Python 2.7 Quick Reference Sheet: ver 2.01 ʹ 110105 (sjd)
This document provides a quick reference sheet for common Python syntax structures, built-in functions, data types, and modules. It includes summaries of assignment statements, selection statements, repetition statements, functions, classes, exceptions, strings, lists, files and more. Interactive help is available in Python through functions like help(), dir() and built-in documentation for modules and functions. Common data types in Python include integers, floats, booleans, strings, tuples, lists and dictionaries.
Python 2.7 Quick Reference Sheet: ver 2.01 ʹ 110105 (sjd)
This document provides a quick reference sheet for common Python syntax structures, built-in functions, data types, and modules. It includes summaries of assignment statements, selection statements, repetition statements, functions, classes, exceptions, strings, lists, files and more. Interactive help is available in Python through functions like help(), dir() and built-in documentation for modules and functions. Common data types in Python include integers, floats, booleans, strings, tuples, lists and dictionaries.
7 Quick Reference Sheet Common Syntax Structures Common Built-‐in Functions
ver 2.01 ʹ 110105 (sjd) Assignment Statement Function Returns var = exp abs(x) Absolute value of x Console Input/Output dict() Empty dictionary, eg: d = dict() Interactive Help in Python Shell var = input( [prompt] ) float(x) int or string x as float help() Invoke interactive help var = raw_input( [prompt] ) id(obj) memory addr of obj help(m) Display help for module m print exp[,] ͙ int (x) float or string x as int help(f) Display help for function f Selection len(s) Number of items in sequence s dir(m) Display names in module m if (boolean_exp): list() Empty list, eg: m = list() stmt ͙ max(s) Maximum value of items in s Small Operator Precedence Table [elif (boolean_exp): min(s) Minimum value of items in s func_name(args, ͙) Function call stmt ͙] ͙ open(f) Open filename f for input x[index : index] Slicing [else: ord(c) ASCII code of c x[index] Indexing stmt ͙] pow(x,y) x ** y x.attribute Attribute reference Repetition range(x) A list of x ints 0 to x -‐ 1 ** Exponentiation while (boolean_exp): round(x,n) float x rounded to n places *, /, % Multiply, divide, mod stmt ͙ str(obj) str representation of obj +, -‐ Add, subtract Traversal sum(s) Sum of numeric sequence s >, <, <=, >=, !=, == Comparison for var in traversable_object: tuple(items) tuple of items in, not in Membership tests stmt ͙ type(obj) Data type of obj not, and, or Boolean operators Function Definition def function_name( parmameters ): NOT, AND, OR stmt ͙ Common Math Module Functions
Module Import Function Call Function Returns (all float) import module_name function_name( arguments ) ceil(x) Smallest whole nbr >= x from module_name import name , ͙ Class Definition cos(x) Cosine of x radians from module_name import * class Class_name [ (super_class) ]: degrees(x) x radians in degrees [ class variables ] radians(x) x degrees in radians Common Data Types def method_name( self, parameters ): exp(x) e ** x Type Description Literal Ex stmt floor(x) Largest whole nbr <= x int 32-‐bit Integer 3, -‐4 Object Instantiation hypot(x, y) sqrt(x * x + y * y) long Integer > 32 bits 101L obj_ref = Class_name( arguments ) log(x [, base]) Log of x to base or natural log if float Floating point number 3.0, -‐6.55 Method Invocation base not given complex Complex number 1.2J obj_ref.method_name( arguments ) pow(x, y) x ** y bool Boolean True, False Exception Handling sin(x) Sine of x radians str Character sequence ͞Python͟ try: sqrt(x) Positive