What is AWS?

Amazon web service is a platform that offers flexible, reliable, scalable, easy-to-use and
cost-effective cloud computing solutions.
AWS is a comprehensive, easy to use computing platform offered Amazon. The platform
is developed with a combination of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a
service (PaaS) and packaged software as a service (SaaS) offerings.

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing often referred to as “the cloud”, in simple terms means storing or
accessing your data and programs over the internet rather than your own hard
drive.
Everything nowadays is moved to the cloud, running in the cloud, accessed from the

cloud or may be stored in the cloud

There are basically 3 categories in cloud computing(service models):

SaaS (Software as a Service)

It allows companies to use software without having to purchase them,

which reduces the expenditure of the company drastically, since they
are already installed on the cloud server they can be quickly deployed
and therefore saves time.

Example: salesforce.com provides the CRM(Customer Relation Manager) on
a cloud infrastructure to its client and charges them for it, but the software
is owned by the salesforce company only

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

It allows developers to build applications, collaborate on projects

without having to purchase or maintain infrastructure.

Example: This service would make sense to you only if you are a developer,
since this service provides you a platform for developing applications, like
Google App Engine.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

 It allows companies to rent servers, storage space, etc. from a cloud
provider.
Example AWS(Amazon Web Services) is IaaS, like AWS EC2.

Deployment models:

Public Cloud

Private Cloud

Hybrid Cloud

Public Cloud

In a public cloud deployment mode, the services which are deployed are open for

public use and generally public cloud services are free. Technically there maybe no

difference between a public cloud and a private cloud, but the security parameters
are very different, since the public cloud is accessible by anyone there is a more risk

factor involved with the same.

Private Cloud

A private cloud is operated solely for a single organization, it can be done by the

same organization or a third-party organization. But usually the costs are high

when you are using your own cloud since the hardware would be updated

periodically, security also has to be kept in check since new threats come up every

day.

Hybrid Cloud

A hybrid cloud consists the functionalities of both private and public cloud.
Amazon RDS
Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) provides a similar access as that of
MySQL, Oracle, or Microsoft SQL Server database engine. The same queries,
applications, and tools can be used with Amazon RDS.

It automatically patches the database software and manages backups as per the
user’s instruction. It also supports point-in-time recovery. There are no up-front
investments required, and we pay only for the resources we use.

AWS S3
Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) is a storage for the internet. It is designed for

large-capacity, low-cost storage provision across multiple geographical regions.

Amazon S3 provides developers and IT teams with Secure, Durable and Highly

Scalable object storage.

S3 is Secure because AWS provides:

Encryption to the data that you store. It can happen in two ways:

Client Side Encryption

 Server Side Encryption
Multiple copies are maintained to enable regeneration of data in case of data
corruption

Versioning, wherein each edit is archived for a potential retrieval.

S3 is Durable because:

It regularly verifies the integrity of data stored using checksums e.g. if S3
detects there is any corruption in data, it is immediately repaired with the
help of replicated data.

Even while storing or retrieving data, it checks incoming network traffic for
any corrupted data packets.

S3 is Highly Scalable, since it automatically scales your storage according to your

requirement and you only pay for the storage you use.

Backup and recovery

AWS S3 provides highly durable and secure places for backing up and archiving
the data. Amazon S3 and Amazon Glacier provide four different storage classes.
This helps to optimize cost and performance while meeting the Recovery Point
Objective and Recovery Time Objective

AWS EC2 Tutorial

It is very difficult to predict how much computing power one might require for an

application which you might have just launched. There can be two scenarios, you

may over-estimate the requirement, and buy stacks of servers which will not be of

any use, or you may under-estimate the usage, which will lead to the crashing of

your application.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, EC2 is a web service from Amazon that provides re-

 
sizable compute services in the cloud.

They are re-sizable because you can quickly scale up or scale down the number of
server instances you are using if your computing requirements change.
What is an Instance?

An instance is a virtual server for running applications on Amazon’s EC2. It can also

be understood like a tiny part of a larger computer, a tiny part which has its own

Hard drive, network connection, OS etc. But it is actually all virtual. 

