Introduction

So I this assignment I want to discuss the about what are the quality problems
faced by MNC’s and how they solve their problems by taking the examples of
Bosch ltd. But before discuss the quality problems firstly we should about what is
Quality Management and why they are important during production.

TQM or Total Quality Management can be summarized as a management

system for a customer-focused organization that involves all employees in
continual improvement. It uses strategy, data, and effective communications to
integrate the quality discipline into the culture and activities of the organization.
Many of these concepts are present in modern quality management systems, the
successor to TQM. There are basically 8 principles of TQM that is customer
focused, total employee involvement, process centered, integrated systems,
strategic and systematic approach, continual improvement, fact based decision and
communications. These elements are considered so essential to TQM that many
organizations define them, in some format, as a set of core values and principles on
which the organization is to operate.

Quality management plays very important role in production and operation

because it helps in strengthened competitive position, adaptability to changing or
emerging market conditions and to environmental and other government
regulations, higher productivity, enhanced market image, elimination of defects
and waste, reduced costs and better cost management, higher profitability,
improved customer focus and satisfaction, increased customer loyalty and
retention, increased job security, improved employee morale, enhanced
shareholder and stakeholder value, improved and innovative processes.

Every company whether it is small or large, production and manufacturing the

quality plays very important role because it will decide whether they survive for
long period or not. It is not compulsory that every company is great and faced no
problems. There are many MNC’s who faced the quality problems but it’s depend
upon the company that how they solve their problem or how they improve their
problems. Quality management in manufacturing significantly contributes to a
manufacturer's brand and bottom line. However, persistent challenges to quality
management continue to trouble small and medium-sized manufacturing
companies alike. The issues, of course, vary depending on the existing
management culture of the company.

So in this assignment I m discuss about the quality problems faced by Bosch

ltd. And how they solve their problems with some procedures or steps. In this I
also discuss about the six-sigma technique which is used by Bosch.

In this assignment we also learn about different types of quality management or

quality improving techniques. Like there are many techniques such as six sigma, 8-
D technique, problem solving sheet, shainin, and many more.

Robert Bosch GmbH or Bosch,

It is a German multinational engineering and technology company
headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany. The company was founded
by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886 Bosch is 92% owned by Robert Bosch
Stiftung, a charitable institution.
Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility
(hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and
power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control) and energy and
building technology.
Bosch is very concerned about their quality improvement because they never
want any outdated quality which will harm to their employees, customer or
organization. And quality management is also plays very important role in
production process, it depends upon quality whether the customer want to be
existing customer or change there company.

Quality is not always related to product but it also related to manufacturing and
other areas also and all different areas have different types of techniques to control
quality which we will discuss in the assignment. So now lets start the assignment
that quality problem faced by Bosch and how they improve this.
 METHODOLOGIES
So this assignment based upon the quality problems and quality improvement of
the company and I take the Bosch ltd. in Bosch ltd quality improvement is very
important so I take information reated to qyality problems and their solution from
the companies website.

I further take help from company’s booklet (Bosch) of content no 16. That is
quality management in Bosch group. This booklet helps me a lot because from this
booklet I’m able to know the quality management of Bosch. They follow many
techniques to improve the quality in their product. They take help different
techniques in different types of quality problems.

Then I take some information from the company’s website that how they are
update with the new quality in their product. They never compromise with the
quality issues. They always ready that how they enhance there quality.

After that I take help from economic times and money control in which I see
that due to their quality management they are leading brand in tools and equipment
and every organize will prefer to them.

Some of the help I take from the research paper that is KLS INSTITUTE OF
MNAGEMENT AND EDUCATION RESEARCH. On that research I know about
quality control techninques.

To know the some of the meaning I take help from investopedia which gives
the accurate and understandable meaning.

In this there are many new techniques I learnt that is

 Six-sigma
 8-d method
 Shainin
 Kepner tregoe
 Bosch production system
 Problem solving sheet
 Continuos improvement sheet
 SOLUTION
In Bosch limited MNC, they divide their problems into three areas with their
detailed procedure of solving whenever they launch their new products. The
problems are:

 Product problem which are related to verification of prototypes, 0-km faults,

field problems etc.
 Manufacturing process problems like production sequences, assembly,
materials provision etc.
 Problems in indirect areas like controlling.

