Coronavirus disease

(COVID-19)
Situation Report – 178
Data as received by WHO from national authorities by 10:00 CEST, 16 July 2020

Highlights
75 countries have submitted expressions of interest to protect their populations and those
of other nations through joining the COVAX Facility, a mechanism designed to guarantee
rapid, fair and equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines worldwide. The goal of COVAX is to
deliver two billion doses of safe, effective vaccines that have passed regulatory approval and/or
WHO prequalification.

WHO and UNICEF have warned of a decline in vaccinations, due to disruptions in delivery
caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore noted that
“COVID-19 has made previously routine vaccination a daunting challenge” and stressed that
further impact on vaccine coverage needs to be avoided, otherwise there is a risk of exchanging
one crisis for another.

While the world races to find a vaccine to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO looks back on
all that vaccines have achieved for humanity.

In today’s ‘Subject in Focus’ we describe the WHO Unity Study protocols, developed to better
understand the characteristics of the COVID-19 virus and the disease it causes.

Thank you for reading the WHO COVID-19 Situation Report! We would greatly appreciate any
feedback and suggestions you may have on these reports via a short anonymous survey.

Situation in numbers (by WHO Region)

Total (new cases in last 24 hours)

Globally 13 378 853 cases (226 181) 580 045 deaths (5 579)
Africa 523 403 cases (17 279) 8 819 deaths (172)
Americas 7 016 851 cases (132 700) 294 301 deaths (3 627)
Eastern Mediterranean 1 331 893 cases (14 815) 32 776 deaths (482)
Europe 2 987 256 cases (21 183) 205 006 deaths (552)
South-East Asia 1 268 923 cases (37 909) 31 297 deaths (727)
Western Pacific 249 786 cases (2 295) 7 833 deaths (19)
Subject in Focus: Unity studies: Early epidemiological investigations
for COVID-19

The identification of any new pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19,
is accompanied by many unknowns. Six months into the pandemic, there are certain
characteristics of the virus and the disease it causes that remain unclear, particularly its ability
to spread in the human population and its virulence. To enhance understanding of the
characteristics of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and the disease it causes, WHO has
developed a series of early epidemiological protocols, the WHO Unity studies. These protocols
enable analysis of the local context, as well as comparison across different settings.
The six currently available WHO Unity study protocols help countries to understand infection
amongst close contacts of cases, health workers, or members of households; to understand
the extent of infection in the population; and to determine the presence of the virus on
different surfaces and environments. The results of these studies help countries to inform
public health and social measures to limit further spread of the virus.
To date, 47 countries have implemented at least one of the Unity study protocols. An
additional 46 countries have expressed their intent to implement them. More than half of the
countries implementing the protocols (55%) are low- and middle-income countries, providing
an invaluable tool for enhanced surveillance and research equity.
WHO supports countries to develop and implement country-specific protocols, support
selection of laboratory tests, and ensure comparability of results between countries. WHO has
also procured and delivered laboratory tests to countries that have begun to implement at
least one of the studies. This represents 35 820 laboratory tests being sent to 12 low- and
middle-income countries, with further tests to be sent to other countries in the coming
months. The use of the same laboratory tests across study sites will ensure that the results
from different sites can be compared.
Two protocols are currently being developed in collaboration with technical partners. One will
enable understanding of the extent of infection in schools and other educational institutions.
The other will address COVID-19 in closed settings, which include long term care facilities,
food processing plants, prisons, military barracks, and community venues.
Surveillance
Figure 1. Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in the last seven days by country, territory or area, 10 July to 16 July **

**See Annex 1 for data, table and figure notes.

Figure 2. Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, by date of report and WHO region, 30 December through 16 July**

