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    Scientific Investigation Grade 7

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    Anne Hazel Roldan
    Scientific inquiry is a process used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena and answer questions. It involves making observations and inferences, developing hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. The key steps are: 1) Making observations and developing hypotheses to explain the observations. 2) Designing controlled experiments to test the hypotheses, where some variables are changed deliberately while others are kept the same. 3) Analyzing the experimental data by organizing it into charts, graphs, and tables and drawing relationships between variables. 4) Drawing conclusions about whether the data supports or refutes the original hypotheses and communicating the results.

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    Scientific Investigation Grade 7

    Uploaded by

    Anne Hazel Roldan
    2K views4 pages
    Scientific inquiry is a process used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena and answer questions. It involves making observations and inferences, developing hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. The key steps are: 1) Making observations and developing hypotheses to explain the observations. 2) Designing controlled experiments to test the hypotheses, where some variables are changed deliberately while others are kept the same. 3) Analyzing the experimental data by organizing it into charts, graphs, and tables and drawing relationships between variables. 4) Drawing conclusions about whether the data supports or refutes the original hypotheses and communicating the results.

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    This lesson content if about scientific investigation

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    Scientific inquiry is a process used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena and answer questions. It involves making observations and inferences, developing hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. The key steps are: 1) Making observations and developing hypotheses to explain the observations. 2) Designing controlled experiments to test the hypotheses, where some variables are changed deliberately while others are kept the same. 3) Analyzing the experimental data by organizing it into charts, graphs, and tables and drawing relationships between variables. 4) Drawing conclusions about whether the data supports or refutes the original hypotheses and communicating the results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2K views4 pages

    Scientific Investigation Grade 7

    Uploaded by

    Anne Hazel Roldan
    Scientific inquiry is a process used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena and answer questions. It involves making observations and inferences, developing hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. The key steps are: 1) Making observations and developing hypotheses to explain the observations. 2) Designing controlled experiments to test the hypotheses, where some variables are changed deliberately while others are kept the same. 3) Analyzing the experimental data by organizing it into charts, graphs, and tables and drawing relationships between variables. 4) Drawing conclusions about whether the data supports or refutes the original hypotheses and communicating the results.

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    The key takeaways are that science involves making observations and inferences, developing hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions.

    The steps of the scientific method are: making observations, developing hypotheses, designing experiments to test hypotheses, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions.

    The different types of variables in an experiment are the independent variable, dependent variable, and constant variables.

    THINKING & WORKING LIKE A SCIENTIST 7TH GRADE

    What is Science?
    Science is the investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information
    that results from those investigations.

    Scientific Inquiry
     • When scientists conduct scientific investigations, they use scientific inquiry.
    • Scientific inquiry - a process that uses a variety of skills and tools to answer questions.
    • Scientists begin scientific inquiry with making observations and inferences
    • Empirical evidence is the cumulative body of observations of a natural phenomenon on which
    scientific explanations are based.

    I. Observation vs. Inference

    OBSERVATION – is a process of using one’s sense to gather information.


    Observation Inference
    • The act of using one or more of your senses to gather information and taking note of what
    occurs.

    TWO TYPES OF OBSERVATION:


    • Qualitative: Things you use your 5 senses to observe. What you see, feel, smell, taste, hear. Not
    expressed as a number and open to interpretation.
    • Quantitative: Measureable observations. Length, width, height, mass, speed, etc.(Expressed as a
    number) A logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or experience
    Example: Students who study for tests earn better scores!

    What is an example of a quantitative observation?  


    The Plant has white flowers The White flowers have a nice smell The plant is 15 CM TALL.
    The plant has small leaves.

    Question or Problem
    What are you trying to find out? Also called the Purpose Stated in the form of a question.
    II. Hypothesis
    • Hypothesis-a possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific
    investigations • It is based on research and previous knowledge
    • Often used to make a prediction which is a statement of what will happen next in a sequence of
    events.
    • “If______ Then “ statement.
    • Ex: If the soil is fertilized,then the growth rate of the tomatoes will increase.

    III. Testing a Hypothesis


    • Scientists test a hypothesis by doing one or more of these steps:
    • Designing a controlled experiment
    • Make a model
    • Gather and evaluate evidence or research
    • Collecting Data/Record Observations

    Designing a Controlled Experiment


    To design a controlled experiment, scientists identify factors that might affect the outcome of
    the experiment. Any factor that has more than one value is called a variable.

