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Analysis of Selected Papers: El-Zahab and Zayed Smart Water (2019) 4:5 Page 8 of 23

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Raakze Movi

This document discusses two classes of leak detection systems for water networks: 1) Static leak detection systems rely on sensors placed within the water network that can transmit data to identify, localize, and pinpoint leaks. They can immediately inform of leaks but provide only a general location. 2) Dynamic leak detection systems rely on moving devices to investigate suspected leak areas. They can precisely locate leaks but require prior knowledge of a potential leak. The document analyzes 31 research papers on leak detection systems to understand trends over time, finding growing interest from the 1980s to present.

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Analysis of Selected Papers: El-Zahab and Zayed Smart Water (2019) 4:5 Page 8 of 23

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Raakze Movi
50 views1 page
This document discusses two classes of leak detection systems for water networks: 1) Static leak detection systems rely on sensors placed within the water network that can transmit data to identify, localize, and pinpoint leaks. They can immediately inform of leaks but provide only a general location. 2) Dynamic leak detection systems rely on moving devices to investigate suspected leak areas. They can precisely locate leaks but require prior knowledge of a potential leak. The document analyzes 31 research papers on leak detection systems to understand trends over time, finding growing interest from the 1980s to present.

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Leak detection in water distribution8

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LDS WD-1_7

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This document discusses two classes of leak detection systems for water networks: 1) Static leak detection systems rely on sensors placed within the water network that can transmit data to identify, localize, and pinpoint leaks. They can immediately inform of leaks but provide only a general location. 2) Dynamic leak detection systems rely on moving devices to investigate suspected leak areas. They can precisely locate leaks but require prior knowledge of a potential leak. The document analyzes 31 research papers on leak detection systems to understand trends over time, finding growing interest from the 1980s to present.

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© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
50 views1 page

Analysis of Selected Papers: El-Zahab and Zayed Smart Water (2019) 4:5 Page 8 of 23

Uploaded by

Raakze Movi
This document discusses two classes of leak detection systems for water networks: 1) Static leak detection systems rely on sensors placed within the water network that can transmit data to identify, localize, and pinpoint leaks. They can immediately inform of leaks but provide only a general location. 2) Dynamic leak detection systems rely on moving devices to investigate suspected leak areas. They can precisely locate leaks but require prior knowledge of a potential leak. The document analyzes 31 research papers on leak detection systems to understand trends over time, finding growing interest from the 1980s to present.

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El-Zahab and Zayed Smart Water (2019) 4:5 Page 8 of 23

– Static leak detection systems: are systems that rely on sensors and data collectors
that are placed within the water network and on valves and are capable of
transmitting periodical data to the network management office. This data can be
used to identify, localize, and pinpoint leaks.
– Dynamic leak detection systems: are systems that rely on moving leak detection
devices to suspected leakage area to perform an investigation. Therefore, they rely
initially on suspicion of an existing leak. Another approach is performing regular
surveys around cities to identify leaks as soon as possible. Those systems can
confirm the existence of leaks and immediately localize and pinpoint them.

The main distinction between the two classes is that static leak detection systems can
inform the water network management of the existence of a leak almost immediately,
whereas dynamic leak detection systems are required to have information of a leak pos-
sibility so that they can be mobilized for investigation. On the other hand, dynamic leak
detection systems can pinpoint the exact location of a leak almost immediately under
ideal operating conditions, whereas static leak detection systems will provide a location
within a certain area and they are also more prone to false alarms. It is not uncommon
to use a static leak detection system to detect leaks and a dynamic leak detection sys-
tem to pinpoint them, but that is not expected to be the most affordable route (Cataldo
et al. 2014; Lee et al. 2005). The two classes encompass a wide variety of technologies
to provide an accurate leak detection system, but the technologies are not limited to
one class. For example, acoustic technologies, specifically noise loggers, can be dynamic
and moved from one location to the other periodically to detect leaks as in (Hunaidi
and Wang 2006) or they can be left in the network as in (El-Zahab et al. 2017).

Analysis of selected papers


This analysis aims to get a sense of the research work published in leak detection in
pipelines. Therefore, the first goal was to collect between 30 to 35 papers at random
and analyze the models described in those papers in depth. At first 50 papers were se-
lected from the original 941 papers and then those papers are filtered for redundancy
and similarity to keep only distinct papers. If after the filtering the number of journals
is between 30 and 35, no further search is needed. Otherwise, ten new random papers
would be selected. Table 2 shows that from the original 50 papers selected only 31
remained after filtering and therefore no further search was conducted. Table 2 sum-
marizes the titles, year of publications, and respective reference of each paper.
The first step of the analysis is to study the distribution of the randomly selected
journals over the years. This study provides insight into the condition of the research
field over the years. Figure 5 shows that research into the field of leak detection in pipe-
lines commenced in the 1980s but had little attention due to it being a new concept.
The interest started growing over the years as double the amount of the randomly se-
lected papers in the following decade. With the beginning of the twenty-first century,
the field of leak detection in pipelines started gathering more attention and funding
creating a burst of research that continues until today.
Through the study of the literature, two classes of leak detection systems were identi-
fied. The classes are (1) static leak detection and (2) dynamic leak detection. Static leak
detection represents a leak detection system that is left in the network and does not

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