Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDCUATION

K to 12 BASIC EDUCATION CURRICULUM

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

TEACHER’S GUIDE
 K to 12 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

HOME ECONOMIC – BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION

(Exploratory)

Exploratory Course on
BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Background Information

The Overall Goal of the K to 12 Curriculum ............................................................................................................................................. 3

The Conceptual Framework of the Teaching of TLE ................................................................................................................................ 3

The TLE Exploratory Courses.................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Time Allotment …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

The Learning Modules and Lessons .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

New Feature of the Teaching of TLE ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

About the Learning Module

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Design of the Module ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Parts of the Lesson .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

Reflection ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12

Curriculum Guide ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13

Teacher’s Guide for TLE Exploratory Course on Bread and Pastry Production

Introduction

This Teacher’s Guide is intended for you, the TLE teacher, who teaches any of the more than 24 TLE exploratory courses in the Grades 7 and
8 of the K to 12 curriculum. To ensure that you teach the TLE exploratory courses the way they were intended to be taught, you must see the big
picture of the K to 12 curriculum and the teaching of TLE. Some background information is necessary.

Background Information

1. The Overall Goal of the K to 12 Curriculum

The K to 12 Curriculum has as its overarching goal the holistic development of every Filipino learner with 21stcentury skills who is
adequately prepared for work, entrepreneurship, middle level skills development and higher education. The overarching goal of the K to 12
curriculum, tells you that the teaching of TLE plays a very important role in the realization of the overall goal of the curriculum. Whether or
not the K to 12 graduate is skilled and ready for work, entrepreneurship and middle skills development depend to a great extent on how
effectively you taught TLE.

2. The Conceptual Framework of the Teaching of TLE

Below is a schematic diagram of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) framework in general secondary schools. This should
guide you in the teaching of the TLE exploratory courses.

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Figure 1.TLE Framework

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The diagram shows that Technology and Livelihood Education encompasses the field of Home Economics, Industrial Arts, Agri-Fishery
Arts and ICT. The 24 TLE courses can be categorized under any of these fields.

TLE is geared towards the development of technological proficiency and is anchored on knowledge and information, entrepreneurial
concepts, process and delivery, work values and life skills. K to 12 TLE is one that…

a. is built on adequate mastery of knowledge and information, skills and processes, acquisition of right work values and life skills; b.
equips students with skills for lifelong learning; and
c. is founded on cognitive, behavioral or psychomotor and affective dimensions of human development.

The diagram likewise shows that entrepreneurial concepts also form part of the foundation of quality TLE. It is expected that your TLE
students, after using the Learning Module on Entrepreneurship, imbibe the entrepreneurial spirit and consequently set up their own
businesses in the areas of Agri-Fishery Arts, Industrial Arts, Home Economics, and Information and Communication Technology.

TLE by its nature is dominantly a skill subject and so you must engage your students in an experiential, contextualized, and authentic
teaching-learning process. It is a subject where your students learn best by doing. It is integrative in approach. For instance, it integrates
entrepreneurship with all the areas of TLE. It integrates concepts, skills and values.

3. The TLE Exploratory Courses

TLE in Grades 7 and 8 are exploratory in nature. Your school will choose at least 4 from the list of 24 courses for which 23 Learning
Modules have been prepared.1Your school’s choice is determined by the availability of its resources (faculty and facilities) as well as the
local needs and resources of the community.

The 24 TLE exploratory courses focus on four basic common competencies: 1) use and maintenance of tools and equipment; 2)
mensuration and calculation; 3) occupational health and safety procedures, and 4) preparation and interpretation of technical drawing. Why
are these competencies described basic? Because they are competencies that students must acquire in order that they can do higher level
competencies. They are also described common because these are true to all TR-based TLE courses.

1 There are 24 TLE courses but there are only 23 Learning Modules because there is only one Learning Module for Tailoring and Dressmaking.

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4. Time allotment for Technology and Livelihood Education is four hours per week.

The Learning Modules and Lessons

There is a Learning Module for each exploratory course. If there are 24exploratory courses then you have 24 Learning Modules in your hands.
But you will use 4 Modules only for the entire year in Grade 7 and another 4 Modules in Grade 8. In these exploratory courses, you are expected to
integrate Income Generating Projects (IGP) to help your students earn while they learn.
Each Learning Module consists of 4 to 5 Lessons 2. The Lessons are focused on the 4 to 5 common competencies. To avoid meaningless
repetition of the teaching of the 5 common competencies, we have to teach them in the context of the TLE course. For example, you teach “use and
maintenance of tools” in beauty care when you are teaching the course on Beauty Care. You teach the same competencies - use and maintenance of
tools-in Bread and Pastry Production but in the context of Bread and Pastry Production and so your tools will not be entirely the same. Definitely, there
are some tools that are common to all the courses.

