Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College

Taytay, Rizal

S.Y. 2018-2019

RICE HUSK ASH AND COCONUT FIBERS AS FLOOD ABSORBENT

CONCRETE

An Investigatory Project

Presented to

The Faculty of Junior High School

Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College

Taytay, Rizal

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Basic Research

Members:

Benito, Jehnn Audrie D.C.

Candelaria III, Oscar S.

Marquez, Jashlein Leanne T.

Penides, Rozly Kim G.

Repollo, Bea Louisa L.

March 2019
 APPROVAL SHEET

This basic research entitled “Rice Hush Ash and Coconut Fibers

Concrete” of Benito, Jehnn Audrie D.C., Candelaria III, Oscar S., Marquez,

Jashlein Leanne T., Penides, Rozly Kim G., and Repollo, Bea Louisa L.

which was prepared and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the Basic Research.

Date: March 2019

MR. JON ORLENE U. SISON

Basic Research

Teacher

MS. JOCELYN Z. RONDILLA

School Principal

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Jon Orlene Sison, our basic

research teacher, for helping and guiding us in this research. We would also like

to thank ourselves for giving our best to complete this research and to thank God

for leading us to make this experiment done well.

JADCB

OSCIII

JLTM

RKGP

BLLR

iii
 DEDICATION

This study is dedicated to our teachers, schoolmates and especially for

the people who lie in the low-level areas for they always have the problem of the

overflowing rainwater occurs in their area.

This is also dedicated to our Basic Research Teacher, Mr. Jon Orlene U.

Sison, who taught and guided us as we go on through this experiment and for

our parents who supported us financially while doing this research.

Lastly, this study is dedicated to God who gave us the strength, wisdom,

and knowledge to this research.

JADCB

OSCIII

JLTM

RKGP

BLLR
iv
 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the rice husk ash and

coconut fibers as flood absorbent concrete. We used rice husk ash and coconut

fibers for it contain substances that will make the product more useful and to

overhauled the durability of a normal concrete. 30 of the students from 7-

Sampaguita served as our respondents for this experiment.

The materials we used were: rice husk and rice husk ash, coconut fibers,

cement, water, and a clean container to mold the cement well.

This study shows the effectiveness of rice husk ash and coconut fibers as

flood absorbent concrete. According to the experiment, the said research can be

substituted as concrete to lessen rainwater from land.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

CHAPTERS

I. THE ROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1

Setting of the Study 3

Statement of the Problem 6

Scope and Limitations 7

Significance of the Study 8

Hypothesis of the Study 9

Definition of Terms 10

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature 11

Summary of Review of Related Literature 16

Conceptual Frame Work 17

vi
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 19

Sample and Sampling Technique 20

Research Instrument 20

Data Collection Procedure 20

Statistical Treatment 21

Process of Extraction 22

IV. ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 23

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 28

BIBLIOGRAPHY 33

APPENDICES

Survey Questionnaire 34

Request Letter 36

Curriculum Vitae 37

vii
List of Tables

Table 1 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE 23

GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS

Table 2 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE 24

AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Table 3 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF WELL 24

RATED ABSORPTION PROCESS OF THE

CEMENT WITH RICE HUSK ASH AND

COCONUT FIBERS

Table 4 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE 25

AVERAGE PERCENT OF THE ABSORPTION

PROCESS OF THE PRODUCT

Table 5 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE 26

TEXTURE OF THE CEMENT WITH RICE

HUSK ASH AND COCONUT FIBERS

Table 6 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFICENCE 26

OF THE PRODUCT COMPARE TO NORMAL

CONCRETE

Table 7 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE 27

PREFERABLE TIME OF ABSORPTION OF

THE PRODUCT THAN TO A NORMAL ONE

Table 8 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE RATE 27

OF HOW PREFERABLE THE PRODUCT

viii
List of Figures

Figure 1 Conceptual Frame Work 17

Figure 2 Process of Extraction 22

ix
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Waste materials such as rice husk and coconut fibers have great potential

to be used as building materials. Most of the rice husk are disposed with no

further concern and this has caused waste disposal problems. Burning rice husk

can cause health and environmental problem. Due to climate change’s effects,

researchers have been inspired on looking for nature’s friendly way to help to

protect and save the environment by inventing a natural flood absorbing

concretes with the use of this waste materials. For this kind of matter, utilization

of waste materials as alternative crafting or building materials has become the

most popular way to overcome the environmental problem in most developing

countries such as the Philippines.

Rice husk ash has been widely used for concrete technology application

as additive in concrete mixture because rice husk ash’s high silica content has

pozzolanic behavior that helps to strengthen concretes.

As for coconut fibers, it is extracted from the outermost shell of a coconut.