AWS Services
AWS Compute Services
Here, are Cloud Compute Services offered by Amazon:
1.EC2(Elastic Compute Cloud) - EC2 is a virtual machine in the cloud on which
you have OS level control. You can run this cloud server whenever you want.
2.LightSail -This cloud computing tool automatically deploys and manages the
computer, storage, and networking capabilities required to run your applications.
3.Elastic Beanstalk —  The tool offers automated deployment and provisioning of
resources like a highly scalable production website.
4.EKS (Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes) — The tool allows you
to Kubernetes on Amazon cloud environment without installation.
5.AWS Lambda — This AWS service allows you to run functions in the cloud.
The tool is a big cost saver for you as you to pay only when your functions
execute.

Migration
Migration services used to transfer data physically between your datacenter and AWS.
1.DMS (Database Migration Service) -DMS service can be used to migrate on-
site databases to AWS. It helps you to migrate from one type of database to
another — for example, Oracle to MySQL.
2.SMS (Server Migration Service) - SMS migration services allows you to
migrate on-site servers to AWS easily and quickly.
3.Snowball — Snowball is a small application which allows you to transfer
terabytes of data inside and outside of AWS environment.

Storage
1.Amazon Glacier- It is an extremely low-cost storage service. It offers secure
and fast storage for data archiving and backup.
2.Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)- It provides block-level storage to use with
Amazon EC2 instances. Amazon Elastic Block Store volumes are network-
attached and remain independent from the life of an instance.
3.AWS Storage Gateway- This AWS service is connecting on-premises software
applications with cloud-based storage. It offers secure integration between the
company's on-premises and AWS's storage infrastructure.

Security Services
1.IAM (Identity and Access Management) —  IAM is a secure cloud security
service which helps you to manage users, assign policies, form groups to manage
multiple users.
 2.Inspector — It is an agent that you can install on your virtual machines, which
reports any security vulnerabilities.
3.Certificate Manager — The service offers free SSL certificates for your
domains that are managed by Route53.
4.WAF (Web Application Firewall) — WAF security service offers application-
level protectionand allows you to block SQL injection and helps you to block
cross-site scripting attacks.
5.Cloud Directory — This service allows you to create flexible, cloud-native
directories for managing hierarchies of data along multiple dimensions.
6.KMS (Key Management Service) — It is a managed service. This security
service helps you to create and control the encryption keys which allows you to
encrypt your data.
7.Organizations — You can create groups of AWS accounts using this service to
manages security and automation settings.
8.Shield — Shield is managed DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service protection
service). It offers safeguards against web applications running on AWS.
9.Macie — It offers a data visibility security service which helps classify and
protect your sensitive critical content.
10.GuardDuty —It offers threat detection to protect your AWS accounts and
workloads.

Database Services
1.Amazon RDS- This Database AWS service is easy to set up, operate, and scale
a relational database in the cloud.
2.Amazon DynamoDB- It is a fast, fully managed NoSQL database service. It is
a simple service which allow cost-effective storage and retrieval of data. It also
allows you to serve any level of request traffic.
3.Amazon ElastiCache- It is a web service which makes it easy to deploy,
operate, and scale an in-memory cache in the cloud.
4.Neptune- It is a fast, reliable and scalable graph database service.
5.Amazon RedShift - It is Amazon's data warehousing solution which you can use
to perform complex OLAP queries.

Analytics
1.Athena — This analytics service allows perm SQL queries on your S3 bucket to
find files.
2.CloudSearch — You should use this AWS service to create a fully managed
search engine for your website.
3.ElasticSearch — It is similar to CloudSearch. However, it offers more features
like application monitoring.
 4.Kinesis — This AWS analytics service helps you to stream and analyzing real-
time data at massive scale.
5.QuickSight —It is a business analytics tool. It helps you to create visualizations
in a dashboard for data in Amazon Web Services. For example, S3, DynamoDB,
etc.
6.EMR (Elastic Map Reduce) —This AWS analytics service mainly used for big
data processing like Spark, Splunk, Hadoop, etc.
7.Data Pipeline — Allows you to move data from one place to another. For
example from DynamoDB to S3.

