Advanced Research Methods and Seminars: By: Fikreselam Gared (PHD)

Title: Advanced Research Methods and Seminars
Advanced Research Methods and Seminars

By: Fikreselam Gared(PhD)
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Outline
1 Objectives
2 Definition of Research
3 Types of Research
4 Research Methods and Methodology
5 Scientific Research
6 Scientific Research phase

Objectives
Objectives
To help students:
To know criteria for scientific research
To provide essential elements of research methodology
To write a critical review of the relevant literature
To identify a research problem and process
To get presentation skills both in written and oral
To know the way to disseminate research outputs

Objectives
Objective of the Course
The course introduce the essential aspects of proposing,

designing, conducting and reporting on research works.
Objectives
Prepare Yourself Psychologically
Is being a top student enough?
Neither necessary nor sufficient
Do you know your intellectual or mental limit?
Ready for failures?
Are you extremely motivated?
All you need is passion

Objectives
Objectives
Air Plane Inventor

Definition of Research
What is Research?
There is a vast body of knowledge at present in almost ev-

ery discipline in the form of :-
X literature
X art
X culture
Humans still need much more knowledge.
Needs to overcome existing and emerging challenging prob-

lems in society, business, technology, the environment, etc
Our knowledge of the universe is always incomplete

The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English:-
A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search

for a new facts in any branch of knowledge.
The Merriam - Webster Online Dictionary:
A studious inquiry or examination; especially investigation

or experimentation aimed at:-
X the discovery and interpretation of facts
X revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts
X practical application of such new or revised theories or laws
Research is the systematic investigation of situation or

problem into existing or new knowledge.
So research is used to:-
X found or confirm facts,
X solve new or existing problems,
X support theorems, or develop new theories
Summary for Definition of Research
Research is an art of investigation of new and innovative

aspects of any branch of knowledge.
Research is also defined as search for knowledge through

objective and systematic method of finding solution to a
problem or developing foundational theory
Types of Research
Types of Research
Types of Research
Types of Research
Research Towards Solution of Problems
1 Evaluative:-Selecting best solution among the existing
2 Developmental:-Best solution than any available.
Example:- ”Event Detection and Tracking in Social Streams”

propose and develop robust event detection algorithm for
social network analysis.
Types of Research
Types of Research
Motor’s speed controller

1 PI controller
2 PID controller
3 Fuzzy controller
4 PI-Fuzzy controller
5 PI-PID- Fuzzy controller
6 Others
Types of Research
Research further be subdivided into three sub classes:

1) Survey study
This research or study method does not go into the depth

of the issue (problem & solution).
It generates useful preliminary findings on the problems and

possible means of solutions that may then be utilized as
hints for full researches that intend to go to deep and broad
researches.
Types of Research
2) Case study
problems and means of solutions are studied in depth but

for a narrow scope of the problem and coverage at hand.
Example: propose and develop robust event detection al-

gorithm for Facebook.
3) Comparative method/study
To identify better or best means/solution under certain con-

ditions among existing ones by comparative analysis method.
Metrics and/or weighted parameters against which the over-

all comparison among alternatives could be considered.
Types of Research
1 Event Detection and Tracking in Social Streams

Event detection Algorithm
X Augmented Group Average Clustering
X Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm
X Single link clustering algorithms
X Label-Based clustering algorithms
2 A Comparative study of Fault Tolerance Techniques in

Cloud Computing
Types of Research
Research Methods and Methodology

Methods and Techniques
Research methods:- all techniques that are used for con-

duction of research.
Techniques Instruments in performing research operations
such as:-
X making observations,
X recording data,
X the way data is extracted from experiment or simulation
X processing data and the like.
Methods refer to the behavior and instruments used in se-

lecting and constructing research technique.
Method is more general and generates techniques

Tools
Tools: Physical and/ or conceptual instruments that are

used in scientific and technical works.
X Mathematical symbols
X Systems
X Computers
Methodology
Methodology : scientific method
The way to systematically solve the research problem is

research methodology.
Methodology...
It is necessary to know not only the research methods/techniques

but also the methodology.
Research methodology has many dimensions and research

methods do constitute a part of the research methodology.
The scope of research methodology is wider than that of

research methods.
Methodology...
When we talk of research methodology we talk:

X how to develop certain tests,
X which of these methods or techniques are relevant and which
are not (consider the logic behind the methods ),
X why we are using a particular method or technique and why
we are not using others,
X how to apply particular research techniques,
X what would they mean and indicate and why.
First described by the English philosopher and scientist Roger

Bacon in the 13th century, it is still generally agreed that the
scientific method is the basis for all scientific investigation
Errors for did not follow the Scientific Method
In 1949 ”Computers in the future may weigh no more than

1.5 tons. (the first in 1947 ,30 tons)
In 1989 = never 32 bits OS (launched in 1993)

Scientific Research
Scientific Research
Scientific research is the process of inquiry in which we:
1 Pose a question about the physical world
2 Develop a set of procedures using the rational process that

if followed, would convincingly answer that question
3 Plan to make appropriate observations
4 Rationally interpret observation to arrive at a conclusion.

