Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 48 views

    Packed Tower PDF 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    vv vv
    The document discusses the forces acting on particles moving through a fluid, including drag force. It then presents equations for calculating terminal falling velocity and Reynolds number. The remainder summarizes different equations from Carman, Sawistowski, and Ergun for calculating pressure drop across packed beds, including the modified Reynolds number approach. An example problem applies the Carman-Kozenys, Carman, and Ergun equations to calculate pressure drop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Packed Tower PDF 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    vv vv
    48 views13 pages
    The document discusses the forces acting on particles moving through a fluid, including drag force. It then presents equations for calculating terminal falling velocity and Reynolds number. The remainder summarizes different equations from Carman, Sawistowski, and Ergun for calculating pressure drop across packed beds, including the modified Reynolds number approach. An example problem applies the Carman-Kozenys, Carman, and Ergun equations to calculate pressure drop.

    Original Title

    packed tower PDF 3.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the forces acting on particles moving through a fluid, including drag force. It then presents equations for calculating terminal falling velocity and Reynolds number. The remainder summarizes different equations from Carman, Sawistowski, and Ergun for calculating pressure drop across packed beds, including the modified Reynolds number approach. An example problem applies the Carman-Kozenys, Carman, and Ergun equations to calculate pressure drop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views13 pages

    Packed Tower PDF 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    vv vv
    The document discusses the forces acting on particles moving through a fluid, including drag force. It then presents equations for calculating terminal falling velocity and Reynolds number. The remainder summarizes different equations from Carman, Sawistowski, and Ergun for calculating pressure drop across packed beds, including the modified Reynolds number approach. An example problem applies the Carman-Kozenys, Carman, and Ergun equations to calculate pressure drop.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Pof. Dr.

    Raid AlKateeb

    The velocity of particles moving in a fluid


    • When a particle moves steadily through a fluid, there are two
    principal forces acting upon it ,
    • 1. The external force causing the motion
    • 2. The drag force resisting motion which arises
    from frictional action of the fluid .
    gravitation Force = Bouyancy force + Drag force
    F1 = F2 + F3 ͢ F1 – F2 = F3

    Where :Ut : terminal falling velocity ( m/s),


    ds: dia. of solid particle (m), CD : dreg coeff.
    :density of solid (kg/m3), :density of fluid(kg/m3),
    g :is the gravity acceleration (m/s2)
    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb

    Sub. CD and (Re)p in terminal velocity eq. gives :

    Also

    (is shape correction factor)


    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb

    • Streamline and turbulent flow


    Equation (9) applies to streamline flow conditions ,
    though Carman and others have extended the analogy
    with pipe flow to cover both streamline and turbulent
    flow conditions through packed beds.In this treatment
    a modified friction factor R1/ρ u12 is plotted against
    a modified Reynolds number Re1. This is analogous
    to plotting R/ρ u12 against Re for flow through a pipe
    .The modified Reynolds number Re1 is obtained by
    taking the same velocity and characteristic linear
    dimension d′m as were used in deriving equation(9)
    Thus:
    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb

    ------------- (13)
    The friction factor, which is plotted against the
    modified Reynolds number, is R1/ρu12, where R1
    is the component of the drag force per unit area of
    particle surface in the direction of motion. R1 can
    be related to the properties of the bed and pressure
    gradient as follows.
    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb

    -------------- (14)
    Carman found that when R1/ρu12 was plotted
    against Re1 using logarithmic coordinates,his data
    for the flow through randomly packed beds of solid
    particles could be correlated approximately by a
    single curve (curve A, Figure 1), whose general
    equation is:

    ------------ (15) Carman


    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb
    • From equation 15 it can be seen that for values of Re1
    less than about 2, the second term is small and,
    approximately:

    ------------ (16)
    • Sawistowski compared the results obtained for flow
    of fluids through beds of hollow packings and he
    proposed the following correlation:

    ------ (17) Sawistowski

    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb


    • For flow through ring packings which are often used in
    industrial packed columns, Ergun obtained a good semi-
    empirical correlation for pressure drop as follows:

    -- --(18)Ergun

    ------ (19) Ergun/spherical particles

    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb


    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb

    • Example (1)
    A gas is flowing through a column packed with spheres of 5mm
    in diameter .The gas velocity is (0.015)m/s .Find the pressure
    drop across the packing using :
    a) Carmen –kozenys equation , b) Carmen equation
    c) Ergun equation. Take that :Porosity=0.33 , ρ=1.2 kg/m3 ,
    μ=1.25x10-5 pa. , and hight of packing=3m
    Solution:
    Re1 =(0.015x1.2)/[1200(1-0.33)x1.25x10-5]=1.8
    a) Carman –kozenys equation :For spherical particles K′′=5

    0.015=0.333xΔP/[5x(1200)2(1-.33)2x3x1.25x10-5]
    ΔP=48.6Pa
    b) Carman equation:
    3.155=(0.33)3ΔP/[1200x3(1-0.33)x1.2(0.015)2]
    ΔP=55.2Pa

    c) Ergun equation:

    2.61=(0.33)3ΔP/[1200x3(1-0.33)x1.2(0.015)2]
    ΔP=45.66Pa
    Pof. Dr.Raid AlKateeb

    • Example (2)
    A column 0.6 m diameter and 4 m high is , packed
    with 25 mm ceramic Raschig rings and used in a gas
    absorption process carried out at 101.3 kN/m2 and
    293 K . If the liquid and gas flowrates are 2.5 and
    0.6 kg/m2s respectively , what is the pressure drop
    across the column? Take that :
    ρgas=1.21 kg/m3 , μgas=0.032 mNs/m2 , and for 25 mm
    Raschig rings e=0.71 , and SB=190 m2/m3

    You might also like