New Feature on the Teaching of TLE

What’s new in the teaching of TLE in the K to 12 curriculum? In the K to 12 curriculum, the TLE courses are taught based on the learning
outcomes and performance criteria stated on the Training Regulations (TR) from Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).
They are TR-based.

Why is this necessary? To prepare the K to 12 graduate for lucrative work, he/she must earn a National Certificate (NC) I, II or even an NC of
a higher level that is required by industries. This he/she earns after passing an assessment given by TESDA.

2 Some Learning Modules combined use and maintenance of tools to make one Lesson, so the number of Lessons amount to 4; others made separate Lessons for use of tools and
for maintenance of tools, thus the total is 5 Lessons.

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How can you ensure that the K to 12 high school student (Grade 9 to 12) pass TESDA assessment and obtain an NC? By seeing to it
that you teach the TLE course in accordance with the performance criteria and learning outcomes laid down in the TESDA Training Regulations.

Do the exploratory courses enable the high school student to earn already an NC? Not yet. Completion of the exploratory courses may
not yet qualify a high school student to take an assessment for an NC. Instead, it helps him/her earn a Certificate of Competency (COC) at least in
Grade 9 that will lead eventually him/her to an NC. In short, the COC paves the way to the earning of an NC.

Student’s choice of TLE specialization begins in Grade 9. After having been exposed to an array of TLE courses during the exploratory phase
in the first two years, the student will be most benefited, if in Grades 10, 11, or 12 he/she continues with a TLE course in which he/she already has a
COC. In that way, he/she will get an NC faster.

About the Learning Module

1. Design of the Module

a. The Module is designed to be a teacher-assisted learning kit or a self-learning kit on competencies that a Grade 7 TLE ought to
possess. It explores the course on Aquaculture which helps your student earn a Certificate of Competency in Grade 9 which
leads to a National Certificate Level I / II (NCI / II) in Grades 10, 11 or 12.

b. The Learning Module is made up of 4 to 5 Lessons based on the competencies. Each Lesson contains the following: 1)
Learning Outcomes
2) Performance Standards
3) Materials/Resources
4) Definition of Terms
5) What Do You Already Know?
6) What Do You Need to Know?
7) How Much Have You Learned?
8) How Do You Apply What You Learned?

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9) What Is Your Score?
10) References

There are some TLE Modules which have a section on “How Do You Extend Your Learning?” This section is meant for enrichment. It is
usually given as an assignment for not everything can be taught and done in the classroom given the limited time.

c. The Self-check given after the pretest and information sheet/s can also serve as the posttest of the lesson.

2. Parts of the Lesson. -The following explain the parts of each Lesson and describe what your students’- as well as your tasks are.

Part of the Lesson Students’ Task Teacher’s Task

1. Learning outcomes are what your TLE Students acquaint themselves with the learning You introduce the learning outcomes to your
student is supposed to know and be able to outcomes and performance standards and students and make sure that they understand
do after using the module. Since our TLE make them their personal goals. them and make these learning targets their
courses are TR-based, all learning own.
outcomes are lifted from the TESDA TR. In
the Curriculum Guide (the matrix which Make these your goals for instruction.
contains Content Standard, Performance
Standard, Learning Competencies,
Projects/Activities, Assessment, Duration),
the identified Learning Outcomes are
written in the column of Learning
Competencies.
2. Performance Standards are referred to as Students clearly understand the performance You introduce the performance standards to
“performance criteria” in the TESDA TR. standards and make them their own learning your students and make sure that they
They are more specific descriptions of the goals. understand them and make these performance
student’s behavior that serve as evidence standards their own.

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that the expected learning outcomes have
been realized with the expected level of Let these standards give your lesson its specific
proficiency or in accordance with direction.
established standards.

The learning outcomes and performance

standards set the direction of your lessons.
These are what you should teach and, in
turn, what you should assess. They are
identified and are written for you in the
Curriculum Guide.

3. Materials/Resources and References To Get to know the materials. They are part of the Prepare the materials you need in advance. For
teach effectively, you need materials and Lesson. gadget, tool or equipment, it is always wise to
references. Materials may include prepare, check and try them in advance to
equipment, hand tools or consumables. By all means, read the references for lesson ensure that they function when you use them.
The references are the books, magazines, mastery. As the saying goes “forewarned is forearmed.”
articles, websites you yourself and your
students will read or refer to in order to Be resourceful in the preparation of materials.
gain greater understanding of the lesson. You are strongly encouraged to use appropriate
They are either in soft copy or hard copy. local materials as substitute for listed materials
that are not available.