Scientific Research
Research criteria /characteristics of scientific method
1 Empirical
decisions are based on concrete data
Evidence based approach
Scientific decisions are made based on the data derived
from direct observation and experiments
2 Observation
Aware of surrounding and making careful measurements.
A keen eye to surroundings can often provide many ideas
Scientific Research
3 Question
After getting a research idea (from making observations),
the next step in the research process involves:
Translating the research idea into an answerable question.
4 Hypothesis
Are the researchers attempt to explain the phenomenon be-
ing studied, and that explanation should involve a prediction
about the variables being studied.
Predictions are then tested by gathering and analyzing data,
and the hypotheses can either be supported or refused on
the basis of the data.
Scientific Research
3 Question
After getting a research idea (from making observations),
the next step in the research process involves:
Translating the research idea into an answerable question.
4 Hypothesis
Are the researchers attempt to explain the phenomenon be-
ing studied, and that explanation should involve a prediction
about the variables being studied.
Predictions are then tested by gathering and analyzing data,
and the hypotheses can either be supported or refused on
the basis of the data.
Scientific Research
Hypothesis is tentative solution for the problem.
Hypothesis is testable
Hypothesis may or may not correct.

Scientific Research
Discussions with colleagues and experts about the problem
Review of similar studies in the area or of the studies on

similar problems;
Scientific Research
Null Hypothesis (H0 ) versus alternative hypothesis (Ha )

Null Hypothesis
No statistical significance between the two variables
Researcher is trying to disprove it
Relationship is due to chance
Example: Eating chocolate has no impact on running
temperature.
Scientific Research
Alternative hypothesis (Ha )

Statistical significance between the two variables
Researcher is trying to approve it
Relationship is not due to chance
If Ha is accepted H0 is rejected
Example: Eating chocolate has impact on running
temperature.
Scientific Research
5 Experiment
After articulating the hypothesis, the next step involves con-
ducting the experiment (or research study).
6 Analysis
After conducting the study and gathering the data, the next
step involves analyzing the data.
Scientific Research
Scientific Research
Scientific Research
Comparison between different models based on error

tolerance criteria in cloud computing
Scientific Research
7 Conclusion
After analyzing the data, you are now in a position to draw
some conclusions about the results of the study.
Scientific Research
Conclusion
There are a number of fault tolerant techniques in the cloud,

which prepare various fault tolerance mechanisms by increasing
the reliability of the system. Also, these techniques represent a
major role in providing service availability to the user. But there
are still some issues and deficiencies that must be considered
for each framework. There are debility/weakness that none of
them can complete all aspects of the faults.
Scientific Research
8 Replication
means conducting the same research study a second time
with another group of participants to see whether the same
results are obtained.
If the results of a research is replicated reduce chance of
error.
Scientific Research
Good Academic Research
Sufficient data sources
Appropriate data sources
Accurately recorded
Properly analyzed
No hidden assumption
Conclusion well-founded
Properly presented
Scientific Research
Characteristics of a Good researcher
Prepared and open mind
Broad interests in several areas
Capacity for hard work
Desire to know the truth
Ability to learn from mistakes of the past or others
Positive attitude and faith in scientific method

Scientific Research phase
It is not distinct stages
1 Formulating the problem

2 Constructing the model

3 Testing the model

3 Testing the model
4 Derive solution from the model

3 Testing the model
5 Test and control the solution

3 Testing the model
5 Test and control the solution
6 Implement the solution


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Title: Advanced Research Methods and Seminars

Advanced Research Methods and Seminars

Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering

4 Research Methods and Methodology

6 Scientific Research phase

To know criteria for scientific research

To provide essential elements of research methodology

To write a critical review of the relevant literature

To identify a research problem and process

To get presentation skills both in written and oral

To know the way to disseminate research outputs

Objective of the Course

The course introduce the essential aspects of proposing,

Prepare Yourself Psychologically

Is being a top student enough?

Neither necessary nor sufficient

Do you know your intellectual or mental limit?

Ready for failures?

Are you extremely motivated?

All you need is passion

Air Plane Inventor

There is a vast body of knowledge at present in almost ev-

Humans still need much more knowledge.

Needs to overcome existing and emerging challenging prob-

Our knowledge of the universe is always incomplete

The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English:-

A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search

The Merriam - Webster Online Dictionary:

A studious inquiry or examination; especially investigation

Research is the systematic investigation of situation or

Summary for Definition of Research

Research is an art of investigation of new and innovative

Research is also defined as search for knowledge through

Research Towards Solution of Problems

1 Evaluative:-Selecting best solution among the existing

2 Developmental:-Best solution than any available.

Example:- ”Event Detection and Tracking in Social Streams”

Motor’s speed controller

Research further be subdivided into three sub classes:

This research or study method does not go into the depth

It generates useful preliminary findings on the problems and

problems and means of solutions are studied in depth but

Example: propose and develop robust event detection al-

To identify better or best means/solution under certain con-

Metrics and/or weighted parameters against which the over-

1 Event Detection and Tracking in Social Streams

2 A Comparative study of Fault Tolerance Techniques in

Research Methods and Methodology

Research methods:- all techniques that are used for con-

Methods refer to the behavior and instruments used in se-

Method is more general and generates techniques

Tools: Physical and/ or conceptual instruments that are

Methodology : scientific method

The way to systematically solve the research problem is

It is necessary to know not only the research methods/techniques

Research methodology has many dimensions and research

The scope of research methodology is wider than that of

When we talk of research methodology we talk: