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    Services

    Uploaded by

    Yu Hana
    The document summarizes key aspects of building services including elevators, HVAC, water supply and distribution, drainage, and electric supply and distribution. Elevators are mechanical conveyors that use cables and counterweights to move cars up and down lift wells at varying speeds depending on the building size. HVAC systems control temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air filtration using centralized systems with air handlers, chillers, boilers and packaged systems. Water supply systems provide adequate water quantity and sanitary fittings, while drainage systems use slopes, inspection chambers and traps to remove waste. Electricity is distributed at high voltages through transformers then meters and switchboards to power lights, appliances and equipment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Services

    Uploaded by

    Yu Hana
    27 views55 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of building services including elevators, HVAC, water supply and distribution, drainage, and electric supply and distribution. Elevators are mechanical conveyors that use cables and counterweights to move cars up and down lift wells at varying speeds depending on the building size. HVAC systems control temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air filtration using centralized systems with air handlers, chillers, boilers and packaged systems. Water supply systems provide adequate water quantity and sanitary fittings, while drainage systems use slopes, inspection chambers and traps to remove waste. Electricity is distributed at high voltages through transformers then meters and switchboards to power lights, appliances and equipment.

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    The document summarizes key aspects of building services including elevators, HVAC, water supply and distribution, drainage, and electric supply and distribution. Elevators are mechanical conveyors that use cables and counterweights to move cars up and down lift wells at varying speeds depending on the building size. HVAC systems control temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air filtration using centralized systems with air handlers, chillers, boilers and packaged systems. Water supply systems provide adequate water quantity and sanitary fittings, while drainage systems use slopes, inspection chambers and traps to remove waste. Electricity is distributed at high voltages through transformers then meters and switchboards to power lights, appliances and equipment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views55 pages

    Services

    Uploaded by

    Yu Hana
    The document summarizes key aspects of building services including elevators, HVAC, water supply and distribution, drainage, and electric supply and distribution. Elevators are mechanical conveyors that use cables and counterweights to move cars up and down lift wells at varying speeds depending on the building size. HVAC systems control temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air filtration using centralized systems with air handlers, chillers, boilers and packaged systems. Water supply systems provide adequate water quantity and sanitary fittings, while drainage systems use slopes, inspection chambers and traps to remove waste. Electricity is distributed at high voltages through transformers then meters and switchboards to power lights, appliances and equipment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 55

    Chapter 7:

    BUILDING SERVICES
    Contents:
    1. Elevators
    2. HVAC
    3. Water Supply & Distribution / Drainage
    4. Electric Supply & Distribution
    Contents:
    1. Elevators
    2. HVAC
    3. Water Supply & Distribution / Drainage
    4. Electric Supply & Distribution
    Elevators/Lifts
    Mechanical conveyors/ device for transportation
    of goods and people are; Lift, Escalator, Travelator

    Principle of Lift
    • Car : supported on cable attached to a
    counter weight.

    • Lift Well: Shaft along where car slides up and


    down.
    Lift speed - varies
    • 0.5m/s for small, delicate
    installations
    • 1.2 to 1.5 m/s for medium rise
    • 5.5 to 6.5 m/s for high rise buildings

    Components of a system
    • Machine room
    • Lift doors/ gates
    • Lift car
    Typical Dimensions for Lift
    Generally two types:
    • Electric
    • Hydraulic

    16’ to 20’

    4’to 6’

    5’ to 11’6”
    Escalators
    Contents:
    1. Elevators
    2. HVAC
    3. Water Supply & Distribution / Drainage
    4. Electric Supply & Distribution
    HVAC (heating, Ventilation & air-
    conditioning)
    Necessary for:
    • Comfort
    • Hygiene
    • Efficiency
    • Clean air (atmosphere)

    Involves control of:


    • Temperature
    • Moisture in the air (humidity)
    • Supply of outside air for ventilation
    • Filtration of airborne particles
    • Air movement in the occupied space
    HVAC Processes

    1 2 3

    6 5 4

    Types of Units
    1. Self-Contained or Packaged system:
    2. Centralized System
    HVAC – Centralized System
    HVAC – Packaged System
    HVAC – Packaged System
    Self Contained System (Larger Unit)
    Contents:
    1. Elevators
    2. HVAC
    3. Water Supply & Distribution / Drainage
    4. Electric Supply & Distribution
    Water Supply
    General principle
    • Provide adequate quantity of water supply in
    the building (135 lpcd for residence)
    • Provide sanitary fittings
    • Provide adequate and effective drainage
    • All WCs, bathrooms, kitchens should be grouped
    on one side of the building.
    • All WCs, bathrooms, kitchens etc. functions
    should be located on at least to one external
    wall
    • General slope of floor, terrace should be
    towards the outer wall to lay drainage pipe
    Water Demand (Liters per capita per day – LPCD)

    Building category LPCD


    Residence 135
    Office 45
    Hotels 180
    Schools (Day Scholars / 45 / 135
    Boarders)
    Hospitals (<=100 bed, 340 / 450
    >100 bed)
    Factories 45
    Cinema Hall (per seat) 15
    Water distribution system
    •Gravity
    •Direct pumping
    •By pumps and elevated storage tanks
    System used for distribution

    •Dead end /free end / tree system


    •Grid iron
    •Circular or ring
    •Radial

    Supply could be
    •intermittent
    •constant
    HOT WATER SUPPLY
    For Domestic use it is taken in the form of
    • Gas fired, oil fired or solid fuel boiler
    • Solar water heater or immersion heater are
    some other alternatives
    • As the hot water is drawn out from the tank it is
    immediately replaced by cold water
    • For hot water system cupper or steel pipes are
    preferred System
    Pump
    Underground
    water tank
    Water Supply System – Direct and Indirect System

    Direct System

    Indirect System
    Drainage
    Principle of house drainage system
    • Provide by the side of the building <apron drain>
    • Provide adequate size
    • Insure appropriate level to drain out from the lowest
    level
    • Maintain proper gradient for self cleaning velocity
    • Provide non-absorbent type foundation
    • Provide straight line with successive inspection
    chambers /manholes.
    • Provide properly ventilated entry system
    • Provide house drain with intercepting trap/s to
    connect to the public sewer (Prevents undesirable
    gases entry)
    Method of carrying refuse
     Separate system for sewer and storm
     Combined
     Partially combined
    Public Drainage
    Public Drainage
    Public Drainage
    Private Drainage
    ROOF
    DRAINAGE
    Contents:
    1. Elevators
    2. HVAC
    3. Water Supply & Distribution / Drainage
    4. Electric Supply & Distribution
    Introduction
    • One of the important aspects of the
    modern lifestyle
    • Necessary to provide lighting, heating
    and power to run machines and
    appliances
    • Generally Power is made available in 110
    volts or 230 volts at the user end
    • Brought at higher voltage in order to
    avoid loss during transmission.
    Ohm’s Law
    V = I X R (ohm’s law)
    P=VXI
    where, P = Power, V= Voltage, I = Current, R =
    Resistance
    Unit of Power is Watt, unit of Voltage is Volt, unit
    of current is

    Ampere and unit of Resistance is Ohm.


    1 Unit of electricity = 1 KWH (1000 WH)
    [1000 Watt (1 kilo watt) of electrical power
    consumed by an electrical load for an hour
    amounts to 1 Unit]
    Electric Supply & Distribution
    • The current can be Direct (DC), which is obtained
    from battery or adapter.
    • Alternative current (AC) is obtained from power
    plants
    • The main electric source of alternative current
    come with Three Phase, fourth serves as the
    Neutral which completes the circuit.
    • Besides there is earthing.
    • Single phase AC is supplied to the residence
    which has one phase and one Neutral.

    • NEA supplies single phase to each building >>


    passes through a meter >> through
    distribution box

    • Contains separate fuses or Miniature circuit


    breaker (MCB) controlling the lights,
    appliances and equipments.
    Electric Supply & Distribution

    Overhead
    (Service Connection from power company)
    or
    Underground

    Meter box

    Service switch

    Main switchboard (For control and protection


    of the main feeder lines)

    Panelboard (For control and protection of the branch circuits)

    Service outlets – lights, appliances etc …


    Wiring and conduit – to distribute electrical power between all of
    the above
    Electrical System requirements
    •Ducts - Electrical, sanitary and plumbing systems
    •Trunking - Heavy cable installation
    •Wiring System - Surface and concealed.
    •Safety precaution
    • Voltage fluctuation is detrimental to the lights
    appliances as well as humans
    • Fuses or circuit breakers
    • Earthing

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