For effective teaching, your lesson preparation

should include reading the list of references.

Do not limit yourself to the list of references. If

you discover good reference material/s, add to
the list of references.

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Introduce the references to your students.

Motivate them to read these references as they
go through the module for mastery of the
lesson.
4. The definition of terms and acronyms will Refer to the definition of terms for greater Remind your students to refer to the definition
help you understand the meaning of key understanding of the lesson. of terms and acronyms for clearer
words in your lesson. Defining key words understanding of the lesson.
as they are used in your lesson will ensure
that the key terms in your lesson mean one
and the same for everyone in class and so
avoid misunderstanding.

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5. The section “What Do You Already Know” Take the test honestly. Tell your students to accomplish the pretest.
is intended to determine entry knowledge Ask your students to use a separate sheet of
and skills of your students to find out if you Check answers against the answer key paper for their answers. Explain that the
have to teach the lesson, teach some parts provided. purpose of the pretest is to find out how much
of the lesson or skip it entirely because they already know about the lesson in order to
your students already know it. This is done determine your next steps. It is, therefore,
by way of a pretest. necessary that they take the test honestly, if
they want to learn or want to be helped.

Make it clear to them that their scores will not

be recorded for grading purposes and will not
be taken against them.

If you find out that your students already know

what you are about to teach, logic dictates that
you do not need to teach it anymore. You may
as well proceed to the next lesson. If, however,

you find out that they do not yet know what you
are about to teach, then by all means teach. Or
if you discover that your students have some
erroneous concepts, then teach and correct their
misconceptions. To know what your students
already know and do not yet know will guide you
in adjusting your instruction.

This means that you always start your lesson

presentation with the results of the pretest
because you are going to teach them what

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they do not yet know and correct whatever
wrong concepts they have at the beginning of
the lesson.
6. “What Do You Need To Know?”- This Read and understand the Information Sheet/s Make sure students are engaged in reading the
section contains one or more Information and /or Operation Sheet. Information Sheet/Observation Sheet and in
Sheets and for some modules an Operation answering the self-check.
Sheet. These are important notes for the Be prepared For a Self-check which serves as a
TLE student to read after which he/she is posttest. Give assistance to your students where needed.
asked to do a Self-check to determine how
much he/she has learned. Correct answers by referring to the answer key.
The self-check functions as a pretest.
7. “How Do You Apply What You Do the Activity. Find a way to test real life application of what
Learned?” – In this section, you give your your students have learned.
student the opportunity to transfer what To determine level of performance, use the
he/she has learned in another activity or in scoring rubrics or check answers against the Do not hesitate to use ways of determining how
real life situation. Ideally, this should be a answer key, whichever is applicable. your students can apply learned facts and
performance test, what you usually call concepts which are more authentic and realistic
practical test. If “the proof of the pudding is Reflect on assessment results. than that/those given in the Module.
in the eating”, then your student must be
able to apply what she/he learned in reallife Reflect on assessment results. Use assessment
setting or must be able to come up with a results in planning the next steps for instruction.
product as an evidence of learning.
8. How Do You Extend Your Learning? – Do the task assigned outside class hours. Motivate the students to do the task by making
As the word implies, this activity is done clear what the enrichment activity is about –why
outside class hours for enrichment it is given, how it is done, how it relates to the
purposes. This can reinforce lesson class lesson .
mastery.

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Reflection

It is a good habit to reflect on your teaching for the day – what went well, what did not go well, why this activity went well with this group, why it
didn’t work well with the other group. What are your realizations? What are lessons learned? Jot them down in your diary. Commit them to your
memory. If you do this consistently, you will find your delivery improve substantially.

