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    Ordcirclesoln1998 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Graham Moore
    (1) The circle C with centre (0,0) passes through (4,-3), so its radius is 5. Point (6,-1) lies outside C since its distance from the centre is greater than the radius. (2) The circle K has centre (3,-2) and radius 5. It intersects the x-axis at (-2,0) and (8,0). (3) The line y=(3x+10) is tangent to the circle x^2 + y^2 = 10 at point (-3,1). The equation of the parallel tangent is 3x - y - 10 = 0.

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    Ordcirclesoln1998 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Graham Moore
    60 views3 pages
    (1) The circle C with centre (0,0) passes through (4,-3), so its radius is 5. Point (6,-1) lies outside C since its distance from the centre is greater than the radius. (2) The circle K has centre (3,-2) and radius 5. It intersects the x-axis at (-2,0) and (8,0). (3) The line y=(3x+10) is tangent to the circle x^2 + y^2 = 10 at point (-3,1). The equation of the parallel tangent is 3x - y - 10 = 0.

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    (1) The circle C with centre (0,0) passes through (4,-3), so its radius is 5. Point (6,-1) lies outside C since its distance from the centre is greater than the radius. (2) The circle K has centre (3,-2) and radius 5. It intersects the x-axis at (-2,0) and (8,0). (3) The line y=(3x+10) is tangent to the circle x^2 + y^2 = 10 at point (-3,1). The equation of the parallel tangent is 3x - y - 10 = 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views3 pages

    Ordcirclesoln1998 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Graham Moore
    (1) The circle C with centre (0,0) passes through (4,-3), so its radius is 5. Point (6,-1) lies outside C since its distance from the centre is greater than the radius. (2) The circle K has centre (3,-2) and radius 5. It intersects the x-axis at (-2,0) and (8,0). (3) The line y=(3x+10) is tangent to the circle x^2 + y^2 = 10 at point (-3,1). The equation of the parallel tangent is 3x - y - 10 = 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    THE CIRCLE (Q 3, PAPER 2)

    1998
    3 (a) A circle C, with centre (0, 0), passes through the point (4, − 3).
    (i) Find the length of the radius of C.

    (ii) Show, by calculation, that the point (6, − 1) lies outside C.

    (b) The equation of the circle K is ( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 29.


    (i) Write down the radius length and the coordinates of the centre of K.

    (ii) Find the coordinates of the two points where K intersects the x-axis.

    (c) The line with equation 3 x − y + 10 = 0 is a tangent to the circle which has
    equation x 2 + y 2 = 10.
    (i) Find the coordinates of a, the point at which the line touches the circle.

    (ii) The origin is the midpoint of [ab].


    Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at b.
    SOLUTION
    3 (a) (i)
    d = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 ....... 1 b(x2, y2)
    d
    The distance between a and b is written as ab .
    REMEMBER THE DISTANCE FORMULA AS: a(x1, y1)

    d = (Difference in x′s ) 2 + (Difference in y ′s ) 2

    (0, 0) (4, − 3) r = (4 − 0) 2 + (−3 − 0) 2 (4, -3)


    C r
    ↓↓ ↓ ↓
    x1 y1 x2 y2 ⇒ r = (4) 2 + (−3) 2 = 16 + 9 (0, 0)
    ∴ r = 25 = 5

    3 (a) (ii)
    You can show that the distance d from the centre (0, 0) to (6, − 1) is greater than the radius.

    (0, 0) (6, − 1) d = (6 − 0) 2 + (−1 − 0) 2


    ↓↓ ↓ ↓
    x1 y1 x2 y2 ⇒ d = (6) 2 + (−1) 2 = 36 + 1
    ∴ d = 37
    d > r as 37 > 25.
    3 (b) (i)
    Circle C with centre (h, k), radius r.
    ( x − h) 2 + ( y − k ) 2 = r 2 ....... 2
    To get the centre: Change the sign of the number inside each bracket.
    To get the radius: Take the square root of the number on the right.

    K : ( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 29
    Centre (3, − 2), r = 29
    3 (b) (ii) TO FIND OUT WHERE THE CIRCLE, C, CROSSES THE x-AXIS:
    Set y = 0 in the circle equation.
    TO FIND OUT WHERE THE CIRCLE, C, CROSSES THE y-AXIS:
    Set x = 0 in the circle equation.

    y = 0 ⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + (0 + 2) 2 = 29
    ⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + (2) 2 = 29
    ⇒ ( x − 3) 2 + 4 = 29
    ⇒ ( x − 3) 2 = 25
    ⇒ ( x − 3) = ±5
    ∴ x = −2, 8
    ∴ (−2, 0), (8, 0) are the x-intercepts.

    3 (c) (i) FINDING THE POINT OF CONTACT BETWEEN A TANGENT AND A CIRCLE:
    STEPS
    1. Isolate x or y using equation of the line.
    2. Substitute into the equation of the circle and solve the resulting
    quadratic.

    PROOF THAT A LINE IS A TANGENT TO A CIRCLE: When you solve the


    quadratic only one answer is obtained, i.e. one point of contact.

    1. 3 x − y + 10 = 0 ⇒ y = (3 x + 10)
    2. x 2 + y 2 = 10
    ⇒ x 2 + (3 x + 10) 2 = 10
    100 = 10
    ⇒ x 2 + 9 x 2 + 60 x +1
    ⇒ 10 x 2 + 60 x + 90 = 0
    ⇒ x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
    ⇒ ( x + 3)( x + 3) = 0
    ∴ x = −3 ⇒ y = 3(−3) + 10 = −9 + 10 = 1
    ∴ a(−3, 1) is the point of contact.
    3 (c) (ii)

    FINDING A PARALLEL TANGENT TO A CIRCLE:


    A tangent to a circle, T1, has a parallel tangent, T2,
    o
    on the other side of the circle. The centre, o, is q p
    the midpoint of their points of contact, p and q.
    The slopes of the two tangents are the same.
    T2 C T1

    To find the point of contact of the parallel tangent, find


    the image of (−3, 1) by a central symmetry through the
    centre (0, 0).
    +3
    (0, 0)
    -1 b(3, -1) a(-3, 1)
    a(-3, 1) (0, 0) b(3, -1)
    +3

    -1
    a (−3, 1) → (0, 0) → b(3, − 1)

    Find the slope of the tangent with equation 3 x − y + 10 = 0.

    GENERAL FORM OF A STRAIGHT LINE


    Every straight line can be written in the form: ax + by + c = 0.
    You can read off the slope of a straight line from its equation.

    Slope: m = − ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ....... 5
    a
    ⎝b⎠

    ⎛ Number in front of x ⎞
    REMEMBER IT AS: Slope m = − ⎜ ⎟
    ⎝ Number in front of y ⎠

    Therefore, the slope of the tangent: m = + 13 = 3

    Parallel lines have the same slope.

    Equation of parallel tangent: Point ( x1 , y1 ) = b(3, − 1), m = 3

    The equation of a line is a formula satisfied by every point (x, y) on the line.

    Equation of a line: y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) ....... 4

    y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
    ⇒ y − (−1) = 3( x − 3)
    ⇒ y + 1 = 3x − 9
    ∴ 3 x − y − 10 = 0

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