square root of x tuple Immutable sequence (2, 4, 7) stmt ͙ tan(x) Tangent of x radians list Mutable sequence [2, x, 3.1] except [exception_type] [, var]: pi Math constant pi to 15 sig figs dict Mapping { x:2, y:5 } stmt ͙ e Math constant e to 15 sig figs Common String Methods Common List Methods Common File Methods S.method() Returns (str unless noted) L.method() Result/Returns F.method() Result/Returns capitalize S with first char uppercase append(obj) Append obj to end of L read([n]) Return str of next n chars from F, center(w) S centered in str w chars wide count(obj) Returns int nbr of occurrences of or up to EOF if n not given count(sub) int nbr of non-‐overlapping obj in L readline([n]) Return str up to next newline, or occurrences of sub in S index(obj) Returns index of first occurrence at most n chars if specified find(sub) int index of first occurrence of of obj in L; raises ValueError if readlines() Return list of all lines in F, where sub in S or -‐1 if not found obj not in L each item is a line isdigit() bool True if S is all digit chars, pop([index]) Returns item at specified index write(s) Write str s to F False otherwise or item at end of L if index not writelines(L) Write all str in seq L to F islower() bool True if S is all lower/upper given; raises IndexError if L is close() Closes the file isupper() case chars, False otherwise empty or index is out of range join(seq) All items in seq concatenated remove(obj) Removes first occurrence of obj Other Syntax into a str, delimited by S from L; raises ValueError if obj is Hold window for user keystroke to close: lower() Lower/upper case copy of S not in L raw_input(͞Press <Enter> to quit.͟) upper() reverse() Reverses L in place Prevent execution on import: lstrip() Copy of S with leading/ trailing sort() Sorts L in place ŝĨͺͺŶĂŵĞͺͺсс͞ͺͺŵĂŝŶͺͺ͗͟ rstrip() whitespace removed, or both main() split([sep]) List of tokens in S, delimited by Common Tuple Methods sep; if sep not given, delimiter T.method() Returns Displayable ASCII Characters is any whitespace count(obj) Returns nbr of occurrences of 32 SP 48 0 64 @ 80 P 96 ` 112 p obj in T Formatting Numbers as Strings 33 ! 49 1 65 A 81 Q 97 a 113 q index(obj) Returns index of first occurrence Syntax: ͞format_spec͟ % numeric_exp 34 ͞ 50 2 66 B 82 R 98 b 114 r of obj in T; raises ValueError if format_spec syntax: % width.precision type obj is not in T 35 # 51 3 67 C 83 S 99 c 115 s 36 $ 52 4 68 D 84 T 100 d 116 t x width (optional): align in number of colums specified; negative to left-‐align, precede with Common Dictionary Methods 37 % 53 5 69 E 85 U 101 e 117 u 0 to zero-‐fill D.method() Result/Returns 38 & 54 6 70 F 86 V 102 f 118 v x precision (optional): show specified digits of clear() Remove all items from D 39 ͚ 55 7 71 G 87 W 103 g 119 w precision for floats; 6 is default get(k [,val]) Return D[k] if k in D, else val 40 ( 56 8 72 H 88 X 104 h 120 x x type (required): d (decimal int), f (float), s has_key(k) Return True if k in D, else False 41 ) 57 9 73 I 89 Y 105 i 121 y (string), e (float ʹ exponential notation) items() Return list of key-‐value pairs in 42 * 58 : 74 J 90 Z 105 j 122 z x Examples for x = 123, y = 456.789 D; each list item is 2-‐item tuple 43 + 59 ; 75 K 91 [ 107 k 123 { ͞йϲĚ͟ % x -‐> . . . 123 keys() Return list of D͛ƐŬĞLJƐ 44 , 60 < 76 L 92 \ 108 l 124 | ͞йϬϲĚ͟ % x -‐> 000123 pop(k, [val]) Remove key k, return mapped ͞%8.2f % y -‐> . . 456.79 45 -‐ 61 = 77 M 93 ] 109 m 125 } value or val if k not in D ͞ϴ͘ϮĞ͟йLJ-‐> 4.57e+02 46 . 62 > 78 N 94 ^ 110 n 126 ~ values() Return list of D͛s values ͞-‐8s͟й͞,ĞůůŽ͟-‐> Hello . . . 47 / 63 ? 79 O 95 _ 111 o 127 DEL µ\¶ µ\W¶ µ\n¶ = 10