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    Emulsions: Compositions

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    Oula Hatahet
    Emulsions are heterogeneous systems where one liquid is dispersed in another in the form of small droplets, usually exceeding 0.1 micrometers. They consist of an internal dispersed phase within an external continuous phase, stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Emulsions can be liquids or semisolids and are used for oral, topical, rectal, and parenteral administration of drugs. Common emulsion types include oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-oil. Emulsifying agents such as polysaccharides, synthetic surfactants, and fatty acid esters are used to stabilize the emulsion by reducing inter

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    Emulsions: Compositions

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    Oula Hatahet
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    Emulsions are heterogeneous systems where one liquid is dispersed in another in the form of small droplets, usually exceeding 0.1 micrometers. They consist of an internal dispersed phase within an external continuous phase, stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Emulsions can be liquids or semisolids and are used for oral, topical, rectal, and parenteral administration of drugs. Common emulsion types include oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-oil. Emulsifying agents such as polysaccharides, synthetic surfactants, and fatty acid esters are used to stabilize the emulsion by reducing inter

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    Emulsions are heterogeneous systems where one liquid is dispersed in another in the form of small droplets, usually exceeding 0.1 micrometers. They consist of an internal dispersed phase within an external continuous phase, stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Emulsions can be liquids or semisolids and are used for oral, topical, rectal, and parenteral administration of drugs. Common emulsion types include oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-oil. Emulsifying agents such as polysaccharides, synthetic surfactants, and fatty acid esters are used to stabilize the emulsion by reducing inter

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views4 pages

    Emulsions: Compositions

    Uploaded by

    Oula Hatahet
    Emulsions are heterogeneous systems where one liquid is dispersed in another in the form of small droplets, usually exceeding 0.1 micrometers. They consist of an internal dispersed phase within an external continuous phase, stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Emulsions can be liquids or semisolids and are used for oral, topical, rectal, and parenteral administration of drugs. Common emulsion types include oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-oil. Emulsifying agents such as polysaccharides, synthetic surfactants, and fatty acid esters are used to stabilize the emulsion by reducing inter

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Emulsions

    Heterogenous systems of one liquid dispersed throughout another in the


    form of droplets usually exceeding 0.1 micrometre in diameter.

    An emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of


    small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is
    immiscible.

    Compositions
    Internal/Discontinuous/Dispersed phase.
    External/Continuous phase.
    Emulsifying agent.

    Forms
    Liquids
    Semisolids.

    Applications:
    1- For oral, topical, rectal administration for oils and oil soluble drugs.
    2- To allow the combination of oil and water soluble drugs in one
    formulation.
    3- To enhance the taste of oily substances given orally.
    4- To enhance absorption of oil soluble substances through the
    intestinal barrier (griseofulvin).
    5- For intramuscularadministration of some water soluble vaccines
    allowing slow release and leading to a more efficient and prolonged
    immunity.
    6- For parenteral nutrition.

    Emulsion Types
    1. oil-in-water (o/w)
    2. water-in-oil (w/o)
    3. water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w)
    4. oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o)

    Based on size of liquid droplets


    0.2 –50 mm Macroemulsions (Kinetically Stable)
    0.01 –0.2 mm Microemulsions (Thermodynamically Stable)
    Choice of Emulsion Types
     Fats or oils for oral administration:o/w is formed to mask unpleasant
    taste
     For i.v. administration:o/w, w/o
     For external application:
    - o/w for water soluble drugs ,easily wash from skin ,non greasy
    texture.
    - w/o: occlusive effect influence the:
     absorption of drugs.
     cleansing skin.
     moisturizing creams (designed to prevent moisture loss from
    skin).

    Formulation of Emulsions:
    Emulsifying agents
    must be present at the interface to prevent coalescence of the internal
    phase:
     To reduce the interfacial tension.
     To be interfacial barrier (most influence onemulsion stability)
    - increase viscosity of continuous phase.
    - energy barrierthe electric double layer.
    1- natural surfactant:
    A- polysaccharides: acacia, tragacanth.
    Polysaccharides
    - i.e. acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate anionic.
    stabilize o/w (internal)
    forming a strong multimolecular film (hydrophilic barrier) round oil
    globule.
    B-Synthetic polysaccharides:
    - to reduce batch to batch variation.
    - as o/w emulsifiers or stabilizer.
    - i.e. MC (nonionic), CMC (anionic).
    C- Sterol-containing substances
    - Beeswax: beeswax-borax
    - Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin)
    fatty alcohol with FA esters of cholesterol and other sterols
    form w/o.
    2- Synthetic surfactant:
    A- Anions: sodium stearate, calcium oleate, triethanolamineoleate, SLS.
    B- Cations: cetrimide, benzalconium chloride.
    C- Non ionic: glycerol, glycerol esters, sorbitan esters (spans),
    polysorbate (tweens).
    The other formulation additives
    1. Preservatives: MP:PP 10:1
    2. Antioxidants: BHT, BHA etc.
    3. Humectants: propylene glycol, glycerol,sorbitol

    Mineral oil is a mixture of refined liquid saturated aliphatic (C14–C18)


    and cyclic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.

    Sorbitan Esters (Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters)


    Span 20: SorbitanMonolaurate
    Span 40: SorbitanMonopalmitate
    Span 60: SorbitanMonostearate
    Span 80: SorbitanMonooleate

    Struture of Span 20: SorbitanMonolaurate.

    Polysorbate: PolyoxyethyleneSorbitan Fatty Acid Esters.

    Tween 20 : Polyoxyethylene 20 SorbitanMonolaurate.

    Tween 40: Polyoxyethylene 20 SorbitanMonopalmitate

    Tween 60: Polyoxyethylene 20 SorbitanMonostearate

    Tween 80: Polyoxyethylene 20 Sorbitan Mono-oleate

    20 moles of ethylene oxide for each mole of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides.
    1- Mineral oil emulsion O/W

    Material Name Quantity Function


    Mineral oil ml 500 API, oily phase
    )liquid paraffin(
    Acacia g 125 Emulsifying agent
    Syrup ml 100 sweetener
    Vanillin mg 40 Flavor
    Alcohol ml 60 Co-solvent
    Water q.s to 1000 ml Solvent, External phase

    Mineral oil- liquid paraffin- paraffin oil:


    is a mixture of refined liquid saturated aliphatic (C14– C18) and cyclic hydrocarbons
    obtained from petroleum.

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