But to solve these problems Bosch has used the method known as 8-D method
which they apply on all types of problems whether it is quality problem in product,
manufacturing or indirect areas.

So what is 8-D Method?

The eight disciplines (8D) model is a problem solving approach typically

employed by quality engineers or other professionals, and is most commonly used
by the automotive industry but has also been successfully applied in healthcare,
retail, finance, government, and manufacturing. The purpose of the 8D
methodology is to identify, correct, and eliminate recurring problems, making it
useful in product and process improvement.

The 8D problem solving model establishes a permanent corrective action based

on statistical analysis of the problem and focuses on the origin of the problem by
determining its root causes. Although it originally comprised eight stages, or
disciplines, the eight disciplines system was later augmented by an initial planning
stage.
D1- Establish a team: In this step we set a team of member who deal with that
problem and have knowledge of that quality product/process.

D2- Describe the problem: In this step we find out the or define the problem that
affect the quality of that product.

D3- Contain the problem: In this we are ready to find out the solution of that
problem.

D4- Identify the root cause: After knowing the problem the next step is ready to the
root cause or main cause of why that problem was happened. We need find what,
why, when, who, and how and according to them we need to find best solutions to
improve the quality.
D5- Choose corrective actions: We need to choose the best option from among the
pool of solutions which gives more fruitful results.

D6- Implement the corrective action: After choosing the best option we need to
implement that solution.

D7- Take preventing measures: Modify the management systems, operation

systems, practices, and procedures to prevent recurrence of this and all similar
problems.

D8- Reward the team: After the successful implement of that solution company
should congratulate the team because it will increase their moral and further help in
coming problems.

QUALITY PROBLEMS IN PRODUCT

Product quality problems are conformity or function related deviation which means
that when the actual performance of product is not matched with standard
performance in the form of error, defect or failure or error status. Error means
when there is a non-fulfillment of requirement of product, defect means when the
use of that product is not according to requirement, failure means when the
function of that product is not according to requirement, error status which means a
unit in which it is unable to fulfillment of requested function.

How they improve it:-

To improve the quality problems in product the Bosch ltd. firstly want to know that
where should the problems comes out and the underlying that the problem are
comes out from overall lifecycle of the product which is in the stage of design,
manufacturing or application. Design error is that when the quality is not according
to the customer requirement, manufacturing error occurs when the production of
that product is not according to the definite features and application error is that
which are related to storage, transportation or any environment where there is no
use of that product. Whenever these 3 things are come together or interact to each
other the more problem can come related to quality.

Procedure of their improving quality:

 Firstly they set their aimed at understanding the causes and their functional
relationships and effect on the basis of understood design and understood
production processes according to the principle of product engineering.
 But sometimes the Bosch ltd. didn’t find or understood the problem in D2
and D4 step so in that cases they named that the white spotted area.
 But that white spots area are finally clear in the step of D5 and D6 means
that quality problem are clearly understood and knowing the cause and effect
relationship the product is transferred into the next step of product or
process.
 But to know the cause and effect relationship they used the important tool
that is Delta examination.
 Delta examination is that examination in which the company measures the
actual performance with the setting standards to know about that what are
the main causes of that problem.
 So with the help of delta examination they are able to kniow the cause-effect
relationship and improve their quality in product.

 The another way of to improve their quality in problem by using Kepner-

Tregoe technique. The actual name is Kepner-Tregoe Problem Solving and
Decision Making (PSDM). Kepner-Tregoe calls the part of PSDM that ITIL
refers to Problem Analysis. Problem Analysis helps the practitioner make
sound decisions. It provides a process to identify and sort all the issues
surrounding a decision related to quality. As a troubleshooting tool, Problem
Analysis helps prevent jumping to conclusions

 Problem Analysis leverages the combined knowledge, experience, intuition,

and judgment of a team, resulting in faster and better decisions. Using
Problem Analysis to aid Problem Management not only brings the team
together, but also helps identify root cause. Problem Analysis is a problem
solving and decision making framework. Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing
and ITIL all describe Problem Analysis.

