first witnessed in this civilization.
    furthermore, municipal systems were develope to emphasize hygene and cleanliness

    TOWN PLANNING

    the indus valley civilization indicated a central urban planning of the cities. the common and
    administrative buildings were placed in the middle of the city. the structure were surrounded by
    residential house develop though grid planning. the placement of house in relation to central
    admisitrative services indicate a clear social leveling system

    STRUCTURES

    the buildings and structures in indus valley civilization were made of burnt mud bricks. few house were
    larger than other, however, drainage system and water facilities were provided to each building. personal
    adornement indicated a clear social leveling system although, the society showed a reletively high low
    wealth concentration. the major structure of indus valley civilization include massive citidal walls, brick
    platforms, clock yards , warehouses and massive granaries. there was no evidence of palaces, temples,
    preists, kings etc. however, some structures indicated them to be granaries. the massive protective walls
    indicated that the cities had to be protected against military invasion or flood water

    WATER FACILITIES

    water was obtained from wells. in houses, saperate rooms were designed for the purpose of bathing and
    washing. in most cities, a great well built bath refered to as the great bath was used as a place for public
    bath. the stuctures in the indus valley civilization included double storey houses. the toilets in indus
    valley civilization used water, which indicated that cities like harappa and mohinjo daro employeed flush
    toilets with elaborate and efficient drainage system

    DRAINAGE AND SEVERAGE SYTEMS

    the oldest civilization of india displayed profound knowledge of efficient and elaborate severage systems.
    covered drains were ligned along major street in the indus valley civilization. each building had water
    facilities and was connected to the overall drainage system of the city. the indus valley civilization
    displayed and afficient and wel developed drainage system.

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