Classroom management:

• Administration or direction of activities with special reference to such

problems as discipline, democratic techniques, use and care of supplies and
reference materials, the physical features of classroom, general house-
keeping, and the social relationships of pupils

• Good classroom management creates an atmosphere that permits activities to

be carried on efficiently and economically maximizing the time, effort and
energy of both the teacher and the students.

Objectives of a well-organized classroom:

a.) to have efficiency in the teachers and student’s time, efforts and energies;

b.) to efficiently use the physical facilities of school; and

c.) to promote an atmosphere which foster imaginative and creative activities

Aspects of Classroom Management:

a. Managing the Physical Environment

1. Physical Condition of the Classroom

2. Lighting

3. Furniture Arrangement

4. Seating Arrangement

 b. Establishing Classroom Routine

c. Directing and Controlling Learning

Principles in Classroom Management:

1. Consistent, proactive discipline is the crux of the effective classroom

management.
2. Establish routines for all daily tasks and needs.
3. Orchestrate smooth transitions and continuity of momentum throughout the
day.
 4. Strike a balance between variety and challenge in the students’ activities.
5. As classroom manager, be aware of all actions and activities in the
classroom.
6. Resolve minor inattention and disruption before they become major
disruptions.
7. Reinforce positive behavior.
8. Treat minor disturbance calmly.
9. Work out a physical arrangement of the chairs that facilitates an interactive
teaching-learning process.
10.Make good use of every instructional moment. Minimize discipline time to
maximize instructional time.

Principles of effective and constructive Discipline:

•  Students need control and direction but it is unlikely that they can learn self-
control and self-direction if they are controlled and directed all the time and
at every turn.

• In general, students should learn to discipline themselves and thus grow up

to become adults who are responsible, law-abiding, considerate of the
welfare of others and able to carry on the important responsibilities of life in
the face of frustration, tempting distractions and other difficulties. Schools
should help the students develop self-discipline by teaching them such

•  Effective discipline aims for self-direction and should be based on the tenets
of democracy. Discipline, to be effective, should be vital, meaningful,
sympathetic, and humane. The key is consistency and persistence.
Democracy means freedom with restraint. Constructive discipline is feasible
only when a thorough identification and study of the causes is made by the
teacher.

Important functions of discipline:

1.) It is necessary for socialization – for the learning of standards of conduct that
are approved and tolerated in any culture

2.) It is necessary for normal personality maturation.

3.) It is necessary for the internalization of moral standards and obligations.

4.) It is necessary for the students’ emotional security.

Principles underlying effective discipline, the teacher should:

1.) be responsible for his own class discipline;

2.) provide a wholesome atmosphere which results from orderly and adequate
classroom conditions;

3.) stimulate worthy motives and give the pupils every opportunity to direct their
own efforts;

4.) be aware of the pupils’ rights to be respected;

5.) be aware of the individual differences and should give each children equal
share of his attention, guidance, and direction.

Causes of Disciplinary Problems:

 1. Teacher factor

a. teacher’s personal characteristics

b. teacher’s scholastic qualifications

2. Pupil as a factor in discipline 

3. School as a factor in discipline

Strategies and guidelines in classroom management and discipline:

• All teachers are faced with problems of discipline. It is suggested that the
best approach should be positive rather than negative. Aggressive disorder
should be dealt with positively such as having a personal conference with
the pupils and parents.
• Negative measures which should be avoided are sarcasm, threats, forced
apology, punishment of the group for the offense of one or a few, ridicule,
nagging, embarrassment, name calling, humiliating remarks, and corporal
punishments.

Teacher should always take note of the following:

1. Establish good routine habits and keep pupils busy.

2. Stand at a place in the room where everybody can be within your gaze.

3. Be alert to detect any signs of boredom, discontent, or misbehavior.

4. Call on pupils who do not pay attention or who may begin to be disorderly.

5. Firmness and forcefulness in speaking can make the pupils be attentive.

6. Remain calm and poised even in an emergency.

7. Discipline - is about teaching people appropriate behaviour and helping then

become stronger or more in control of his or her emotions and being
independent and responsible.

Ways to avoid serious discipline problems:

1. Know the subject matter and be well-prepared.

2. Call on class to order as soon as the bell rings.

3. Follow an established routine every day until students learn to follow it

automatically.

4. Have all the needed materials and equipment ready for use so you do not
waste students’ time getting things arranged.

5. Walk around the classroom whenever possible to make sure all the students
are doing what they are supposed to be doing.

6. Check on the previous assignment promptly.

7. Make it clear to students that you expect them to work.

 8. Allow reasonable amount of time for special activities.

9. Avoid the use of threats.

10.Keep your sense of humor.

11.Compliment students on worthy contributions.

12.Handle calmly all undesirable attempts to attract attention.

13.Try to involve all students in class activities.

14.Always have planned alternate activities ready for emergency situations.

15.Never be sarcastic.

16.Implement group-oriented methodologies such as cooperative learning

approach, peer tutoring and team learning.

Modes for Establishing Discipline :

1. Discipline is the students’ responsibility.

2. Discipline is the teachers’ way of establishing a desirable student-oriented

environment for learning.

3. Discipline is coupled with effective teaching strategies and techniques

4. Discipline is achieved through the effects of group dynamics on behavior.

5. Discipline is believed to be the exclusive responsibility of the teachers.

Strategies for Handling Discipline Problems:

1. Deliberately ignore the misbehavior – to a point.

2. Intervene with nonverbal signals.
3. Reduce the distance between the offender and you.
4. Make an effort to rekindle lost interest.
5. Use humor to defuse tension.
6. Give functional assistance to-perplexed students.
7. Do things differently now and then.
8. Give support through routine-some students need it more than other.
 9. Use no punitive exile.
10.Physical restraint is sometimes necessary

References:

• Aquino, Gaudencio V. Principles and Methods of Effective Teaching. San

Juan. National BookStore, Inc. 1988. pp 363 – 384.

• Casinto, Carlo Domingo C. Hand book on Principles of Teaching. Quezon

City. Rex Bookstore Inc. 2010. pp 128 – 153.

• Kelly, William A.,Ph.D. Educational Psychology. Milwaukee.The Bruce

Publishing Company. 1965. pp 497 – 507.

• Lupdag, Anselmo D. Educational Psychology. Mandaluyong City. National

Bookstore.1984. pp 210 – 214.

• Lardizabal, Amparo S., Alicia S. Bustos, Luz C. Bucu, and Maura G.

Tangco. Principles and Methods of Teaching. Quezon City. Phoenix
Publishing House Inc. 1999. pp 267 – 282.