Three Phase Uncontrolled Rectifiers

Power Electronics
Poly Phase Uncontrolled

Rectifiers
Dr. Firas Obeidat
1
Table of contents
• Three Phase Uncontrolled Half Wave Rectifiers

1
• Three –Phase Full-Wave Uncontrolled Bridge

Rectifier
2
• Six-phase Star Rectifier

3
2
Dr. Firas Obeidat Faculty of Engineering Philadelphia University
Three Phase Uncontrolled Half Wave Rectifiers
A basic three-phase half-wave
rectifier circuit with resistive load is
shown in Figure. The rectifier is fed
from an ideal 3–phase supply through
delta–star 3-phase transformer.
The principle of operation of this convertor can be explained

as follows:
• The diode in a particular phase conducts during the period when the
voltage on that phase is higher than that on the other two phases. For
example: from π/6 to 5π/6, D1 has a more positive voltage at its
anode, in this period D2 and D3 are off. The neutral wire provides a
return path to the load current.
• The conduction sequence is: D1 ,D2, D3.
It is clear that, unlike the single-phase rectifier circuit, the conduction

angle of each diode is 2π/3, instead of π.
3
4
Variation of voltage across Diode D1
Voltage variation across diode D1 can be obtained by applying KVL to the loop
consisting of diode D1, Phase ‘a’ winding and load R.
So, -VD1 -Vo + Va = 0 or VD1 = Va – Vo

When Diode D1 conduct:
Vo = Va
Therefore , VD1 = Va – Va = 0
When diode D2 conduct :
Vo = Vb
Therefore , VD1 = Va – Vb
At 𝜔t = 180⁰, Vb=0.866Vmp , Va = 0 VD1 = - 0.866Vmp
At 𝜔t = 210⁰, Vb= Vmp , Va = -0.5Vmp VD1 = -1.5Vmp
At 𝜔t = 240⁰, Vb=0.866Vmp , Va = -0.866Vmp VD1 = - √3Vmp
At 𝜔t = 270⁰, Vb=0.5Vmp , Va = -Vmp VD1 = -1.5Vmp
5
Variation of voltage across Diode D1
When Diode D3 conducts :

VD1= Va - Vc
At 𝜔t = 300⁰, Va=-0.866 Vmp , Vc=0.866Vmp VD1=-√3Vmp
At 𝜔t = 330⁰, Va=-0.5Vmp , Vc =Vmp VD1=-1.5Vmp
At 𝜔t = 360⁰, Va=0 , Vc=0.866Vmp VD1=-0.866Vmp
At 𝜔t = 390⁰, Va= 0.5Vmp , Vc=0.5Vmp VD1=0
D3 D1 D2 D3
6
Let
𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 𝑉𝑚 sin𝜔t 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-2π/3) 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-4π/3)
The dc component of the output voltage is the average value, and load current is
the resistor voltage divided by resistance.
5𝜋/6
3 3 3𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = = 0.827𝑉𝑚
2𝜋 2π
𝜋/6
3 3𝑉𝑚 0.827𝑉𝑚
𝐼𝑑𝑐 = =
2π𝑅 𝑅
The rms value of the output voltage and current are
5𝜋/6
3 0.84𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = (𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡)2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = 0.84𝑉𝑚 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
2𝜋 𝑅
𝜋/6
The rms current in each transformer secondary winding can also be found as
5𝜋/6
1
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = (𝐼𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡)2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = 0.485𝐼𝑚
2𝜋
𝜋/6
7
Three Phase Full-Wave Uncontrolled Bridge Rectifier
Three-phase rectifiers are
commonly used in industry to
produce a dc voltage and current
for large loads. The three-phase
voltage source is balanced and
has phase sequence a-b-c.
Some basic observations about the circuit are as follows:

• Kirchhoff’s voltage law around any path shows that only one diode
in the top half of the bridge may conduct at one time (D1, D3, or D5).
The diode that is conducting will have its anode connected to the
phase voltage that is highest at that instant.
• Kirchhoff’s voltage law also shows that only one diode in the bottom
half of the bridge may conduct at one time (D2, D4, or D6). The diode
that is conducting will have its cathode connected to the phase
voltage that is lowest at that instant.
• D1 and D4 cannot conduct at the same time. Similarly, D3 and D6

cannot conduct simultaneously, nor can D5 and D2.
8
Some basic observations about the circuit are as follows:
• The output voltage across the load is one of the line-to-line

voltages of the source. For example, when D1 and D2 are ON,
the output voltage is vac. Furthermore, the diodes that are ON
are determined by which line-to-line voltage is the highest at
that instant. For example, when vac is the highest line-to-line
voltage, the output is vac.
• There are six combinations of line-to-line voltages (three

phases taken two at a time). Considering one period of the
source to be 360o, a transition of the highest line-to-line voltage
must take place every 360o/6=60o. Because of the six transitions
that occur for each period of the source voltage, the circuit is
called a six-pulse rectifier.
• The fundamental frequency of the output voltage is 6𝜔, where

