F4 (Mathematics)
F4 (Mathematics)
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F_4 (mathematics)
* Subgroup <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgroup>
* Normal subgroup <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_subgroup>
* kernel
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(algebra)#Group_homomorphisms>
* image <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_(mathematics)>
* direct sum <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_sum_of_groups>
* infinite <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_group>
* continuous <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_group>
* multiplicative <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_group>
* additive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_group>
* cyclic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_group>
* abelian <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelian_group>
* dihedral <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihedral_group>
* nilpotent <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilpotent_group>
* solvable <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvable_group>
* cyclic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_group>
* alternating <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_group>
* Lie type <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Lie_type>
* sporadic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporadic_group>
* Cauchy's theorem
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s_theorem_(group_theory)>
* Lagrange's theorem
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%27s_theorem_(group_theory)>
* p-group <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-group>
* Elementary abelian group
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_abelian_group>
[show] <#>
* PSL(2,*Z*)
* SL(2,*Z*)
* Solenoid <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_(mathematics)>
* Circle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_group>
* Special orthogonal
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_orthogonal_group> SO(/n/)
* Special unitary
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_unitary_group> SU(/n/)
* G_2 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_(mathematics)>
* F_4
* E_6 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E6_(mathematics)>
* E_7 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7_(mathematics)>
* E_8 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E8_(mathematics)>
* Lorentz <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_group>
* Poincaré <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_group>
* Conformal <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_group>
* Diffeomorphism <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffeomorphism>
* Loop <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_group>
* O(∞)
* SU(∞)
* Sp(∞)
* v <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Group_theory_sidebar>
* t <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Group_theory_sidebar>
* e
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Template:Group_theory_sidebar&action=edit>
Classical
* A_/n/ <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Lie_group#A_series>
* B_/n/ <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Lie_group#B_series>
* C_/n/ <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Lie_group#C_series>
* D_/n/ <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Lie_group#D_series>
Exceptional
* G_2 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_(mathematics)>
* F_4
* E_6 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E6_(mathematics)>
* E_7 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7_(mathematics)>
* E_8 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E8_(mathematics)>
Other Lie groups
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_Lie_groups>[show] <#>
* Circle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_group>
* Lorentz <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_group>
* Poincaré <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_group>
* Conformal group <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_group>
* Diffeomorphism <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffeomorphism>
* Loop <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_group>
* Euclidean <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_group>
Representation theory
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theory>[show] <#>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_theory_of_semisimple_Lie_algebras>
* Theorem of the highest weight
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem_of_the_highest_weight>
* Borel–Weil–Bott theorem
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%E2%80%93Weil%E2%80%93Bott_theorem>
Scientists[show] <#>
* Glossary
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Lie_groups_and_Lie_algebras>
* Table of Lie groups <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_Lie_groups>
* v <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Lie_groups>
* t <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Lie_groups>
* e
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Lie_groups&action=edit>
Contents
* 1 Algebra <#Algebra>
o 1.1 Dynkin diagram <#Dynkin_diagram>
o 1.2 Weyl/Coxeter group <#Weyl/Coxeter_group>
o 1.3 Cartan matrix <#Cartan_matrix>
o 1.4 F_4 lattice <#F4_lattice>
o 1.5 Roots of F_4 <#Roots_of_F4>
+ 1.5.1 Simple roots <#Simple_roots>
o 1.6 F_4 polynomial invariant <#F4_polynomial_invariant>
* 2 Representations <#Representations>
* 3 See also <#See_also>
* 4 References <#References>
Algebra[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=1>]
Dynkin diagram[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=2>]
Weyl/Coxeter group[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=3>]
Cartan matrix[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=4>]
[ 2 − 1 0 0 − 1 2 − 2 0 0 − 1 2 − 1 0 0 − 1 2 ] {\displaystyle
\left[{\begin{array}{rrrr}2&-1&0&0\\-1&2&-2&0\\0&-1&2&-1\\0&0&-
1&2\end{array}}\right]}
\left[{\begin{array}{rrrr}2&-1&0&0\\-1&2&-2&0\\0&-1&2&-1\\0&0&-
1&2\end{array}}\right]
F_4 lattice[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=5>]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F4_roots_by_24-cell_duals.svg>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F4_roots_by_24-cell_duals.svg>
The 24 vertices of 24-cell <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-cell> (red)
and 24 vertices of its dual (yellow) represent the 48 root vectors of
F_4 in this Coxeter plane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxeter_plane>
projection
Simple roots[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=7>]
[ 0 1 − 1 0 0 0 1 − 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 − 1 2 − 1 2 − 1 2 ] {\displaystyle
{\begin{bmatrix}0&1&-1&0\\0&0&1&-1\\0&0&0&1\\{\frac {1}{2}}&-{\frac
{1}{2}}&-{\frac {1}{2}}&-{\frac {1}{2}}\\\end{bmatrix}}}
{\begin{bmatrix}0&1&-1&0\\0&0&1&-1\\0&0&0&1\\{\frac {1}{2}}&-{\frac
{1}{2}}&-{\frac {1}{2}}&-{\frac {1}{2}}\\\end{bmatrix}}
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F4HassePoset.svg>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F4HassePoset.svg>
Hasse diagram <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse_diagram> of F4 root
poset <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_system#The_root_poset> with
