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    UPSC Civil Services Examination: UPSC Notes (GS-I) Topic: Quit India Movement (NCERT Notes)

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    Abhijeet Jha
    The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai. He called for the British to quit India immediately. In response, the British arrested Gandhi and other Congress leaders, declared the Congress unlawful, and violently suppressed protests across the country. Over 100,000 people were arrested and approximately 10,000 died during the movement. Though leadership was disrupted, the movement demonstrated strong public demand for independence and independence became the top agenda of the freedom struggle.

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    UPSC Civil Services Examination: UPSC Notes (GS-I) Topic: Quit India Movement (NCERT Notes)

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    Abhijeet Jha
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    The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai. He called for the British to quit India immediately. In response, the British arrested Gandhi and other Congress leaders, declared the Congress unlawful, and violently suppressed protests across the country. Over 100,000 people were arrested and approximately 10,000 died during the movement. Though leadership was disrupted, the movement demonstrated strong public demand for independence and independence became the top agenda of the freedom struggle.

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    The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai. He called for the British to quit India immediately. In response, the British arrested Gandhi and other Congress leaders, declared the Congress unlawful, and violently suppressed protests across the country. Over 100,000 people were arrested and approximately 10,000 died during the movement. Though leadership was disrupted, the movement demonstrated strong public demand for independence and independence became the top agenda of the freedom struggle.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views3 pages

    UPSC Civil Services Examination: UPSC Notes (GS-I) Topic: Quit India Movement (NCERT Notes)

    Uploaded by

    Abhijeet Jha
    The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai. He called for the British to quit India immediately. In response, the British arrested Gandhi and other Congress leaders, declared the Congress unlawful, and violently suppressed protests across the country. Over 100,000 people were arrested and approximately 10,000 died during the movement. Though leadership was disrupted, the movement demonstrated strong public demand for independence and independence became the top agenda of the freedom struggle.

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    UPSC Civil Services Examination

    UPSC Notes [GS-I]

    Topic: Quit India Movement (NCERT Notes)


    Mumbai’s Gowalia Tank Maidan also known as August Kranti Maidan is the place where the quit India
    movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi. He along with other leaders gathered here on August 8 and
    9, 1942.
    The outcome of the movement was that Congress was declared an unlawful association and its offices all
    over the country were raided. The leaders were arrested and there rose a chaotic moment with this incident.
    This article gives you the Quit India Movement summary, factors responsible for Quit India Movement and
    other notes relevant for UPSC and other government exams.

    Quit India Movement Facts


    Facts

     Also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.


     It was officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) led by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August
    1942.
     The movement gave the slogans ‘Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo’. Gandhi gave the slogan to the
    people – ‘Do or die’.
     In line with the Congress ideology, it was supposed to be a peaceful non-violent movement aimed at
    urging the British to grant India independence.
     The Quit India Resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August 1942 in
    Bombay. Gandhi was named the movement’s leader.
     The resolution stated the provisions of the movement as:

    1. An immediate end to British rule over India.


    2. Declaration of the commitment of free India to defend itself against all kinds of imperialism and
    fascism.
    3. Formation of a provisional government of India after British withdrawal.
    4. Sanctioning a civil disobedience movement against British rule.

     Gandhi’s instructions to various sections of the public:

    1. Government servants: do not resign your job but proclaim loyalty to the INC.
    2. Soldiers: be with the army but refrain from firing on compatriots.
    3. Peasants: pay the agreed-upon rent if the landlords/Zamindars are anti-government; if they are
    pro-government, do not pay the rent.
    4. Students: can leave studies if they are confident enough.
    5. Princes: support the people and accept the sovereignty of them.
    6. People of the princely states: support the ruler only if he is anti-government; declare themselves
    as part of the Indian nation.
    Causes of Quit India Movement
    Why was it launched?

     The Second World War had started in 1939 and Japan, which was part of the Axis Powers that were
    opposed to the British in the war were gaining onto the north-eastern frontiers of India.
     The British had abandoned their territories in South-East Asia and had left their population in the
    lurch. This act did not garner much faith among the Indian population who had doubts about the
    British ability to defend India against Axis aggression.
     Gandhi also believed that if the British left India, Japan would not have enough reason to invade
    India.
     Apart from hearing news about British setbacks in the war, the war-time difficulties such as high
    prices of essential commodities fostered resentment against the British government.
     The failure of the Cripps Mission to guarantee any kind of a constitutional remedy to India’s
    problems also led to the INC calling for a mass civil disobedience movement.

    Response

     The British government responded to the call of Gandhi by arresting all major Congress leaders the
    very next day. Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, etc. were all arrested. This left the movement in the hands of
    the younger leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Ram Manohar Lohia. New leaders like Aruna
    Asaf Ali emerged out of the vacuum of leadership.
     Over 100000 people were arrested in connection with this movement. The government resorted to
    violence in order to quell the agitation. They were mass floggings and lathi charges. Even women
    and children were not spared. About 10000 people died in police firing in total.
     There was no communal violence.
     The INC was banned. Its leaders were jailed for almost the whole of the war. Gandhi was released
    on health grounds in 1944.
     The people responded to Gandhi’s call in a major way. However, in the absence of leadership, there
    were stray incidences of violence and damage to government property. Many buildings were set on
    fire, electricity lines were cut and communication and transport lines were broken.
     Some parties did not support the movement. There was opposition from the Muslim League, the
    Communist Party of India (the government revoked the ban on the party then) and the Hindu
    Mahasabha.
     The League was not in favour of the British leaving India without partitioning the country first. In fact,
    Jinnah asked more Muslims to enlist in the army to fight the war.
     The Communist party supported the war waged by the British since they were allied with the Soviet
    Union.
     Subhas Chandra Bose, was by this time, organizing the Indian National Army and the Azad Hind
    government from outside the country.
     C Rajagopalachari, resigned from the INC since he was not in favour of complete independence.
     In general, the Indian bureaucracy did not support the Quit India Movement.
     There were strikes and demonstrations all over the country. Despite the communist group’s lack of
    support to the movement, workers provided support by not working in the factories.
     In some places, parallel governments were also set up. Example: Ballia, Tamluk, Satara.
     The chief areas of the movement were UP, Bihar, Maharashtra, Midnapore, and Karnataka. The
    movement lasted till 1944.

    Importance of Quit India Movement


    Significance/what it achieved?

     Despite heavy-handed suppression by the government, the people were unfazed and continued their
    struggle.
     Even though the government said that independence could be granted only after the end of the war,
    the movement drove home the point that India could not be governed without the support of the
    Indians.
     The movement placed the demand for complete independence at the top agenda of the freedom
    movement.
     Public morale and anti-British sentiment were enhanced.

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