Management Services
1.CloudWatch — Cloud watch helps you to monitor AWS environments like EC2,
RDS instances, and CPU utilization. It also triggers alarms depends on various
metrics.
2.CloudFormation — It is a way of turning infrastructure into the cloud. You can
use templates for providing a whole production environment in minutes.
3.CloudTrail — It offers an easy method of auditing AWS resources. It helps you
to log all changes.
4.OpsWorks — The service allows you to automated Chef/Puppet deployments on
AWS environment.
5.Config — This AWS service monitors your environment. The tool sends alerts
about changes when you break certain defined configurations.
6.Service Catalog — This service helps large enterprises to authorize which
services user will be used and which won't.
7.AWS Auto Scaling — The service allows you to automatically scale your
resources up and down based on given CloudWatch metrics.
8.Systems Manager — This AWS service allows you to group your resources. It
allows you to identify issues and act on them.
9.Managed Services—It offers management of your AWS infrastructure which
allows you to focus on your applications.

Internet of Things
1.IoT Core— It is a managed cloud AWS service. The service allows connected
devices like cars, light bulbs, sensor grids, to securely interact with cloud
applications and other devices.
2.IoT Device Management — It allows you to manage your IoT devices at any
scale.
3.IoT Analytics — This AWS IOT service is helpful to perform analysis on data
collected by your IoT devices.
4.Amazon FreeRTOS — This real-time operating system for microcontrollers
helps you to connect IoT devices in the local server or into the cloud.
Application Services
1.Step Functions — It is a way of visualizing what's going inside your application
and what different microservices it is using.
2.SWF (Simple Workflow Service) — The service helps you to coordinate both
automated tasks and human-led tasks.
3.SNS (Simple Notification Service) — You can use this service to send you
notifications in the form of email and SMS based on given AWS services.
4.SQS (Simple Queue Service) — Use this AWS service to decouple your
applications. It is a pull-based service.
5.Elastic Transcoder — This AWS service tool helps you to changes a video's
format and resolution to support various devices like tablets, smartphones, and
laptops of different resolutions.

Deployment and Management

1.AWS CloudTrail: The services records AWS API calls and send backlog files
to you.
2.Amazon CloudWatch: The tools monitor AWS resources like Amazon EC2
and Amazon RDS DB Instances. It also allows you to monitor custom metrics
created by user's applications and services.
3.AWS CloudHSM: This AWS service helps you meet corporate, regulatory, and
contractual, compliance requirements for maintaining data security by using the
Hardware Security Module(HSM) appliances inside the AWS environment.

Developer Tools
1.CodeStar — Codestar is a cloud-based service for creating, managing, and
working with various software development projects on AWS.
2.CodeCommit —  It is AWS's version control service which allows you to store
your code and other assets privately in the cloud.
3.CodeBuild — This Amazon developer service help you to automates the process
of building and compiling your code.
4.CodeDeploy — It is a way of deploying your code in EC2 instances
automatically.
5.CodePipeline — It helps you create a deployment pipeline like testing, building,
testing, authentication, deployment on development and production environments.
6.Cloud9 —It is an Integrated Development Environment for writing, running,
and debugging code in the cloud.

Mobile Services
1.Mobile Hub — Allows you to add, configure and design features for mobile
apps.
2.Cognito — Allows users to signup using his or her social identity.
 3.Device Farm — Device farm helps you to improve the quality of apps by
quickly testing hundreds of mobile devices.
4.AWS AppSync —It is a fully managed GraphQL service that offers real-time
data synchronization and offline programming features.

Business Productivity
1.Alexa for Business — It empowers your organization with voice, using Alexa. It
will help you to Allows you to build custom voice skills for your organization.
2.Chime — Can be used for online meeting and video conferencing.
3.WorkDocs — Helps to store documents in the cloud
4.WorkMail — Allows you to send and receive business emails.
Desktop & App Streaming
1.WorkSpaces — Workspace is a VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure). It allows
you to use remote desktops in the cloud.
2.AppStream — A way of streaming desktop applications to your users in the
web browser. For example, using MS Word in Google Chrome.