**See Annex 1 for data, table and figure notes.

Table 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, by WHO region. Data as of 10 AM CEST,
16 July 2020**
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Africa
South Africa 311 049 12 757 4 453 107 Community transmission 0
Nigeria 34 259 643 760 6 Community transmission 0
Ghana 25 430 442 139 0 Community transmission 0
Algeria 207 70 554 1 040 12 Community transmission 0
Cameroon 16 057 884 369 10 Community transmission 0
Côte d’Ivoire 13 037 0 87 0 Community transmission 1
Kenya 11 252 461 209 7 Community transmission 0
Ethiopia 8 475 294 148 2 Community transmission 0
Senegal 8 369 126 153 3 Community transmission 0
Democratic Republic of the Congo 8 162 28 191 2 Community transmission 0
Guinea 6 276 76 38 0 Community transmission 0
Gabon 5 942 0 46 0 Community transmission 5
Madagascar 5 605 262 43 4 Community transmission 0
Mauritania 5 518 72 149 0 Community transmission 0
Central African Republic 4 362 41 53 0 Community transmission 0
Malawi 2 614 117 43 3 Clusters of cases 0
Mali 2 433 10 121 0 Community transmission 0
Congo 2 358 0 48 0 Community transmission 1
Zambia 2 283 0 82 0 Community transmission 2
South Sudan 2 171 18 41 0 Community transmission 0
Guinea-Bissau 1 927 25 26 0 Community transmission 0
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Cabo Verde 1 837 57 19 0 Clusters of cases 0
Sierra Leone 1 668 17 64 0 Community transmission 0
Eswatini 1 489 55 20 0 Community transmission 0
Benin 1 463 0 28 0 Community transmission 1
Rwanda 1 435 19 4 0 Community transmission 0
Mozambique 1 330 62 9 0 Community transmission 0
Niger 1 099 0 68 0 Community transmission 5
Zimbabwe 1 089 25 20 0 Clusters of cases 0
Liberia 1 056 18 66 15 Community transmission 0
Equatorial Guinea 1 043 0 12 0 Community transmission 53
Uganda 1 043 3 0 0 Clusters of cases 0
Burkina Faso 1 038 1 53 0 Community transmission 0
Namibia 960 96 2 0 Clusters of cases 0
Chad 885 1 75 0 Community transmission 0
Togo 740 9 15 0 Community transmission 0
Angola 576 35 27 1 Clusters of cases 0
United Republic of Tanzania 509 0 21 0 Community transmission 69
Sao Tome and Principe 417 1 12 0 Clusters of cases 0
Botswana 399 0 1 0 Clusters of cases 3
Mauritius 343 0 10 0 Sporadic cases 2
Comoros 321 0 7 0 Community transmission 1
Burundi 303 34 1 0 Clusters of cases 0
Lesotho 256 0 3 0 Clusters of cases 1
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Eritrea 232 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 6
Seychelles 108 8 0 0 Sporadic cases 0
Gambia 64 0 3 0 Sporadic cases 6
Territoriesii
Mayotte 2 743 19 37 0 Clusters of cases 0
Réunion 608 9 3 0 Clusters of cases 0
Americas
United States of America 3 405 494 60 711 135 807 754 Community transmission 0
Brazil 1 926 824 41 857 74 133 1 300 Community transmission 0
Peru 333 867 3 744 12 229 175 Community transmission 0
Chile 321 205 1 712 7 186 117 Community transmission 0
Mexico 311 486 7 051 36 327 836 Community transmission 0
Colombia 159 898 5 621 5 625 170 Community transmission 0
Canada 108 486 331 8 798 8 Community transmission 0
Argentina 106 910 3 645 1 987 61 Community transmission 0
Ecuador 70 329 759 5 158 28 Community transmission 0
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 50 867 1 617 1 898 32 Community transmission 0
Panama 48 096 923 960 28 Community transmission 0
Dominican Republic 47 671 1 366 929 19 Community transmission 0
Guatemala 30 872 1 130 1 302 58 Community transmission 0
Honduras 29 106 527 807 18 Community transmission 0
El Salvador 10 645 342 286 8 Community transmission 0
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 10 010 303 96 3 Community transmission 0
Costa Rica 8 482 446 36 5 Community transmission 0