Coconut fibers, extracted from the husk of coconuts, were cheap and locally

available in many tropical and semitropical countries. The common name,

scientific name, and plant family of coconut fiber were coir, cocos nucifera and

arecaceae. There were two types of coconut fibers: brown fiber which are

extracted from matured coconuts and white fibers which are extracted from

immature coconuts.

x
 It is believed that coconut fibers are capable of taking strain 4-6 times as

compared to other natural fibers. Whilst saying all of this, the potential of using

coconut fibers to enrich the performance of concrete materials have caught the

attention of other researchers in the past few years. Previous researches proved

that coconut fiber and rice husk ash exhibits a strong water absorptive

mechanism.

xi
Setting of the study

Map of Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College

School History

July 1, 1946 saw the birth of Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College. It is

the realization of a long-cherished dream of a group of men and women who saw

the vast opportunities of service, undaunted by the multifarious obstacles that lie

in wait. It was a labor of love for these men and women vision, courage and

determination who forged on where others of lesser stuff would have faltered.

Armed with the faith of a Moses, the ambition of a Napoleon and the courage of

David, these men and women pooled their meager resources together and

started a molehill of a school that slowly but consistently inched its way to what it

is now – a mountain of an institution very much committed to the total

development of the youth and the nation’s development goals.

xii
 Seventy two (72) years later, JSMJC is now considered the citadel of

learning and culture in the province of Rizal. The magnitude of service JSMJC

has rendered is truly beyond measure as evidenced by the vast number of

students, who have passed its portals and who are now among the front liners in

business, arts, industries, and in the professions.

It is an active member of RIPRISA (Rizal Private Schools Association Inc.)

and NAPSPHIL (National Alliance of Private Schools Philippines) and PAPSCU

(Philippine association of Private Colleges and Universities). It is also certified

ESC participating school under the Fund for Assistance to Private Education

(FAPE). This means JSMJC has complied with the standards and has satisfied

all policies and requirements set by the Department of Education. As a recipient

of the ESC program, JSMJC can better serve the community with the financial

assistance from the government.

On February 23, 2018, JSMJC also passed the ISO stage 2 Audit on

Design and Delivery of K to 12 Curriculum, making our beloved alma mater an

ISO certified school.

The school now holds the distinction of being the premier private

secondary school in Taytay and its neighboring towns. Presently, the

indefatigable Dr. Reynaldo D. Faustino serves as the school Director with Ms.

Jocelyn Z. Rondilla as its dedicated Principal.

This research is done by Grade 9-Gold of Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior

College in Taytay, Rizal. It shows the other usage of waste materials such as rice

husk ash and coconut fibers regarding on its power in strengthen concretes.

xiii
 In this research, it tackles the time of absorption of excess water in land; it

shows the effectiveness of cement with these materials as absorbing concrete;

and it also helps people to know how to lessen pollution to save the environment.

xiv
Statement of the problem

The effectiveness of cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers in

fastening absorption of water.

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the gender of the respondent:

2. What is the age of the respondent:

3. Does cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers absorb well:

4. What do you think is the average percent of the absorption process of this

product:

5. What is the texture of the cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers:

6. Do you think this product is more beneficial than a normal concrete:

7. Do you think absorption time of this product is more preferable than the

time consumed by a normal concrete:

8. Compare to the normal concrete, how can you rate it preferable:

xv
Scope and limitations

This study focuses on how rice husk ash and coconut fibers fasten the

absorption of the overflowing of water due to heavy rainfall.

This study was on the evaluation of 30 students of 7 - Sampaguita, 21 of

them are boys and the remaining 9 are girls.

This study will only focus on how we can prove the effectiveness of a

cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers as flood absorbent concrete.

xvi
Significance of the study

This study will provide knowledge on how rice husk ash and coconut fibers

fasten the process of absorbing rainwater in land. This study will also provide

new perspective towards the importance of waste material such as rice husk ash

and coconut fibers. The result of the study will prevent drainage of canals. It is

also significant to the following:

Students - This research will help students to gain more

knowledge about this topic.

Teachers - This research will help teachers to have ideas

about this study that they can share to others.

Parents - This research will help parents to have further

knowledge about rice husk ash and coconut

fibers’ other benefit.

Entrepreneurs - This research will help entrepreneurs to gain

income by overhauling normal concretes with

the use of the combination of cement, rice husk

ash and coconut fibers.

Engineers - This research will help engineers to have idea

about this product for them to have better

production.

Future Researchers - This research will help future researchers to

have basis for their future experiments.

xvii
Hypothesis of the study

The following hypothesis are expected result of this study.

Null hypothesis

Absorption time of cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers does not

have difference with a normal concrete.

Alternative hypothesis

Cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers are effective as flood

absorbent concrete.

Cause and Effect Hypothesis

If the concrete has a mixture of cement with rice husk ash and coconut

fibers, then the absorption time of rainwater will be more preferable than a

normal concrete.

xviii
Definition of Terms

Silica -A hard, unreactive, colorless compound

that occurs as the mineral quartz and as

a principal constituent of sandstone and

other rocks.

Pozzolanic -Consisting of, containing or of the

nature of pozzolana

Pozzolana -A siliceous volcanic ash used to

produce hydraulic cement; or any of

various powdered substances that react

with lime to form strengthening or

enhancing compounds in cement.

Coir -Fiber from the outer husk of the

coconut, used for making ropes and

matting.

Cocos Nucifera -Tall palm tree bearing coconuts as

fruits; widely planted throughout the

tropics.

Arecaceae -A botanical family of perennial plants.

Their growth form can be climbers,

shrubs, trees and stemless plants, all

commonly known as palms.

xix
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies from both local and

foreign sources. This also includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization,

conclusions, and others. Those that were included in this chapter help in

familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

Foreign Literature

M. Jamil et al. in May 2013 experimentally studied the Pozzolanic

contribution of rice husk ash in cementitious system. Replacement percentages

of RHA used in various previous studies were chosen arbitrarily like 5%, 10%,

and 20% and so on to determine the total effect of RHA. But the unique filler

effect or pozzolanic effect of RHA in cementitious system was yet to be

investigated comprehensively by the scientific community. The study was carried

out to find the maximum pozzolanic (chemical) contribution of RHA in

cementitious system in terms of replacement percentage. The determination was

analytical and based on the hydration reaction of cement and the pozzolanic

reaction of RHA with the hydration product. They achieved 42.5N/mm2

compressive strength at 20% Replacement compared to 37.1 N/mm2

Compressive strength of normal concrete.

xx
 Ade Sri Wahyuni et al. in December 2014 carried out an experimental

research on the performance of concrete with rice husk ash, sea shell ash and

bamboo fiber addition. The aim of that research was to investigate the tensile

strength of concrete with 0.50% addition of bamboo fiber based on cement

weight. To increase the strength of concrete, the mixture of rice husk ash (RHA)

and sea shell ash (SSA) was used as partial replacement of fine aggregate. Their

replaced was divided into four different percentages namely 10%, 20%, 30% and

40% based on the weight of fine aggregate. The experimental work consisted of

casting 13 different types of concrete to be compared in term of splitting tensile

strength at the age of 28 and 90 days. In general, the tensile strength of bamboo

fiber reinforced concrete is comparable to that of Normal Concrete. It was clear

from the graph that the tensile strength of 20% replaced by RHA was higher than

that of normal concrete by age of 28 days.

Divya chopra in 2014 experimentally studied about Strength, permeability

and microstructure of self-compacting concrete containing rice husk ash. Self-

compacting concrete (SCC) was characterized by deformability and segregation

resistance. It flows under its own weight while remaining homogeneous in

composition. The effect of replaced cement content with rice husk ash (RHA) as

supplementary cementitious materials (SCM's) in SCC and observing fresh flow

(slump flow, V-Funnel, U-box, L-Flow), mechanical strength (compressive and

split tensile) and durability properties (porosity and rapid chloride permeability

test) at 7, 28 and 56 d. Concrete specimens were prepared with 0,10, 15 and

20% RHA replace cement. 20% RHA replaced showed minimum specified

xxi
workability. An increase of about 25% strength at 7 d, 33% at 28 d and 36% at 56

d was observed with RHA content of 15% RHA replacement. The inclusion of

RHA as partial replaced to cement improved the strength properties and

durability properties that remained within limits up to 20% replaced.

S.N. Raman et al. in December 2010 carried out an experimental research

on high-strength rice husk ash concrete incorporating quarry dust as a partial

substitute for sand. The experimental work undertaken to evaluate the suitability

of quarry dust as a partial substitute for sand in high-strength concrete (HSC)

containing rice husk ash (RHA). Two grades of HSC mixes, to achieve 60 MPa

and 70 MPa at 28 days, were designed with and without the incorporation of

RHA. Quarry dust was then used in the mixes containing RHA as a partial

substitute for sand, in quantities ranging from 10% to 40%. They achieved

compressive strength higher at 10% replacement compared to compressive

strength of normal concrete. Similarly, 10% RHA was used to replace the cement

in the remaining mixes with mixes contains quarry dust as a replacement for

sand at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively decrease the compressive

strength then use only RHA.

Hwang Chao-Lung et al. in 2011 carried out the research work on effect of

rice husk ash on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. The work

investigated the effects of adding residual rice husk ash (RHA) from South

Vietnam, generated when burning rice husk pellets in the boiler, to cement. To

improve pozzolanic reactivity, RHA was ground for 1 h. The non-ground RHA

and ground RHA were used to test strength activity index according to ASTM

xxii
C311. The properties of the concrete were investigated, including compressive

strength, concrete electrical resistivity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Results

showed that the non-ground RHA can be applied as a pozzolanic material.