𝜔 is the frequency of the three-phase source.
9
The figures shows the phase voltages and
the resulting combinations of line-to-line
voltages from a balanced three-phase
source and the current in each of the
bridge diodes for a resistive load.
The diodes conduct in pairs (6,1), (1,2),

(2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6), (6,1), . . . . Diodes
turn on in the sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, . . .
The current in a conducting diode is the

same as the load current. To determine the
current in each phase of the source,
Kirchhoff’s current law is applied at nodes
a, b, and c,
10
Let
𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 𝑉𝑚 sin𝜔t 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-2π/3) 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-4π/3)
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎𝑛 − 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t+π/6)
𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 𝑉𝑏𝑛 − 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-π/2)
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 𝑉𝑐𝑛 − 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-7π/6)

The dc component of the output voltage is the average value, and load current is
the resistor voltage divided by resistance.
𝜋/2 𝜋/2
3 3
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t+π/6) 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = 3𝑉𝑚 (sin𝜔t cosπ/6+cos𝜔t sinπ/6)𝑑𝜔𝑡
𝜋 𝜋
𝜋/6 𝜋/6
𝜋/2
3 3 1 3 3𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 3𝑉𝑚 ( sin𝜔t + cos𝜔t)𝑑𝜔𝑡 = = 1.654𝑉𝑚
𝜋 2 2 π
𝜋/6
𝑉𝑚
𝐼𝑑𝑐 = 1.654
𝑅
The average power is 𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝑑𝑐
11
The rms value of the output voltage is
𝜋/2
3
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = ( 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡−π/6))2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = 1.655𝑉𝑚
𝜋
𝜋/6
The rms current in each phase can also be found as
𝐼 𝑎,𝑏,𝑐 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.78𝐼𝑚
The rms current through a diode is:
𝐼 𝐷 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.552𝐼𝑚
Where
𝐼𝑚 = 1.73𝑉𝑚 /𝑅
12
Six-phase Star Rectifier
The six-phase voltages on the secondary are
obtained by means of a center-tapped
arrangement on a star-connected three
phase winding.
The diode in a particular phase conducts

during the period when the voltage on that
phase is higher than that on the other
phases. The conduction angle of each diode
is π/3.
Currents flow in only one rectifying element

at a time, resulting in a low average current,
but a high peak to an average current ratio
in the diodes.
Six-phase star circuit is attractive in

applications which require a low ripple
factor and a common cathode or anode for
the rectifiers.
13
Six-phase Star Rectifier
The average value of the output voltage can be found as
The rms of the output voltage can be found as

2𝜋/3
3 3 𝜋 3
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = (𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡)2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 ( + ) = 0.956𝑉𝑚
𝜋 𝜋 6 4
𝜋/3
The rms current in each transformer secondary winding can also be found as
1 𝜋 3
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼𝑚 ( + ) = 0.396𝐼𝑚
2𝜋 6 4
Where
𝑉𝑚
𝐼𝑚 =
𝑅
14
15

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Power Electronics

Poly Phase Uncontrolled

Dr. Firas Obeidat

• Three Phase Uncontrolled Half Wave Rectifiers

• Three –Phase Full-Wave Uncontrolled Bridge

• Six-phase Star Rectifier

The principle of operation of this convertor can be explained

It is clear that, unlike the single-phase rectifier circuit, the conduction

So, -VD1 -Vo + Va = 0 or VD1 = Va – Vo

When Diode D3 conducts :

At 𝜔t = 330⁰, Va=-0.5Vmp , Vc =Vmp VD1=-1.5Vmp

At 𝜔t = 360⁰, Va=0 , Vc=0.866Vmp VD1=-0.866Vmp

At 𝜔t = 390⁰, Va= 0.5Vmp , Vc=0.5Vmp VD1=0

The rms value of the output voltage and current are

Some basic observations about the circuit are as follows:

• D1 and D4 cannot conduct at the same time. Similarly, D3 and D6

Some basic observations about the circuit are as follows:

• The output voltage across the load is one of the line-to-line

• There are six combinations of line-to-line voltages (three

• The fundamental frequency of the output voltage is 6𝜔, where

The diodes conduct in pairs (6,1), (1,2),

The current in a conducting diode is the

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎𝑛 − 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t+π/6)

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 𝑉𝑏𝑛 − 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-π/2)

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 𝑉𝑐𝑛 − 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔t-7π/6)

The rms current in each phase can also be found as

𝐼 𝑎,𝑏,𝑐 𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.78𝐼𝑚

The rms current through a diode is:

The diode in a particular phase conducts

Currents flow in only one rectifying element

Six-phase star circuit is attractive in

The rms of the output voltage can be found as

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