    Types of Variables
    Independent variable: The thing you are testing. The one and only variable you allow to
    change. Dependent Variable: What you measure to compare the results of your test. Should be
    able to be charted or graphed. Constant: The variables that you don’t allow to change. What stays
    the same in each test. Control: Used for comparison

    Which of these answers best describes a dependent variable?


    A. The things that stay the same from test A to test B to test C.
    B. The variable that is changes from test A to test B to test C.
    C. The thing that never changes
    D. the thing that you measure

    Writing Response
    Marshmallow Muscles Larry was told that a certain muscle cream was the newest best thing on the
    market and claims to double a person’s muscle power when used as part of a muscle-building
    workout. Interested in this product, he buys the special muscle cream and recruits Patrick and
    SpongeBob to help him with an experiment. Larry develops a special marshmallow weight-lifting
    program for Patrick and SpongeBob. He meets with them once every day for a period of 2 weeks
    and keeps track of their results. Before each session Patrick’s arms and back are lathered in the
    muscle cream, while Sponge Bob’s arms and back are lathered with the regular lotion.
    • Which person is in the control group?
    • What is the independent variable?
    • What is the dependent variable?
    • What should Larry’s conclusion be?

    Procedures
    Step by step instructions for how to conduct the testing. Should be detailed enough that
    someone else could follow them and do exactly what you did.(Replication) The experiment should
    be repeated at least five times for valid results. (Repetition)

    REPLICATION VS. REPETION


    Repetition (multiple trials) Replication (by others)
    Table 1: Plant Growth with TurboGroby Trial Dr. Square copied Dr. Groovy’s procedure and got
    similar results! The plants grew an average of 30 cm in 5 days! If scientific explanations are
    replicable, they are more valid and reliable.

    Recording Data
    Very careful record keeping is essential for valid results. Use charts or tables to organize
    data. Records measurements as well as observations and things you want to remember about
    what happened.

    IV. Analyze the Results


    What are your results? What does the data show? Create charts, tables, and graphs to
    represent all of your data. Perform any calculations that will help you determine what the results
    mean. (i.e. averages, percentages, totals) What are the possible sources of error? (i.e. inaccurate
    measurements, contamination, etc.)

    V. Draw Conclusions
    • Scientists draw conclusions based on relationships among their data; a conclusion is a summary
    of the information gained from testing a hypothesis.
    • What is the answer to your Question based on your results?
    • Was your hypothesis supported by your experimental results? Why or why not?
    • If you could do this experiment over again what would you do differently next time?
    • What other experiments could you do to further test this?
    Your results are not valid if . . . 
    They are based on opinions rather than data. You draw conclusions that don’t logically
    follow the evidence. Your sample size is too small or is biased.

    What do I do if my hypothesis is not supported by my


    experimental results? Recheck and Repeat! Then . . . . Check all the calculations and
    instruments used to measure. Repeat experiment at least 5 times. Start questioning again . . . .
    Why?? Revise your hypothesis and start experimenting again!

    RESULTS OF SCIENCE
    • A scientific investigation can result in:
    • New technology-practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for industrial or commercial use.
    • New materials, such as those developed by the space program.
    • New explanations as to why or how something occurs

    Models
    • A Model is a representation of an object, process, system, or event that is similar to the original
    object or idea.

    EXPERIMENT VS. OTHER FORMS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION


    Not all scientific knowledge is derived from experimentation
    • 1.Experiment– involves identification and control of variables
    • Independent variable/test variable/manipulated variable
    • Dependent variable/outcome variable/responding variable
    • Controlled variables
    3.Field Study – observe a natural habitat without manipulating variables
    2. Simulation– imitating a real situation or process
    VI. Verify the conclusion
    Before a conclusion is accepted, the experiment should be repeated using the same
    procedure and under the same conditions. If the results obtained do not vary with the previous
    findings, the conclusion is accepted.
    It is important to note that conclusions are based entirely on data gathered in the
    experiment and other related facts. Remember that conclusions hold true only in the light of
    present evidence that support them.

    VII. Communicate Result


    An important step in any scientific inquiry is communicating the results and conclusions to
    other scientists. Communicating is the sharing of ideas and experimental findings with others
    through writing and speaking.

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