Decreasing the non-ground RHA average particle size provides a positive effect

on the compressive strength of mortar.

Compressive strength of cylindrical concrete in the 47–66 MPa range was

obtained in this study. The results also indicated that up to 20% of ground RHA

could be advantageously blended with cement without adversely affecting the

strength and durability properties of concrete. The achieved compressive

strength 66 N/mm2 AT 10% Replaced compared to 56 N/mm2 Compressive

strength of normal concrete. Same replaced RHA but increase w/b ratio result

decrease strength.

Local Literature

Jenea Zolaey S. Carig et al. in 2015 of Department of Civil Engineering,

College of Engineering, Adamson University, Manila, Philippines, carried out the

research work on Utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Partial Replacement to

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in Thermal Resistant Concrete Hollow Blocks

(CHB). The research shows that RHA is a potential partial replacement to OPC

for Non-Load Bearing Concrete Hollow Blocks. X-Ray Fluorescence

spectrometry analysis was carried out to determine the silica content of RHA in

conformance to ASTM C 618. RHA was used as a partial replacement to

ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in non-load bearing concrete hollow block.

Partial replacements of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume were considered for

xxiii
the optimum mix ratio of RHA replacement to OPC. The CHB samples are then

tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and thermal conductivity.

Result shows that the compressive strength and water absorption test results at

the 28th day period passed the Philippine National Standard (PNS).

Consequently, 15% RHA substitute achieved the best thermal performance with

a thermal conductivity rating of 0.3190 W/m. K.

They used Rice husk (RH) from a milling site in Simimbaan, Roxas, Isabela,

cement was just an Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), sand were both from

LAFARGE Philippines and a potable water free from organic matter as their

materials.

Eugene V. Laruan et al. in 2013 carried out the research work on

Compressive Strengths of Concrete Hollow Blocks Using Rice Husk Ash. They

used concrete hollow blocks with a conventional, 80% Ordinary Portland cement-

20% Rice husk ash, and 60% Ordinary Portland cement-40% Rice husk ash

mixtures. These following mixtures as components of hollow blocks were tested

to determine whether they significantly vary in terms of compressive strength of

the produced blocks. The researchers investigated the possibility of using rice

husk ash in reducing the amount of cement in making concrete hollow blocks.

The mixtures classified as a standard 1:8 mix proportion, one part of cement to

eight parts of sand in a different mixtures of Ordinary Portland Cement and Rice

Husk Ash. Three sets of mixture with fifteen samples for each were made for a

grand total of 45 samples. Furthermore, concrete hollow blocks containing 40%

rice husk ash were not good enough to be used as load or non-load bearing

xxiv
partition concrete hollow blocks but blocks containing 20% rice husk ash were

suitable for use as non-load bearing partition. This study proved that concrete

hollow blocks containing 20 percent rice husk ash only could be used for non-

load bearing partitions. The study revealed that as the percentage of rice husk

ash in the mix was increased, the compressive strength of concrete hollow

blocks decreased.

xxv
Summary of Review of Related Literature

A review of related literature is a summary of early studies that have

relation to our research. This contains a definitive connection of previous studies

with the present that results to a revelatory document that is needed to back up

the whole study that we are conducting.

We got 7 related studies from our research – five foreign studies and two

local studies. In foreign, some of the studies tackled about the Pozzolanic

contribution of rice husk ash in cementitious system; The performance of

concrete with rice husk ash, sea shell ash and bamboo fiber addition; Strength,

permeability and microstructure of self-compacting concrete containing rice husk

ash; The high-strength rice husk ash concrete incorporating quarry dust as a

partial substitute for sand; And the effect of rice husk ash on the strength and

durability characteristics of concrete. For local, we gathered studies such as

about the research work on Utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Partial

Replacement to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in Thermal Resistant Concrete

Hollow Blocks (CHB) and the Compressive Strengths of Concrete Hollow Blocks

Using Rice Husk Ash.

These studies proved that rice husk ash and coconut fibers have the

substances that truly can help to solve some of the problems that areas may

face. The concrete made out of rice husk ash and coconut fibers absorbs

rainwater in land shorter than the normal time that a normal concrete may

consume. This study will help people to exert lesser time on removing excess

xxvi
 water inside their houses caused by heavy rainfall and to prevent the drainage of

canals.

Conceptual Frame Work

This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of rice husk ash and

coconut fibers as flood absorbent concrete.

Input Process Output

Preparing and
Materials for rice The effectiveness of
measuring of the
husk ash and count rice husk ash and
materials needed
fibers as flood coconut fibers as

absorbent concrete: Mixing the cement flood absorbent

- Rice husk ash with rice husk ash concrete.