Artificial Intelligence
1.Lex — Lex tool helps you to build chatbots quickly.
2.Polly —  It is AWS's text-to-speech service allows you to create audio versions
of your notes.
3.Rekognition  — It is AWS's face recognition service. This AWS service helps
you to recognize faces and object in images and videos.
4.SageMaker — Sagemaker allows you to build, train, and deploy machine
learning models at any scale.
5.Transcribe —  It is AWS's speech-to-text service that offers high-quality and
affordable transcriptions.
6.Translate — It is a very similar tool to Google Translate which allows you to
translate text in one language to another.

AR & VR (Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality)

1.Sumerian — Sumerian is a set of tool for offering high-quality virtual reality
(VR) experiences on the web. The service allows you to create interactive 3D
scenes and publish it as a website for users to access.

Customer Engagement
1.Amazon Connect — Amazon Connect allows you to create your customer care
center in the cloud.
2.Pinpoint — Pinpoint helps you to understand your users and engage with them.
3.SES (Simple Email Service) — Helps you to send bulk emails to your
customers at a relatively cost-effective price.
Game Development
1.GameLift- It is a service which is managed by AWS. You can use this service
to host dedicated game servers. It allows you to scale seamlessly without taking
your game offline.

Applications of AWS services

Amazon Web services are widely used for various computing purposes like:
Web site hosting
Application hosting/SaaS hosting
Media Sharing (Image/ Video)
Mobile and Social Applications
Content delivery and Media Distribution
Storage, backup, and disaster recovery
Development and test environments
Academic Computing
Search Engines
Social Networking

Companies using AWS

Instagram
Zoopla
Smugmug
Pinterest
Netflix
Dropbox
Etsy
Talkbox
Playfish
Ftopia
Advantages of AWS
AWS allows organizations to use the already familiar programming models,
operating systems, databases, and architectures.

It is a cost-effective service that allows you to pay only for what you use, without
any up-front or long-term commitments.

You will not require to spend money on running and maintaining data centers.

Offers fast deployments

You can easily add or remove capacity.

You are allowed cloud access quickly with limitless capacity.

Total Cost of Ownership is very low compared to any private/dedicated servers.

Offers Centralized Billing and management

Offers Hybrid Capabilities

Allows you to deploy your application in multiple regions around the world with
just a few clicks
Disadvantages of AWS

If you need more immediate or intensive assistance, you'll have to opt for paid
support packages.

Amazon Web Services may have some common cloud computing issues when
you move to a cloud. For example, downtime, limited control, and backup
protection.

AWS sets default limits on resources which differ from region to region. These
resources consist of images, volumes, and snapshots.

Hardware-level changes happen to your application which may not offer the best
performance and usage of your applications.
Amazon web service provides a lot of services which we can use connect with internet and use
cloud storage.
In other words we can say that if we haven't web services then we never go out of our computer and
we can't use anything
Amazon provides us services at very low cost. In aws we only pay for what and how much long
time we use service
When we use aws services then we find
 Less error
 Fastest work speed
 Easy usability
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=7&v=SorHbAiZ918
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=lQGHsBOZJBw
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q=how+netflix+works&oq=how+netflix+wo&aqs=chrome.0.0j69i57j0l4.6368j0j7&sourceid=chro
me&ie=UTF-8#kpvalbx=1
 https://www.udemy.com/aws-concepts/learn/v4/t/lecture/5774880?start=0
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/amazon_web_services/amazon_web_services_basic_architecture.ht
m
https://medium.com/refraction-tech-everything/how-netflix-works-the-hugely-simplified-complex-
stuff-that-happens-every-time-you-hit-play-3a40c9be254b
http://highscalability.com/blog/2017/12/11/netflix-what-happens-when-you-press-play.html
https://www.tomsguide.com/us/best-streaming-video-services,review-2625.html