 So in this way the Bosch ltd. solve their product quality problems.
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS QUALITY PROBLEMS

Manufacturing process quality problems are those problems which comes at the
production or logistics process which are not related to product. In this Quality
control is exactly that: maintaining control over the level of quality you’re turning
out. It’s important to be on good terms with your factory, because communication
is key and because you really want them to understand exactly what it is you are
looking for.

How they improve it:-

To solve or improve the manufacturing quality issues Bosch has taken many steps:

Bosch Production System (BPS); Bosch production system is a system in which

there is a continuous development, improvement or change in the production and
production-related process with aim to reduce waste-free procedures so that there
smooth work in the organization and enhance the quality of production.

Continuous improvement process(CIP): Continuous improvement, sometimes

called continual improvement, is the ongoing improvement of products, services or
processes through incremental and breakthrough improvements. These efforts can
seek "incremental" improvement over time or "breakthrough" improvement all at
once. It will also helps in continues improvement in the quality which helps to
Bosch.

Shainin : It is the method used by Bosch ltd to improve the manufacturing quality
performance and also product performance and reliability. In this the experts are
found to situation that is best of best and worst of worst and after that find the
difference in both of them to identify the major sources of these contrast. The
Shainin System™ (SS) is defined as a problem-solving system designed for
medium- to high-volume processes where data are cheaply available, statistical
methods are widely used, and intervention into the process is difficult. It has been
mostly applied in parts and assembly operations facilities.
Six sigma approach: Six sigma is a tool which to improve the quality of process
and product but on the basis of data and facts. Six Sigma is a method that provides
organizations tools to improve the capability of their business processes. This
increase in performance and decrease in process variation helps lead to defect
reduction and improvement in profits, employee morale, and quality of products or
services. It is very useful approach that will help in continous improvement in
manufacturing process. It is applicable to all process types, and focusing on
customer oriented and business result.

BPS problem solving sheet: Problem solving sheet or PSS is a tool of enhancing
quality in manufacturing. It is sheet which contains 8 or 9 steps to increase the
quality of process. These steps are:-

 Defining the problem

 Facts analysis
 Containment
 Data analysis
 root cause analysis
 Corrective action
 standardization
 completetion

Here is the example of bosch problem solving sheet:

Here the first step is problem description and the problem is intervention threshold
for screwing valve clamp screw with clamp body exceed. After that In fact analysis
they find there is error in screw clamp. Then in containment action they schedule
the time and date. After that is data analysis they find the fault screw. After that
they find root cause of vthat problem and take corrective action and standardize
them.
 QUALITY PROBLEMS IN INDIRECT AREAS
Quality problems in indirect areas are those areas which are related to the planning,
controlling, monitoring or information processing in which only information is
exchanged or processed for example processing, assembly or transportation.

How to improve it:

To improve the quality I indirect areas the basically followed to method that is :

 8-D method &

 Problem solving sheet.

These both are similar above but the only difference is that it is according to other
areas so in this the problem description is not related to product or process. To
solve these types of quality problems they also started with problem description,
after that localize the problem and after that they look their current status and
according to them they start find out the root cause analysis. After finding the root
cause they take the preventing action and implement that action look whether the
quality increased or not.
 CONCLUSION
From this assignment I learned that the quality plays very important role in the
product and company also. If the company dealing with quality issues is good then
it gives fruitful result. The purpose of this assignment is also to know how the
Bosch ltd. enhance their quality or improve their quality by different types of
method in different areas. Bosch has already decided that how they will faced
problems related to quality issues in coming future. And also it is important to all
companies that they should always improve their quality in every product
according to the trend or generation. Because in today’s world no one likes
outdated quality whether it is in product, process or in technology. Company
always should updated with the new quality. Bosch has never compromise with
their quality that’s why it is very rare chances of coming any quality issues. If there
is any issues they deal it very nicely to improve the quality.
 REFERENCES:-
 https://asq.org/quality-resources/total-quality-management
 https://www.bosch.com/
 https://asq.org/quality-resources/eight-disciplines-8d
 https://asq.org/quality-resources/six-sigma
 https://www.slideshare.net/ravu145_m_s/bosch-ltd
 KLS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION RESEARCH
 https://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/purchasing_and_logistics/information_for
_business_partners/downloads/quality_docs/general_regulations/bosch_publications/booklet-
no16-problem-solving_EN.pdf
 https://asq.org/quality-resources/shainin-system