- Coconut fibers and coconut fibers

Potent of rice husk
- Cement powder
Pouring the mixed ash and coconut
- Water
ingredients to a clean fibers as a materials
- Clean Molder
molder for fastening the

absorption time of
Letting the product sit
rainwater from land.
for 48 hours then

remove it from the

molder

Figure 1

xxvii
Conceptual Frame Work showing the effectiveness of rice husk ash and coconut

fibers as flood absorbent concrete

The researchers made use of the input-process-output model

representation in Figure 1 to show the whole process of the experimental

research.

The first frame shows the input of the ingredients used, the second one

shows the process in making the concrete made out of rice husk ash and

coconut fibers and the last frame shows the output of the product.

xxviii
 Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the methodology used in this research. The

geographical area where the study was conducted, the study design and the

population and sample were depicted. The instrument used to collect the data;

including methods implemented validity and reliability of the instrument are also

presented.

Research Design

The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to

integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way,

thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes

the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.

The randomized complete block design (RCBD) divides the experiment

subjects into more or less homogenous groups called blocks. Blocking is done to

make sure that the experimental subjects in a group have similar characteristics

so that the observed differences among the groups will be largely due to the

treatments. Blocking also helps in giving more accurate results than CRD. There

is no restrictions as to the number of treatments or number block in the

experimental.

xxix
Sample and Sampling Technique

This research has 20 respondents from 7-Sampaguita of Juan Sumulong

Memorial Junior College. Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the

materials for the concrete made out of rice husk ash and coconut fibers as the

eco-friendly way of absorbing rainwater.

Research Instrument

The instrument that will be used in the study is a checking list type of

questionnaire. This type of questionnaire will serve as set of questions that will

be answered in the record sheet of the data and results that will be gathered

during the experimentation.

Data Collection Procedure

The gathered information of the research, related study and literature that

are essential to the study served as guide for this research. The researchers

created a letter for the school principal to ask permission on using the high

school students as respondents of the study followed by producing the product

which is the concrete made out of rice husk ash and coconut fibers as an eco-

friendly way to absorb rainwater was used as an instrument in this research.

xxx
Statistical Treatment

The gathered data was statistically treated using the percentage and

weighted mean the interpretation of results according to the problem.

1. Ranking- This was used to rank the data gathered regarding on the

effectiveness of the water absorbent concrete.

2. Percentage- This was used to get the answer problem two to

seven.

f
%= n

Where:

% = percent value

f = frequency

n = number of respondents

3. Frequency- is a table that shows the total number for each group

of data. The frequency of a particular data value in the number of

times the data value occurs.

xxxi
Process of Extraction

Preparation of the materials

Measuring of the materials needed

Mixing the cement powder and water

Mixing the cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers

Pouring the mixed ingredients to a brick-shaped container

Letting the ingredients sit for 48 hours

Removing the concrete off of the molder

Presenting the product

Figure 2

In figure 2, it shows the procedure that the researcher followed to produce

the product which is the concrete made out of rice husk ash and coconut fibers

as an eco-friendly way of absorbing rainwater.

xxxii
 Chapter IV

Analysis, Presentation, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents and interprets the data gathered on the result obtained.

Table 1

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS”

Gender Frequency Percentage Rank

A. Female 9 30% 2

B. Male 21 70% 1

Total 30 100%

Table 1 shows the total number of the respondents which is 30. 21 of them

are male and the other 9 are female. Female got an average percent of 30%

which ranked 2nd while male got 70% and which ranked 1st.

xxxiii
 Table 2

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS”

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

A. 11-12 15 50% 1

B. 13-14 15 50% 1

C. 15-16 0 0% 2

Total 30 100%

Table 2 shows that the selected respondents are aged equally. 50% of

them are aged 11-12 while the other 50% are aged 13-14. It also shows that

there’s no any respondent aged 15-16 that’s why it was ranked 2 nd.

Table 3

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF WELL RATED ABSORPTION PROCESS

OF THE CEMENT WITH RICE HUSK ASH AND COCONUT FIBERS”

Approval Frequency Percentage Rank

A. Yes 30 100% 1

B. No 0 0% 2

Total 30 100%

Table 3 shows if the product absorbs water well or not which needs

respondent’s approval; all of the respondents agreed that cement with rice husk

ash and coconut fibers absorbs the water well or equivalent to 100%.

xxxiv
 Table 4

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE AVERAGE PERCENT OF THE

ABSORPTION PROCCESS OF THE PRODUCT”

Average Frequenc Percentag Rank

y e
A. 75% - 100% 10 33.33% 2

B. 50% - 75% 20 66.67% 1

C. 25% - 50% 0 0% 3

Total 30 100%

Table 4 shows the average percent of the absorption process of the

product. There are 10 respondents who rated the product 75% - 100% with the

percentage of 33.33% which ranked 2nd while the other 20 respondents rated

50% - 75% with the percentage of 66.67% and which ranked 1 nd. There’s no any

respondent who rated 25% - 50% that’s why it was ranked last.

xxxv
 Table 5

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE TEXTURE OF THE CEMENT WITH

RICE HUSK ASH AND COCONUT FIBRES”

Textur Frequenc Percentag Rank

e y e
A. Rough 18 60% 1

B. Smooth 12 40% 2

Total 30 100%

Table 5 shows that there are 18 who responds for Rough which is

equivalent to 60% and which ranked 1st. The remaining 12 responds for Smooth

with an average of 40% which ranked 2nd.