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Haiti 6 831 104 143 2 Community transmission 0
Paraguay 3 074 94 25 0 Community transmission 0
Nicaragua 2 712 0 99 0 Community transmission 1
Cuba 2 438 6 87 0 Clusters of cases 0
Uruguay 997 8 31 0 Clusters of cases 0
Suriname 801 21 18 0 Clusters of cases 0
Jamaica 762 3 10 0 Clusters of cases 0
Guyana 308 8 18 1 Clusters of cases 0
Trinidad and Tobago 133 0 8 0 Sporadic cases 9
Bahamas 116 3 11 0 Clusters of cases 0
Barbados 103 0 7 0 Clusters of cases 3
Antigua and Barbuda 74 0 3 0 Clusters of cases 4
Belize 39 2 2 0 Sporadic cases 0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 35 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 2
Grenada 23 0 0 0 Clusters of cases 50
Saint Lucia 23 1 0 0 Sporadic cases 0
Dominica 18 0 0 0 Clusters of cases 33
Saint Kitts and Nevis 17 0 0 0 No cases 5
Territoriesii
Puerto Rico 10 379 256 171 2 Community transmission 0
French Guiana 6 299 70 33 2 Community transmission 0
Martinique 255 0 15 0 Clusters of cases 4
United States Virgin Islands 243 37 6 0 Clusters of cases 0
Cayman Islands 203 0 1 0 Clusters of cases 1
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Guadeloupe 190 0 14 0 Clusters of cases 5
Bermuda 150 0 9 0 Sporadic cases 4
Aruba 106 1 3 0 Sporadic cases 0
Sint Maarten 79 1 15 0 No cases 0
Turks and Caicos Islands 72 0 2 0 Clusters of cases 2
Saint Martin 44 0 3 0 Sporadic cases 11
Curaçao 26 0 1 0 No cases 2
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 13 0 0 0 No cases 81
Montserrat 12 0 1 0 No cases 5
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 9 0 0 0 No cases 1
British Virgin Islands 8 0 1 0 No cases 61
Saint Barthélemy 6 0 0 0 No cases 107
Anguilla 3 0 0 0 No cases 103
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 6
Eastern Mediterranean
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 264 561 2 388 13 410 199 Community transmission 0
Pakistan 257 914 2 145 5 426 40 Clusters of cases 0
Saudi Arabia 240 474 2 671 2 325 42 Clusters of cases 0
Qatar 104 983 450 151 1 Community transmission 0
Egypt 84 843 913 4 067 59 Clusters of cases 0
Iraq 83 867 2 110 3 432 87 Community transmission 0
Oman 61 247 1 679 281 8 Community transmission 0
Kuwait 56 877 703 399 3 Clusters of cases 0
United Arab Emirates 55 848 275 335 0 Community transmission 0
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Afghanistan 35 070 130 1 113 19 Clusters of cases 0
Bahrain 34 560 482 117 6 Clusters of cases 0
Morocco 16 262 165 259 2 Clusters of cases 0
Sudan 10 527 110 668 9 Community transmission 0
Djibouti 4 985 6 56 0 Clusters of cases 0
Somalia 3 083 7 93 0 Sporadic cases 0
Lebanon 2 542 91 38 1 Clusters of cases 0
Libya 1 589 26 43 1 Clusters of cases 0
Yemen 1 530 10 434 4 Community transmission 0
Tunisia 1 319 13 50 0 Sporadic cases 0
Jordan 1 201 3 10 0 Clusters of cases 0
Syrian Arab Republic 458 19 22 1 Community transmission 0
Territoriesii
occupied Palestinian territory 8 153 419 47 0 Clusters of cases 0
Europe
Russian Federation 752 797 6 428 11 937 167 Clusters of cases 0
The United Kingdom 291 915 538 45 053 85 Community transmission 0
Spain 257 494 875 28 413 4 Clusters of cases 0
Italy 243 506 162 34 997 13 Community transmission 0
Turkey 215 940 947 5 419 17 Community transmission 0
Germany 200 260 534 9 078 7 Clusters of cases 0
France 163 157 767 30 015 90 Clusters of cases 0
Sweden 76 492 491 5 572 27 Community transmission 0
Belarus 65 443 174 480 6 Community transmission 0
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Kazakhstan 65 188 1 674 375 0 Clusters of cases 0
Belgium 63 039 258 9 792 5 Community transmission 0
Ukraine 56 455 848 1 445 18 Community transmission 0
Netherlands 51 197 106 6 127 0 Community transmission 0
Portugal 47 426 375 1 676 8 Community transmission 0