edge labels identifying added simple root position
Where /x/, /y/, /z/ are real valued and /X/, /Y/, /Z/ are octonion
valued. Another way of writing these invariants is as (combinations of)
Tr(/M/), Tr(/M/^2 ) and Tr(/M/^3 ) of the hermitian
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian_matrix> octonion
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octonion> matrix
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)>:
M = [ x Z ¯ Y Z y X ¯ Y ¯ X z ] {\displaystyle
M={\begin{bmatrix}x&{\overline {Z}}&Y\\Z&y&{\overline
{X}}\\{\overline {Y}}&X&z\end{bmatrix}}}
M={\begin{bmatrix}x&\overline {Z}&Y\\Z&y&\overline {X}\\\overline
{Y}&X&z\end{bmatrix}}
1, 26, 52, 273, 324, 1053 (twice), 1274, 2652, 4096, 8424, 10829,
12376, 16302, 17901, 19278, 19448, 29172, 34749, 76076, 81081,
100776, 106496, 107406, 119119, 160056 (twice), 184756, 205751,
212992, 226746, 340119, 342056, 379848, 412776, 420147, 627912…
See also[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=10>]
References[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=F4_(mathematics)&action=edit§ion=11>]
show
* v <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Exceptional_Lie_groups>
* t <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Exceptional_Lie_groups>
* e
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Template:Exceptional_Lie_groups&action=edit>
* G_2 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_(mathematics)>
* F_4
* E_6 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E6_(mathematics)>
* E_7 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7_(mathematics)>
* E_8 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E8_(mathematics)>
show
* v <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:String_theory_topics>
* t <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:String_theory_topics>
* e
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Template:String_theory_topics&action=edit>
* Strings <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(physics)>
* History of string theory
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_string_theory>
o First superstring revolution
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_superstring_revolution>
o Second superstring revolution
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_superstring_revolution>
* String theory landscape
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory_landscape>
Calabi-Yau-alternate.png
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calabi-Yau-alternate.png>
Theory
* Nambu–Goto action
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambu%E2%80%93Goto_action>
* Polyakov action <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyakov_action>
* Bosonic string theory
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonic_string_theory>
* Superstring theory <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory>
o Type I string <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_string_theory>
o Type II string
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_string_theory>
+ Type IIA string
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_string_theory>
+ Type IIB string
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_string_theory>
o Heterotic string
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotic_string_theory>
* N=2 superstring <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%3D2_superstring>
* F-theory <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-theory>
* String field theory <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_field_theory>
* Matrix string theory
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_string_theory>
* Non-critical string theory
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-critical_string_theory>
* Non-linear sigma model
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear_sigma_model>
* Tachyon condensation
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon_condensation>
* RNS formalism <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNS_formalism>
* GS formalism <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GS_formalism>
* T-duality <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-duality>
* S-duality <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-duality>
* U-duality <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-duality>
* Montonen–Olive duality
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montonen%E2%80%93Olive_duality>
* Graviton <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton>
* Dilaton <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilaton>
* Tachyon <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon>
* Ramond–Ramond field
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramond%E2%80%93Ramond_field>
* Kalb–Ramond field
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalb%E2%80%93Ramond_field>
* Magnetic monopole <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_monopole>
* Dual graviton <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_graviton>
* Dual photon <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_photon>
Branes <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane>
* D-brane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-brane>
* NS5-brane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS5-brane>
* M2-brane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2-brane>
* M5-brane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M5-brane>
* S-brane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-brane>
* Black brane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_brane>
* Black holes <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole>
* Black string <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_string>
* Brane cosmology <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane_cosmology>
* Quiver diagram <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiver_diagram>
* Hanany–Witten transition
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanany%E2%80%93Witten_transition>
* Anomalies <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaly_(physics)>
* Instantons <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instanton>
* Chern–Simons form
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chern%E2%80%93Simons_form>
* Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield bound
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomol%27nyi%E2%80%93Prasad
%E2%80%93Sommerfield_bound>
* Exceptional Lie groups
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exceptional_Lie_group> (G_2
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_(mathematics)>, F_4 , E_6
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E6_(mathematics)>, E_7
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7_(mathematics)>, E_8
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E8_(mathematics)>)
* ADE classification <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADE_classification>
* Dirac string <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_string>
* /p/-form electrodynamics
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-form_electrodynamics>
Geometry
* Kaluza–Klein theory
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluza%E2%80%93Klein_theory>
* Compactification
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compactification_(physics)>
* Why 10 dimensions <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_10_dimensions>?