Table 6

Approval Frequency Percentag Rank

e
A. Yes 30 100% 1

B. No 0 0% 2

Total 30 100%

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFICENCE OF THE PRODUCT

COMPARE TO NORMAL CONCRETE”

Table 6 shows if the cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers is more

beneficial than to a normal concrete which needs respondents approval; all of the

respondents answered Yes with the percentage of 100% which ranked 1 st.

xxxvi
 Table 7

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE PREFERABLE TIME OF

ABSORPTION OF THE PRODUCT THAN TO A NORMAL ONE”

Approval Frequency Percentage Rank

A. Yes 30 100% 1

B. No 0 0% 2

Total 30 100%

Table 7 shows that all of the respondents preferred to use the cement with

rice husk ash and coconut fibers due to the faster time of absorbing water.

Table 8

Rate Frequency Percentage Rank

A. 1 - 4 0 0% 3

B. 5 - 7 15 50% 1

C. 8 - 10 15 50% 1

Total 30 100%

“FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE RATE OF HOW PREFERABLE THE

PRODUCT”

xxxvii
 Table 8 shows the rated preferably of the product. 15 of the respondents

rated the product 5 – 7 which an average percent of 50% and the other 15 rated

8 – 10 which also has an average percent of 50%. There’s no any respondent

rates the product 1 -4.

Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

Summary

This study aimed to find out The Effectiveness of Rice Husk Ash and

Coconut Fibers as Flood Absorbent Concrete and to find out the answer of the

following question:

1. What is the gender of the respondent:

1.1 Male

1.2 Female

Table 1 shows the total number of the respondents which is 30. 21 of

them are male and the other 9 are female. Female got an average percent of

30% which ranked 2nd while male got 70% and which ranked 1 st.

2. What is the age of the respondent:

2.1 11 – 12 years old

2.2 13 – 14 years old

2.3 15 – 16 years old

xxxviii
 Table 2 shows that the selected respondents are aged equally. 50% of

them are aged 11-12 while the other 50% are aged 13-14. It also shows that

there’s no any respondent aged 15-16 that’s why it was ranked 2nd.

3. Does cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers absorb well:

3.1 Yes

3.2 No
Table 3 shows if the product absorbs water well or not which needs

respondent’s approval; all of the respondents agreed that cement with rice husk

ash and coconut fibers absorbs the water well or equivalent to 100%.

4. What do you think is the average percent of the absorption process

of this product:

4.1 75% - 100%

4.2 50% - 75%

4.3 25% - 50%

Table 4 shows the average percent of the absorption process of the

product. There are 10 respondents who rated the product 75% - 100% with the

percentage of 33.33% which ranked 2 nd while the other 20 respondents rated

50% - 75% with the percentage of 66.67% and which ranked 1 nd. There’s no any

respondent who rated 25% - 50% that’s why it was ranked last.

5. What is the texture of the cement with rice husk ash and coconut

fibers:

xxxix
 5.1 Rough

5.2 Smooth
Table 5 shows that there are 18 who responds for Rough which is

equivalent to 60% and which ranked 1 st. The remaining 12 responds for Smooth

with an average of 40% which ranked 2nd.

6. Do you think this product is more beneficial than a normal concrete:

6.1 Yes

6.2 No
Table 6 shows if the cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers is more

beneficial than to a normal concrete which needs respondents approval; all of the

respondents answered Yes with the percentage of 100% which ranked 1 st.

7. Do you think absorption time of this product is more preferable than

the time consumed by a normal concrete:

7.1 Yes

7.2 No

Table 7 shows that all of the respondents preferred to use the cement with

rice husk ash and coconut fibers due to the faster time of absorbing water.

8. Compare to the normal concrete, how can you rate it preferable:

8.1 1-4

8.2 5–7

8.3 8 – 10

Table 8 shows the rated preferably of the product. 15 of the respondents

rated the product 5 – 7 which an average percent of 50% and the other 15 rated

xl
8 – 10 which also has an average percent of 50%. There’s no any respondent

rates the product 1 -4.

Conclusion

We therefore conclude that the gender does not affect the final result of

the experiment. It is only used to classify the respondents which gender prior in

this research.