Curriculum Guide for the Exploratory Course on Bread and Pastry Production

For you to get a complete picture of the complete TLE exploratory course on Bread and Pastry Production, you are hereby provided with the
Curriculum Guide on Bread and Pastry Production.
Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
LESSON 1: USE OF TOOLS AND BAKERY EQUIPMENT

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Demonstrate understanding
of/on:

• Baking tools and 1. Baking tools and LO1. Prepare 1. Familiarizing and • Written 4 hours
equipment, their uses equipment are identified tools and classifying different Test
• Classification of tools based on their uses. equipment baking tools and • Perform
for specific equipment and their ance on
and equipment
baking uses. the
purposes. 2. Operate an oven classific
ation of
tools

Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
LESSON 2: PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
Demonstrate understanding
of/on:

 Standard table of Standard table of weights LO1.Familiarize Written 2hours

weights and and measures are oneself with examina
measures identified and applied. the table of tion
weights and
measures in
baking

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 Conversion/ Accurate conversion/ LO2. Apply 1. Calculating of Performanc

substitution of substitution of weights basic ingredients using eon 2hours
weights and measure and measures are mathematical fundamental conversi
performed. operations in operations. on of
calculating weights
weights and and
measure
measures.
s

 Proper measuring of 1. Reading of LO3. Measure dry 1. Performing the proper  Demonstr 4 hours
ingredients measurements is and liquid measuring of liquid ation
practiced with ingredients and dry ingredients
accuracy. accurately

Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
LESSON 3: MAINTAIN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

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Demonstrate understanding
of/on:

 Classification of 1. Tools and equipment are LO1. Check 1. Testing for the • Direct 4 hours
functional and identified according to condition of accuracy, observat
nonfunctional tools classification/specification tools and functionality, and ion
and job requirements. equipment. usefulness of the • Written
2. Non-functional tools and delivered tools and test
equipment are segregated materials.
and labeled according to 2. Classifying functional
classification. and non-functional
3. Safety of tools and tools and equipment
equipment are observed and repairing of
in accordance with defective tools.
manufacturer’s
instructions.

• Types and uses of 1. Tools and equipment are LO2. Perform 1. Practicing the proper • Direct 4 hours
cleaning materials / maintained according to basic cleaning of tools observat
disinfectants preventive maintenance preventive ion
• Preventive schedule or maintenanc • Written
maintenance manufacturer’s e. test
techniques and specifications.
procedures. 2. Tools are cleaned in
• Occupational Health accordance with standard
and Safety Center procedures.

Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies

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(OSHC) workplace 3. Work place is cleaned and
regulations kept in safe state in
line with OSHC
regulations.

 Proper storage of Tools and equipment are LO3. Store tools 1. Storing, safe keeping, • Written 4 hours
tools and equipment stored in safely and and labeling of tools test
accordance with equipment and equipment based /questio
manufacturer’s on manufacturer’s ning
specifications or company requirements. • Perform
procedures. ance
test

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Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
LESSON 4: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
Demonstrate understanding
of/on:

• Hazards and risks 1. Workplace hazards LO1. Identify 1. PowerPoint Written test 4 hours
identification and and risks are identified hazards presentation on
control and clearly explained. and risks hazards and risks.
• Occupational Health 2. Hazards/Risks and 2. Making posters of
and Safety (OHS) their corresponding warning signs on
indicators indicators are identified dangerous and
• Personal hygiene and in line with company risky areas.
proper hand washing procedures. 3. Labeling toxic
3. Contingency measures chemicals and their
are recognized and safe keeping.
established in
accordance with
organizational
procedures.

Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
 Philippine OHS 1. Effects of hazards are LO2. Evaluate 1. Film viewing on the Written 4 hours
Standards determined. hazards effects of hazard risks. examination
 Effects of hazards in 2. OHS issues and concerns and risks 2. Visiting people in the
the workplace are identified in workplace and
accordance with interviewing personnel.

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workplace requirements
and relevant workplace
OHS legislation.
 Safety Regulations 1. In dealing with workplace LO3. Control 1. Familiarizing oneself Written Test 4 hours
 Clean Air Act accidents, fire and hazards with the locations of
Electrical and Fire emergencies are followed and risks emergency or fire exits
 in accordance with the and first aid kit.
Safety Code
Waste management organization’s OHS 2. Showing the proper
 policies. use of Personal
Contingency
 2. Personal protective Protective Equipment
Measures and
equipment for controlling (PPE).
Procedures
hazards is correctly used 3. Practicing proper
in accordance with segregation
organization’s OHS techniques
procedures and risks are
strictly followed.
Learning
Content Standard Performance Standard Project/ Activities Assessment Duration
Competencies
 Operational health 1. Procedures in emergency LO4. Maintain 1. Emergency drills on Written 4 hours
and safety procedure, related drill are strictly occupation fire and earthquakes examina
practices and followed in line with the al health and performing first aid tion
regulations established organization and safety measures on hazards.
 Emergency-related guidelines and awareness 2. Simulation in giving
drills and training procedures. first aid
2. OHS personal records are
filled up in accordance
with workplace
requirements.

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40 hours

“By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is
easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.”

- Confucius

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