Israel 42 602 1 573 372 5 Pending 0
Poland 38 780 323 1 594 6 Community transmission 0
Romania 34 226 641 1 952 21 Community transmission 0
Armenia 33 559 554 607 15 Community transmission 0
Switzerland 33 063 132 1 687 0 Community transmission 0
Ireland 25 683 13 1 748 2 Clusters of cases 0
Azerbaijan 25 672 559 326 7 Clusters of cases 0
Republic of Moldova 20 040 332 662 4 Community transmission 0
Serbia 19 334 351 429 11 Community transmission 0
Austria 19 115 55 710 1 Community transmission 0
Uzbekistan 14 787 494 72 4 Clusters of cases 0
Czechia 13 475 134 355 0 Clusters of cases 0
Denmark 13 092 31 610 0 Community transmission 0
Kyrgyzstan 12 498 521 167 7 Clusters of cases 0
Norway 9 001 17 253 0 Clusters of cases 0
North Macedonia 8 522 191 393 4 Clusters of cases 0
Bulgaria 7 877 232 289 6 Clusters of cases 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 7 407 231 233 4 Community transmission 0
Finland 7 296 0 328 0 Clusters of cases 2
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Tajikistan 6 695 52 56 0 Pending 0
Luxembourg 5 056 0 111 0 Community transmission 1
Hungary 4 263 0 595 0 Community transmission 1
Croatia 3 953 126 119 0 Clusters of cases 0
Greece 3 910 27 193 0 Clusters of cases 0
Albania 3 851 99 104 3 Clusters of cases 0
Estonia 2 016 1 69 0 Clusters of cases 0
Slovakia 1 927 19 28 0 Clusters of cases 0
Iceland 1 911 6 10 0 Community transmission 0
Lithuania 1 882 7 79 0 Community transmission 0
Slovenia 1 878 19 111 0 Clusters of cases 0
Montenegro 1 429 142 25 1 Clusters of cases 0
Latvia 1 178 0 31 0 Clusters of cases 1
Cyprus 1 023 1 19 0 Clusters of cases 0
Georgia 1 006 3 15 0 Sporadic cases 0
Andorra 862 1 52 0 Community transmission 0
San Marino 716 0 42 0 Community transmission 6
Malta 674 0 9 0 Sporadic cases 6
Monaco 99 0 1 0 Sporadic cases 39
Liechtenstein 85 0 1 0 Sporadic cases 9
Holy See 12 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 70
Territoriesii
Kosovo[1]
5 194 119 102 4 Community transmission 0
Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Isle of Man 336 0 24 0 No cases 55
Jersey 329 0 31 0 Community transmission 2
Guernsey 252 0 13 0 Community transmission 74
Faroe Islands 188 0 0 0 Pending 8
Gibraltar 180 0 0 0 Clusters of cases 5
Greenland 13 0 0 0 No cases 48
South-East Asia
India 968 876 32 695 24 915 606 Clusters of cases 0
Bangladesh 193 590 3 533 2 457 33 Community transmission 0
Indonesia 80 094 1 522 3 797 87 Community transmission 0
Nepal 17 177 116 39 1 Clusters of cases 0
Thailand 3 236 4 58 0 Clusters of cases 0
Maldives 2 831 30 14 0 Clusters of cases 0
Sri Lanka 2 674 9 11 0 Clusters of cases 0
Myanmar 337 0 6 0 Clusters of cases 1
Bhutan 84 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 3
Timor-Leste 24 0 0 0 No cases 83
Western Pacific
China 85 697 20 4 651 2 Clusters of cases 0
Philippines 58 850 1 305 1 614 11 Community transmission 0
Singapore 46 879 249 27 0 Clusters of cases 0
Japan 22 890 382 985 1 Clusters of cases 0
Republic of Korea 13 612 61 291 2 Clusters of cases 0
 Reporting Country/Territory/Area Total confirmed Total confirmed Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission Days since last
cases new cases classificationi reported case
Australia 10 495 244 111 3 Clusters of cases 0
Malaysia 8 734 5 122 0 Clusters of cases 0
New Zealand 1 198 1 22 0 Clusters of cases 0
Viet Nam 381 8 0 0 Clusters of cases 0
Mongolia 261 18 0 0 Sporadic cases 0
Cambodia 166 1 0 0 Sporadic cases 0
Brunei Darussalam 141 0 3 0 No cases 69
Fiji 26 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 4
Lao People's Democratic Republic 19 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 94
Papua New Guinea 11 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 20
Territoriesii