Second, the age of the respondents was used to classify what age were

they when the research was conducted.

Third, all of the respondents agreed that cement with rice husk ash and

coconut fibers absorbs the water well.

Fourth, the average percent of the absorption process of the product was

rated differently. Out of 30 respondents, 10 of them rated the product 75% -

100% while the other 20 respondents rated 50% - 75%. There’s no any

respondent who rated the lowest rate.

Fifth, the texture of the product was rated where 18 responds for Rough

while the remaining 12 responds for Smooth.

Sixth, all of the respondents agreed that the cement with rice husk ash

and coconut fibers is more beneficial than to a normal concrete.

Seventh, all of the respondents preferred to use the cement with rice husk

ash and coconut fibers due to the faster absorption time of it.

xli
 Lastly, the rated preferably of the product was rated 5 – 7 of 15

respondents while the other 15 rated 8 – 10. There’s no any respondent rates the

product 1 -4.

Recommendation

Based on the conclusion, the concrete made out of cement mixture with

rice husk ash and coconut fibers will help us not to waste too much time on

waiting the ground to absorb the rainwater. The researchers were able to gather

the following recommendations:

Students –This research will help students to gain

more knowledge about this topic.

Teachers –This research will help teachers to

have ideas about this study that they

can share to others.

Parents –This research will help parents to have

further knowledge about rice husk ash

and coconut fibers’ other benefit.

Entrepreneurs –This research will help entrepreneurs

to gain income by overhauling normal

concretes with the use of the

xlii
 combination of cement, rice husk ash

and coconut fibers.

Future Researchers –This research will help future

researchers to have basis for their future

experiments.

Bibliography:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705814032664

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950061813004868

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095006181000704X

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511014002207

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950061811001498

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279299222_Utilization_of_Rice_Husk_

Ash_RHA_as_Partial_Replacement_to_Ordinary_Portland_Cement_OPC_in_Th

ermal_Resistant_Concrete_Hollow_Blocks_CHB?

fbclid=IwAR2xxh6Q8deVuvmY7g1GV8zJWoEQL9Y1eK9ZxK_k3Apjo9aBMwubf

QxoVBo

https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=7237&fbclid=IwAR2iyvib3Si_E5b6v-

CB8iolX9gd5DAGEdCLt3KvJOfFsu0N1zDsyxTD23w

xliii
 APPENDICES

TITLE: RICE HUSK ASH AND COCONUT FIBERS AS FLOOD ABSORBENT

CONCRETE

1. What is the gender of the respondent:

Male

Female

2. What is the age of the respondent:

11-12 years old

13-14 years old

15-16 years old

3. Does cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers absorb well:

Yes

No

4. What do you think is the average percent of the absorption process of this

product:

75% - 100%

50% - 75%

25% - 50%

5. What is the texture of the cement with rice husk ash and coconut fibers:

Rough

Smooth

6. Do you think this product is more beneficial than a normal concrete:

Yes

No

xliv
 7. Do you think absorption time of this product is more preferable than the

time consumed by a normal concrete:

Yes

No

8. Compare to the normal concrete, how can you rate it preferable:

1-4

5-7

8 - 10

Comment or Suggestion:

__________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

xlv
 REQUEST LETTER
February 22, 2019

MS. JOCELYN Z. RONDILLA

Principal
Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College
Taytay, Rizal

Dear Ma’am,
We, the undersigned Grade 9 Section Gold, conducting a study entitled
“THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RICE HUSK ASH AND COCONUT FIBRES AS A
FLOOD
ABSORBENT CONCRETE” with regard to this. We would like to ask your
permission to allow us to select 30 students from 7-Sampaguita that will serve as
respondents for our study. The objective of this study is to identify the
effectiveness of rice husk ash and coconut fibers as flood absorbent concrete.

Your approval will be very much appreciated.

Thank you so much and God bless!

Benito, Jehnn Audrie D.C.

Candelaria III, Oscar S.
Marquez, Jashlein Leanne T.
Penides, Rozly Kim G.
Repollo, Bea Louisa L.
Approved by:

MR. JON ORLENE U. SISON MS. JOCELYN Z. RONDILLA

Adviser Principal

xlvi
 Jehnn Audrie DC. Benito

Address: R. Valle Ext.St. R. Valle, Brgy. Dolores,

Taytay, Rizal

Contact no: 09980244202

E-mail: audriejehnn21@gmail.com

________________________________________________________________

I. Personal Data
1.1 Date of Birth: October 21, 2003
1.2 Place of Birth: Taytay, Rizal
1.3 Age 15
1.4 Height: 5’3
1.5 Weight: 58 kgs
1.6 Language: English and Filipino
1.7 Civil Status: Single
1.8 Religion: Catholicism

