109 - 21 Ker V Illinois
109 - 21 Ker V Illinois
109 - 21 Ker V Illinois
FACTS
Ker was charged to have committed Larceny in Illinois. After the commission of the alleged
offense, he went to Peru.
The Governor of Illinois made his requisition to the Secretary of State of the US for a warrant
requesting the extradition of the defendant to Cook County by the Republic of Peru. The
resident of the US issued his warrant directed to a messenger (Julian), to receive Ker from the
authorities of Peru, in compliance with the treaty between the US and Peru. The messenger,
having the necessary papers, arrived in Lima, but, without presenting them to any officer of the
Peruvian government or making any demand on that government for the surrender of Ker,
forcibly and with violence arrested him, placed him on board the US vessel Essex in which he
was carried a prisoner to San Francisco, California.
The process of the criminal court was served upon him, and he was held to answer the
indictment already mentioned. Ker alleged that he was in fact kidnapped from Peru and brought
to the country against his will. According to him, he was also refused any opportunity for
communication with any person or seeking advice for legal assistance. He also claims that he
was denied due process because the abduction violated the US-Peru Extradition Treaty.
ISSUE
RULING
Due process of law is complied with when the party is regularly indicted by the proper grand jury
in the state court, has a trial according to the forms and modes prescribed for such trials, and
when in that trial and proceedings he isn’t deprived of rights to which he is lawfully entitled. For
mere irregularities in manner in which he was brought into the custody of the law, he isn’t
entitled to say that he shouldn’t be tried for the crime with which he is charged in a regular
indictment.
This treaty of extradition doesn’t provide that a party fleeing from the US to escape punishment
for crime becomes thereby entitled to an asylum in the country to which he has fled. It isn’t
contended that Peru couldn’t have ordered Ker out of the country on his arrival, or at any period
of his residence there. Nor can it be doubted that Peru could, of its own accord, without any
demand from the US, have surrendered Ker to an agent of Illinois, and this surrender would’ve
been valid within the dominions of Peru.
The right of the Peruvian government to voluntarily give a party, in Ker’s condition, an asylum in
that country is quite a different thing from his right to demand and insist upon security in such an
asylum. The treaty, so far as it regulates the right of asylum, is intended to limit this right in the
case of one who is proved to be a criminal fleeing from justice; so that, on proper demand and
proceedings had therein, the government of the country of the asylum shall deliver him up to the
country where the crime was committed. And to this extent, the treaty does regulate or impose a
restriction upon the right of the government of the country of the asylum to protect the criminal
from removal.
In this case, the treaty wasn’t called into operation or relied upon.