Guam 306 1 5 0 Clusters of cases 0

French Polynesia 62 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 18

Northern Mariana Islands
(Commonwealth of the) 36 0 2 0 Pending 1
New Caledonia 22 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 1
Subtotal for all regions 13 378 112 226 181 580 032 5 579
Other* 741 0 13 0 Not applicable -
Grand total 13 378 853 226 181 580 045 5 579

**See Annex 1 for data, table and figure notes.

Technical guidance and other resources
– To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage.
– Updates from WHO regional offices
– WHO AFRO – WHO PAHO
– WHO EMRO – WHO SEARO
– WHO EURO – WHO WPRO

– Research and Development

– Online courses on COVID-19 and in additional national languages
– The Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP) outlining the support the
international community can provide to all countries to prepare and respond to the virus
– WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard
– Weekly COVID-19 Operations Updates

Recommendations and advice for the public

– Protect yourself
– Questions and answers
– Travel advice
– EPI-WIN: tailored information for individuals, organizations and communities

Case definitions
WHO periodically updates the Global Surveillance for human infection with coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) document which includes surveillance definitions.

Definition of COVID-19 death

A COVID-19 death is defined for surveillance purposes as a death resulting from a clinically
compatible illness in a probable or confirmed COVID-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative
cause of death that cannot be related to COVID-19 disease (e.g. trauma). There should be no
period of complete recovery between the illness and death.
Further guidance for certification and classification (coding) of COVID-19 as cause of death is
available here and here.
Annex 1: Data, table and figure notes

Caution must be taken when interpreting all data presented. Differences are to be expected
between information products published by WHO, national public health authorities, and
other sources using different inclusion criteria and different data cut-off times. While steps
are taken to ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are subject to continuous verification and
change. Case detection, definitions, testing strategies, reporting practice, and lag times differ
between countries/territories/areas. These factors, amongst others, influence the counts
presented, with variable underestimation of true case and death counts, and variable delays
to reflecting these data at global level.

The designations employed, and the presentation of these materials do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any
country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which
there may not yet be full agreement. Countries, territories and areas are arranged under the
administering WHO region.

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that
they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that
are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are
distinguished by initial capital letters.
[1]
All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). In the map, number of cases of Serbia and Kosovo
(UNSCR 1244, 1999) have been aggregated for visualization purposes.

Counts reflect laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths, based on WHO case

definitions, unless stated otherwise (see Country, territory, or area-specific updates and
errata), and include both domestic and repatriated cases.

Other*: includes cases reported from international conveyances.

Due to the recent trend of countries conducting data reconciliation exercises which remove
large numbers of cases or deaths from their total counts, WHO will now display such data as
negative numbers in the “new cases” / “new deaths” columns as appropriate. This will aid
readers in identifying when such adjustments occur. When additional details become
available that allow the subtractions to be suitably apportioned to previous days, graphics will
be updated accordingly. Prior situation reports will not be edited; see covid19.who.int for the
most up-to-date data.
Additional table notes
i
Transmission classification is based on a process of country/territory/area self-reporting.
Classifications are reviewed on a weekly basis and may be revised as new information
becomes available. Differing degrees of transmission may be present within
countries/territories/areas; classification is based on the highest category reported within a
country/territory/area. Categories:

• No cases: with no confirmed cases;

• Sporadic cases: with one or more cases, imported or locally detected;
• Clusters of cases: experiencing cases, clustered in time, geographic location and/or by
common exposures;
• Community transmission: experiencing larger outbreaks of local transmission defined
through an assessment of factors including, but not limited to: large numbers of cases not
linkable to transmission chains; large numbers of cases from sentinel lab surveillance;
and/or multiple unrelated clusters in several areas of the country/territory/area;
• Pending: transmission classification has not been reported to WHO.

ii “Territories” include territories, areas, overseas dependencies and other jurisdictions of

similar status.

Country, territory, or area-specific updates and errata

• Update 16 July 2020, Mayotte: Counts adjusted retrospectively by national authorities:

count of number of deaths adjusted between 10 to 15 July.
• Update 16 July 2020, Spain: Counts adjusted retrospectively by national authorities:
distribution of cases adjusted between 19 April to 13 July. Distribution of deaths
adjusted between 26 April to 5 June and from 21 June to 13 July.
• Update 16 July 2020, Finland: Counts adjusted retrospectively by national authorities:
count of number of cases adjusted between 4 to 15 July.
• Update 16 July 2020, Luxembourg: Counts adjusted retrospectively by national
authorities: added 100 cases on 15 July.
• Update 16 July 2020, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Counts adjusted retrospectively by
national authorities: added 197 cases and 5 deaths on 15 July.
• Update 16 July 2020, Israel: Counts adjusted retrospectively by national authorities:
added 1735 cases and 3 deaths on 15 July.