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary School Taytay Elementary School
L.Wood Rd, Taytay, Rizal
2009-2015
Secondary Level Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College
D. Espiritu, Taytay, Rizal
2016 – Present

xlvii
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2016-
2017)
 Top 3 (1st – 4th Grading)
 Most Responsible
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2017-
2018)
 Top 4 (1st – 3rd Grading)
 Top 6 (4th Grading)
 Most Responsible
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2018-
2019)
 With Honors (1st – 3rd Grading)
 Most Diligent (1st – 2nd Grading)
 Most Responsible (3rd Grading)
 Best in Creative Writing
 Top 5 (4th Grading)

xlviii
xlix
 Oscar S. Candelaria III

Address: #27 Callejon 1 Brgy. San Juan Taytay,

Rizal

Contact no: 09264558569

E-mail: jocascandelaria@yahoo.com

________________________________________________________________

III. Personal Data

1.1 Date of Birth: October 11, 2003
1.2 Place of Birth: Pasig City
1.3 Age 15
1.4 Height: 5’7
1.5 Weight: 51 kgs
1.6 Language: English and Filipino
1.7 Civil Status: Single
1.8 Religion: Christian

IV. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary School Rosario Ocampo Elementary School
Rizal Ave, Taytay, Rizal
2009-2015
Secondary Level Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College
D. Espiritu, Taytay, Rizal
2016 – Present

l
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2016-
2017)
 Top 4
 Best in AP
 Best in ESP
 Best in MAPEH
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2017-
2018)
 With Honors (2nd – 4th Grading)
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2018-
2019)
 With Honors (1st – 4th Grading)

li
 Jashlein Leanne T. Marquez

Address: E.G Compound, Sitio Burol, Taytay,

Rizal

Contact no: 09083374354

E-mail: unnikorn01@gmail.com

________________________________________________________________

V. Personal Data
1.1 Date of Birth: March 02, 2004
1.2 Place of Birth: Mandaluyong, Philippines
1.3 Age 15
1.4 Height: 4’11
1.5 Weight: 50 kgs
1.6 Language: English and Filipino
1.7 Civil Status: Single
1.8 Religion: Iglesia ni Cristo

VI. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary School Al-Hekma International School
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2009-2013
Al-Dura International School
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2013-2016

Secondary Level Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College

D. Espiritu, Taytay, Rizal
2016 – Present

lii
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Al- Dura International School (S.Y. 2016-2017)
 With Honors (1st – 4th Grading)
 Al- Dura International School (S.Y. 2017-2018)
 With Honors (1st – 4th Grading)
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2018-
2019)
 With Honors (1st – 4th Grading)

liii
liv
 Rozly Kim G. Penides

Address: 576 Gloria St. Marick, Subd. Cainta,

Rizal

Contact no: 09204000679

E-mail: rozlygatchalianpenides@gmail.com

________________________________________________________________

VII. Personal Data

1.1 Date of Birth: September 24, 2003
1.2 Place of Birth: Angono, Rizal
1.3 Age 15
1.4 Height: 5’1
1.5 Weight: 42 kgs
1.6 Language: English and Filipino
1.7 Civil Status: Single
1.8 Religion: Roman Catholicism

VIII. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary School Marick Elementary School
Cainta, Rizal
2009-2016

Secondary Level Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College

D. Espiritu, Taytay, Rizal
2016 – Present

lv
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2016-
2017)
 Top 3 (1st – 3rd Grading)
 Top 2 (4th Grading)
 Best in AP
 Best in Science
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2017-
2018)
 With Honors (1st – 4th Grading)
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2018-
2019)
 With Honors (1st – 3rd Grading)
 Top 2 (4th Grading)

lvi
 Bea Louisa L. Repollo

Address: D. Espiritu St. Brgy. San Isidro, Taytay,

Rizal

Contact no: 09213754434

E-mail: blrepollo@gmail.com

________________________________________________________________

IX. Personal Data

1.1 Date of Birth: April 16, 2004
1.2 Place of Birth: Antipolo, Rizal
1.3 Age 14
1.4 Height: 5’0
1.5 Weight: 40 kgs
1.6 Language: English and Filipino
1.7 Civil Status: Single
1.8 Religion: Roman Catholicism

X. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Primary School Dolores Elementary School
L.Wood Rd, Taytay, Rizal
2009-2012
Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College
D. Espiritu, Taytay, Rizal
2012 – 2015

Secondary Level Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College

D. Espiritu, Taytay, Rizal
2016 – Present

lvii
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2016-
2017)
 Top 3 (1st – 3rd Grading)
 Top 2 (4th Grading)
 Best in AP
 Best in MAPEH
 Best in Science
 Best in TLE
 Best in Mathematics
 Best in English
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2017-
2018)
 With Honors (2nd – 4th Grading)
 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College (S.Y. 2018-
2019)
 With Honors (1st – 4th Grading)

lviii
lix