* Kähler manifold <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4hler_manifold>
* Ricci-flat manifold <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricci-flat_manifold>
o Calabi–Yau manifold
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabi%E2%80%93Yau_manifold>
o Hyperkähler manifold
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperk%C3%A4hler_manifold>
+ K3 surface <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K3_surface>
o G_2 manifold <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_manifold>
o Spin(7)-manifold <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin(7)-manifold>
* Generalized complex manifold
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_complex_structure>
* Orbifold <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbifold>
* Conifold <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifold>
* Orientifold <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientifold>
* Moduli space <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moduli_space>
* Hořava–Witten domain wall
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%99ava%E2%80%93Witten_domain_wall>
* K-theory (physics) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-theory_(physics)>
* Twisted K-theory <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_K-theory>
Supersymmetry <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry>
* Supergravity <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergravity>
* Superspace <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspace>
* Lie superalgebra <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_superalgebra>
* Lie supergroup <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_supergroup>
Holography <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography>
* Holographic principle
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic_principle>
* AdS/CFT correspondence
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT_correspondence>
M-theory <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory>
String theorists
* Aganagić <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mina_Aganagi%C4%87>
* Arkani-Hamed <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nima_Arkani-Hamed>
* Atiyah <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Atiyah>
* Banks <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Banks_(physicist)>
* Berenstein <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Berenstein>
* Bousso <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Bousso>
* Cleaver <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_B._Cleaver>
* Curtright <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Curtright>
* Dijkgraaf <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbert_Dijkgraaf>
* Distler <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Distler>
* Douglas <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Douglas>
* Duff <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Duff_(physicist)>
* Ferrara <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Ferrara>
* Fischler <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Fischler>
* Friedan <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Friedan>
* Gates <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates>
* Gliozzi <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinando_Gliozzi>
* Gopakumar <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajesh_Gopakumar>
* Green <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Green_(physicist)>
* Greene <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Greene>
* Gross <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross>
* Gubser <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Gubser>
* Gukov <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Gukov>
* Guth <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Guth>
* Hanson <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_J._Hanson>
* Harvey <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Harvey>
* Hořava <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Ho%C5%99ava_(theorist)>
* Gibbons <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Gibbons>
* Kachru <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamit_Kachru>
* Kaku <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michio_Kaku>
* Kallosh <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renata_Kallosh>
* Kaluza <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Kaluza>
* Kapustin <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Kapustin>
* Klebanov <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Klebanov>
* Knizhnik <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadim_Knizhnik>
* Kontsevich <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich>
* Klein <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Klein>
* Linde <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Linde>
* Maldacena <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Maldacena>
* Mandelstam <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Mandelstam>
* Marolf <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Marolf>
* Martinec <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Martinec>
* Minwalla <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz_Minwalla>
* Moore <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Moore_(physicist)>
* Motl <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubo%C5%A1_Motl>
* Mukhi <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil_Mukhi>
* Myers <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Myers_(physicist)>
* Nanopoulos <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitri_Nanopoulos>
* Năstase <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora%C8%9Biu_N%C4%83stase>
* Nekrasov <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Nekrasov>
* Neveu <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Neveu>
* Nielsen <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holger_Bech_Nielsen>
* van Nieuwenhuizen
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_van_Nieuwenhuizen>
* Novikov <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Novikov_(mathematician)>
* Olive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Olive>
* Ooguri <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirosi_Ooguri>
* Ovrut <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burt_Ovrut>
* Polchinski <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Polchinski>
* Polyakov <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Markovich_Polyakov>
* Rajaraman <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvind_Rajaraman>
* Ramond <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Ramond>
* Randall <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Randall>
* Randjbar-Daemi <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifallah_Randjbar-Daemi>
* Roček <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ro%C4%8Dek>
* Rohm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Rohm>
* Scherk <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Scherk>
* Schwarz <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Schwarz>
* Seiberg <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Seiberg>
* Sen <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoke_Sen>
* Shenker <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Shenker>
* Siegel <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Siegel>
* Silverstein <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Silverstein>
* Sơn <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0m_Thanh_S%C6%A1n>
* Staudacher <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Staudacher>
* Steinhardt <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Steinhardt>
* Strominger <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Strominger>
* Sundrum <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_Sundrum>
* Susskind <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Susskind>
* 't Hooft <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft>
* Townsend <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Townsend>
* Trivedi <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandip_Trivedi>
* Turok <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Turok>
* Vafa <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumrun_Vafa>
* Veneziano <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_Veneziano>
* Verlinde <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Verlinde>
* Verlinde <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Verlinde>
* Wess <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Wess>
* Witten <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Witten>
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